Chapter II: Part 2

The opossum occurs throughout Tamaulipas but is commonest in the south, especially in the areas of tropical forest and along water courses. Most of the specimens examined were caught in steel traps baited with remains of small animals (mostly mammals and birds, but one trap was baited with the head of a black bass). At Villa Mainero five individuals were caught in one night in five of seven traps scented with spilogale musk. These traps were set in runways along a thick thorn-brush fence, which separated a cornfield from thorn-brush desert. Along the Rio Purificacion 36 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Victoria an opossum was eaten in a trap by a small carnivore, probably a felid judging from tracks around the trap.

A female with 14 pouch young was taken in June in the Sierra de Tamaulipas and weighed 1350 grams; a March-taken female with nine small young in her pouch, from Soto la Marina, weighed 1800 grams. A male from the Sierra de Tamaulipas also weighed 1800 grams.

=Didelphis marsupialis californica= Bennett

1833. _Didelphis Californica_ Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 40, May 17, type locality restricted to Sonora by
Hershkovitz (_infra_).

1951. _Didelphis marsupialis californica_, Hershkovitz
Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31(47):548, July
10.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeastern part of state,
north at least to Soto la Marina.

In studying Tamaulipan specimens, I was mindful that Hershkovitz (1951:550) regarded all opossums of this species in Mexico as a single subspecies, even though J. A. Allen (1901) recognized two subspecies in the northeastern part of the Republic. According to Allen (p. 172), _D. m. texensis_ (to which he ascribed a distribution in Texas and adjoining Tamaulipas) was described as: "Similar in coloration to _D. marsupialis_ (_typica_) [_D. m. californica_], but with a relatively longer tail, longer nasals, usually terminating posteriorly in an acute angle, instead of being rounded or more or less abruptly truncated on the posterior border." The available material from Tamaulipas can be divided into two groups on the basis of shape and proportion of the nasals. In opossums from the southeast the nasals are truncate posteriorly and average 47.0 (45.1-48.4) per cent of the condylobasal length, whereas in specimens from elsewhere the nasals are acute posteriorly and average 50.7 (49.7-51.8) per cent of the condylobasal length. Tentatively, therefore, I follow Allen in recognizing two subspecies in northeastern Mexico.

I note no especial difference in length of tail between _texensis_ and _californica_. Hooper (1951:3) followed Hershkovitz in reporting as _californica_ a specimen from Rancho del Cielo; to me, specimens from this area are referable to _texensis_.

One of the specimens from two miles south and 10 miles west of Piedra (54917) has a supernumerary tooth lingual and anterior to the last upper molar. The tooth is small (2.7 mm. long) and peglike.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 8: 3 mi. N
Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 12,000 ft., 7.

Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:234); Altamira
(J. A. Allen, 1901:167).

=Didelphis marsupialis texensis= J. A. Allen

1901. _Didelphis marsupialis texensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Hist., 14:172, June 15, type from Brownsville,
Cameron County, Texas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern, central and
southwestern parts of state.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: San
Fernando, 180 ft., 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; 36 km. N,
10 km. W Cd. Victoria (1 km. E El Barretal), on Rio
Purificacion, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido
Santa Isabel (12 km. S Llera), 2 km. W Pan-American Highway,
2000 ft., 1; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 1.

Additional records: Matamoros (J. A. Allen, 1901:173); El
Mulato, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:249); Rancho del Cielo
(Hooper, 1953:3).

=Philander opossum pallidus= (J. A. Allen)

Four-eyed Opossum

1901. _Metachirus fuscogriseus pallidus_ J. A. Allen, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:215, July 3, type from Orizaba,
Veracruz.

1955. _Philander opossum pallidus_, Miller and Kellogg,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 205:8, March 3.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from along eastern
side of Sierra Madre Oriental, north to vicinity of La
Purisima.

In Tamaulipas, the four-eyed opossum is seemingly common at relatively low elevations in the Tropical Deciduous Forest along the eastern side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, but the species is not restricted to this area as one specimen is available from a place seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima, in the drier forest of west-central Tamaulipas. The highest elevation at which individuals have been taken in the state is approximately 2500 feet.

Specimens obtained two kilometers west of El Carrizo were caught in steel traps that were baited with the bodies of small birds and mammals and that were set in trails leading through a fence of piled logs that separated a cornfield from adjacent forest. At Rancho Pano Ayuctle, some individuals were trapped in steel sets baited with scraps of meat; others were shot at night in the forest along the Rio Sabinas. Schaldach reported in his notes that four-eyed opossums robbed trap lines set for small mammals at Rancho Pano Ayuctle. W. W. Dalquest trapped an individual seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima using the body of an armadillo as bait. The natives of southern Tamaulipas refer to this animal as "tlacuache cuatrojos."

Tamaulipan specimens of _P. o. pallidus_ differ from topotypes and other specimens from the vicinity of the type locality in averaging somewhat paler dorsally and slightly smaller in cranial dimensions when specimens of equal age are compared. They differ also in having a longer terminal area of white on the tail, 53.1 per cent (43.3-62.8) of the length of the tail in 13 specimens from Tamaulipas, and 38.7 (30.9-48.2) per cent in 14 specimens from the vicinity of the type locality of _pallidus_ in Veracruz; specimens from northern Veracruz are intermediate between the two mentioned populations in amount of white on the tail. Baker (1951:210) noted that the specimens from two kilometers west of El Carrizo had "proportionately longer tails than typical _P. o. pallidus_ from central Veracruz," but I do not find this character to be consistent in the more abundant material now available.

_Measurements._--External and cranial measurements of three
adults, a male and female from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and a
male from two kilometers west of El Carrizo, respectively,
are as follows: 577, 580, 568; 294, 288, 290; 46, 43, 43;
40, 42, 37; condylobasal length, ----, 70.1, 69.9; palatal
length, 43.2, 42.3, 41.9; lambdoidal breadth, 23.6, 22.0,
22.7; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 29.5, 28.4,
29.0.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: 7 km. SW
La Purisima, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias,
300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N Mante and 3 km. W
Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 7; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El
Encino, 400 ft., 3; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2500 ft., 3 (one
specimen deposited in Instituto de Biologia, Mexico).

=Marmosa mexicana mexicana= Merriam

Mexican Mouse-opossum

1897. _Marmosa murina mexicana_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 11:44, March 16, type from Juquila, 1500 m.,
Oaxaca.

1902. _Marmosa mexicana_, Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
39:19, April.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero
del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:3) in southwestern part of
state.

_Marmosa_ has been reported from Tamaulipas only by Goodwin
(1954:3), who examined "15 rami, and one fragment of
maxillary" that were found in a cave. Possibly they were
remains from owl pellets.

=Sorex saussurei saussurei= Merriam

Saussure's Shrew

1892. _Sorex saussurei_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 7:173, September 29, type from N slope Sierra
Nevada de Colima, approximately 8000 ft., Jalisco.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana.

Jackson (1928:156) reported four specimens from Miquihuana,
which he incorrectly located in Nuevo Leon.

=Cryptotis parva berlandieri= (Baird)

Least Shrew

1858. _Blarina berlandieri_ Baird, Mammals, _in_ Repts.
Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):53, July 14, type from Matamoros,
Tamaulipas.

1941. _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_, Davis, Jour. Mamm.,
22:413, November 13.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout state.

A female taken on July 5, one mile south of Altamira, carried three embryos 5 mm. in crown-rump length. A female from the same locality and another taken on June 6 in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating. Weight of each of six males was 5.0 grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 9: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 1 mi. S
Altamira, 8.

Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:53); 9 km. N
Rancho Tigre (Goodwin, 1954:3).

=Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis= Jackson

Slender Small-eared Shrew

1933. _Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis_ Jackson, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 46:79, April 27, type from
Huachinango, 5000 ft., Puebla.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero
del Paraiso.

The only report from Tamaulipas of this small shrew is that of Goodwin (1954:3) who listed a cranium and mandible, possibly of the same individual, found on the floor of a cave. Goodwin referred the remains to _pueblensis_ because of the "noticeably broader and heavier rostrum than in ... _C. parva berlandieri_ from Rancho Tigre."

=Cryptotis mexicana madrea= Goodwin

Mexican Small-eared Shrew

1954. _Cryptotis mexicana madrea_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus.
Novit., 1670:1, June 28, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi.
NW Gomez Farias, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the type
locality and vicinity thereof.

This subspecies is known only from two complete specimens, six crania and four rami collected in two different localities--the type locality and Aserradero del Infernillo, only seven kilometers from the type locality. All the specimens were examined and reported by Goodwin (1954:1; 1954:4). The type specimen "was taken in a low section of an overgrown ditch" and the other complete specimen was trapped in a stone wall that separated an orchard from a pasture. The six skulls were found in owl pellets.

=Notiosorex crawfordi= (Coues)

Crawford's Desert Shrew

1877. _Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi_ Coues, Bull. U. S.
Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territories, 3:651, May 15, type from
near old Fort Bliss, approximately 2 mi. above El Paso, El
Paso Co., Texas.

1895. _Notiosorex crawfordi_, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna,
10:32, Dec. 31.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas_.--Known only from two
localities in southwestern part of state.

The two specimens examined were collected in July, one in tropical forest and the other in pine-oak forest; each was a lactating female and each weighed 5 grams.

Judging from Merriam's (1895:32) description, the two females differ from the type and three specimens from San Diego, Texas, in having a unicolored tail and in being slightly larger externally. When more abundant material is available the _Notiosorex crawfordi_ of northeastern Mexico probably will be found to represent a new subspecies; for the present I follow Findley (1955:616) in referring Tamaulipan specimens to _N. crawfordi_.

_Measurements._--External measurements of the specimens from
Jaumave and Palmillas, respectively: 90, 90; 28, 31; 11,
11.5; 8, 8. For cranial measurements see Findley (1955:32).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave,
2400 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 1.

=Scalopus inflatus= Jackson

Tamaulipan Mole

1914. _Scalopus inflatus_ Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 27:21, February 2, type from Tamaulipas, 45
miles from Brownsville, Texas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the type
locality.

_Scalopus inflatus_ is known only from the type specimen, which is imperfect and lacks complete data according to Jackson (1914:21). The type locality is in Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas, but the exact direction from Brownsville is unknown; probably the locality was on the road between that town and San Fernando, Tamaulipas, which is south-southwest of Brownsville.

=Pteronotus rubiginosus mexicanus= (Miller)

Mustached Bat

1902. _Chilonycteris mexicana_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 54:401, September 12, type from San Blas,
Nayarit.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state in
areas of tropical forest.

Most individuals of this species were taken in mist nets. Northwest of El Encino for example, bats were collected from a net placed in "a strategic position across a narrow opening" (Schaldach, fieldnotes) in a cave near the headwaters of the Rio Sabinas; along the same river at Rancho Pano Ayuctle some were taken in a net stretched across a little creek (arroyo). In the cave near El Encino the collector (Schaldach) estimated the population of _P. rubiginosus_ at between two and three hundred; at Ojo de Agua this bat was found in the deepest part of a cave in association with _Myotis nigricans_.

Two June-taken females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating, and weighed 17 and 18 grams.

The generic name _Pteronotus_ is employed instead of _Chilonycteris_ following Burt and Stirton (1961:24-25). The specific name _rubiginosus_ is used in accordance with de la Torre (1955:696). Tamaulipan specimens are assigned to _P. r. mexicana_ because they do not differ from specimens of that subspecies from Nayarit, except that the coloration of Tamaulipan specimens averages slightly darker in both color phases.

Specimens of this subspecies from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, previously recorded by Anderson (1956:349), are the northernmost reported in eastern Mexico.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 31: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 3; Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 mi. W Pan-American
Highway, 300 ft., 3; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3
km. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El
Encino, 400 ft., 22.

Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:4): Aserradero del
Paraiso; El Pachon.

=Pteronotus davyi fulvus= (Thomas)

Davy's Naked-backed Bat

1892. _Chilonycteris davyi fulvus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 6, 10:410, November, type from Las Penas,
Jalisco.

1912. _Pteronotus davyi fulvus_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 79:33, December 31.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the two
localities reported in this paper.

According to field-notes of Schaldach _et al._, individuals of _P. d. fulvus_ appear when it is almost dark (about 6:30 p. m. in December and January), ordinarily fly about 25 feet above the ground, but occasionally are seen at heights of between 60 and 70 feet (near tops of the largest cypress trees). Most bats flew in a straight line for 10 to 20 yards, then zig-zagged, and repeated the same movements. All specimens examined are in the brown color phase.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 11: Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 10;
Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 1.

=Choeronycteris mexicana= Tschudi

Mexican Long-tongued Bat

1844. _Choeronycteris mexicana_ Tschudi, Untersuchungen ueber
die fauna Peruana ..., p. 72, type from Mexico.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--East side of Sierra Madre in
southwestern part of state.

Specimens from La Mula were obtained in a small cave, which was inhabited also by _Desmodus rotundus_ and _Tadarida brasiliensis_. The specimens from Miquihuana were captured in a mine by a native. Those from four kilometers north of Joya Verde also were taken from a mine. Females obtained in August at La Mula were lactating.

Specimens examined are indistinguishable from _C. mexicana_ from Oaxaca and Jalisco. Baker (1956:172) found no differences between Coahuilan and Tamaulipan specimens. Most Tamaulipan specimens are dark grayish, but some are brownish and some are intermediate between the two colors mentioned. Fourteen adults weighed an average of 16.0 (12-18) grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: 4 km. N
Joya Verde, 4000 ft., 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 4; Cueva
La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 2; Miquihuana, 6500
ft., 10.

=Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla= (Peters)

Peters' Leaf-chinned Bat

1864. _Mormops megalophylla_ Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad.
Wiss., Berlin, p. 381, type from southern Mexico.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout state, except
possibly west of the Sierra Madre Oriental.

Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets in which _Pteronotus rubiginosus_, _Lasiurus borealis_, or _Centurio senex_ also were captured. The specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa was shot as it flew at a height of six feet.

Tamaulipan specimens of _Mormoops megalophylla_ are here assigned to _M. m. megalophylla_ instead of to _M. m. senicula_ following Villa and Jimenez (1961:503), who regarded _senicula_ as indistinguishable from _megalophylla_.

Weight of four specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 16.2 (15-18) grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft., 2; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1.

Additional records: Cueva de Los Troncones, 7.5 km. NNW, 3.5
km. S Cd. Victoria (Villa and Jimenez, 1961:503); Cueva de
Quintero, 15 km. SSW Cd. Mante (_ibid._); Tampico (Davis and
Carter, 1962:67).

=Micronycteris megalotis mexicana= Miller

Brazilian Small-eared Bat

1898. _Micronycteris megalotis mexicana_ Miller, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 50:329, August 2, type from
Platanar, Jalisco.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Rancho Pano
Ayuctle (Goodwin, 1954:4). The single specimen of this
species presently known from Tamaulipas was shot while it
was roosting in a ranch house.

=Glossophaga soricina leachii= (Gray)

Pallas' Long-tongued Bat

1844. _Monophyllus leachii_ Gray, _in_ The zoology of the
voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur ..., 1 (1, Mamm.): 18, April,
type from Realego, Chinandega, Nicaragua.

1913. _Glossophaga soricina leachii_, Miller, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 46:419, December 31.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region of southern
part of state.

Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a cave along with _Desmodus rotundus_ and _Tadarida laticaudata_. Specimens from 20 miles north of El Mante were collected from a cave about 50 yards deep. Weights of two females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were 9 and 12 grams. Tamaulipan specimens examined do not differ from specimens from Nicaragua that were used in comparison.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2; 10 km. N,
8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El
Mante, and 3 km. W Highway, 300 ft., 2; 8 km. NE Antiguo
Morelos, 500 ft., 1.

Additional records: 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachon
(de la Torre, 1954:114); Altamira (Miller, 1913:420).

=Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis= (Saussure)

Long-nosed Bat

1860. _M. [= Ischnoglossa] nivalis_ Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:492, November, type from near snow
line of Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz.

1900. _Leptonycteris nivalis_, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 13:126, April 6.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably throughout southern
part of state, but presently known only from one locality.

The specimens herein reported were taken in a cave. They provide the first record of the species from Tamaulipas and are assigned to the subspecies _nivalis_ on the basis of their brownish color and small size in comparison with specimens of _L. n. longala_ from Coahuila (see also description and measurements of _longala_ given by Stains, 1957:356). None of the specimens suggests intergradation in color between _nivalis_ and _longala_, but some are slightly larger than specimens of the former from Veracruz.

Twelve females taken on August 27, 1961, were pregnant. Each carried a single embryo, the embryos averaging 15.7 (12-20) mm. in crown-rump length. The average weight of the 12 females was 26.9 (24.5-30.0) grams; 10 males weighed an average of 24.6 (21-28) grams.

_Measurements._--Average and extremes of ten specimens (5
males and 5 females) are as follows: 78.2 (76-80); 0.0; 16.4
(15-17); 16.7 (16-19); length of forearm, 48.4 (45.2-54.3);
length of third finger, 100.8 (99.2-103.7); greatest length
of skull, 26.8 (25.9-27.6); zygomatic breadth (6 only), 10.9
(10.7-11.1); least interorbital constriction, 4.6 (4.5-4.9);
mastoid breadth, 10.8 (10.5-11.2); length of maxillary
tooth-row, 8.7 (8.4-9.0).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 28: all from
6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jimenez, 1250 ft.

=Sturnira lilium parvidens= Goldman

Yellow-shouldered Bat

1917. _Sturnira lilium parvidens_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 30:116, May 23, type from Papayo, about 25 mi.
NW Acapulco, Guerrero.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known presently only from
Rancho Pano Ayuctle.

The two specimens from Tamaulipas were reported by de la Torre (1954:114) and in eastern Mexico are the northernmost yet reported of the genus.

=Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis= Leach

Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat

1821. _Artibeus Jamaicensis_ Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 13:75, type from Jamaica.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region of southern
part of state.

The specimens from northwest of El Encino were shot deep (250 yards) in a cave; specimens of _Myotis nigricans_ were obtained in the same cave. A female taken on May 24 carried a single embryo that was 43 mm. in crown-rump length. Six March-taken females reported by de la Torre (1954:114) had one embryo each that varied from 20 to 38 mm. in length.

_Artibeus jamaicensis_ and _A. lituratus_ are the largest bats known from Tamaulipas. In addition to the differences between the two species pointed out by Lukens and Davis (1957:9), I note, in Tamaulipas at least, that the postorbital constriction is narrower in relation to the condylobasal length in _lituratus_, 24.6 (23.7-26.0) per cent as compared to 27.9 (26.7-29.9) per cent in _jamaicensis_.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 19: 10 km. N,
8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 10; Aserradero del Paraiso, 19
km. N Chamal (by road), 8 (AMNH); Cueva El Pachon, 5 mi. N
Antiguo Morelos, 1 (AMNH).

Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre,
1954:114); 4 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachon
(_ibid._).

=Artibeus lituratus palmarum= J. A. Allen and Chapman

Big Fruit-eating Bat

1897. _Artibeus palmarum_ J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:16, February 26, type from
Botanical Gardens at Port of Spain, Trinidad.

1949. _A[rtibeus]. l[ituratus]. palmarum_, Hershkovitz,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:447, May 10.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region in southern
part of state.

Two specimens from the Rio Sabinas were taken in a mist net placed across the small, crevicelike entrance to a cave. Ten pregnant females taken in late May each contained a single embryo; average crown-rump length of the 10 embryos was 43 (35-55) mm.

Tamaulipan specimens of _lituratus_ do not differ appreciably in color from topotypes except that the facial stripes are narrow and, in three individuals, poorly marked. Lukens and Davis (1957:9) reported that females from Guerrero were paler than the males, but the male examined in this study does not differ in color from the females seen.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 13; cave at
headwaters of Rio Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400
ft., 2.

=Artibeus toltecus= (Saussure)

Toltec Fruit-eating Bat

1860. _Stenoderma toltecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool.,
Paris, ser. 2, 12:427, October, type from Mexico. Type
locality restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hershkovitz,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:449, May 10, 1949.

1908. _Artibeus toltecus_, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 296, April 7.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably lowlands of southern
part of state; known presently only from Rancho Pano
Ayuctle.

_Artibeus toltecus_ is closely related to another species, _A. aztecus_, that occurs also in Tamaulipas. Externally, _toltecus_ differs from _aztecus_ in being smaller and darker; cranially, _toltecus_ also is the smaller and the P2 and M2 are more angular lingually than in _aztecus_, in which the teeth are rounded. One of the most important differences between these two species is that they occur at different altitudes. Davis (1958:165) reported that _toltecus_ occurred at elevations below 5000 feet at more southerly localities in Mexico, whereas _aztecus_ occurred above 5000 feet. In Tamaulipas the two species probably have parallel distributions from south to north but _A. toltecus_ is known from Rancho Pano Ayuctle at an elevation of 300 feet in rain forest, whereas _A. aztecus_ is known from Rancho del Cielo at an elevation of 3300 feet in cloud forest. The two localities are only four miles apart.

One of the specimens examined (GMS 10640) is smaller, cranially and externally (see beyond), than any recorded by Davis (1958:165).

_Measurements._--Some external and cranial measurements of
two females and a male (GMS 10668, 10646 and 10640) are,
respectively, as follows: length of hind foot, 12.5, 12.0,
11.0; length of ear from notch, 15, 17, 15; length of
forearm, 40.5, 40.0, 36.5; greatest length of skull, 20.9,
20.7, 19.7; zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.3, 11.7; least
interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.0, 5.0; length of
maxillary tooth-row, 6.8, 6.8, 6.5; breadth of braincase,
9.3, 9.2, 9.1.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3 from Rio
Sabinas, near Gomez Farias (Rancho Pano Ayuctle) (GMS).

=Artibeus aztecus= Andersen

Aztec Fruit-eating Bat

1906. _Artibeus aztecus_ Andersen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 7, 18:422, December, type from Tetela del Volcan,
Morelos.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably higher areas of
southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho del
Cielo.

I follow Davis (1958:165) in treating _A. aztecus_ and _A. toltecus_ as distinct species. Differences between the two are discussed in the preceding account of _toltecus_.

One specimen examined (AMNH 146980) is distinctly larger than the others here assigned to _A. aztecus_, but does not exceed the maximal measurements given by Davis (_loc. cit._) for the species. This specimen also has a narrower M2, and relatively and actually narrower braincase than other specimens (see measurements).

Specimens from Rancho del Cielo were collected in a limestone cave in the cloud forest. A female taken on July 2 carried a small embryo and another obtained on August 14 had an embryo that appeared to be nearly ready for birth.

_Measurements._--Respective external and cranial
measurements of three males (AMNH, uncatalogued) and a
female (AMNH 146980) are as follows: total length, 58, 65,
66, 73; length of hind foot, 13, 12, 12, 13; length of
forearm, --, 43, 40, 41; greatest length of skull, 21.6,
22.4, 21.5, 23.0; zygomatic breadth, 13.0, 12.8, 13.0, 12.4;
least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.7, 5.5, 6.0; length
of maxillary tooth-row, 7.0, 7.1, 6.9, 7.1; breadth of
braincase, 10.0, 9.8, 10.0, 9.5.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7, all from
Rancho del Cielo, 3300 ft., (AMNH).

=Enchistenes hartii= (Thomas)

Little Fruit-eating Bat

1892. _Artibeus hartii_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
6, 10:409, November, type from Trinidad, Lesser Antilles.

1908. _Enchistenes hartii_, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 2:224, September 7.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Aserradero
del Infernillo.

_Enchistenes hartii_ is known from Tamaulipas only by the cranium reported by Goodwin (1954:5), and this is the northernmost known occurrence. The bat has not been reported from any other Mexican state bordering on the Gulf of Mexico.

=Centurio senex= Gray

Wrinkle-faced Bat

1842. _Centurio senex_ Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10,
10:259, December, type locality erroneously given as
Amboyna, East Indies; subsequently restricted to Realejo,
Chinandega, Nicaragua, by Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 87:327, December 31, 1946).

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical areas of southern
part of state.

The single specimen examined, a female weighing 23 grams that carried an embryo (17 mm. crown-rump length), was taken on June 14 in a mist net stretched between oak trees in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. One other female and one cranium have been reported from Tamaulipas.

The specimen examined differs from two seen from southern Mexico (5 mi. SW Teapa, Tabasco, and 2 mi. S Tollosa, Oaxaca) in being brownish instead of grayish, but resembles in color two specimens from Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo.

_Measurements._--A female from the Sierra de Tamaulipas
affords the following measurements: Total length, 67; length
of hind foot, 13; length of ear from notch, 15; length of
forearm, 43.1; condylobasal length, 15.0; zygomatic breadth,
5.1; palatal length, 4.1; least interorbital constriction,
5.3; length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.1.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimen examined, one from the
Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft.

Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre,
1954:114); Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:5).

=Desmodus rotundus murinus= Wagner

Vampire

1840. _D[esmodus]. murinus_ Wagner, _in_ Schreber, Die
Saeugthiere ..., Suppl., 1:337, type from Mexico.

1912. _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, Osgood, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Publ. 155, Zool. Ser., 10:63, January.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state, north
at least to vicinity of Jimenez.

Hall and Kelson (1959:151) listed a place 12 kilometers west and 8 kilometers north of Ciudad Victoria as the northernmost locality of record for _Desmodus_, but three specimens from Cueva La Esperanza, 6 kilometers southwest of Rancho Santa Rosa, are from a site slightly to the northwestward (12 mi.) of the locality first mentioned and a specimen from 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jimenez represents the northeasternmost known occurrence of _Desmodus_ in eastern Mexico.

Most of the vampires examined in this study were taken in caves; those from four miles southwest of Padilla were obtained from a hollow tree. Nine specimens were collected in a small cave 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria on January 18, when water on the floor of the cave was frozen; the bats were congregated on the ceiling at a height of 20 feet. In a cave in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 16 miles west and three miles south of Piedra, females and young were found some 50 yards from the entrance; _Natalus stramineus_ and _Glossophaga soricina_ were obtained from the same cave. In another cave only half a kilometer distant, 12 males were collected. In Cueva La Mula, _Desmodus_ was found near the mouth, whereas _Choeronycteris mexicana_ and two _Tadarida brasiliensis_ were collected in the deepest part. At Cueva La Esperanza, 300 feet deep and on the east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, four different congregations of vampires were found along with about 400 _Natalus_. A male _Desmodus_ obtained in a cave 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jimenez also was associated with _Natalus_.

Females with embryos or in lactation were collected as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, March 10, one pregnant female (embryo 40 mm. in crown-rump length); Rio Sabinas, May 23, two pregnant females (embryos 36 and 43 mm.); Sierra de Tamaulipas, June 13, five lactating females and one female taken alive that gave birth on June 16 to one young; Cueva La Mula, August, nine lactating females. A male from the Sierra Madre that was obtained on January 5 had testes 8 mm. long.

The average weight of 21 adults from four miles southwest of
Padilla was 39.1 (32.0-44.5) grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 107: 3 mi. W,
6.5 mi. N Jimenez, 1250 ft., 1; Rio Soto la Marina, 4 mi. SW
Padilla, 800 ft., 23; Cueva La Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho
Santa Rosa, 360 m., 3; Cueva Los Troncones, 8 km. N, 12 km.
W Cd. Victoria, Sierra Madre Oriental, 2500 ft., 2; Cd.
Victoria, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 1900 ft., 5 mi. S, 3 mi.
W Cd. Victoria, 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 19; Cueva La
Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 16; Joya Verde, 35 km.
SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 6; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 1400
ft., 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 10; 70 km. S Cd. Victoria
(_via_ Highway), 6 km. W of Highway, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle,
6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 7; cave near headwaters Rio
Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 11.

Additional records (Malaga and Villa, 1957:539): Cueva La
Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (_via_ highway)
Cd. Victoria; El Ojo de Agua, at km. 10 on Valles-Tampico
highway; Cueva del Abra, 2 km. SSW Cd. Mante.

=Diphylla ecaudata= Spix

Hairy-legged Vampire

1823. _Diphylla ecaudata_ Spix, Simiarum et vespertilionum
Brasiliensium ..., p. 68, type locality, Brazil, restricted
to Rio San Francisco, Baia, by Cabrera (Rev. Mus. Argentino
Cien. Nat., 4:94, March 27, 1958).

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern and central parts of
state.

The hairy-legged vampire was first reported from Tamaulipas by de la Torre (1954:114), who recorded a male from five miles northeast of Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachon. Later in the same year Martin and Martin (1954:585) listed another male from El Pachon. Subsequently, Malaga and Villa (1957:543) reported specimens from two additional localities in the state, one of which (Cueva de la Sepultura) provides the northernmost place from which the species has been recorded. Malaga and Villa remarked that the species was abundant at Cueva de la Sepultura, being found in small groups clinging to the roof of the cave. Two females taken there on November 11 carried one embryo each; a lactating female was taken on November 14. The vampire, _Desmodus rotundus_, also was taken at Cueva de la Sepultura.

I follow Burt and Stirton (1961:37) in treating _Diphylla ecaudata_ as a monotypic species.

_Records_: Cueva de la Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7
km. SSW (_via_ highway) Cd. Victoria (Malaga and Villa,
1957:543); 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachon (de la
Torre, 1954:114); El Pachon (Martin and Martin, 1954:585);
Cueva de Quintero, 4 km. SSW Quintero (Malaga and Villa,
1957:543).

=Natalus stramineus saturatus= Dalquest and Hall

Mexican Funnel-eared Bat

1949. _Natalus mexicanas saturatus_ Dalquest and Hall, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 62:153, August 23, type from 3 km. E
San Andres Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz.

1959. _Natalus stramineus saturatus_, Goodwin, Amer. Mus.
Novit., 1977:7, December 22.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southwestern
parts of state.

All specimens examined were obtained from caves. At Cueva la Esperanza, approximately 400 individuals were found along with individuals of _Desmodus rotundus_; _Natalus_ and _Desmodus_ also were collected together in a cave approximately 30 yards deep three miles south and 14 miles west of Piedra, and in a cave six and a half miles north and 13 miles west of Jimenez, the northernmost locality from which _N. stramineus_ is presently known.

Tamaulipan specimens do not differ significantly in external or cranial measurements in comparison with the specimens from Veracruz reported by Dalquest and Hall (1949:154), but do differ in color. Most are in the gray phase and are Avellaneus (grayish with yellowish hairs mixed) instead of Clay Color as are specimens from Veracruz; those few in the red phase are between Clay Color and Tawny-Olive instead of between Burnt Sienna and Chestnut. By consequence, bats from Tamaulipas resemble in color the smaller _N. s. mexicanus_ of western Mexico to a greater degree than they resemble _N. s. saturatus_, but I follow Goodwin (1959:7).

Dalquest and Hall (1949:154) reported the specimen from eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos as from San Luis Potosi, from which state the collector (Dalquest) evidently thought it had originated. Actually the place eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos is in Tamaulipas.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 64: 6.5 mi. N,
13 mi. W Jimenez, 1250 ft., 14; Cueva de la Esperanza, 6 km.
SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 20; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3
mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W
Piedra, 2; Ejido Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante,
300 ft., 20; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1.

Additional records (Goodwin, 1959:8): Antiguo Morelos; El
Pachon.

=Myotis velifer incautus= (J. A. Allen)

Cave Myotis

1896. _Vespertilio incautus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 8:239, November 21, type from San Antonio, Bexar
Co., Texas.

1928. _Myotis velifer incautus_, Miller and Allen, Bull. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 144:92, May 25.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably most of northern
part of state; presently known only from three localities.

The two specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a mist net in which _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Myotis keenii_, and _Tadarida brasiliensis_ also were captured. Both are females, one of which was lactating (June 20). Specimens from San Fernando probably were taken in houses by natives, who brought the bats to the collectors (Clifton and Bodley). The maxillary tooth-row and tibia are shorter, breadth across M3 narrower, and ear slightly longer in Tamaulipan specimens than in those for which measurements were given by Miller and Allen (1928:95), but the Tamaulipan specimens do not differ otherwise. The color in general is slightly more brownish than in Texan _incautus_, but about as in Oklahoman specimens examined. Three from San Fernando, Tamaulipas, are darker than others from that state.

The average weight of 12 non-pregnant females from San Fernando was 11.0 (9.5-13) grams. The only male obtained at the same locality weighed 12 grams.

_Measurements._--Six females from San Fernando afford the
following measurements: 100.0 (95-107); 42.5 (38-46); 10.3
(10-11); 15.3 (14.5-16); length of tibia, 17.4 (16.5-18.9);
length of forearm, 44.8 (43.4-45.7); greatest length of
skull, 16.5 (16.1-16.9); condylobasal length, 15.6
(15.3-15.8); least interorbital constriction, 4.0 (3.9-4.1);
mastoid breadth, 8.3 (8.1-8.6); length of maxillary
tooth-row, 6.5 (6.3-6.7); breadth across M3, 6.5 (6.0-6.9).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15: San
Fernando, 180 ft., 13; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi.
S Piedra, 1200 ft., 2.

Additional record: Soto la Marina (Miller and Allen,
1928:93).

=Myotis keenii auriculus= Baker and Stains

Keen's Myotis

1955. _Myotis evotis auriculus_ Baker and Stains, Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:83, December 10, type from
10 m. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., Sierra de Tamaulipas,
Tamaulipas.

1960. _Myotis keenii auriculus_, Findley, Jour. Mamm.,
41:18, February.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from type locality
(2 specimens), but probably widely distributed in western
part of state.

The two specimens known from Tamaulipas were caught in a mist net stretched across a narrow, brush-bordered arroyo in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. I tentatively follow Findley (1960) in arranging _auriculus_ as a subspecies of _M. keenii_.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, the holotype
and one topotype.

=Myotis californicus mexicanus= (Saussure)

California Myotis

1890. _V[espertilio]. mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:282, July, type from an unknown
locality, but Dalquest (Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol.
Ser., 1:49, December 28, 1953) restricted the type locality
to the "desert (warmer part) of the state of Mexico,
Mexico."

1897. _Myotis californicus mexicanus_, Miller, N. Amer.
Fauna, 13:73, October 16.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western mountains of state in
pine-oak forest.

Only ten specimens of this species, five from Nicolas, two from Miquihuana and the other three, each from a different locality, have been reported from Tamaulipas. The specimen examined from 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas, a young female that still has deciduous incisors, was obtained on July 24. Of the five specimens from Nicolas, which represent the largest series of _M. californicus_ ever reported from eastern Mexico, some were caught in mist nets and others were shot over a water-hole.

_Measurements._--Five skins and four skulls from Nicolas
afford the following measurements: 86.0 (80-94); 39.0
(36-41); 7.4 (7-8.5); 13.7 (13.5-14.0); length of forearm,
33.0 (31.8-34.2); weight, 3.6 (3-4) grams; greatest length
of skull, 13.9 (13.8-14.1); least interorbital constriction,
3.2 (3.1-3.3); breadth of braincase, 6.5 (6.4-6.5); length
of maxillary tooth-row, 5.2 (5.1-5.3); breadth across M3,
5.1 (5.0-5.3).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Nicolas, 56
km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 5; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500
ft., 1.

Additional records: San Jose (Dice, 1937:249); Miquihuana
(Miller and Allen, 1928:160); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin,
1954:5).

=Myotis nigricans dalquesti= Hall and Alvarez

Black Myotis

1961. _Myotis nigricans dalquesti_ Hall and Alvarez, Univ.
Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:71, December 29, type from
3 km. E of San Andres Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical part of state,
presently known only from two localities.

For taxonomic remarks concerning this bat see Hall and Alvarez (1961:72).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5, from 8 km.
W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft.

Additional record: Cave in canyon of Rio Boquillas, 8 km. SW
Chamal (Goodwin, 1954:6).

=Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus= (F. Cuvier)

Eastern Pipistrelle

1832. _V[espertilio]. subflavus_ F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17, type locality restricted to 3 mi. SW
Riceboro, Liberty Co., Georgia, by W. H. Davis, Jour. Mamm.,
40:522, November 20, 1959.

1897. _Pipistrellus subflavus_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna,
13:90, October 16.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Presently known only from
three localities, but probably occurs in most of eastern
part of state.

Specimens examined are intermediate in color and measurements between _Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus_ and _P. s. veraecrucis_, but the color resembles that of individuals of _subflavus_ from Kansas more than that of specimens of _veraecrucis_ from Las Vigas, Veracruz.

The two males from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El Encino represent the southernmost record of the subspecies.

_Measurements._--External measurements of two males (58849,
58848) from 8 km. west and 10 km. north of El Encino and a
male (60296) from Rancho Pano Ayuctle are, respectively, as
follows: 78, 81, 83; 36, 38, 36; 10, 10, 9; 11, 11, 11;
length of forearm, 33.1, 32.0, --; length of tibia, 14.6,
13.4, 13.0. Some cranial measurements of the two specimens
from northwest of El Encino are: greatest length of skull,
12.8, 12.9; breadth of braincase, 6.5, 6.5; length of
maxillary tooth-row, 4.0, 4.1.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10
km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N
Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 1.

Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1894:128).

=Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus= Dalquest

Western Pipistrelle

1951. _Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus_ Dalquest, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 64:105, August 24, type from Presa de
Guadalupe, San Luis Potosi.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs throughout
southwest part, but presently known only from Joya Verde.

The specimens reported herein were shot in July in a canyon that contained some standing water. According to the field notes of the collector (Schaldach), individuals of this bat in Tamaulipas flew later, in his experience, than bats of the same species in Sonora, Arizona and Coahuila, not emerging until it was almost fully dark.

_Pipistrellus hesperus_ from Tamaulipas is identified as _P. h. potosinus_ owing to the dark color, but the averages of some measurements differ slightly from those given by Dalquest (1951:106) for _potosinus_ as follows: tail and ear shorter; foot larger; condylobasal length and cranial breadth less.

_Measurements._--Average and extreme external and cranial
measurements of five males from Joya Verde are: 73.2
(70-75); 27 (26-28); 7 (7); 12.4 (12-13); length of forearm,
31.0 (29.5-31.5); greatest length of skull, 12.4
(12.2-12.8); condylobasal length, 11.8 (11.4-12.3); breadth
of braincase, 6.3 (6.0-6.5). Corresponding measurements of
three females (60204, 60209, 60210) from the same locality
are: 72, 78, 76; 27, 33, 35; 7, 7, 7; 12, 12, 12; 31, 31,
32; 12.3, 12.9, 13.5; 11.7, 12.2, --; 6.0, 6.6, 6.1.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 8, from Joya
Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft.

=Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis= (H. Allen)

Big Brown Bat

1866. _S[cotophilus]. miradorensis_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18:287, type from Mirador, Veracruz.

1812. _Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis_, Miller, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 79:62, December 31.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state, north
at least to Miquihuana.

Specimens from Miquihuana, Palmillas, and Nicolas were shot in flight at dusk; those from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were collected in a mist net. Five females, all taken in June, were lactating.

Judging from Hall and Kelson's (1959:185) distribution map for the species, two subspecies, _E. f. fuscus_ and _E. f. miradorensis_, possibly occur in Tamaulipas, the former in the north and the latter in the south. Comparison of specimens presently available from the state (all from the southern part) with typical individuals of the two subspecies mentioned reveal that they resemble _miradorensis_ to a greater degree than _fuscus_ and they accordingly are assigned to the former. In measurements, the Tamaulipan specimens agree closely with _miradorensis_; in color, some resemble _miradorensis_ but others approach _fuscus_, possibly indicating intergradation between the two subspecies in the material at hand. Probably _E. f. fuscus_ will be found in the northern part of the state.

_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of nine
females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three males, two
from Miquihuana (55137, 55138) and one from Palmillas
(55139), are respectively: 121.3 (111-127), 115, 107, 115;
51.9 (50-56), 50, 45, 52; 10.9 (9.5-11.0), 10, 10, 11; 17.8
(17-18), 18, 18, 18; length of forearm, 49.6 (48-52.6),
48.9, 49.1, 49.1; length of tibia, 18.8 (18.2-19.3), 20.5,
17.3, 18.0; condylobasal length, 18.9 (18.5-19.3), 19.3, --,
18.8; zygomatic breadth, 13.1 (12.7-13.5), --, 13.0, 13.3;
interorbital constriction, 4.2 (3.7-4.4), 4.0, 4.3, 4.1;
length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.3 (7.1-7.5), --, 7.2, 7.2.
Five lactating females weighed 20 (17-23) grams, and three
males 17.5 (17-8) grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 17:
Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500
ft., 1; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 12; Joya
Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 1.

Additional record: Aserradero del Paraiso (Goodwin,
1954:186).

=Lasiurus borealis=

Red Bat

Two subspecies of _Lasiurus borealis_ have been reported from Tamaulipas. One, _L. b. borealis_, is known only from Matamoros, whereas the other, _L. b. teliotis_, is widely distributed in the central and southern parts.

A young animal from Ciudad Victoria was captured inside a house. All specimens taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets, in which _Centurio senex_, _Pteronotus parnelli_, and _Mormoops megalophyla_ also were taken.

=Lasiurus borealis borealis= (Mueller)

1776. _Vespertilio borealis_ Mueller, Des Ritters Carl von
Linne ... vollstaendiges Natursystem ..., Suppl., p. 20, type
from New York.

1897. _Lasiurus borealis_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:105,
October 16.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only by two specimens
from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:108).

=Lasiurus borealis teliotis= (H. Allen)

1891. _Atalapha teliotis_ H. Allen, Proc. Amer. Philos.
Soc., 29:5, April 10, type from an unknown locality,
probably some part of California.

1897. _Lasiurus borealis teliotis_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna,
13:110, October 16.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Generally distributed in
higher parts of state.

Eight June-taken females, all lactating, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 10.0 (8-12) grams; five males from there weighed 9.2 (8-10) grams. According to Hall and Kelson (1959:188), males of this species usually are more brightly colored than females but this phenomenon is not evident in the Tamaulipan specimens. Males do, however, average slightly smaller than females.

The name _Lasiurus borealis teliotis_ is employed following Handley (1960:472); formerly _L. b. ornatus_ Hall was applied (Hall and Kelson, 1959:190) to bats here referred to as _teliotis_.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: Cd.
Victoria, 1800 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi.
W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi.
W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi.
W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4.

=Lasiurus cinereus cinereus= (Palisot de Beauvois)

Hoary Bat

1776. _Vespertilio cinereus_ (misspelled _linereus_) Palisot
de Beauvois, Catalogue raisonne du museum de Mr. C. W.
Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, type from Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.

1864. _Lasiurus cinereus_ H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7
(publ. 165): 21, June.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide but so
far reported only from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:114), and
Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6--cranium only).

=Lasiurus intermedius intermedius= H. Allen

Northern Yellow Bat

1862. _Lasiurus intermedius_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 14:246, "April" (between May 27 and August 1),
type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Eastern half of state, known
only from three localities.

The three specimens examined were taken in mist nets along with _Lasiurus ega_, _Pteronotus rubiginosus_ and _Mormoops megalophylla_.

The generic name _Lasiurus_ is used instead of _Dasypterus_ following Hall and Jones (1961).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2.

Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1862:246).

=Lasiurus ega xanthinus= (Thomas)

Southern Yellow Bat

1897. _Dasypterus ega xanthinus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 6, 20:544, December, type from Sierra Laguna,
Baja California.

1953. _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_, Dalquest, Louisiana State
Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:61, December 28.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs in southern
and western parts of state; certainly known only from the
Sierra de Tamaulipas.

Three June-taken females, all captured in mist nets, were lactating.

Hall and Jones (1961:91) assigned all Mexican specimens of the southern yellow bat to _Lasiurus ega xanthinus_, but remarked that specimens from western Mexico were paler than those from the east. Of the six specimens examined from Tamaulipas, four are dark, resembling in color specimens from Veracruz, Yucatan and Costa Rica, and the other two are somewhat paler, approaching specimens from Baja California, Zacatecas and Coahuila. In measurements, Tamaulipan specimens of _Lasiurus ega_ generally resemble specimens from the west, but differ from any other _L. ega_ seen in having a longer tail, longer ear, and shorter maxillary tooth-row.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 4; 10 mi. W,
3 mi. S. Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 16 mi. W, 3 mi. S. Piedra,
1400 ft., 1.

=Nycticeius humeralis=

Evening Bat

_Nycticeius humeralis_ has the same distributional pattern in Tamaulipas as has _Lasiurus borealis_ in that both are represented there by two subspecies, one known only from Matamoros and the other occurring in the rest of the state. Bats of this species (_N. h. mexicanus_) from Ciudad Victoria and some from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were shot in flight in evening; others from the last-mentioned locality were taken in mist nets. Lactating females (22 specimens) were collected in June and July.

=Nycticeius humeralis humeralis= (Rafinesque)

1818. _Vespertilio humeralis_ Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly
Mag., 3(6):445, October, type from Kentucky.

1819. _N[ycticeius]. humeralis_ Rafinesque, Jour. Phys.
Chim. Hist. Nat. et Arts, Paris, 88:417, June.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Matamoros (Miller, 1897:120),
one specimen.

=Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus= Davis

1944. _Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus_ Davis, Jour. Mamm.,
25:380, December 12, type from Rio Ramos, 1000 ft., 20 km.
NW Montemorelos, Nuevo Leon.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known certainly only from
central part, but probably occurs at suitable places in all
but extreme northern Tamaulipas.

Twenty-seven of 37 adults of _N. humeralis_ examined from Tamaulipas are pale as is _N. h. mexicanus_, but 10 are darker and approach _N. h. humeralis_ in this respect. Twenty-two females averaged 10.3 (9-13) grams and eight males averaged 9.5 (8-11) grams in weight.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 45: Cd.
Victoria, 10; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2-3 mi. S, 10 mi. W
Piedra, 1200 ft., 31; 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4.

=Rhogeessa tumida tumida= H. Allen

Little Yellow Bat

1866. _R[hogeessa]. tumida_ H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 18:286, type from Mirador, Veracruz.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeastern part of state.

Specimens obtained from the vicinity of La Pesca were shot as were some from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Others from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets that were stretched across a small pool in an arroyo; _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Myotis velifer_, _M. keenii_ and _Nycticeus humeralis_ were captured in the same nets.

Females evidently bear young in Tamaulipas in April and May. Fourteen of 15 females collected at La Pesca in May were lactating, as were five of 31 taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas in June. The weight of 46 females averaged 5.5 (4-7) grams, and that of nine males, 4.5 (4-5) grams.

Comparison of specimens from Tamaulipas with individuals from Veracruz reveals little difference in general color between the two samples. Most Tamaulipan specimens examined are dull yellowish brown, but some are darker. Goodwin (1954:6) reported a specimen from Santa Maria as being dark brown. Measurements of 10 females (see below) from the Sierra de Tamaulipas average a little larger than those reported by Miller (1897:123-124), Hall (1952:232), and Goodwin (1958:10-12). I follow the last author in using the specific name _R. tumida_ for this bat.

_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of 10
females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are as follows: 80.1
(78-83); 35.5 (33-37); 7.9 (7.5-8.0); 13.1 (13-14); length
of forearm, 31.9 (30.6-33.0); greatest length of skull, 13.4
(13.1-13.8); zygomatic breadth, 8.6 (8.2-8.8); mastoid
breadth, 5.6 (5.3-5.8); breadth across M3, 5.7 (5.5-6.0);
length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.8 (4.7-4.9).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 59: 4 mi. N La
Pesca, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 2 mi. N La Pesca, 11; 1 mi. N
La Pesca, 4; La Pesca, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10
mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 39.

Additional record: Santa Maria (Goodwin, 1958:3).

=Plecotus phyllotis= (G. M. Allen)

Allen's Big-eared Bat

1916. _Corynorhynus phyllotis_ G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 60:352, April, type from San Luis Potosi, probably
near city of same name.

1959. _Plecotus phyllotis_, Handley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
110:130, Sept. 3.

1923. _Idionycteris mexicanus_ Anthony, Amer. Mus. Novit.,
54:1, January 17, type from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana.

The only specimen of this bat known from Tamaulipas was reported by Anthony (1923:1), and formed the basis of his description of _Idionycteris mexicanus_, a synonym of _Plecotus phyllotis_ according to Handley (1956:53 and 1959:130).

=Antrozous pallidus pallidus= (Le Conte)

Pallid Bat

1856. _V[espertilio]. pallidus_ Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat
Sci. Philadelphia, 7:437, type from El Paso, El Paso Co.,
Texas.

1864. _Antrozous pallidus_, H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7
(Publ. 165): 68, June.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from a single
ramus from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6).

=Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana= (Saussure)

Brazilian Free-tailed Bat

1860. _Molossus mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool.,
Paris, ser. 2, 12:283, July, type from Cofre de Perote,
13,000 ft., Veracruz.

1955. _Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana_, Schwartz, Jour.
Mamm., 36:108, February 28.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide, but
presently known from only five localities.

A female taken on June 21 in a mist net on the Sierra de Tamaulipas carried an embryo that was 29 mm. in crown-rump length. Two specimens were shot in flight in the deepest part of Cueva La Mula.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: 8 km. S Cd.
Victoria, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra,
1200 ft., 1; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft.,
2.

Additional records: Rio Bravo (town) (Villa, 1956:8); Rancho
"La Isla," 3 km. N El Limon (Malaga and Villa, 1957:560);
Cueva del Abra (_ibid._); no specific locality (Shamel,
1931:6).

=Tadarida aurispinosa= (Peale)

Peale's Free-tailed Bat

1848. _Dysopes aurispinosus_ Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8:21,
type taken on board the U. S. S. Peacock at sea,
approximately 100 mi. S Cape San Roque, Brazil.

1931. _Tadarida aurispinosa_, Shamel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
78:11, May 6.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Cueva del
Abra, six miles north-northeast of Antiguo Morelos.