Chapter XXVI: Appendix: Alphabetical Series (3)

_Nicholas._ Richard Nicholas, Normandy, 1198; Nicholas, Nicolaus, England, 1198. A distinguished name in Kentucky.

_Norman._ Ralph Normannus, Normandy, 1180; Henry Norman, England, 1272. This name has a social and official conspicuity in the State of Kentucky; and in whatever position found it shows the characteristic marks of the old blood.

_Norris_, William Norensis, Normandy, 1180; Thomas Norensis, England, 1198.

_Northcott_, or Northcote.

_Norton_, or Conyers. Elder branch of the family of Conyers, or Cognieres, Normandy; named from the Barony of Norton, York, the chief English seat of the family.

_Nye_, for Noye.

_O'Hara_, Hare, O'Hare, O'Hara (fleet-footed). Scions of the House of Hare-court, or Harcourt, Counts of Normandy.

Theodore O'Hara was a Kentuckian by birth and training. He was a gallant soldier in the Mexican War; second officer in the first Lopez Expedition; a colonel in the Confederate service. He is best known by those fine elegiac lines which seem to be following the military cemeteries of the English-speaking race:

"On Fame's eternal camping-ground
Their silent tents are spread."

[See Ranck's Biography of O'Hara, and "Lopez's Expeditions," published by The Filson Club, No. 21, this series.]

_Ormsby._

_Orr_ (Danish). A parish in Kirk and Brightshire.

_Orr._ Norse, Orri (heathcock tetras tetrix).

_Orth._

_Osborne._

_Owen_, from St. Owen, near Caen.

_Palmer._

_Patterson_, the son of Patricius (vide Lower).

_Paul._

_Payne._

_Paynter_ (de Peyntre). Thos. H. Paynter, United States Senator from Kentucky.

_Pearce._

_Peed._

_Peel_, Pele, Norman, 1180. Peels of Yorkshire and Lancashire, ancestors of Sir Robert Peel.

_Peers._

_Pelham._

_Percy._

_Perry_, or Perrie.

_Peters_ and _Peter_ (Pierre). Doctor Thomas Lounsbury, who combines erudition most agreeably with common sense, says in a recent paper that at particular periods there is manifested a feeling of "hostility" to certain words. We have an illustration of this in the history of the proper name _Peter_, which, as one of the philologists tells us, "at one time was odious to English ears." For example, we find in the statistical nomenclature of Wiltshire only sixteen Peters to ninety-two Johns, and the ratio elsewhere in other shires or districts is about the same. Yet we find many traces of Peter or Pierre (the original French form) in other names, as Pears, Peers, Pars, etc. Peter has been a prolific propagator of patronymics in spite of its temporary eclipse; Peterson, Pearson, Peterman, Pierson, etc. It does not seem to have recovered its early popularity, or to be able to stand alone; but with desinences attached it takes and retains its old position, as in Perkins, Peterkin, Perrins, Perrutts, etc. It is a buoyant, resilient Norman vocable with the characteristic Norman facility of assimilation. This one surname covers many others.

_Pettit._

_Peyton._

_Philpot._

_Picard_, Pykart, Pecor, Pecar.

_Pickett._ (Picot.)

_Pinckard._

_Pirtle._ Norman French. A diminutive of "Pert"; is common in the arrondissement of Bayeux.

_Pitt._ Taine's ideal type of an Englishman was William Pitt, who is thus described by that admirable observer: "Sometimes," in his rounds of observation, he "detects the physiognomy of Pitt; the slight face, impressive and imperious; the pale and ardent eyes; the look which shines like the gleam of a sword. The man is of a finer mould, but his will is only the more incisive and firmer; it is iron transformed into steel." Contrast this portraiture of Pitt with his pictures of the taurine type of Englishman.

That munificent English savant, General Pitt-Rivers, is of the same Norman stock. He was a gallant soldier in the Crimean War.

_Plunkett._

_Poague._

_Pollitt._

_Porter._

_Potter._

_Potts._

_Poyntz_, or Ponz, a branch of Fitz-Poyntz, Ponz, tenant D. B. Nicholas Printz held land in Gloucestershire, temp. K. John. Under _Poyntz_, Lower says, Walter Julius Ponz, a tenant in chief at the time of the Norman survey, was son of Walter Ponz, a noble Norman. The surname Poyntz may be traced from Normandy through England and Virginia to Kentucky.

Many years before the establishment in Kentucky of a club or society with a roving commission for historic research, there dwelt in the northern highlands of the Bluegrass region a sagacious and successful cattle-breeder, who was a practical student of pedigrees and had put the knowledge thus acquired to a profitable use. _All_ of his theories would not have been accepted by Weismann; nor, on the other hand, would all of Weismann's theories been accepted by _him_. The conclusions which lay nearest his special vocation had been carefully "applied" after his own fashion, and he was satisfied with the results. Francis Galton, himself, had no better grounds for belief in the laws of heredity.

He was a Kentuckian of the early type--not unlike the Kentuckians and Virginians that the English traveler, Mr. Pym Fordham, describes in a series of letters from the South and West. His mental gifts and pleasing manners, to say nothing of his commanding stature, not only made him conspicuous, but wherever he went assured him welcome and the right of way. There was a look of quiet resourcefulness in the man. His facial contour was striking. The features, seen in profile, were large, strong, and regular, and their impressiveness was notably enhanced by a broad, flowing beard with the same reddish tinge that brightened his locks of long brown hair. His eye was steady, soft, and penetrating--noting everything, overlooking nothing. His complexion was peculiar--not "ruddy" or glowing from daily exposure, at all seasons, in the open air, but of an almost bloodless hue; as colorless, at least, and as clear as if untouched by sun, or wind, or rain, in his active routine of life upon a Bluegrass ranch. It was the life of a man whose time was largely given to observation and thought; and as one might suppose, he had an ample field for the indulgence of his studious tastes. His special line of work was the propagation of "high-grade" cattle by crossing our native stock with fine imported strains.

In our pastoral mid-century days the casual traveler passing along a mountain road in the Red River region of Eastern Kentucky could not have failed to observe, in the great forests that cast their dense shadows as far as the headwaters of Buckhorn, large herds of native cattle that browsed and "drowsed" in the shade of those deep Druidic woods. If the traveler were a man of the English race, and as well informed and observant as a traveler should be, he would say at once, "These cattle are in no degree akin to the English blood-stock which I have seen in the Bluegrass lowlands of the State. They are wholly unlike; their 'lines' are wholly different,--size, shape, coloring, deer-like delicacy of structure and peculiar curve of horn; nothing in their construction is heavy or cumbrous except the deep, rich golden udders of the kine. They remind one of no familiar English stock. They are not Durhams nor Herefords, nor Devons. Are they not _Alderneys_?" At all events, this was the native stock from which our practical Bluegrass theorist obtained his "high-grade" cattle, by crossing it judiciously with fine imported strains from the Channel Isles. The results were all that could be desired. The half-grade cattle were scarcely distinguishable from the imported stock, and if the milk was not so "rich," the quantity was much larger. The same was true of the _uncrossed_ mountain stock which was brought to Kentucky by the "comelings" of the Eighteenth Century, and was never a "degenerate" stock in any practical sense. The "deer-like" structure of the mountain cow came partly from environment and partly from race. It was one of the rough-hewn maxims of mountain husbandry--"The best milker is a cow with a little foot,"--a foot that can thread the brushiest "cove" or climb the airiest height to crop the nutrient herbage that makes the nutritious milk. The succulent "pea-vine" made the milk; the tissue-forming "mast" or acorn made the meat. The little-footed heifer had the freedom of the range; and, by some subtle morphologic law, the locomotive organ that was small, firm, and well-shaped seemed to imply or determine the full symmetric development of _thorax_ and _brain_ and an easy, unobstructed operation of the functions associated with both. The loyal mountaineer of the old stamp was chauvinistic to the core. Though fifty years have passed, he still grows eloquent when he recalls the "fighting bulls" and the flowing pails of his boyhood days. A handsome, vivacious Highlander of this class--a gentleman of marked Gallic aspect and scion of an early pioneer stock--recently boasted to the writer, and almost in the language of the Vergilian swain (_bis venit ud mulctram_), that old "White-face" came regularly to the pail twice a day--yielding six gallons in two milkings. These mountain kine were not large; but they were gentle, spirited, clean-limbed, fine-haired, and carried in their generous udders an abundance of wholesome milk. They bore indelible marks of race. Had they been larger, they might have remained to this day an untraveled stock. Their size favored easy transportation, and the canny emigrant made note of the fact. As a consequence of this demand from emigrants, no doubt, great numbers of cattle were shipped from the Channel Islands to England in the early decades of the Nineteenth Century--a circumstance which completely answers the assumption that our mountain cattle were derived originally from an English stock. For many years the name "Alderney" was applied without discrimination to all cattle imported from the _Anglo-Norman islands_ of the English Channel--islands which England has held with an iron grip since the Conqueror brought them under English rule. The thrifty islanders--descendants of the old Norman stock and for years clinging tenaciously to the old Norman dialect--are now true Anglo-Normans, making daily proclamation of their loyalty to the English crown, and, until a very recent period, always in Anglo-Norman French.

Only this then remains to be said. A thoughtful Bluegrass cattle-breeder, bearing a distinctively Anglo-Norman name that had come down from Normandy--through England and Virginia to Kentucky[14]--and bearing in his own person characteristics and distinctive marks of his Anglo-Norman descent--utterly indifferent to "ethnological" theories and absolutely unconscious of his own descent from the Anglo-Norman race, is convinced--not by "herd-books" or historic pedigrees--but simply and solely by the evidence of his own eyes, that a certain native stock of cattle in the mountains of Kentucky were merely an _earlier importation than his own_ from the Anglo-Norman islands of the English Channel. He had the courage to put his theory to the touch of practical experimentation, and the astonished "experts" at the great cattle-fairs of the country bore generous testimony to the quality of his work.

[14] John Baldwin Poyntz. Norman name _Poyntz_ in alphabetical list.

If such conclusions are fairly deducible from an imperfect or incomplete study of a race of CATTLE in the mountain region of Kentucky, why should a logical mind discredit like conclusions resting upon testimony that is singularly cumulative and convergent in regard to a contemporaneous race of MEN that is historically traceable from Normandy--through England and Virginia--to the same or a similar physical environment in that same State of Kentucky? Could there be a better example of cumulative verification?

_Preston._ General William Preston, "The Last of the Cavaliers."

_Pyle._

_Quantrell_, or Quantrall.

_Quarrier._

_Quay_, or Kay.

_Quincey._

_Raines._

_Rankin._

_Ransome._

_Raynes_, or Rains.

_Reine._

_Respess_, Respis, Res-bisse, Respeig, Respisch.

One of the seconds of Casto in the famous Metcalfe-Casto duel was Colonel Thomas A. Respess, of Mason, a member of the Kentucky bar, and associated for many years with the distinguished jurist and author Judge Richard H. Stanton (Stanton and Respess). Colonel Respess is an able and scholarly man, and retains, at a very advanced age, the conversational brilliancy of his prime.

_Reynolds._

_Riaud_ (pronounced Ree-o). An old Virginian name, of French derivation. In Norman records the name is _Riau_, not _Riaud_, the terminal "d" in the latter form representing the "territorial" particle in the original name; thus _Riau_ de Alençon; _Riau_ d'Alençon; _Riaud_. By syllabic transposition (as Mackall, Almack) Riaud is now Orear--a well-known Kentucky name.

_Rich._ Riche was near Nancy, in Lorraine. John de Riches, Thirteenth Century. Riche, Riches; Richeson.

_Riddell._

_Roff._

_Roper._

_Ross._

_Roswell._

_Rowan._ John Rowan, a jurist and scholar; lived at "Federal Hill,"--_the Old Kentucky Home_.

_Rucker._

_Ruddell._

_Russell._

_Ryder._ Hreidarr (Norse).

_Ryder._ There was a Ryder in Mason County, who never _rode_, but was a great walker.

_Sandford._ Scandinavian, Sandefiorde.

_Sargeant._ Normandy, 1180; England, 1198.

_Savage._

_Scott_, Governor of Kentucky.

_Schofield._

_Scudder._ Lower's orthography is "Skudder." On the very face it is Scandinavian, from the Danish _Skyde_, implying swiftness of motion. Scudder is a name that may with equal propriety be applied to a Scandinavian rover scudding over a sea of ice, or a Calvinistical divine scudding over a sea of thought. In either case he is a scudder.

_Search_ (for Church). Thomas de Cherches, Normandy, 1180.

_Searles._

_Sears._

_Shannon._

_Shreeve._

_Sidwell._

_Simms._

_Sinton_, Santon, Normandy, 1180.

_Smith_, originally Faber. A worker in iron and a maker of arms-- the leading industry of that day. The name Smith is a translation of Faber, and first appeared in the Thirteenth Century.

_Somers._

_Somerville._

_Speed._ Ivo de Spade, Normandy, 1180. John and Roger Sped, England, 1272. Attorney-General Speed; Captain Thomas Speed, soldier and writer; representing a Kentucky family of distinction and ability.

_Spurr._

_Stanhope._

_Stanley._

_Starling._

_Steele._

_Stewart._

_Stokes._

_Stout._

_Strange._

_Stuart._

_Taber._

_Talbot_, or Talebote and Taulbee, and Tallboy, are supposed to have the same derivation. From Talebois, or Taillebois, a name which goes back to the forests of Normandy, Taillis and Bois, apparently an equivalent for the English _Underwood_, from _Taillebois_, a cutter of taillis (underbrush). William Preston Taulbee is a typically Norman name.

Major William Taulbee was a soldier in the Mexican War and in the War between the States. Nine of his descendants are now in the military service of the United States, two of them graduates of West Point.

_Tanner._ Hugo de Tanur, Normandy, 1082.

_Taylor._ Hugo Taillor, Normandy 1180. A distinguished name in Kentucky. Soldiers, lawyers, physicians and bankers represent the various families of the State. General Zachary Taylor was a successful soldier who became President of the United States; he was a wealthy planter.

_Telford._

_Temple._

_Terrell._

_Terry._

_Thorne._

_Tibbetts._

_Todd._ A distinguished name in Kentucky--Mrs. Abraham Lincoln was of this stock. Colonel Charles Todd was minister to Russia. A gallant soldier in "1812."

_Tracy._

_Treble._

_Trepel._

_Tudor._ The Welsh form of Theodore--the "people's" warrior--a name which does not seem to have lost its original significance. Tudor is an old name in Kentucky.

_Turner._

_Turney._

_Tyler._

_Valingford_ (Norman French). The Conqueror passed through the town of Wallingford "in his winter march to the North." In its English form, an old name in Virginia and Kentucky and connected with the Ashbys, Mooreheads, Andersons, and Cabells.

_Valler_, or Waller. From Valeres, Normandy. De Valier, Valers, Waler, Walur, Waller. Sir William Waler, the Parliamentary General, was of this family. Henry le Wallere is found in the old records. Henry Waller, of Mason, was a lawyer of ability and distinction.

_Vick_, from the Fief of Vic, Normandy.

_Waddel._

_Wadsworth._ Records show that the name was spelled Wordisworth, Wardysworth, and Wadysworth; Wadsworth being the original form. Hugh de Wadsworth, Abbot of Roche, 1179, had a brother Henry. The family of De Wadsworth bore the arms of De Tilly, a family that was Norman and baronial.

_Walker._ Norse, Valka (a foreigner).

_Wall_ (de Valle). A prominent family in Kentucky. Judge G. S. Wall, of Mason, was one of the State Commissioners to the World's Fair (St. Louis).

_Wallan._

_Walton._ From near Evreux, Normandy.

_Warin_, or Waring. "Waring's Run," in Mason County, was named after Thomas Waring.

_Waring_, or Warin. Thomas Waring, a pioneer of Virginia, was the founder of "Waring's Station." His grandson, Edward Waring, was the "honor" man of his class at Centre College in 1860. One of his classmates (another young Norman) bore the same name in French--Guerrant. The traditional pronunciation of Waring is _War_-ing.

_Warren._

_Warrick._

_Ward._ From Gar or Garde, near Corbell, Isle of France; John de Warde, Norfolk, 1194. John Ward, Kirby Beadou, Fourteenth Century. Captain James Ward, a con temporary of Boone, was High Sheriff of Mason County for thirty years, and was practically "warden" of the marches from Bracken to the Virginian line. He was a man of high character and of unquestioned courage and capacity. His granddaughter, Mrs. Mary Ward Holton, is now a resident of Indianapolis. The late Judge Quincy Ward, of Harrison, and Quincy Ward, the famous sculptor, were scions of the same distinguished stock.

_Washington._ The President of the last Constitutional Convention in Kentucky was George Washington (a native of the State), who was connected by blood with George Washington of Mt. Vernon, General of the Continental armies, President of the United States, and sole proprietor of the famous Mt. Vernon Mills, which produced a brand of flour known as far south as the West Indies, and popular wherever known. The proprietor had an Anglo-Norman eye for trade, and nothing, it is said, interested him more than "the prices of flour and the operations of his mill." He naturally became the leader of a "commercial aristocracy" in Virginia. Miss Mary Johnson, in her charming description of early colonial life in the Old Dominion, notes the same commercial predilections in the Elizabethan pioneers. They were merchants as well as planters.

_Watterson._ (Norman.) Walter, Walters, Waterson, Henry Watterson, a journalist distinguished for Norman cleverness, buoyancy, spontaneity, enthusiasm, versatility, and absorptiveness.

_Welles._

_Willett._

_Willis_, from Wellis, a fief in Normandy.

_Willis._

_Willock_ (Walloche).

_Wingfield_ (Norman).

_Winn._

_Winsor._

_Winter_, for Vinter.

_Wise_ and Wiseman (Normandy).

_Withers_, Normandy, 1180.

_Wolf._

_Woodward_, Woodard. Oudard, Oudart (French).

_Worrell._ William Werel, Normandy, 1180. H. Werle, English, 1272.

_Wyatt._ There are Kentucky families connected with the Wyatts of Virginia.

_Wycliffe._ Seated at Wycliffe, Yorkshire, soon after the Conquest. The Kentucky Wickliffes are of this race. "Cripps" is a well known Norman name, and Beckham is a Scandinavian name, as Burnham, Dalham, Gresham, etc.

_Wyon._ Ralph Wyon, Normandy, 1180, also Wyand.

_Wray_, for Ray.

_Wroe_, for Roe--a Kentucky name.

_Youett_, for Jewitt.

_Young_, William Juven or Juvenis, Jouvin, 1178.

_Zealey_, for Sealey.

_Zissell_, for Sissel. See Cecil.

SOME VIRGINIA NAMES SPELLED ONE WAY AND CALLED ANOTHER

A very able and scholarly Virginian, Mr. B. B. Green, of Warwick, Virginia, has compiled a list from which we make the following selections:

Armistead Um´sted.
Baird Beard.
Berkely Barkly.
Blount Blunt.
Boswell Bos´ell.
Burwell Bur´rel.
Carter Cear´ter.
Chamberlaine Chamberlin.
Chisman Cheese´man.
Deneufville Donevel.
Didwiddie Dinwooddy
Drewry Druit.
Enroughty Darby!
Fauquier Faw´keer.
{ Fountain.
Fontaine { Fontin.
Garvin Goin.
Gibson Gipson.
Gilliam Gillum.
Gloucester Glaw´ster.
Gower Gore.
Haaughton }
Hawthorne } Hor´ton.
Hobson Hop´son.
James Jeames.
Jenkins Jin´kins.
Jordan Jur´dn.
Kean Kane.
Ker, Kerr, Carr Keaar.
Kirby Kearby.
Langhorne Langon.
Lawrence Lar´ance.
Maury Mur´ry.
Michaux Mish´er.
Montford, Munford Mumford.
Morton Mo´ton.
Napier Napper.
Perrott Parrot.
Piggot (from Picot) Picket.
Randolph Randal.
Roper Rooper.
Sandys Sands.
Sayer Saw´yer.
{ Slaughter.
Sclater { Slater.
Semple Sarm´ple.
Sewell, Seawell Sow´el.
Sinclair Sinkler.
Sweeny Swin´ny.
Taliaferro Toliver.
Timberlake Timberley.
Warwick Warrick.
Woodward Wood´ard.
Woolfolk Wool´fork.
Wyatt Wait.

"In living form,"--says Mr. Green, "are now to be heard in the Southwest, words and pronunciations which have remained unaltered at least since the time of Simon de Montfort." "The Virginian"--says the same writer--"has a good opinion of himself; is calm, well-balanced; is self-reliant, and has the English quality of not being afraid to take responsibility." In other words, his blood is Scandinavian or Norman, cooled by the icy currents of Wessex. A correspondent of the _Spectator_ (London) writes: "It is often asked what has become of old English families. I have just gathered white water-lilies from the fields of 'De Vere,' now known as _Diver_; one of my neighbors is 'Bohun' abbreviated into _Bone_; 'Roy,' a grand sample of the English laborer, was recently carried into the old church-yard; for many years I employed the tall and stately 'Plantagenet,' known on my labor books as _Plant_; a shop in the neighboring town is kept by 'Thurcytel,' the modern spelling being _Thirkettle_; 'Godwin,' the last of his race, died at a grand old age a year ago; 'Mortimer' buys my barley; and around me we have such names as Balding, Harrold, Rolf, Hacon, and Mallett."

INDEX

PAGE

ACLAND, Sir Henry, Physician, 13

ALFRED, King. "The grim-troubled" sea, 15

ALLEN, James Lane. "Summer in Arcady," 1

ANGLO-NORMAN orators and sheriffs, 29
leader, Boone or Bohun, 2
migration to Virginia, 25

ANGLO-SAXON. System of political administration not complex, but
solid and enduring.--"Yeoman" as depicted by Andrews.--No conception
of freedom in the modern sense.--His decadence.--His progenitors a
soldier race.--Incapacity for progress until the Norman came, 92
their ancestors "harried" the race they dispossessed.--"Harry" an old
Saxon word.--William learned the word and all that it implied.--He
harried with unsparing ferocity, not the Saxon, but his own kindred,
the Northumbrian Danes.--The devastation was never repaired until an
industrial civilization revived and regulated the ancient energies
of the race.--Elsewhere in England the Norman built at once upon the
Saxon's rude but solid work, 93

APPARATUS CRITICUS. Evolution of, by three Franch brains, Lamarck,
Sainte-Beuve, Taine, 51

"ARCADY," sons of. Impression upon their guest, Du Chaillu, 8
their social traits and habits, 8

ARGYLE, the Duke of, on genealogical origin of prominent Irish
leaders, 102

"ASSIMILATIVE" power of Elizabethan Englishmen (Barrett Wendell), 79

BATTLE ABBEY ROLL, 23

BISMARCK. Unifying the German people by "absorbing" a Scandinavian
population, 106

BLOOD OF NORMAN in obscure English families, 24
in Ireland, 24
in Kentucky, 25
in Scotland, 24
in "the States," 24
in Virginia (earliest migration), 25

"BLUE GRASS"; or a Poa found at the Straits of Magellan, 48
"a cosmopolitan grass" with peculiar affinity for the soil of
Kentucky.--The "grass" and the "race."--Opinion expressed by
a New England tourist, 49

BOONE, the explorer.--Early "trustee" of Maysville, 2
name derived from Bohun, 2

"BOURBON." Famous Kentucky distillate, 4

BRECKINRIDGE, John C. Vice-President United States, 14

BRITISH ASSOCIATION, 1889.--Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 10
discusses paper on Scandinavian origin of English race, 10

BRITISH savants stiff in opinion, 34

BRUCE, Doctor. Historian of Roman Wall, 13

BUCKNER, a Southern family (foot-note), 7
Elizabeth, maiden name of the Beautiful Scandinavian, 7

CARDENAS, battle of, 27, 28
Kentuckians cover retreat to the sea.--Chaplain of expedition
killed.--Liberators seize United States fort, 28

CARLISLE, Canon of, quoted.--English surnames are largely exotic.
Normandy, he says, was the source of supply.--What was the effect of
the "Conquest"?--Anglo-Saxon "grammar" survived, but the stately old
_nomenclature of the race_ was hopelessly smashed.--If comparative
grammar can deduce the history of the Anglo-Saxon tongue from the
habitual speech of an English plough-boy, what historic significance
is to be attached to the flood of Norman surnames that were "absorbed"
by the Saxon race?--The native speech survived because the dialects
which fed it were still living and intact, 141

CAVALIER. An original product of Normandy.--"The man on horseback," 47
Guild-hall collection of seals.--Equestrian figure, 48

"CAVALIERISM." Origin of the word, 46, 47

CELT, Normanized, or Scandinavian Celt.--"The Fighting Race," 24

CHILDE, Edward Lee. "Life of Robert E. Lee" (Paris, France, 1874), 46

CLARK, George Rogers, a Scandinavian general.--His "wintry marches"
in the Northwest, 88

COLERIDGE on England's insular position.--Its effect, 59

"COMMERCIAL ARISTOCRACY," 29

COMPARISON of the two races, Norman and Saxon.--Origin of the
discussion, 127

COURTHOUSE (Maysville, Kentucky).--Description of.--Du Chaillu
received at, 2

CRAFT (says Mr. Freeman) is the dominant quality of the Norman
character, 131
popular recognition of the fact.--The winning cards, 132

CRAIK, Doctor George, an eminent British scholar, 34
Eastern and Northern England from middle of the Ninth Century as
much Danish as English, 35 says English "more Scandinavian
(Danish or Swedish) than the modern German," 34 Scandinavian
dialect imported by invading bands in Fifth and Sixth Centuries,
35 views on a Norman migration, 36

DANES (who were English Normans) fiercely opposed their kinsman, the
Norman invader, 109
every step obstinately contested in Northumbria, 109
Northumbria the birth-place of the Puritan and the Virginian (vide
Wendell and Fiske), 86
the Dane's (or English Norman's) passionate love of freedom, 111

DAVIS, Thomas A., 9

DAWKINS, Boyd. "Cave Hunter," 13
a warm debate (Newcastle), 18

DESHA, Governor. Reference to corporations, 68

DISRAELI repeats the miracle of Lanfranc, 103
Gaston Phoebus as a Gascon noble, 105
his philosophic insight, 104
Monsignore Berwick and his inherited traits, 104
nature's reproduction of type, 105, 129
temp. Louis le Grand, 105
the Southern "Colonel" with a Norman name, 105

DONCASTER RACES: Chitabob and Donovan--North against South.--Deep
popular interest.--Wagner and Grey Eagle in Kentucky.--Extremes
touch, 42, 43

DU CHAILLU, Paul. Explorer's visit to Maysville, Kentucky, 3
committee of reception (foot-note), 9
date of visit to Kentucky (1876), 9
description of hosts, 6
encounter with gorilla, 6
entertained by Limestone Club, 4
his re-discovery of La Nouvelle France, 9
interest in "the Beautiful Scandinavian," 7
lecture at Courthouse, 3
personal description of, 5-7
"take a horn"--Du Chaillu, 122
verifies the observations of Maltebrun, 121
vivid description of, 6

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR established intimate relations between England
and Normandy, 36

EFFRENATISSIMA. _Effrenatus_ use by Cicero, 28

ELIZABETH TUDOR and Henry the Eighth, 77-79
her recognition of the people, 78

"ELIZABETHAN" Englishmen, the Kentuckians are (Professor Shaler), 26

ENGLISH farmer of Anglo-Norman type.--Resemblance to Norman farmer of
present day, 29

ENGLISH FOLK. Professor Shaler quoted, 25
"largest body of nearly pure English" found in Kentucky, 25

ENGLISHMAN, the Elizabethan. When the elements balanced, his
evolution was complete, 128

EVANS, Sir John. Writer on archæology, 13

EXAMPLES of atavism or reversion. The Scottish blood (which was the
"dominant" in the Berwick cross) by a gradual process of selection
from continuous or intermittent variations comes at last to the
front; first manifested, no doubt, in the invigoration of the moral
quality, and finally in a physical "mutation"--a return to the
original or characteristic color of eyes and hair in the paternal
gens. The theory of transmission or inheritance of moral and
physical traits in Gaston Phoebus from the Gascon noble is not
materially different.--The problem of "three" bodies (really two)
in the genesis of the _Englishman_, though apparently more complex,
is essentially the same, the "dominant" factor in the process being
_Norman_ or _Norse_.--Whether the explanation be convincing or not,
beyond all question it shows that the Darwinian "scientist" lacks
the simplicity of the Disraelitish seer, 104

FACILE PRINCEPS--An English estimate generally accepted in
Kentucky, 135

FAMILY NAMES, BRITISH. Families bearing Norman names unconscious of
their origin, 117
names now accounted _English_ were originally _Norman_.--The proof of
this exists in two countries (England and Normandy) in practically
contemporary records, 118
one Norman name upon an English record after the Conquest might be
_suggestive_; five thousand names would be almost conclusive.--A
legal maxim quoted, 118
this basis of record proof for purposes of comparison unique, 118

FISKE, John. On "ethnic differentiation."--The Aryan brothers far
apart, 58
New England founded by East Anglian or Scandinavian Englishmen, 87
the East Anglian's hatred of tyranny and passion for freedom of
thought, 87

FREEMAN, Edward A., says Norman a "born soldier" and "a born
lawyer," 27

GALTON, SIR FRANCIS. Writer on Heredity, 13

GENS EFFRENATISSIMA (Malaterra), 27

GENTILHOMME, translated "gentleman."--England indebted to Normandy
for the word, 46

GOTHIC RACES. First seen in an historic twilight, 108
a great racial march or movement across Europe in parallel
columns, 110
a Scandinavian naval station, with dry docks, 112
"a wild and arid nurse," 111
description of the peninsular (Scandinavia) _milieu_, 111
difficulty of following the Gothic trail in their early Asian
home.--Modern illustrations of this Asian mystery.--Warring nations
of the same race.--Teuton and Goths.--Yenghees in the North, Dixees
in the South.--Divided and belligerent, but racially the same, 109
drift in the eddies of an archipelagic sea.--What became of it? 114
ethnic differentiation.--Why should the _Norseman_ differ from the
kindred _Teuton_ in the south? 111
from the Caspian Sea to the mouths of the Elbe and Rhine, 110
he ravages the shores of Northumbria and the rivers of France, 113
loitering along the shores of the Baltic.--Peopling Denmark, the
Danish Islands, and the Scandinavian Peninsula, 110
their Asian migrations veiled by the mists of time, 109
who were the original "comelings" on English soil? 116
William the Conqueror--fifth in descent from Rolf Ganger, the
freebooting admiral of the Northern Seas, 113

GREEN, Colonel Thomas M., author of "The Spanish Conspiracy," 9

GREEN, Thomas Marshall, an accomplished speaker, introduces M. Du
Chaillu to the audience, 9

HAMILTON--JEFFERSON--LINCOLN, 77

HAMLET. A psychological epitome of his race (Danish).--The historic
or legendary basis of the character.--The "original" of the character
in its intellectual aspects was afamous French scholar and
essayist.--His character and tastes.--His literary work.--The favorite
writer of Shakespeare, 96
advice to Kentuckians who take themselves "too seriously" from a
philosophic observer who sometimes, it is thought, did not take
things _seriously enough_.--Essentially a modern thinker, 97, 98

HARDY, THOMAS, the novelist, 23
his views in "Tess," a powerful work of fiction, 23

HENGIST AND HORSA, 45

INEZ. An allusion to Hood's poem, "O saw ye not Fair Inez?"
(foot-note), 7

ISAAC LE BON and a Virginian "cross."--The differentiating
quality, 105, 129

KENTON, Pioneer.--Commissioner of Roads for Mason County, 2
a famous hunter.--Name in State enactments spelled _Canton_, no doubt
as then pronounced, 2

KENTUCKIAN, the. Loves a "good cross," 129
Kentuckians and Normans; points of resemblance between the derivative
and the original stocks, 133
not a weak vessel, 130
transmission of characteristic traits, 130

KENTUCKY. Lawless elements.--Origin and distribution, 59
Anglo-Norman juries.--A technical defense, 60
political assassination.--Murder as an administrative art, 60
statecraft; enterprise in war.--"A little nation," 106

"KING'S MOUNTAIN," The Man of, 25

LAMARCK, the famous French savant; referred to in conjunction with
Taine and Sainte-Beuve, _naturaliste des esprits_.--"I began my
intellectual life," says Sainte-Beuve, "with Lamarck and the
physiologists," 51

LANFRANC, the scholar, 36
effects of his work still visible, 36
restrains William Rufus and Odo of Bayeux, 36

LAW. The Norman of Malaterra and "the forms of law," 28

LEE, LIONEL, accompanies Richard of the Lion-Heart in Third Crusade,
at the head of a company of _gentilhommes_, 46

LEXICON OF NAMES. A marvelous number and variety of facts. What theory
best explains these facts in their relations? A clear judicial faculty
required to recognize the force of the cumulative verification, 136

LIBRARY, FREE, Newcastle, 13
a group of savants, 13
Anthropological Section meets at, 13
personal description of, 13

LIMESTONE CLUB, entertainment by, 3

LIMESTONE, phosphatic; basis of Bluegrass region, 2

LONDON TIMES. A contemporary estimate of Du Chaillu's views. An organ
that forms, reflects, and fixes opinion.--Question of the origin and
migration of races.--"Time ripe for a new investigation," 39
letter from Du Chaillu to Times containing challenge to skeptical
archæologists, 39, 40

LONGFELLOW, the poet, 12
Kentucky racer, 12
Norwegian barque named, 12

LOPEZ at Cardenas, 27, 28

LOUIS NAPOLEON. Places an Austrian Prince on the Mexican throne to
unify the Latin race.--Its effect, 106

MACKINTOSH, DOCTOR JOHN. "The man of King's Mountain," 25

MALATERRA, Geoffrey. Describes the Norman in his original habitat, 27

MANNEN, Major Thomas H., 9

MARSHALL, General Humphrey. Notably large head, 123
his aide and secretary Captain Guerrant, 124

MARSH, George P., quoted.--Peculiarities of Scandinavian tongues
observed in English.--"Irreconcilable discrepancies," 45

MID-CENTURY FIGURES, 30
a masculine type, 32

MONTAIGNE, the French essayist.--A quaint story with a cogent
moral, 98-100

MONTALEMBERT. His "Monks of the West."--Estimate of the Saxon, 125

MORGAN, GENERAL JOHN. His command remarkable for military
qualities.--The opinion of Captain Shaler, 124
Commodore Morgan presents "Yorkshire" to Henry Clay, 44

NAMES, the lesson of, 37
additions to list, 126
notes, 133
Virginian names. Alphabetical series of, 101

NANSEN, Fridjof. Arctic Explorer, 15

NAPOLEON. The English _un peuple marchand_, 29
as an administrator, 6

NELSON, General William. Description of, 32
large head, 123

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, 10
Anthropological "Section" organized at (1863), 12
British Association meets at, 10
"carrying coals" to, 11
description of, 10
industrial progress, 10
northern cattle market, 11
Northumbrian vitality and vigor, 11

NEWPORT, Captain of _Sea Adventure_.--Vice-Admiral of Virginia, 81

NORMAN EXCHEQUER, Great Rolls of, 22
juxtaposition of with English records, 22

NORMANIZED KENTUCKIAN who has "assimilated" everything Norman but
the _name_, 134

NORMANS distinguished from all other nations by their _craft_
(E. A. Freeman), 63, 131
leaders in England, France, America, 102
the Norman in his ethnical transformation act, 103
this Norman _craft_ akin in many respects to the "cuteness" and
cleverness attributed to the American people, 63, 102

NORMAN SURNAMES, alphabetical series of. ("The Norman People"), 23

NORMAN RACE, 20
Conquest of England by, 21
desperate and prolonged struggle, 21
flow of migration _post bellum_, 21, 22
great historic march of the Norman people, 124
is it a "lost" race?, 20
memorials of, 20
The Continental recruiting ground, 21

NORTH AND SOUTH. Traits in common, 80

NORTHMEN in communication with peoples of the Mediterranean, 16
England one of their northern lands, 16
language of, similar to English of early times, 16
their settlements in Britain during Roman occupation, 16
they were bold and enterprising navigators at a time when neither
the Saxons nor Franks were "sea-faring" people, 17

NORTHUMBRIAN INDUSTRIES, 11

ODERICUS VITALIS (an English writer) on the illiteracy of his
countrymen at the time of the Conquest, 35

ORPHAN BRIGADE. Captain Shaler's estimate of, 124

OTTO the Saxon and William the Norman.--Conflicting missions, 108
the shadowy background of the Norman Conquest.--Formative period
of Western Europe (foot-note), 108

OWENS, COLONEL FRANCIS P., 9

"OYEZ!" of Anglo-Norman sheriffs, 30

PERRY, Commodore. Furnishes "sea power" in 1812.--Aide to Governor
Shelby.--Perry's sea-guns sighted by riflemen from Kentucky, 107

PHILOLOGIST, The. His proper field, 125

PIONEER COMMONWEALTH, "Genesis of a", 83

PIRATES, Scandinavian. Transmission of traits to English within
historic times, 41

PITT RIVERS, general, soldier, and savant, 14

PROFANITY. The Normans "fond of oaths."--Rollo and Carolus Stultus, 63
a regulator of the nerves, 71
Ben Briler damned.--Desha on corporations, 68
Colonel Robert Blanchard and the "burnt cork" minstrels. Description
of the entertainment.--"Hell's fire, Bob."--Conditions of life in
the early West recalling the times of the Plantagenet kings (Barrett
Wendell), 69, 70
"damned Yankee"--the two words fused by the fires of war, 64
early Kentuckians (like Shakespeare's soldier) "full of strange
oaths," 64
fireside swearing in the auld lang syne, 67
General William Nelson.--His strong swearing instincts, 72
"God dern" not a Virginian oath, 74
imprecation upon a seller of inherited slaves.--Parody on famous
line from Villon.--The dusky bondsmen of the past, 67
King William's oath at Alençon--Profanity of the Virgin Queen.--"A
very drab."--"The Virginians addicted to oaths"
(Fordham).--Attenuated oaths, 65
Pecksniff's "wooden damn," 73
Stonewall Jackson.--Jubal Early.--Governor Scott, of
Kentucky.--Uncle Toby's oath.--Bolling Stith.--George Washington
(foot-note), 66
"The Blue Light Elder."--"Does a Puritan swear?" 72
the devout Moslem.--Jean Gotdam (Bardsley), 73
the Master's Call, 68
the modern passion for "good form," 70
the oath in court.--The vulgar "cuss-word."--The conversational
"swear," 71
the slinking figure of the iconoclast, 74
Washington, when deeply angered, _swore_.--The Attorney-General of
Charles II "damns the souls" of the Virginian Commissioners to
stimulate their commercial instincts, 75

QUATRAIN. (A Tennysonian Parody), 18, 134

RACE between Wagner and Grey Eagle, 43

RACIAL TRANSFORMATION. In England; Ireland; France; the United
States, 102

RETROSPECT, a brief, 135

ROLF GANGER, the Scandinavian rover.--The world before him where to
choose.--Scandinavian place-names, 108

ROMANES, GEORGE. Interpreter of Darwin, 14
description of appearance, 14

ROME, the Man of Ancient, 129

ROWENA, LADY, 31

SAINTE-BEUVE, the French critic. Reference to, 51

SALISBURY PLAIN.--Political birth of the English people, 78
researches among Scandinavians of Northern States.--Psychological
distinctions, 95

SANDYS, Sir Edwin. Author of the earliest political charters, 82

SAXON, The. Came directly from the southeastern shores and islands of
the North Sea, and is remotely of Gothic descent: The _Dane_ from
Denmark and the Danish islands, and is directly of Scandinavian
descent; the Norman, remotely Gothic, is immediately
Scandinavian.--The conclusion inevitable, not that we are
_Scandinavians_, but that we are deeply _Scandinavianized_, and that
there is a _preponderance_ of _Scandinavian_ blood in the English
race, 119
a regulative element lacking in Stevenson's duplex monstrosity,
_Jekyll_ and _Hyde_.--Norman and Saxon, 120
Mr. Bart Kennedy in London _Mail_: Racially, the Kentuckian _facile
princeps_, 120
Stevenson and Disraeli as writers, 120
the Kentuckian of Virginian descent a practically definite ethnical
product, 119

SCANDINAVIA and Kentucky. Relations between the two, 45
cranial measurements of Scandinavians, 56

SCANDINAVIAN origin of English people, 15
animated debate in Anthropological Section, 17
description of scene, 18
outline of theory, 17
Scandinavians infused a spirit of enterprise into the English people
they have never lost, 17
"Scot, the indomitable."--The Lowland Race, 24
sensational paper on (British Association), 17

SCANDINAVIAN population of the Northern States.--Their energy and
brains, 57
possible fusion of with Scandinavians of the Virginian States to
form a Continental empire.--Description of Scandinavians by
Maltebrun, 57

SCHOLARSHIP, philosophic, seldom narrow and never offensive, 128

SCOTT, SIR WALTER. His romances popular in Kentucky, 121

"SCYTHIAN hand and foot." A Scandinavian peculiarity transmitted to
the Norman and the Anglo-Dane, 57

"SEA ADVENTURE" wrecked on Devil's Island.--Captain Newport, 81

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. "Cromwellian Days," 81

SHAKESPEARE and Virginia, 81
Shakespeare's English friends, 82
Shakespeare's portrayal of the Anglo-Norman kings, 94, 95

SHALER, Professor (Harvard). Conclusions drawn from Gould's
measurements, 123
on "English Folk" in Kentucky, 25

SNORRO STURLESON, Laing's note to; quoted by Lytton, 56

SPECTACLE. The most dramatic in history (Du Chaillu), 129

SPENCER, HERBERT. Disappearance of Celtic type in the United
States, 105

ST. ALDEGONDE, the English "Swell," 134

STANTON, Captain Clarence L., 9

TAINE, Hippolyte. Description of English types--"Male" and
"Female."--"Carnivorous regime" or "Conformation of race"?--Mentions
more attractive types.--The women described by Shakespeare and
Dickens, and the noble historic type represented by William Pitt, 51-53
"erubescent bashfulness" a racial peculiarity, 54

TAYLOR, Isaac Canon, description of, 14
Impromptu parody by, 18

TURNER, Sir William. Reads paper at British Association (Newcastle,
'89) on the Weismann Theory.--First public appearance of the theory
in English scientific circles, 13, 55
Sir William did not accept the theory in full.--The hereditary
tendency in harmony with the theory of natural selection, 55

TYPES OF BEAUTY in Kentucky, 31

UNITED STATES, genesis of. Beginnings of a great conflict, 83
Anglo-Spanish conflict closed by Dewey and Schley, 83
first Republic in New World (Dr. Alexander Brown), 84

VIKINGS of the West. Control of the Mississippi, 85
California appropriated by force "under legal forms," 85
Cuba. Disastrous attempts at annexation. Prospective annexation on
the old lines, 85
passion for territorial expansion, 85
Vikings: who were they?, 86

VIRGINIA. Mason County settled by planters from, 2
"Piedmont" Virginia, 2
Virginia and the Virginian States, 39
Virginia peopled by English countryfolk (Anglo-Danes), 57

WALL, Mrs. Elizabeth Wall (Portrait), 7
Judge Garrett S. Wall, 9

WARREN, CHARLES DUDLEY. Visit to Kentucky, 51

WASHINGTON, George, of Anglo-Norman blood. Effigies of cavalier on
Great Seal of Confederate States, 48
Jared Sparks derives the _family_ of Washington from William de
Hertburn, who came into possession of "Wessington" (Washington),
County Durham, prior to 1183. The _family_ soon after assumed the
_name_ of Washington. The de Hertburns, who took the name of the
place in Durham, were a Norman family. A Teutonic clan (says
Freeman) gave the name _Wascingas_ to a village in the North of
England. From this name of a mark, or village, came the name of a
_family_--WASHINGTON; Ferguson deriving the name of Washington from
_Wass_ (an Anglo-Saxon), a derivation which Lower (one of the best
authorities) says is clearly untenable. Ferguson derives the name
Gustavus Vasa (a Swede) from _huass_, keen, bold (old Norse). Not an
unworthy etymon (he says) for _two_ great names--Gustavus Vasa and
Washington. The first _de Washington_ (says the judicious Lower) was
much more likely _a Norman_ who came in with the Conquest, and took
the name which came with the estate.

WENDELL, PROFESSOR BARRETT (Harvard), on early life in the West, 70
dominant traits of the Elizabethan Englishman--Puritan and
Virginian, 79, 80
his "Literary History of America," 78

WHITE, ANDREW D. Excerpt from address on "High Crime in the United
States," 61

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. Administrative methods and machinery, 77
"A lover of peace"; Roger of Wendover quoted, 89
descendant of Scandinavian jarls, 87
effect upon France, 91
embodied the characteristic traits of his race, 87
_English Unity_ permanently established upon Salisbury Plain. The
foundations of feudalism destroyed.--England made "one and
indivisible," 93
physical characteristics.--Vigor and endurance tested in wintry
campaigns, 88
progenitor of Virginian "Cavalier," 87
sovereign and subject cast in same mould.--The Norman a race
separate and apart, yet mingling with all.--Capacity for
colonization.--Their sovereign the most successful colonizer in
French history.--A lost art in France.--How to repair the loss, 90
the Norman's Conquest of England transferred the capacity for
colonization to the English race, 91
the Norman's system of administration rested upon a Saxon basis, 92
the wild king's passion for war and the chase, 88
William's gift of political "visualization," 94
he established a principle (_unity_); he "created a nation"; he
founded a line of Anglo-Norman Princes.--Shakespeare's dramatic
characterization of the _Anglo-Norman Kings_.--The significance
of his work, 94, 95

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR and Waltheof.--A judicial murder by a Norman
king.--A secret assassination by a Saxon Earl, 61

"WOLF LARSEN." Character depicted by Jack London, 32
a physical counterpart in "Bull" Nelson, 32

WOLSELEY, Lord. "The Americans a race of English-speaking
Frenchmen," 63

WYON. Anglo-Norman Englishman of Norman origin.--Engraver to the
Queen.--Engraved seal of the Confederacy, 48

"YORKSHIRE" blood in Kentucky. Transmitted traits, 44
George P. Marsh quoted, 45
peculiarities of dialect, 44

"YORKSHIRE," Imported. Gift from Commodore Morgan to Henry Clay, 44

_Zen Mays_ and _Poa Pratensis_, 49

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes

Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.

Variations in spelling, hyphenation and accents are as in the original.

Page 67. "_Mais où sont les nègres a'antan?_" changed to d'antan.

Page 145. "_Baldwin_, Normandy, William Baldwinus, 1180; Robert, 1183; England, 3116." 3116 changed to 1316.

Page 154. "_Boles_, a form of Boles." The 2nd Boles changed to Boels.

Italics are represented thus, _italic_.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Quest for a Lost Race, by Thomas E. Pickett