Chapter IV: Part 4

This is the most common species of _Reithrodontomys_ in Tamaulipas; it occurs in almost all parts of the state, from sea level to high up in the mountains and from the tropical forest to the desert plain.

The three subspecies in the state are _R. f. intermedias_ in the northern half, _R. f. griseoflavus_ in the high parts of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and _R. f. tropicalis_ in the southeast. The lines between these subspecies are difficult to establish because the zones of intergradation are broad. Characters for separating the three subspecies in Tamaulipas are listed by Hooper (1952).

=Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus= Merriam

1901. _Reithrodontomys griseoflavus_ Merriam, Proc.
Washington Acad. Sci., 3:553, November 29, type from Ameca,
4000 ft., Jalisco.

1952. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus_, Hooper,
Miscl. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:98, January 16.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Jaumave.

Only specimens from Jaumave are clearly _R. f. griseoflavus_; all others east of this locality are intergrades between _griseoflavus_ and _tropicalis_, under which latter subspecies they are included. In _griseoflavus_ the tail is longer in relation to the head and body, 141.2 (135-153) per cent, than in the other two subspecies that occur in Tamaulipas. The average weight of 14 males was 14 (12-16) grams.

_Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15, from
Jaumave, 2400 ft.

=Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius= J. A. Allen

1895. _Reithrodontomys mexicanus intermedius_ J. A. Allen,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:136, May 21, type from
Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas.

1914. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius_, A. H.
Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 36:47, June 5.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern half of state.

No specimen of this subspecies has been examined. Jones and Anderson (1958:447) reported specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle as _R. f. intermedius_, but here those same specimens are assigned to _R. f. tropicalis_. J. A. Allen (1891:223) recorded specimens from Santa Teresa as _Ochetodon mexicanus_. According to Hooper (1952:142) that name was used by Allen for _R. fulvescens_. Allen's specimens from Santa Teresa are here referred to _R. f. intermedius_ on geographic grounds.

_Records_ (Hooper, 1952:108): Camargo, 200 ft.; 20 mi. S
Reynosa, Charco Escondido; Matamoros, 30 ft.; 7.5 mi. S
Matamoros; 29 mi. S Cd. Victoria, 800 ft.; Hacienda Santa
Engracia, 800 ft.; Santa Teresa (50 mi. SW Matamoros);
Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft.).

=Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis= Davis

1944. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis_ Davis, Jour.
Mamm., 25:393, December 12, type from Boca del Rio, 8 km. S
city of Veracruz, Veracruz.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area in southeastern
part of state.

Most of the specimens examined of _R. fulvescens_ are included in this subspecies, principally because of their reddish coloration that is characteristic of _R. f. tropicalis_. According to the original description by Davis (1944:393) this subspecies is smaller than _griseoflavus_ and the posterior border of the incisive foramina terminate anterior to the plane of the molars. But, these characteristics are not found in any specimen examined from Tamaulipas and the average of external measurements is more than those given by Hooper (1952:109) for _tropicalis_. Of all specimens from Tamaulipas, those from the vicinity of Altamira and Tampico are most nearly typical of _tropicalis_. Weights of seven males and five females, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, were, respectively, 13 (11-15), and 11 (9-14) grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 51: Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Cd.
Victoria, 3; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra,
1200 ft., 12; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2
km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 14; Rancho Pano
Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4; Rancho Pano
Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 4; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W
Altamira, 2; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 3; 7 km.
N Tampico, 4.

Additional records: Hidalgo (Hooper, 1952:110); 5 mi. NE
Gomez Farias, 1100 ft. (_ibid._); La Azteca, 5 km. NNE Gomez
Farias (Goodwin, 1954:11); Gomez Farias (_ibid._); Antiguo
Morelos (Hooper, 1952:110); 2 mi. W Tampico (Ingles,
1959:396).

=Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus= (Saussure)

Mexican Harvest Mouse

1860. _R[eithrodon]. mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:109, type from mountains of
Veracruz; restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hooper, Miscl.
Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:140, January 16.

1914, _Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus_, A. H. Howell,
N. Amer. Fauna, 36:70, June 5. Not _Reithrodontomys
mexicanus_ (Saussure), being instead of J. A. Allen,
1895:135, which in part equalled _Reithrodontomys fulvescens
difficilis_.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known from two localities,
but probably occurs in all tropical areas in south part of
state.

As noted before, J. A. Allen (1891:223) reported specimens from Rancho Santa Rosa as _Ochetodon mexicanus_, but he used this name for the species now known as _R. fulvescens_.

The specimen examined, previously reported by Jones and Anderson (1958:447), represents the northernmost occurrence of the species.

_Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft.

Additional record: Rancho del Cielo, 3500 ft. (Hooper,
1952:144).

=Peromyscus maniculatus blandus= Osgood

Deer Mouse

1904. _Peromyscus sonoriensis blandus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 17:56, March 21, type from Escalon,
Chihuahua.

1909. _Peromyscus maniculatus blandus_ Osgood, N. Amer.
Fauna, 28:84, April 17.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Miquihuana
(Osgood, 1909:86).

=Peromyscus melanotis= J. A. Allen and Chapman

Black-eared Mouse

1897. _Peromyscus melanotis_ J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:203, June 16, type from Las Vigas,
Veracruz.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana
(Osgood, 1909:112).

=Peromyscus leucopus texanus= (Woodhouse)

White-footed Mouse

1853. _Hesperomys texana_ Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 6:242, type probably from vicinity of Mason,
Mason Co., Texas.

1909. _Peromyscus leucopus texanus_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna,
28:127, April 17.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Over all of state.

This is the most common species of the genus _Peromyscus_ in Tamaulipas. It and _Liomys irroratus_ are the two rodents most easily trapped throughout the state. In general _P. l. texanus_ occurs in forested and brushy areas especially under 1200 feet in elevation, as was noted in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where _P. l. texanus_ was taken commonly at elevations of up to 1200 feet. Above this elevation the species was rare and _P. pectoralis_ and _P. boylii_ were more abundant than at lower elevations. The three specimens of _P. l. texanus_ from 12 kilometers north and four kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria were trapped in a line of 110 traps set near tree stumps. Small burrows in the ground were noted here. The forest at this locality was composed of mesquite, ebony, acacias, a few yuccas and "nopales" (= cactuses); the ground was covered by cat claw.

Of the many young taken, 15 specimens were saved from Ejido Santa Isabel where _P. leucopus_ was abundant in an area of chaparral consisting of wild "tomate," "zapote," "huizache" and "salvadora." Most of the specimens caught at this locality were taken between 7:30 and 9:30 p. m. in traps baited with a mixture of rolled oats, peanut butter and banana. Specimens from 53 kilometers north of El Limon were taken along with _Liomys irroratus_; the specimen from two kilometers west of El Carrizo was trapped near a dead mesquite log. _Reitrodontomys fulvescens_ was taken in the same area. Four specimens of _P. leucopus_ were taken at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, around a big pile of old firewood in an abandoned sugar mill. At the locality six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, _P. leucopus_ was found in cultivated fields and along the grassy roadsides; in the vicinity of Tampico specimens were taken in an area of forested cactus-thorn. The specimen from seven kilometers south and two kilometers west of San Fernando was found in a trap set at the base of "nopal" cactus, which was surrounded by bushes and small trees (10-12 feet high).

Breeding records are as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, on February 15, one female carried 2 embryos of 23 mm. in crown-rump length; Jaumave, July 26 to 29, five females, averaging 4.6 (3-6) embryos of 7 (3-15) mm., two females lactating, one on May 25 and the other on July 26; Ejido Santa Isabel, on January 20 to 25, three females lactating; Soto la Marina, on May 16, one female lactating.

Average weights were as follows: from Jaumave four pregnant females, 28.0 (25-33), eight males, 23.4 (21-27); from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, eight females non-pregnant, 21.2 (18-26), 14 males, 22.0 (19-27); from 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, six males, 23.5 (21-27).

All specimens examined from Tamaulipas are assigned to _P. l. texanus_ because their coloration is pale. Even so the color varies some according to locality; specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and the Sierra de Tamaulipas have much of the cinnamon color that is characteristic of _P. l. incensus_ from farther south, but even so specimens from the two localities last mentioned are paler than those from Veracruz that are typical _incensus_.

Goldman (1942:158) reported specimens from Altamira as _P. l. incensus_, in which subspecies Ingles (1959:397) included specimens from two miles west of Tampico, but specimens examined from the same area do not differ from individuals from far north thereof; for this reason I identify specimens from these localities as _texanus_. Osgood (1909:131) and Hooper (1953:7) also referred specimens from the southern part of Tamaulipas to _texanus_. These two authors examined 156 specimens and did not find any intergradation between _texanus_ and _incensus_, but to me, the cinnamon tones of specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and the Sierra de Tamaulipas, suggest intergradation between the two subspecies.

Osgood's (1909:265) measurements of _P. l. texanus_, from Brownsville, Texas, and those of 40 specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas are about the same except that the anterior palatine foramina average longer in Tamaulipas. Baker's (1956:262) specimens from Coahuila, averaged larger even than Tamaulipan specimens. Another difference between Osgood's measurements and Baker's was the shorter 3.4 (3.0-3.7) maxillary tooth-row in Tamaulipan specimens.

Hooper (1953:7) recorded specimens from General Teran, as in Tamaulipas; actually this locality is in Nuevo Leon.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 149: 4.5 mi. S
Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3 mi. SE Reynosa, 2; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San
Fernando, 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 1; Rancho Santa Rosa,
25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; 9.5 mi. SW
Padilla, 800 ft., 2; 15 mi. N Cd. Victoria, 2; 4 mi. N La
Pesca, 1; Soto la Marina, 11; La Pesca, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W
Cd. Victoria, 3; 7 km. NE Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, and 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 31;
Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6;
Jaumave, 20; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American
Highway, 2000 ft., 15; 53 km. N El Limon, 12 km. S Rio
Guayalejo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km.
W Highway, 300 ft., 16; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez
Farias, 300 ft., 7; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 3;
8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 3; 6 mi. N,
6 mi. W Altamira, 9; 16 km. N Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 3.

Additional records (Osgood, 1909:131, unless otherwise
noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; near Bagdad; Sierra San
Carlos (Hooper, 1953:7); Matamoros-Victoria Highway
(_ibid._); Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:464); Hidalgo; Cd.
Victoria; 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:7); Gomez Farias
(Goodwin, 1954:12); Chamal (_ibid._); Tula (Hooper, 1953:7);
Antiguo Morelos (_ibid._); Altamira (Goldman, 1942:158); 2
mi. W Tampico (Ingles, 1959:397); Tampico.

=Peromyscus boylii=

Brush Mouse

Specimens examined were obtained at higher elevations in the oak-tree zone of the Sierras in traps set among rocks, trees and in grassy areas. _Peromyscus boylii_ was trapped in the same area as was _P. pectoralis_ and no habitat distinction between the two was noted. Some behavioral differences, however, are pointed out in the account of _P. pectoralis_. Morphological differences between these two species in Tamaulipas were reported by Hooper (1952:372).

A female taken on August 5 in the Sierra Madre Oriental carried two embryos 15 mm. in crown-rump length.

For the taxonomic status of _P. boylii_ in Tamaulipas see Alvarez (1961).

=Peromyscus boylii ambiguus= Alvarez

1961. _Peromyscus boylii ambiguus_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas
Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:118, December 29, type from
Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the Sierra
San Carlos.

_Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7 (UMMZ), all
from La Vegonia, Sierra San Carlos.

=Peromyscus boylii levipes= Merriam

1898. _Peromyscus levipes_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 12:123, April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400
ft., Tlaxcala.

1909. _Peromyscus boylii levipes_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna,
28:153, April 17.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southern parts of
state.

Weights of 19 males and 18 females from the Sierra Madre Oriental are, respectively, 25.2 (22-30) and 23.6 (20-29); weights of eight males and five females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are 24.9 (22-32) and 29.6 (24-31).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 54: Sierra
Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 37; 5
mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; Ejido Eslabones, 10
mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 11
mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 13; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1.

Additional records: Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:7); 3 mi.
NW Acuna (_ibid._); Rancho Viejo (Goodwin, 1954:12); Santa
Maria (_ibid._); Joya de Salas (_ibid._).

=Peromyscus pectoralis=

White-ankled Mouse

_Peromyscus pectoralis_ and _P. boylii_ are closely related morphologically and seem to occupy the same habitat. In the Sierra Madre Oriental, according to the field notes of the collector (Heinrich, June 6 to August 5, 1953), individuals of _P. pectoralis_ had a pinkish coloration on the mouth and forefeet produced by the juice of the "nopal" cactus fruit, on which obviously the mice feed, whereas only a few specimens of _boylii_ were thus discolored. It was noted that _boylii_ was feeding on acorns. Furthermore, the two species may differ in time of breeding; in August, males of _pectoralis_ had the testes well developed when those organs were small in _boylii_ collected at the same locality.

A specimen from 53 kilometers north of El Limon, was shot at a height of 10 feet on a concrete underpass. Other specimens were taken in a trap line that yielded _Peromyscus boylii_, _P. leucopus_ and _Liomys irroratus_.

Two subspecies of _P. pectoralis_ occur in Tamaulipas: _P. p. collinus_ is widely distributed in the central and western parts of the state and _P. p. eremicoides_ occurs only in the western "corner" of the state.

=Peromyscus pectoralis collinus= Hooper

1952. _Peromyscus pectoralis collinus_ Hooper, Jour. Mamm.,
33:372, August 19, type from San Jose, 2000 ft., Sierra San
Carlos, 12 mi. NW San Carlos, Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Along the central and western
mountains.

A female obtained on January 21 at a place 53 kilometers north of El Limon, contained three embryos. A lactating female was taken on August 2 in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Males, as previously noted, had well-developed testes in August. The weights of 17 males and 20 females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were, respectively, 26.6 (24-33), and 25.6 (21-31) grams.

Measurements of specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas averaged about the same, except that those of specimens from Palmillas, averaged smaller. The small size suggests intergradation between the subspecies _collinus_ and _eremicoides_. The latter occurs to the west and differs from _collinus_ in smaller size, more grayish coloration, completely white tarsal joint and relatively longer tail. Hooper (1952:374) reported specimens from Jaumave as intergrades between the two subspecies before mentioned and Osgood (1909:164) identified two specimens from there as _eremicoides_. In the present account, individuals from Palmillas and Jaumave are referred to _collinus_.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 101: 7 km. SW
La Purisima, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W
Victoria, 1900 ft., 12; Sierra Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6
mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 16; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S,
10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi.
S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 14; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W
Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 3; 53 km. N El
Limon, 12 km. S Rio Guayalejo, 5; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW
Victoria, 3800 ft., 9; 10 km. N, 8 km. El Encino, 400 ft.,
1; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 3.

Additional records (Hooper, 1952:374, unless otherwise
noted): Sierra San Carlos (Marmolejo, 1700 ft., San Jose,
2000 ft., Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft., La Vegonia, 2900 ft.);
Villagran, 1300 ft.; Cd. Victoria; near Jaumave, 2400 ft.;
Sierra de Tamaulipas, near Acuna, 1600 ft.; La Joya de Salas
(Goodwin, 1954:12).

=Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides= Osgood

1904. _Peromyscus attwateri eremicoides_ Osgood, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 17:60, March 21, type from Mapimi, Durango.

1909. _Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides_, Lyon and Osgood,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:128, January 28.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana
and vicinity of Tula.

The two specimens from Miquihuana are typical _P. pectoralis eremicoides_ in external and cranial measurements. Specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula are characteristic of _eremicoides_ in cranial measurements but the tail is shorter than usual for this subspecies, in this respect approaching _P. p. lacianus_.

_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of 10
specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula and measurements
of two males (56169, 56415) from Miquihuana are,
respectively, as follows: 181.5 (173-197), 180, 197; 96.2;
(87-110), 103, 113; 20.2 (19.0-21.5), 21, 21; 18.1
(16.5-19.0), 18, --; greatest length of skull, 24.8
(24.1-25.6), 25.5, 25.6; length of nasals, 9.0 (8.6-9.3),
9.3, 9.3; zygomatic breadth, 12.2 (11.7-12.8), 12.3, 12.9;
interorbital constriction, 3.8 (3.7-4.0), 3.7, 3.9; length
of maxillary tooth-row, 3.6 (3.5-3.7), 3.6, 3.8. Weights of
the 10 specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula average
17.9 (16-24) grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 28:
Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft.,
1; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500
ft., 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 19; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900
ft., 3.

=Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus= Osgood

Plateau Mouse

1904. _Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus_ Osgood, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:66, March 21, type from
Berriozabal, Zacatecas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Mexican Plateau part of
state.

A lactating female caught on July 20 and four males from Miquihuana weighed, respectively, 51, and 50.2 (47-54) grams. A female, taken on July 24, 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas in a valley covered by mesquite and other bushes, had 3 embryos 10 mm. in crown-rump length, and weighed 60 grams. One specimen from nine miles southwest of Tula was caught in an outcrop of rocks and two others were taken among bushes on the desert. A female on October 10 carried 4 embryos 2 mm. in crown-rump length.

Specimens of _P. melanophrys_ here listed are the first to be reported from Tamaulipas. They are assigned to the subspecies _consobrinus_ on the basis of dark color and because their size closely corresponds to that of the holotype. The specimen from the vicinity of Palmillas and one from Miquihuana (56408) are larger than the others and grayish.

A specimen (56413) from Miquihuana lacks all the molariform teeth. Its alveoli in one maxilla are closed and those in the opposite maxilla are more open than is normal.

_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of four
males, two females (56413, 56408) from Miquihuana, and a
female (56414) from 14 miles north and 6 miles west of
Palmillas, are, respectively, as follows: total length (two
males only), 249, 245, 265, 247, 280; length of tail
vertebrae (two males only), 137, 134, 141, 131, 157; length
of hind foot, 26.7 (26-27), 27, 27, 27; ear from notch, 23.7
(23-24), 25, 24, 25; greatest length of skull, 30.3
(29.5-31.0), 31.2, 31.8, 32.2; interorbital constriction,
4.8 (4.7-4.9), 4.9, 4.8, 5.0; length of palatine slits, 6.6
(6.2-6.8), 6.9, 6.9, 6.8; length of diastema, 8.1 (8.0-8.3),
--, 8.5, 8.5; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.5
(4.3-4.7), --, 4.3, 4.6.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 16:
Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 6; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500
ft., 1; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6; 9 mi. SW Tula,
3900 ft., 3.

=Peromyscus difficilis petricola= Hoffmeister and de la Torre

Zacatecan Deer Mouse

1959. _Peromyscus difficilis petricola_ Hoffmeister and de
la Torre, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 72:167, November 4,
type from 12 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft.,
Coahuila.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Westernmost part of state.

The three specimens from Miquihuana were collected among rocks and stumps, in an oak forest. The specimens from 20 miles north of Tula were collected after midnight on a hillside covered mainly with juniper brush. A female (October 11) carried 3 embryos 26 mm. in crown-rump length.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Miquihuana,
8500 ft., 3; 20 mi. N Tula, 5800 ft., 3.

=Peromyscus ochraventer= Baker

El Carrizo Deer Mouse

1951. _Peromyscus ochraventer_ Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:213, December 15, type from 70 km. (by
highway) S Ciudad Victoria, 6 km. W Pan-American Highway at
El Carrizo, Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Vicinity of the type
locality.

The series of specimens examined was the same used by the original describer of the species. He (1951:214-215) pointed out that the mice were taken in junglelike forest among rocks and adjacent to logs. Burrows extended beneath large blocks of limestone, and each burrow where a mouse was caught was marked by a pile of excavated earth resembling a tiny mound left by a pocket gopher. These burrows were at an elevation of approximately 2800 feet above sea level on the steep sides of a small hill in an area where the vegetation was intermediate between that of the arid and humid subdivisions of the tropical region. Each of two females, captured on January 13, carried five placental scars; one of the females was lactating.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 24, from the
type locality.

Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:12): Gomez Farias; Rancho
del Cielo; Joya de Salas.

=Baiomys taylori taylori= (Thomas)

Northern Pygmy Mouse

1887. _Hesperomys (Vesperimus) taylori_ Thomas, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 19:66, January, type from San Diego,
Duval Co., Texas.

1907. _Baiomys taylori_ Mearns, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull.
56:381, April 13.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, except
southwestern desert part.

The species of this genus have been revised recently by Packard (1960) and the specimens from Tamaulipas are arranged according to his systematic findings. The weight of 35 specimens labeled with reference to Altamira are 7.6 (6.0-9.0) grams; 15 from Jaumave weigh 6.9 (6.0-9.0) grams. Pregnant females were collected as follows: February 22, Ejido Santa Isabel, 3 (embryos x 4 mm. in crown-rump length); March 2, Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 x 16; July 9, six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, 1 x 4; July 28 and 29, Jaumave, 2 x 8 and 3 x 9. The average number of embryos was 2.8 (1-5).

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 83: 4 mi. N La
Pesca, 1; Cd. Victoria, 3; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 17; Ejido
Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 7;
Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4;
Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 1; Rio
Sabinas, 8 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo,
2; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 33; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira,
4; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 4; 10 mi. NW
Tampico, 1; 7 mi. S Altamira, 1; 1 km. N Tampico, 1.

Additional records (Packard, 1960:654): Camargo; Charco
Escondido, 20 mi. S Reynosa; Matamoras (= Matamoros);
Hidalgo; 29 mi. N Cd. Victoria; Antiguo Morelos.

=Onychomys leucogaster longipes= Merriam

Northern Grasshopper Mouse

1889. _Onychomys longipes_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2:1,
October 30, type from Concho County, Texas.

1913. _Onychomys leucogaster longipes_, Hollister, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:216, December 20.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Ciudad Victoria
northward.

Only a young female was examined; she weighed 22 grams and extends the known range 59 miles eastward from Ciudad Victoria.

_Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Soto la
Marina, 500 ft.

Additional records (Hollister, 1914:253): Camargo; Reynosa;
[Cd.] Victoria.

=Onychomys torridus subrufus= Hollister

Southern Grasshopper Mouse

1914. _Onychomys torridus subrufus_ Hollister, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 47:472, October 29, type from Miquihuana,
Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--West of Sierra Madre
Oriental.

The six specimens examined were collected in the desert area west of the Sierra Madre Oriental. At Nicolas a trap set in front of a hole held one specimen, and another was trapped beneath a brush fence that inclosed a cornfield. _Dipodomys merriami_ and _Perognathus penicillatus_ also were trapped beneath the fence.

A subadult from Nicolas is slightly larger (see measurements) than either of two subadults from four miles north of Jaumave and an old specimen from eight miles north of Tula, except in the interorbital constriction, which is narrower. Nevertheless measurements of Tamaulipan _Onychomys torridus_ resemble those given by Hollister (1914:483) for _O. t. subrufus_. A specimen from Nicolas is also darker than other individuals examined.

A female taken on July 15, four miles north of Jaumave, was lactating.

_Measurements._--Measurements of a female from Nicolas, a
male from eight miles north of Tula, and a female and a male
from four miles north of Jaumave are as follows: 158, 147,
145, 144; 59, 58, 55, 55; 22, 21, 22, 22; 21, 20.5, 18, 18;
condylobasal length, 24.4, 23.1, 23.9, 23.7; interorbital
constriction, 4.1, 4.4, 4.3, 4.5; length of nasals, 10.6,
10.5, 10.5, 10.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.8, 3.6,
3.7, 3.7; breadth of braincase, 11.8, 11.3, 11.3, 11.0;
weight in grams, 32.5, 26.0, 25.0, 25.0.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 4 mi. N
Jaumave, 2; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 2; Tajada, 23
mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1.

Additional records (Hollister, 1914:475): Miquihuana;
Jaumave.

=Sigmodon hispidus=

Hispid Cotton Rat

This species, as is known, is active by day and by night. It occurs mainly in grassy areas and most of the specimens examined were trapped there. But, one mile east of La Pesca, specimens were taken on a beach having sparse grass. _Neotoma micropus_ and _Spermophilus spilosoma_, but no smaller rodents, were taken there. Also, many crabs were found in the traps. Possibly only the relatively large rodents are able to compete successfully with the crabs. The specimen from one kilometer east of El Barretal was caught in a rat-trap set in front of small hole in a fence of dead brush that surrounded a cornfield. The area outside the fence supported mesquite and ebony trees (10-12 feet high) and the ground was covered with cat claw. Six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, the two young specimens were taken on a small grassy island surrounded by mud.

According to natives, _Sigmodon_ injures corn and sugar cane. Probably other species of rodents are responsible for some or all of such damage since other kinds of rodents were taken in the same areas.

Dice (1937:245) reported females from the Sierra San Carlos that carried 8 embryos of 18 mm., 5 x 33, 7 embryos very small, and 8 x 20. Females were collected on July 22, 29, and 30.

=Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri= Baird

1855. _Sigmodon berlandieri_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 7:333, type from Rio Nazas, Coahuila.

1902. _Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri_, V. Bailey, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:106, June 2.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Jaumave and Llera to
north.

This subspecies is distinguished from _S. h. toltecus_ by larger size and paler, grayish coloration.

TABLE 3.--DATA ON REPRODUCTION.

=========================+=============+=========+============= LOCALITY | Date | Embryos | Size in mm. -------------------------+-------------+---------+------------- 4 mi. N La Pesca | May 26 | 4 | 30 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 10 | 3 | 10 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 11 | 4 | 10 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 20 | 2 | 20 Ciudad Victoria | July 12 | 5 | 5 Jaumave | July 28 | 4 | 14 Jaumave | July 29 | 6 | 25 San Fernando | August 30 | 7 | 20 San Fernando | August 31 | 8 | 11 Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo | November 15 | 3 | 5 Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo | November 16 | 5 | 2 -------------------------+-------------+---------+-------------

Baker (1951:216) reported a specimen from 35 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria (= 1 km. E El Barretal) as _S. h. toltecus_. Comparison of its skull with those from the vicinity of Altamira (_S. h. toltecus_) and those from Jaumave (_S. h. berlandieri_) shows that the skull from El Barretal closely resembles those from Jaumave, in having the zygomatic arches more nearly parallel and the braincase more rounded than in skulls from Altamira. Therefore the specimen from the vicinity of El Barretal is here assigned to _S. h. berlandieri_.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 64: 4-1/2 mi.
S Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 1; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo,
8; San Fernando, 180 ft., 8; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 10; 3 mi. N
La Pesca, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft.,
1; 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1 km. E El Barretal, Rio
Purificacion, 1; Cd. Victoria, 1; 2 km. W Pan-American
Highway (12 km. S Llera), Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1;
Jaumave, 2400 ft., 29.

Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:506); Sierra San
Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, San Miguel) (Dice,
1937:254); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Tamaulipas
[state?] (Baird, 1858:506).

=Sigmodon hispidus solus= Hall

1951. _Sigmodon hispidus solus_ Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from island 88 mi. S,
10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two specimens
from the type locality.

=Sigmodon hispidus toltecus= (Saussure)

1860. [_Hesperomys_] _toltecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag.
Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:98, type from mountains of Veracruz
[probably near Mirador, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ.
Studies, Biol. Sci. Series, 1:163, December 28, 1953].

1902. _Sigmodon hispidus toltecus_, V. Bailey, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 15:110, June 2.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region in southern
part of state. The specimen reported by Baker (1951:216)
from one mile east of El Barretal is here referred to _S. h.
berlandieri_.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 69: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 24; Sierra
de Tamaulipas, 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 1; Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W highway, 300 ft.,
3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gomez Farias, 300 ft., 3; 8
km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo,
2100 ft., 20; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 8; 6 mi. N, 4 mi. W
Altamira, 1; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 3; 1 mi. S Altamira,
1; 16 km. N Tampico, 3.

Additional records: Rancho del Cielo, 15 to 20 mi. S Mesa de
Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:398);
Tampico (Booth, 1957:15).

=Neotoma albigula subsolana= Alvarez

White-throated Woodrat

1962. _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas
Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:141, April 30, type from
Miquihuana, 6400 ft., Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western side of Sierra Madre
Oriental.

At Nicolas specimens were taken in traps set along a thorn fence and at Tajada two specimens were trapped along a rock wall. At other places some specimens were brought in by natives who captured the rats by tearing apart their houses.

Five females taken on October 18 at Nicolas carried embryos (one to two per female), which averaged 22.2 (11-45) mm. in crown-rump length. Another female, taken nine miles southwest of Tula on October 13, carried 2 embryos that were 35 mm. in crown-rump length. The average weight of the five pregnant females was 196.7 (183-207) grams. The average weights of nine adult males and six non-pregnant females from Miquihuana were, respectively, 215.6 (175-250) and 162.5 (155-175) grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 51:
Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 22; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria
(on Jaumave Road) 3800 ft., 2; Nicolas, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500
ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft, 2; 9 mi. SW Tula,
3900 ft., 15.

Additional record: Jaumave (Goldman, 1910:37).

=Neotoma angustapalata= Baker

Tamaulipas Wood Rat

1951. _Neotoma angustapalata_ Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:217, December 15, type from 70 km. by
highway S Ciudad Victoria, and 6 km. W Pan-American highway
at El Carrizo, Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state;
presently known from two localities.

Baker (1951:218) reported that specimens from the type locality were taken in crevices among rocks on a small hillside that supported a sparse cover of vegetation growing from a deep layer of humus. The specimen from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El Encino was shot about 40 yards from the entrance to a large cave, but no sign of wood rats were found there. Hooper (1953:9) reported that _N. angustapalata_ occupied caves at Rancho del Cielo, where a female with two nursing young was taken.

When Baker (_op. cit._) described _Neotoma angustapalata_ on the basis of two specimens from El Carrizo, he assigned the species to the _N. mexicana_ group because of the deep anterointernal re-entrant angle of M1. The deep angle found in _N. mexicana_ differs markedly from the typical condition in either _N. micropus_ or _N. albigula_. Study of the cranial characters and bacula of specimens of _N. micropus_ and _N. angustapalata_ tends to corroborate the statement of Hooper (1953:10), who commented on the taxonomic relationships of _N. angustapalata_ as follows: "It should be pointed out that all characters considered ... the specimens [_angustapalata_] appear to be large, deeply pigmented examples of the species _N. micropus_ notwithstanding the deep anterior fold in M1. The presence of that deep fold is far from an absolute character in the _mexicanus_ [_sic_] group."

My study of 48 crania of _N. micropus_ from Tamaulipas reveals that the depth of the re-entrant angle of M1 is extremely variable, from almost absent in some individuals to deep (as in _angustapalata_) in others. Four specimens, one (56958) from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three (56960, 56965, 56966) from the vicinity of Altamira, have the re-entrant angle as deep as in the holotype and topotype of _angustapalata_.

Comparison of the bacula of the holotype and one topotype of _angustapalata_ with 15 bacula of _N. micropus_ reveal that on the average the baculum of _angustapalata_ differs from that of _micropus_ in being longer, and narrower at the base (greatest length, 7.1, width at base, 3.4 mm., in the topotype). One specimen of _N. micropus littoralis_ from the vicinity of Altamira, however, has a baculum of the same shape as in _angustapalata_ (this same specimen is one of the three from there in which the re-entrant angle of the M1 is deep). The shape of the baculum among specimens of _micropus_ is highly variable and bacula of specimens from different localities frequently are slightly different (see Fig. 5).

A, _Neotoma angustipalata_ (topotype, 37062). B, _Neotoma micropus micropus_ (4 mi. SW Nuevo Laredo, 89147). C, _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ (Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 56957). ]

The known distributions of _N. micropus_ and _N. angustapalata_ do not overlap (neither does the distribution of _N. albigula_ overlap with either in Tamaulipas). The four specimens of _N. micropus_ having the deep re-entrant angle in M1 are from localities near where the ranges of _angustapalata_ and _micropus_ probably meet. This could be interpreted in two ways: (1) these four specimens can be regarded as intergrades between _angustapalata_ and _micropus_, in which case the former species should be placed as a subspecies of the latter. Or the four specimens, which were collected along with other specimens that lack deep re-entrant angles in the M1, can be assigned, on the basis of the deep angle, to _angustapalata_, in which case the species _micropus_ and _angustapalata_ would be in part sympatric. Until more material from critical areas is available for study, I continue to recognize _angustapalata_ as a monotypic species. I agree with Hooper that it is closely related to _N. micropus_.

_Measurements._--A female (58865) from 8 km. west and 10 km.
north of El Encino, measured as follows: 404; 198; 41; 32;
greatest length of skull, 49.7; basilar length, 40.8;
zygomatic breadth, 25.9; length of nasals, 18.8; length of
incisive foramina, 10.8; length of maxillary tooth-row, 9.9;
greatest breadth of interpterygoid space, 4.0.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10
km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; type locality, 2.

=Neotoma micropus=

Southern Plains Wood Rat

Most of the specimens examined were trapped in brushy areas. On the Sierra de Tamaulipas, wood rats were caught in steel traps set near or between rocks. In the vicinity of La Pesca, specimens were trapped on the beach where _Spermophilus spilosoma_ and _Sigmodon hispidus_ were taken also.

Two females, obtained on May 19 and June 10 at Soto la Marina and on the Sierra de Tamaulipas, respectively, each carried 2 embryos that were 40 mm. in crown-rump length. Dice (1937:254) reported that two females collected on July 24 and August 16 on the Sierra San Carlos each carried 2 embryos that ranged from 34 to 36 mm. in crown-rump length.

_Neotoma micropus_ occurs throughout the Tamaulipan Biotic Province and is represented in Tamaulipas by two subspecies, each of which has its type locality in the state. Intergradation between the two takes place at Soto la Marina.

=Neotoma micropus littoralis= Goldman

1905. _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ Goldman, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 18:31, February 2, type from Altamira, 100
ft., Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From the Sierra de Tamaulipas
southward.

Weight of two males and three non-pregnant females was 248, 254, 185, 210, 240 grams, respectively.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 14: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; 6 mi. N,
6 mi. W Altamira, 8.

Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1910:29).

=Neotoma micropus micropus= Baird

1855. _Neotoma micropus_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, 7:333, April, type from Charco Escondido,
Tamaulipas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Soto la Marina
northward.

The weight of five males and four females from Soto la Marina averaged, respectively, 256.4 (210-317) and 233.0 (195-274) grams.

A specimen (56924) from La Pesca differs from all other specimens of _N. micropus_ examined in being smaller, having a conspicuously shorter rostrum, broader intraorbital canal, and lower broader braincase. External measurements of this specimen are as follows: 347; 155; 39; --. Its cranial measurements are: greatest length, 44.8; basilar length, 34.3; zygomatic breadth, 23.6; interorbital constriction, 6.2; incisive foramina, 6.5; length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7; width of mesopterygoid fossa, 4.1.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 58: 4 mi. SW
Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 14; 4-1/2 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3
mi. SE Reynosa, 1; 3 mi. S Matamoros, 2; 33 mi. S Washington
Beach, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San
Fernando, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 4; 9-1/2 mi. SW
Padilla, 800 ft., 3; 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 3; Soto la
Marina, 500 ft., 12; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 1 mi. E La Pesca,
1; La Pesca, 2; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; 7 mi. NE Cd. Victoria,
1; Cd. Victoria, 6.

Additional records (Goldman, 1910:28, unless otherwise
noted): Nuevo Laredo; 10 mi. S Nuevo Laredo (Booth,
1957:15); Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; 40 mi. S Matamoros
(Hooper, 1953:9); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca)
(Dice, 1937:254); San Fernando (J. A. Allen, 1891:224);
Forlon.

=Microtus mexicanus subsimus= Goldman

Mexican Vole

1938. _Microtus mexicanus subsimus_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm.,
19:494, November 14, type from Sierra Guadalupe,
southeastern Coahuila.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from mountains
near Miquihuana (Goldman, 1938:495).

=Canis latrans=

Coyote

In Tamaulipas two and possibly three subspecies of _Canis latrans_ occur. _C. l. texensis_ is known only from the northwesternmost part of the state, and _C. l. microdon_ occurs from Camargo south to Nicolas. Hall and Kelson (1959:845) guessed that _C. l. cagottis_ would be found in the southern third of the state; as yet specimens from there have not been obtained and the subspecific identity of the coyotes there, if any are present, remains in doubt.

=Canis latrans microdon= Merriam

1897. _Canis microdon_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
11:29, March 15, type from Mier, on Rio Grande, Tamaulipas.

1932. _Canis latrans microdon_, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 45:224, November 26.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide, reported
only from the northern half of the state.

Three specimens were examined. One is a pup from the vicinity of Padilla which is assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds. The other two are skins, collected at Nicolas by natives, who deceived the collector by providing dog skulls with the coyote skins. These two specimens are referred to _C. l. microdon_ on the basis of their dark color and dusky shading on the throat and chest. One has a rufous over-all color and the other is ochraceous yellowish. This difference in color suggests intergradation at this place between _C. l. microdon_ that ranged to the northeast, _C. l. cagottis_ to the south, and probably with _C. l. impavidus_ distributed to the west.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 9-1/2 mi.
SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Nicolas, 53 km. N Tula, 2.

Additional record: Camargo (Jackson, 1951:305); 20 mi. W
Reynosa (Ingles, 1959:401); Matamoros (Jackson, 1951:305);
Bagdad (_ibid._); Sierra San Carlos (San Miguel, El Mulato)
(Dice, 1937:251).

=Canis latrans texensis= V. Bailey

1905. _Canis nebrascensis texensis_ V. Bailey, N. Amer.
Fauna, 25:175, October 24, type from 45 mi. SW Corpus
Christi at Santa Gertrudis, Kleberg Co., Texas.

1932. _Canis latrans texensis_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna,
53:312, March 11.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme northwest, known only
from Nuevo Laredo (Jackson, 1951:279).

=Canis lupus monstrabilis= Goldman

Gray Wolf

1937. _Canis lupus monstrabilis_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm.,
18:42, February 11, type from 10 mi. S Rankin, Upton Co.,
Texas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably extinct, recorded
only from Matamoros (Goldman, 1944:468).

On the maps of distribution of _C. l. monstrabilis_ published by Leopold (1959:400) and Baker and Villa (1960:370), Tamaulipas is included in the region in which the wolf is considered to be extinct.

=Urocyon cineroargenteus scottii= Mearns

Gray Fox

1891. _Urocyon virginianus scottii_ Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 3:236, June 5, type from Pinal Co., Arizona.

1895. _Urocyon cinereo-argenteus scottii_, J. A. Allen,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:253, June.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state in suitable
habitats.

The specimen from the Sierra Madre Oriental was obtained by a collector who used a rabbit call. Leopold (1959:408) reported that the highest elevation [about 2800 feet] at which he found gray fox in Mexico was at Hacienda de Acuna, in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where "dense, brushy draws and oak openings made ideal habitat." At this place Leopold saw, in early August, a family of foxes, four well-grown young and their parents. Dice (1937:250) reported _U. c. texensis_ (a junior synonym of _U. c. scottii_), as abundant in the Sierra San Carlos.

The six specimens examined do not present any significant difference in size and shape of the skull from specimens of _scottii_ from Arizona, except that one skull from the Sierra de Tamaulipas is smaller than the others, suggesting intergradation between the subspecies _scottii_ and _tropicalis_ from farther south.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 2 mi. W San
Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa, Sierra
Madre Oriental, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft.,
1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft.,
2; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft., 1.

Additional records: Near Marmolejo, San Carlos Mts. (Dice,
1937:250); Hacienda Acuna, Sierra de Tamaulipas (Leopold,
1959:408, only seen); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14).

=Ursus americanus eremicus= Merriam

Black Bear

1904. _Ursus americanus eremicus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17:154, October 6, type from Sierra Guadalupe,
Coahuila.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably in high and remote
parts of the Sierra Madre Oriental; recorded only from Agua
Linda (Goodwin, 1954:14).

=Bassariscus astutus flavus= Rhoads

Ringtail

1894. _Bassariscus astutus flavus_ Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philadelphia, 45:417, January 30, type from Texas,
exact locality unknown.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western half of state.

The two specimens examined provide the second record of this species in Tamaulipas; they were shot in the bottom of an arid canyon. One animal was about 30 feet up from the ground in an oak tree, and the other was along a small arroyo containing pools of water.

From Rhoads' paper (1893:416-417) on the genus _Bassariscus_ it would seem that _B. astutus flavus_ differs from _B. a. astutus_ in smaller size, especially of the skull, shorter tail (shorter than head and body in _flavus_ and longer than head and body in _astutus_) and the presence of fulvous color. Comparison of 10 specimens of _B. a. flavus_ from Coahuila and Texas with two of _B. a. astutus_ (Distrito Federal, 1; Las Vigas, Veracruz, 1) from central Mexico reveals that the skulls do not differ qualitatively and that the skull of _flavus_ tends to be smaller and relatively wider, but that there is overlap in size. In all _flavus_ that I measured and in the two adults of _astutus_ the tail is shorter than the head and body. The only real difference is the color; ringtails from Texas are deep fulvous instead of grayish as is _astutus_ from the Distrito Federal and Veracruz. But the specimen from Veracruz has much fulvous and on the other hand specimens from Coahuila are more grayish than those from Texas.

The two specimens from Tamaulipas can be assigned to either subspecies _astutus_ or _flavus_ with almost equal propriety. Here they are referred to _B. a. flavus_ on the basis of their relatively small skull, short tail, and presence of some fulvous color.

_Measurements._--Measurements of female and male (60239,
60240), both adult, from Joya Verde, are, respectively: 745,
760; 370, 385; 70, 75; 47, 56; greatest length of skull
(excluding incisors), 81.9, 83.1; zygomatic breadth, 46.1,
51.9; interorbital constriction, 16.3, 16.3; postorbital
constriction, 19.5, 18.5; breadth of braincase, 33.7, 36.6;
length of maxillary tooth-row, 31.5, 32.0; breadth across
postorbital processes (tip to tip), 25.3, 26.8.

_Records of occurrence._--Two specimens examined from Joya
Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft.

Additional record: Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14).

=Procyon lotor=

Racoon

Racoons occur all through the state. The one specimen examined was shot about 11:00 p. m. in a cypress tree. Its mouth contained fresh corn. The animal was notably fat and weighed 11 pounds. According to the natives the racoons do much damage in cornfields.

=Procyon lotor fuscipes= Mearns

1914. _Procyon lotor fuscipes_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 27:63, March 20, type from Las Moras Creek, 1011
ft., Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Practically all of state,
except western part.

_Records_ (Goldman, 1950:51, unless otherwise noted):
Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; Marmolego; Camp 2 (= 73 mi. S
Washington Beach, Selander _et al._, 1962:338, recorded only
two species); Gomez Farias (Goodwin, 1954:14); Altamira.

=Procyon lotor hernandezii= Wagler

1831. _Pr[ocyon]. hernandezii_ Wagler, Isis von Oken,
24:514, type from Tlalpan, Valley of Mexico.

1890. _Procyon lotor hernandezi_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:176, December 10.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state; known
only from Rancho Santa Rosa.

The specimen examined is identified as _P. l. hernandezii_ because the animal differs from specimens of _P. l. fuscipes_ from southern Texas and Coahuila in the same way that Goldman (1950:50) noted that _P. l. hernandezii_ differs from _P. l. fuscipes_. For example, in the specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa the interorbital region is lower, the braincase is less depressed near the fronto-parietal suture, the postorbital process is longer and more pointed, and the upper carnassial is longer. The color is the same as in specimens of _fuscipes_ from Texas except that the postauricular spot is smaller, and the ground color is slightly more grayish. The median dorsal area is black, forming a longitudinal band about 3 cm. wide.

_Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho
Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria.

=Nasua narica molaris= Merriam

Coati

1902. _Nasua narica molaris_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 15:68, March 22, type from Manzanillo, Colima.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Over all of state.

A male and female, both adults, from the same locality in the Sierra de Tamaulipas weighed, respectively, 3,150 grams and 4,836 grams. Three young from the same place weighed 2,250, 2,250, and 2,650 grams.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: Sierra de
Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 5; Rancho
Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W Pan-American
Highway, 2200 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1.

Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (San Jose, El Mulato)
(Dice, 1937:249); Soto la Marina (Goldman, 1942:81); Cd.
Victoria (_ibid._); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:3); 3
mi. NW Acuna (_ibid._); 19 km. SW Mante (Davis, 1944:381).

=Potos flavus aztecus= Thomas

Kinkajou

1902. _Potos flavus aztecus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 7, 9:268, April, type from Atoyac, Veracruz.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Uncertain; one specimen was
seen by Leopold (1959:437) near Acuna.

=Mustela frenata=

Long-tailed Weasel

This species occurs in practically all of the state, but as in most other areas actual records are few; only two specimens, both males, have been examined. One was taken at Jaumave, in a steel-trap baited with fresh egg. It weighed 325 grams. The other was taken in the vicinity of Altamira and weighed 434 grams.

Two subspecies have been reported from Tamaulipas; _Mustela frenata frenata_ that occurs in the central and northern parts of the state and _M. f. tropicalis_ that occurs in the tropical area in the southern part of the state.

=Mustela frenata frenata= Lichtenstein

1831. _Mustela frenata_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer oder
wenig bekannter Saeugethiere ..., pl. 42 and corresponding
text, unpaged, type from Ciudad Mexico, Mexico.

1877. _Putorius mexicanus_ Coues, Fur-bearing animals, U. S.
Geol. Surv. Territories, Misc. Publ., 8:42, a _nomen nudum_
[cited by Coues in synonymy as "_Putorius mexicanus_,
Berlandier, MMS. ic. ined. 4 (Tamaulipas and Matamoras)"].

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and northern parts of
state.

The specimen from Jaumave is clearly _M. f. frenata_, but the other from northwest of Altamira has many characters of the subspecies _M. f. tropicalis_ and is an intergrade between the two subspecies. In cranial features and in measurements the animal is like _frenata_. For example: least width of palate more than length of P4; distance between anterior border of auditory bulla and foramen ovale equal to the width of four (including I3) upper incisors; depth of tympanic bulla less than distance between it and foramen ovale; length of tail amounting to 82 per cent of length of head and body. The coloration is more nearly like that of _tropicalis_. For example, the region between the ears and the region behind the ears as far as the shoulders is almost black; hairs of the soles of the forefeet are of the same color as in _tropicalis_. But, width of the whitish underparts amounts to 53 per cent of the circumference of the body; in this respect the specimen is like _frenata_. I refer the specimen to _frenata_ because, to me, it is slightly more nearly like it.

_Measurements._--The male from 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira
affords measurements as follows: 500; 226; 53; 23; basilar
length (Hensel), 49.5; breadth of rostrum, 14.3;
interorbital constriction, 11.9; orbitonasal length, 15.2;
mastoid breadth, 27.2; zygomatic breadth, 32.4; tympanic
bullae, length, 16.8; breadth, 7.5; length of m1, 5.7; P4,
lateral length, 5.4, medial, 5.8; M1, breadth, 4.6, length,
2.4; depth of skull at anterior edge of basioccipital, 14.7.

_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave,
2400 ft., 1; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 1.

Additional records (Hall, 1951:347): Matamoros; Miquihuana.

=Mustela frenata tropicalis= (Merriam)

1896. _Putorius tropicalis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:30,
June 30, type from Jico, Veracruz.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area in south part
of state; reported only from 50 mi. south of Ciudad Victoria
(Hall, 1951:366).

=Eira barbara senex= (Thomas)

Tayra

1900. _Galictis barbara senex_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
ser. 7, 5:146, January, type from Hacienda Tortugas,
approximately 600 ft., Jalapa, Veracruz.

1951. _Eira barbara senex_, Hershkovitz, Fieldiana-Zool.,
31:561, July 10.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Pano Ayuctle
(Hooper, 1953:4).

=Taxidea taxus=

Badger

The badger in Tamaulipas is poorly known because only a few specimens have been reported from the state. I have examined only two; one is the skull of a juvenile picked up in the sea along the barrier beach and the other is the skull of an adult male taken in a steel-trap baited with a bird body and rabbit meat. The trap was set in front of a hole in the semidesert area 12 miles south of San Carlos.

On their map 471 Hall and Kelson (1959:927) show a total of five subspecies of _Taxidea taxus_. They include the northern part of Tamaulipas in the geographic range of _T. t. berlandieri_. On page 926 Hall and Kelson (_op. cit._) list ten additional subspecies described by Schantz. One of them _T. t. littoralis_ (Schantz, 1949:301) was based on specimens from southeastern Texas and Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Of the two specimens examined by me the one from the barrier beach is here assigned to _T. l. littoralis_ on geographic grounds, and the other one from the vicinity of San Carlos to _T. l. berlandieri_.

=Taxidea taxus berlandieri= Baird

1858. _Taxidea berlandieri_ Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl.
Surv. ..., 8(1):205, July 14, type from Llano Estacado,
Texas, near boundary of New Mexico.

1895. _Taxidea taxus berlandieri_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:256, June 29.

_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported from only one
locality, in northwestern part of state.