Chapter III: CLASS. INFINITIVE MOOD—Seken, seek

INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
1. seke, seken, 1. sogte, sogten,
2. sekest, seken, 2. sogtest, sogten,
3. sekeð. seken. 3. sogte. sogten.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural.
seke. seken. (Like the Indicative.)

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. sek. sekeð. seke.

PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
sekande, }
sekende. } sogt.

CONJUGATION OF IRREGULAR VERBS.

A. (no change of vowel in the plural preterite.)

INFINITIVE MOOD—_Holden_, hold.

INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
1. holde, holden, 1. held, helden,
2. holdest, holden, 2. helde,[68] helden,
3. holdeð. holden. 3. held, helden.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
holde. holden. helde. helden.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. hold. holdeð. holde.

PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
holdande, }
holdand. } holden.

B. (change of vowel in the preterite plural.)

INFINITIVE MOOD—_Helpen_, help; _singen_, sing.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

PRESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
1. helpe, singe, }
2. helpest, singest, } helpen, singen.
3. helpeð. singeð. }

PAST.
Singular. Plural.
1. halp, sang, }
2. holpe,[69] sunge,[69]} holpen, sungen.
3. halp. sang. }

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural.
helpe, singe. holpen, sungen.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. help, sing. helpeð, singeð. helpe, singe.

PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
helpande, singande, }
helpende, singende, } holpen, sungen.

TABLE OF VERBS.

A.—REGULAR.

Present. Preterite. Passive
Participle.

Class I. Loven (to love), lovede, loved.
etc. etc. etc.

Class II. (_a_) Callen (call), calde, cald.
Feden (feed), fedde, fed.
Greden (cry), gredde, gred.
Heren (hear), herde, herd.
Leden (lead), ledde, led.
Sriden (clothe), sridde, srid.
Wenen (think), wende, wend.
etc. etc. etc.

(_b_) Bimenen (lament), bimente, biment.
Bitiden (betide), bitidde, bitid.
Delen (divide), delte, delt.
Demen (judge), dempte, dempt.
Kepen (keep), kepte, kept.
Wenden (go), wente, went.

Class III. Bigen (buy), bogte, bogt.
Biseken (beseech), bisogte, bisogt.
Biteche (assign), bitagte, bitagt.
Cachen (drive), kagte, kagt.
Lachen (seize), lagte, lagt.
Sellen (sell), solde, sold.
Tellen (tell), tolde, told.
Worchen (work), wrogte, wrogt.

B.—IRREGULAR VERBS.

DIVISION I.

Class I. (_a_) Beren (bear), { bar, } boren.
{ bor, }
Bidden (bid), bad, beden.
Bi-speken (speak), bi-spac, bi-speken.
Bigeten (beget), bigat, { bigeten.
{ bigoten.
Breken (break), brac, broken.
Cumen (come), cam, { cumen.
{ comen.
Eten (eat), at, eten.
Forgeten (forget), forgat, forgeten.
Giuen (give), gaf, { geven.
{ given.
Nimen (take, go), nam, { nomen.
{ numen.
Seren (shear), —— soren.
Stelen (steal), stal, stolen.
Sweren (swear), swor, sworen.
Beten (beat), bet, beten.

Class II. Bidden (ask, entreat), bed, boden.
Biheten } (promise), { bihet, bihoten.
Heten } { het, hoten.
Drepen (slay), —— dropen.
Fallen (fall), fel, fallen.
Forhelen (hide), —— forholen.
Hingen (hang), heng, hangen.
Holden (hold), held, holden.
Lepen (leap), lep, lopen.
Leten (leave), let, leten.
Slepen (sleep), slep, slepen.
Wepen (weep), wep, wepen.
Wassen (wash), weis, wassen.
Waxen (wax), wex, waxen.
Wreken (avenge), wrek, { wroken.
{ wreken.

Class III. Dragen (draw), { drog, dragen.
{ drug, drogen.
Faren (go), for, faren.
Forsaken (forsake), forsoc, forsaken.
Graven (bury), —— graven.
Slon (slay), { slog, } slagen.
{ slug, }
Standen (stand), stod, standen.
Taken (take), toc, taken.
Waken (wake), woc, waken.

DIVISION II.

Class I. At-winden (depart), at-wond. ——
Abreden (awake), abraid. ——
Bergen (protect), barg, { borgen.
{ borwen.
Binden (bind), bond, bunden.
Bresten (burst), brast, { brusten.
{ brosten.
Biginnen (begin), bigan, bigunnen.
Delven (buy), dalf, dolven.
Drinken (drink), dranc, drunken.
Figten (fight), fagt, fogten.
Finden (find), { fand, } funden.
{ fond, }
Gelden (requite), { gald, golden.
{ geald, gulden.
Helpen (help), halp, holpen.
Melten (melt), malt, molten.
Scriðen (invite), scroð. ——
Singen (sing), sang, sungen.
Sinken (sink), sanc, sunken.
Springen (spring), sprong, sprungen.
Sterfen (die), starf, storven.
Stingen (sting), stong, stungen.
Wergen (defend), warg. ——
Werpen (throw), warp, worpen.
Ðresten (thrust), ðrast. ——

Class II. At-witen (go, depart), atwot. ——
Biten (bite), bot, biten.
Driven (drive), drof, driven.
Gliden (glide), glod, gliden.
Risen (rise), ros, risen.
Sinen (shine), son, sinen.
Smiten (smite), smot, smiten.
Writen (write), wrot, writen.

Class III. Beden (offer), { bed, } boden.
{ bead, }
Crepen (creep), crep, cropen.
Chesen (choose), ches, chosen.
Dregen (suffer), dreg, drogen.
Flegen (fly), { fleg, } flogen.
{ flew, }
Fleten (float), flet, floten.
Forlese (lose), { forles, } forloren.
{ forleas, }
Scheten (shoot), schet. ——
Segen (see), { seg, sogen.
{ sag, sowen.
Seðen (boil), seð, soden.
Stigen (ascend), steg, stigen.
Ten (go), teg, togen.
Ðen (thrive), ðeg, ðogen.

ANOMALOUS VERBS.

Cunen (can), 3 _pers. sing._ can, _pl._ cunen, _pret._ cuðe, _p.p._ cuð.

Daren (dare), _pres. pl._ duren, _pret._ durste.

Mogen (may), 3 _pers. sing._ mai, _pl._ mogen, mowen, _pret._ migte (2 _pers. pret._ migt).

Mot (may), _pret._ muste.

Ogen (owe, ought), 3 _pers. sing._ og, _pl._ ogen, _pret._ ogte.

Sal (shall), 2 _pers. sing._ salt, _pl._ sulen, _pret._ sulde, _pret. pl._ sulden.

Witen (know), 3 _pers. sing._ wot, _pret._ wiste.

Wilen (will), _pret._ wulde; nile = will not; nolde = would not.

The verb _ben_, 'to be,' is conjugated after the following manner:—

INDICATIVE MOOD.

PRESENT.
Singular. Plural.
1. am, }
2. art, beas, best, } ben, arn[70] (aren).
3. is, beð, }

PAST.
Singular. Plural.
1. was, }
2. wore, } weren, worn (woren, wore).
3. was, }