Chapter X: Part 10

---- Prehistoric Cemeteries in Caucasus. (Nécropoles préhistoriques du Caucase, renferment des crânes macrocéphales.)

_Matériaux_, seizième année (16), 2{e} série, XII, 1881.

Swastika, p. 166.

CHAVERO, D. ALFREDO. Mexico | A Través de los Siglos | Historia General y Completa del Desenvolvimiento Social, | Político, Religioso, Militar, Artistico, Científico, y Literario de México desde la Antigüedad | Más Remota hasta la Época Actual | * * | Publicada bajo la Dirección del General | D. Vicente Riva Palacio | * | * | * | * | * | Tomo Primero | Historia Antigua y de la Conquista | Escrita por el Licenciado | D. Alfredo Chavero. | México | Ballesca y Comp.{a}, Editores | 4, Amor de Dios, 4.

Folio, pp. i-lx, 1-926.

_Ciclo de 52 años._ (Atlas del P. Diego Duran, p. 386.) Swastika
worked on shell (Fains Island), "_labrado con los cuatro puntos del
Nahui Ollin_." p. 676.

CLAVIGERO, C. F. Storia Antica del Messico. Cesena, 1780.

Swastika, II, p. 192, fig. A. Cited in Hamy's _Decades Américanæ_,
Première Livraison, 1884, p. 67.

CONDER, Maj. C. R. Notes on Herr Schick's paper on the Jerusalem Cross.

_Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement_, London, July, 1894,
pp. 205, 206.

CROOKE, W. An Introduction | to the | Popular Religion and Folk-lore | of | Northern India | By W. Crooke, B. A. | Bengal Civil Service. | Honorary Director of the Ethnographical Survey, Northwestern | Provinces and Oudh | Allahabad | Government Press | 1894.

8º, pp. i-ii, 1-420.

Swastika, pp. 7, 58, 104, 250.

CROSS, The. The Masculine Cross, or History of Ancient and Modern Crosses, and their Connection with the Mysteries of Sex Worship; also an account of the Kindred Phases of Phallic Faiths and Practices.

In Cat. 105 of Ed. Howell, Church street, Liverpool.

D'ALVIELLA, LE COMTE GOBLET. La | Migration des Symboles | par | Le Comte Goblet d'Alviella, | Professeur d'Histoire des Religions à l'Université de Bruxelles, | Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, | Président de la Société d'Archéologie de Bruxelles | (Design, Footprint of Buddha) | Paris | Ernest Leroux, Editeur | Rue Bonaparte, 28 | 1891.

8º, pp. 1-343.

Cross, pp. 16, 110, 113, 164, 250, 264, 330, 332.

Crux ansata, pp. 22, 106, 107, 114, 186, 221, 229, 250, 265, 332.

Cross of St. Andrew, p. 125.

Swastika cross, Cap. II, passim, pp. 41-108, 110, 111, 225, 271, 339.

Tetraskelion. Same references.

Triskele, triskelion, or triquetrum, pp. 27, 28, 61, 71, 72, 83, 90,
100, 221-225, 271, 339.

Reviewed in _Athenæum_, No. 3381, Aug. 13, 1892, p. 217.

Favorably criticised in Reliquary Illustrated Archæologist (Lond.),
Vol. I, No. 2, Apr. 1895, p. 107.

DAVENPORT.----Aphrodisiacs.

The author approves Higgins' views of the Cross and its Relation to
the Lama of Tibet.

DENNIS, G. The | Cities and Cemeteries | of | Etruria. | Parva Tyrrhenum per aequor vela darem. Horat. | (Picture) | By George Dennis. | Third Edition. | In two volumes | * * * | With maps, plans, and illustrations. | London: | John Murray, Albemarle Street. | 1883.

8º, two vols.: (1), pp. i-cxxviii, 1-501; (2) pp. i-xv, 1-579.

Archaic Greek vase, British Museum. Four different styles of Swastikas
together on one specimen. Vol. I, p. xci.

Swastika, common form of decoration, p. lxxxix.

Primitive Greek Lebes, with Swastika in panel, left, p. cxiii, fig.
31.

Swastika on bronze objects in Bologna foundry. Vol. II, p. 537.

D'EICHTAL, G. Etudes sur les origines bouddhiques de la civilization américaine, 1{re} partie. Paris, Didier, 1862.

Swastika, p. 36 et suiv. Cited in Hamy's _Decades Américanæ_, Première
Livraison, 1884, p. 59.

DICTIONNAIRE DES SCIENCES ANTHROPOLOGIQUES. Anatomie, Crâniologie, Archéologie Préhistorique, Ethnographie (Moeurs, Arts, Industrie), Démographie, Langues, Religions. Paris, Octave Doin, Éditeur, 8, Place de l'Odéon, Marpon et Flammarion, Libraires 1 à 7, Galeries de l'Odéon.

4º, pp. 1-1128.

Title, Swastika, Philippe Salmon, p. 1032.

DORSEY, J. OWEN. Swastika, Ogee (tetraskelion), symbol for wind-song on Sacred Chart of Kansa Indians.

_Am. Naturalist_, XIX (1885), p. 676, pl. XX, fig. 4.

DULAURE, J. A. Histoire Abrégée | de | Différens Cultes. | Des Cultes | qui ont précédé et amené l'Idolatrie | ou | l'Adoration des figures humaines | par J. A. Dulaure; seconde édition | revue, corrigée et augmentée | Paris | Guillaume, Libraire-Editeur | rue Hautefeuille 14. | 1825.

Two vols.: (1), pp. i-x, 11-558; (2), pp. i-xvi, 17-464.

Origin of symbols, works of art and not natural things, Vol. I, pp.
25, 26. Another result of a combination of ideas, p. 45.

The cross represents the phallus, Vol. II, pp. 58, 59, 167, 168.

DUMOUTIER, GUSTAVE LE. Swastika et la roue Solaire en Chine.

_Revue d' Ethnographie_, Paris, IV, 1885, pp. 327-329.

Review by G. De Mortillet, Matériaux pour l'Histoire Primitive et
Naturelle de L'Homme, II, p. 730.

EMERSON, ELLEN RUSSELL. Indian Myths | or | Legends, Traditions, and Symbols of the | Aborigines of America | Compared with those of other Countries, including Hindostan, Egypt, Persia | Assyria and China | by Ellen Russell Emerson | Member of the Société Américaine de France | illustrated | Second Edition | London | Trübner & Company | Ludgate Hill | Printed in the U. S. A.

8º, pp. i-x, 1-425.

ENCYCLOPÆDIC DICTIONARY.

Titles, Ansated Cross (Crux ansata), p. 230, Vol. I; Cross, p. 1302,
Vol. II; Crux, p. 1378, Vol. II; Fylfot, p. 2240, Vol. II; Gammadion,
p. 2256, Vol. II.

ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.

Title, Cross, 4º, pp. 539-542.

ENGLEHARDT, C. Influence Classique sur | le Nord Pendant l'Antiquité | par | C. Englehardt. | Traduit par | E. Beauvois. | Copenhague, | Imprimerie de Thiele. | 1876.

8º, pp. 199-318.

Solar disks, fig. 44, p. 240. Crosses, figs. 64, 65, p. 252.

ETHNOLOGY, Reports of the Bureau of. Second Annual Report, 1880-81.

Art in Shell of the Ancient Americans, by W. H. Holmes. pp. 179-305,
pls. XXI-LXXVII.

Collections made in New Mexico and Arizona in 1879, by James
Stevenson. pp. 307-422, figs. 347-697.

Third Annual Report, 1881-82.

Catalogue of Collections made in 1881, by W. H. Holmes. pp. 427-510,
figs. 116-200.

Fourth Annual Report, 1882-83.

Ancient Pottery of the Mississippi Valley, by W. H. Holmes. pp.
361-436, figs. 361-463.

Fifth Annual Report, 1883-84.

Burial Mounds of Northern Sections of the United States, by Cyrus
Thomas. pp. 3-119, pls. I-VI, figs. 1-49.

The Mountain Chant, by Washington Matthews. pp. 379-407, pls. X-XVIII,
figs. 50-59.

Sixth Annual Report, 1884-85.

Ancient Art in the Province of Chiriqui, by W. H. Holmes. pp. 3-187,
pl. I, figs. 1-285.

Tenth Annual Report, 1888-89.

Picture writing of the American Indians, by Garrick Mallery. pp.
3-807, pls. I-LIV, figs. 1-1290.

Twelfth Annual Report, 1890-91.

Mound Explorations, by Cyrus Thomas. pp. 3-730, pls. I-XLII, figs.
1-344.

EVANS, JOHN. The Ancient | Bronze Implements, | Weapons, and Ornaments, | of | Great Britain | and | Ireland. | By | John Evans, D. C. L., LL. D., F. R. S., | F. S. A., F. G. S., Pres. Num. Soc., &c., | London: | Longmans, Green & Co. | 1881. | (All rights reserved.)

8º, pp. i-xix. 1-509.

---- The Ancient | Stone Implements, | Weapons, and Ornaments, | of | Great Britain, | by | John Evans, F. R. S., F. S. A. | Honorary Secretary of the Geological and Numismatic Societies of | London, etc., etc., etc. | London: | Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. | 1872. | (All rights reserved.)

8º, pp. l-xvi, 1-640.

FAIRHOLT, F. W. A Dictionary | of | Terms in Art. | Edited and Illustrated by | F. W. Fairholt, F. S. A. | with | Five Hundred Engravings | On Wood | (Design) | Daldy, Isbister & Co. | 56, Ludgate Hill, London.

12º, pp. i-vi, 1-474.

Titles, Cross, Fret, Fylfot, Symbolism.

FERGUSSON, JAMES. Rude Stone Monuments | in | All Countries; | Their Ages and Uses. | By James Fergusson, D. C. L., F. R. S, | V. P. R. A. S., F. R. I. B. A., &c. | (Picture.) | With Two Hundred and Thirty-four Illustrations. |London: | John Murray, Albemarle Street. | 1872. | The Right of translation reserved.

8º, pp. i-xix, 1-559.

Crosses, Celtic and Scottish, pp. 270-273.

FORRER, R. Die | Graeber- und Textilfunde | von | Achmim-Panopolis | von | R. Forrer | mit 16 Tafeln: 250 Abbildungen | in Photographie, Autographie, Farbendruck und theilweisem Handcolorit, nebst Clinché-Abbildungen | im Text; Text und Tafeln auf Cartonpapier. | Nur in wenigen nummerirten Exemplaren hergestellt. | (Design.) | Strassburg, 1891 | Druck von Emil Birkhäuser, Basel. | Photographie von Mathias Gerschel, Strassburg. | Autographie und Farbendruck von R. Fretz, Zürich. | Nicht im Buchhandel.

Folio, pp. 1-27.

Swastika, ornament at Achmin-Panopolis, Egypt, p. 20, pl. XI, fig. 3.

FRANKLIN, Colonel. [Swastika an emblem used in the worship of specified sects in India.]

_The Jeyrees and Boodhists_, p. 49, cited in "Ogam Monuments," by
Brash, p. 189.

FRANKS, AUGUSTUS W. Horæ ferales. Pl. 30, fig. 19.

GARDNER, ERNEST A. Naukratis. Part II. | By | Ernest A. Gardner, M. A., | Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Craven student and formerly Worts student of the University of Cambridge; | Director of the British School of Archæology at Athens. | With an Appendix | by | F. L. L. Griffith, B. A., | of the British Museum, formerly student of the Egyptian Exploration Fund. | Sixth Memoir of | the Egypt Exploration Fund. | Published by order of the committee. | London: etc.

Folio, pls. 1-24, pp. 1-92. Swastika in Egypt, Pottery, Aphrodite. Pl.
V, figs. 1, 7; pl. VI, fig. 1; pl. VIII, fig. 1.

GREG, P. R. Fret or Key Ornamentation in Mexico and Peru.

_Archæologia_, Vol. XLVII, 1882, pt. 1, pp. 157-160, pl. VI.

---- Meaning and Origin of Fylfot and Swastika.

_Archæologia_, Vol. XLVIII, 1885, pt. 2, pp. 293, 326, pls. XIX, XX,
XXI.

GOODYEAR, WILLIAM H. The Grammar of | the Lotus | A new History of Classic Ornament | as a | development of Sun Worship | with Observations on the Bronze Culture of Prehistoric Europe as derived | from Egypt; based on the study of Patterns | by | Wm. H. Goodyear, M. A. (Yale, 1867) | Curator Department of Fine Arts in the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences | * * * | London: | Sampson, Low, Marston & Company | Limited | St. Dunstan's House, Fitter Lane, Fleet Street, E. C., | 1891.

Chapters on Lotus and Swastika.

GOULD, S. C. The Master's Mallet or the Hammer of Thor.

_Notes and Queries_, (Manchester, N. H.), Vol. III (1886), pp. 93-108.

HADDON, ALFRED C. Evolution in Art: | As Illustrated by the | Life-Histories of Designs. | By | Alfred C. Haddon, | Professor of Zoology, Royal College of Science, Corresponding | Member of the Italian Society of Anthropology, etc. | With 8 Plates, and 130 Figures in the Text. | London: | Walter Scott, Ltd., Paternoster Square. | Charles Scribner's Sons, | 153-157 Fifth Avenue, New York. | 1895.

The meaning and distribution of the Fylfot, pp. 282-399.

HAMPEL, JOSEPH. Antiquités préhistoriques de la Hongrie; Erstegom, 1877. No. 3, pl. XX.

---- Catalogue de l'Exposition préhistorique des Musées de Province; Budapest, 1876, p. 17.

HAMY, Dr. E. T. Decades Américanæ | Mémoires | d'Archéologie et d'Ethnographie | Américaines | par | le Dr. E.-T. Hamy | Conservateur du Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro. | Première Livraison | (Picture) | Paris | Ernest Leroux, Editeur | Libraire de la Société Asiatique | de l'École des Langues Orientales Vivantes, etc. | 28, Rue Bonaparte, 28 | 1884.

8º, pp. 1-67.

Le Svastika et la roue solaire en Amérique, pp. 59-67.

HEAD, BARCLAY V. Synopsis of the Contents | of the | British Museum. | Department of | Coins and Medals. | A Guide | to the principal gold and silver | Coins of the Ancients, | from circa B. C. 700 to A. D. 1. | With 70 Plates. | By | Barclay V. Head, Assistant Keeper of Coins. | Second Edition. | London: | Printed by order of the Trustees. | Longmans & Co., Paternoster Row; B. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly; | A. Asher & Co., 13, Bedford Street, Convent Garden, and at Berlin; | Trübner & Co., 57 and 59, Ludgate Hill. | C. Rollin & Feuardent, 61, Great Russell Street, and 4, Rue de Louvois, Paris. | 1881.

8º, pp. i-viii, 1-128, pl. 70.

Triskelion, (Lycian coins), three cocks' heads, pl. 3, fig. 35.

Punch-marks on ancient coins representing squares, etc., and not
Swastika. Pl. 1, figs. 1, 3; pl. 4, fig. 24; pl. 4, figs. 7, 8, 10;
pl. 5, fig. 16; pl. 6, figs. 30, 31; pl. 12, figs. 1, 3, 6.

HIGGINS, GODFREY. Anacalypsis | or | attempts to draw aside the veil | of | the Saitic Isis | or, | an inquiry into the origin | of | Languages, Nations, and Religions | by | Godfrey Higgins, Esq. | F. S. A., F. R. Asiat. Soc., F. R. Ast. S. | of Skellow Grange, near Doncaster. | London | Longman, &c., &c., Paternoster Row | 1836.

Vols. I, II.

Origin of the Cross, Lambh or Lama; official name for Governor is
Ancient Tibetan for Cross. Vol. I, p. 230.

HIRSCHFELD, G. Vasi arcaici Ateniesi. Roma, 1872. Tav. XXXIX and XL.

HOLMES, W. H. Art in Shell of the Ancient Americans.

_Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1880-81.

The cross, pls. XXXVI, LII, LIII. Spirals, pls. LIV, LV, LVI.
Swastika, (shell gorget, the bird,) pls. LVIII, LIX. Spider, pl. LXI.
Serpent, pls. LXIII, LXIV. Human face, pl. LXIX. Human figure, pls.
LXXI, LXXII, LXXIII. Fighting figures, pl. LXXIV.

---- Catalogue of Bureau Collections made in 1881.

_Third Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1881-82.

Fighting figures, fig. 128, p. 452.

Swastika in shell, from Fains Island, fig. 140, p. 466.

Spider, same, fig. 141.

Spirals on pottery vase, fig. 165, p. 484.

---- Ancient Pottery of the Mississippi Valley.

_Fourth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1882-83.

Spirals on pottery, figs. 402, p. 396; 413, p. 403; 415, 416, p. 404;
435, p. 416; 442, p. 421; in basketry, fig. 485, p. 462.

Maltese cross, fig. 458, p. 430.

---- Ancient Art in the Province of Chiriqui.

_Sixth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1884-85.

Conventional alligator, series of derivations showing stages of
simplification of animal characters, figs. 257 to 528, pp. 173-181.

Spindle-whorls, Chiriqui, figs. 218-220, p. 149.

---- The Cross used as a Symbol by the Ancient Americans.

_Trans. Anthrop. Soc._, Washington, D. C., II, 1883.

HUMPHREYS, H. NOEL. The | Coin Collector's Manual, | or guide to the numismatic student in the formation of | A Cabinet of Coins: | Comprising | An Historical and Critical Account of the Origin and Progress | of Coinage from the Earliest Period to the | Fall of the Roman Empire; | with | Some Account of the Coinages of Modern Europe, | More especially of Great Britain. | By H. Noel Humphreys, | Author of "The Coins of England," "Ancient Coins and Medals," | etc., etc. | With above one hundred and fifty illustrations | on Wood and Steel. | In two volumes. | London: | H. G. Bohn, York Street, Convent Garden. | 1853.

12º, (1), pp. i-xxiv, 1-352; (2), pp. 353-726.

Punch-marks on ancient coins, Vol. I. pls. 2, 3, 4. Triquetrum,
triskele or triskelion on coins of Sicily, Vol. I, p. 57, and note.

KELLER, FERDINAND. The | Lake Dwellings | of | Switzerland and Other Parts of Europe. | By | Dr. Ferdinand Keller | President of the Antiquarian Association of Zürich | Second Edition, Greatly Enlarged | Translated and Arranged | by | John Edward Leo, F. S. A., F. G. S. | Author of Isca Silurum etc. | In Two Volumes | Vol. I. (Vol. II) | London | Longmans, Green and Co. | 1878 | All rights reserved.

8º, Vol. I, text, pp. i-xv, 1-696; Vol. II, pls. CCVI.

Swastika, Lake Bourget, pattern-stamp and pottery imprint, p. 339,
note 1, pl. CLXI, figs. 3, 4.

LANGDON, ARTHUR G. Ornaments of Early Crosses of Cornwall.

Royal Institute of Cornwall, Vol. X, pt. 1, May, 1890, pp. 33-96.

LE PLONGEON, AUGUSTUS. Sacred Mysteries | Among | the Mayas and the Quiches, | 11,500 Years Ago. | Their Relation to the Sacred Mysteries | of Egypt, Greece, Chaldea and India. | Free Masonry | In Times Anterior to The Temple of Solomon. | Illustrated. | By Augustus Le Plongeon, | Author of "Essay on | the Causes of Earthquakes;" "Religion of Jesus Compared with the | Teachings of the Church;" "The Monuments of Mayas and | their Historical Teachings." | New York: | Robert Macoy, 4 Barclay Street. | 1886.

8º, pp. 163.

Cross and Crux ansata, p. 128.

---- Mayapan and Maya Inscriptions.

_Proc. Am. Antiq. Soc._, Worcester, Mass., April 21, 1881.

Also printed as a separate. See pp. 15, 17, and figs. 7, 13, and
frontispiece.

LITTRÉ'S FRENCH DICTIONARY. Title, Svastika.

McADAMS, WILLIAM. Records | of | Ancient Races | in the | Mississippi Valley; | Being an account of some of the Pictographs, sculptured | hieroglyphics, symbolic devices, emblems, and tra- | ditions of the prehistoric races of America, with | some suggestions as to their origin. | With cuts and views illustrating over three hundred objects | and symbolic devices. | By Wm. McAdams, | Author of * | * | * | * | * | St. Louis: | C. R. Barns Publishing Co. | 1887.

4º, pp. i-xii, 1-120.

Mound vessels with painted symbols, sun symbols, cross symbols, cross
with bent arms (Swastika), etc., Chap. XV, pp. 62-68.

Cites Lord Kinsborough, "Antiquities of Mexico," for certain forms of
the cross, of which the first is the Swastika and the third the
Nandavartaya Chap. xvii, pp. 62-68.

MACRICHIE, DAVID. Ancient | and | Modern Britons: | A Retrospect. | London: | Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., | 1 Paternoster Square. | 1884.

Two vols., 8º. (1), pp. i-viii, 1-401; (2), i-viii, 1-449.

Sculptured stones of Scotland (p. 115), the Newton stone, a compound
of Oriental and western languages (pp. 117-118). Ethnologic
resemblances between old and new world peoples considered. Vol. II
(app.).

MALLERY, GARRICK. Picture writing of the American Indians.

_Tenth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1888-89, pp. 1-807, pls. I-LIV,
figs. 1-1290.

Sun and star symbols, figs. 1118-1129, pp. 694-697. Human form (cross)
symbols, figs. 1164-1173, pp. 705-709. Cross symbols, figs. 1225-1234,
pp. 724-730. Piaroa color stamps, fret pattern, fig. 982, p. 621.

MARCH, H. COLLEY. The Fylfot and the Futhore Tir.

Cited in _Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian
Society_, 1886.

MASSON, ----. [The Swastika found on large rock near Karachi.]

_Balochistan_, Vol. IV, p. 8, cited in Ogam Monuments, by Brash, p.
189.

MATÉRIAUX pour l'Histoire Primitive et Naturelle de l'Homme. Revue mensuelle illustrée. (Fondée par M. G. De Mortillet, 1865 à 1868.) Dirigée par M. Émile Cartailhac. * * *

Swastika, Vol. XVI, 1881.

Prehistoric Cemeteries in Caucasus, by E. Chantre, pp. 154-166.

Excavations at Cyprus, by General di Cesnola, p. 416.

Signification of the Swastika, by M. Girard de Reale, p. 548.

Swastika, Vol. XVIII, 1884.

Étude sur quelques Nécropoles Halstattiennes de l'Autriche et de
l'Italie. By Ernest Chantre, Swastika on Archaic Vase, fig. 5, p. 8.
Croix Gammée, figs. 12 and 13, p. 14. Cross, p. 122. Swastika, pp.
137-139. Swastika sculpté sur pierre, Briteros, Portugal, fig. 133, p.
294.

Necropolis of Halstatt, pp. 13, 14; p. 139, fig. 84; p. 280, Report of
spearhead with Swastika and runic inscription, found at Torcello, near
Venice, by Undset.

Swastika, Vol. XX, 1886.

Frontispiece of January number. Swastika from Museum, Mayence.

MATTHEWS, WASHINGTON. The Mountain Chant.

_Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1883-84, pp. 379-467, pls.
X-XVIII, figs. 50-59.

Swastika in Navajo Mountain Chant. Second (?) Dry Painting, pl. XVII,
pp. 450, 451.

MONTELIUS, OSCAR. The | Civilization of Sweden | in Heathen Times | by | Oscar Montelius, Ph. D. | Professor at the National Historical Museum, Stockholm. | Translated from the Second Swedish Edition | Revised and enlarged for the author | by | Rev. F. H. Woods, B. D. | Vicar of Chalfont St. Peter. | With Map and Two Hundred and Five Illustrations. | London | Macmillan and Co. | and New York. | 1888.

pp. i-xvi, 1-214.

The wheel with cross on many monuments of the Bronze Age became almost
unknown during the Age of Iron (in Scandinavia). It was the contrary
with the Swastika. Compte-Rendu, Cong. Inter. d'Anthrop. et d'Arch.
Préhistorique. 7{me} session, 1874, I, pp. 439, 460.

MOOREHEAD, WARREN K. Primitive Man | In Ohio | by | Warren K. Moorehead | Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science | Author of "Fort Ancient, the Great Prehistoric | Earthwork of Ohio," etc. | G. P. Putnam's Sons | The Knickerbocker Press, | 1892.

pp. i-xii, 1-246.

Discoveries in Hopewell Mound, Chillicothe, Rose County, Ohio, pp.
184-196.

Swastika, p. 193.

MORGAN, J. DE. Mission Scientifique | au Caucase | Etudes | Archæologiques et Historiques | par | J. De Morgan | Tome Premier | Les Premiers Ages Des Métaux | Dans l'Arménie Russe | Paris | Ernest Leroux, éditeur | 28, Rue Bonaparte, 28 | 1889.

8º, (1), pp. i-iii, 1-231; (2), pp. i-iv, 1-305.

Swastikas on bronze pin-heads from prehistoric Armenian graves. Vol.
I, p. 160, figs. 177, 178, 179.

MORTILLET, GABRIEL et ADRIEN DE. Musée | Préhistorique | par | Gabriel et Adrien de Mortillet | Photogravures Michelet | Paris | C. Reinwald, Libraire-Éditeur | 15, Rue des Saints-Pères, 15 | 1881 | Tous Droits Réservés.

4º. Planches C, figs. 1269.

Tintinnabulum and Buddha with Swastika, pl. XCVIII, fig. 1230. Swiss
Lake pottery, fig. 1231. Swastika, many representations, pl. XCIX,
figs. 1233, 1234, 1235, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1244, 1246, 1247, 1248,
1249; pl. C, figs. 1255, 1256, 1257, 1261, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266,
1267. Crosses--divers, pl. XCIX, etc.

MORTILLET, GABRIEL DE. Le Préhistorique | Antiquité de l'Homme | par Gabriel de Mortillet | Professeur d'anthropologie préhistorique | à l'École d'anthropologie de Paris. | 64 figures intercalées dans le texte. | Paris | C. Reinwald, Libraire-Éditeur | 15, Rue des Saints-Pères, 15 | 1883 | Tous droits réservés.

12º, pp. 1-642.

Communications between Europe and America, pp. 186, 187.

---- Le Signe | de la Croix | Avant | le Christianisme | par | Gabriel de Mortillet | Directeur des Matériaux pour l'Histoire positive et philosophique | de l'homme | avec 117 gravures sur bois. | Paris | C. Reinwald, Libraire-Éditeur | 15, rue des Saints-Père, 15 | 1866 | Tous droits réservés.

See p. 182.

MÜLLER, F. MAX. Chips | from | A German Workship. | By Max Müller, M. A., | Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. | Essays on * * | New York: | Scribner, Armstrong & Co. | Successors to Charles Scribner & Co.

Essays on Mythology, Traditions, and Customs. Svasti, Sanscrit,
meaning joy or happiness. Vol. II, p. 24.

Swastika. Letter to Dr. Schliemann, "Ilios," pp. 346-349.

Swastika, Review of, Athenæum (Lond.), No. 3332, Aug. 20, 1892, p.
266.

MÜLLER, LUDWIG. [Swastika.]

_Proc. Royal Danish Academy of Science_, Fifth series, Section of
History and Philosophy, Vol. III, p. 93.

MUNRO, ROBERT. Ancient | Scottish Lake Dwellings | or Crannogs | with a Supplementary Chapter on | Remains of Lake Dwellings in England | by | Robert Munro, M. A. | M. D., F. S. A. Scot. | (Design) | Edinburgh: David Douglas | 1881 | All rights reserved.

8º, pp. i-xx, 1-326.

Swastika on pin and triskelion on plank, crannog of Lochlee, figs. 144
and 149, pp. 130-134.

Note by Montelius, figs. 11 and 12, p. 131.

---- The | Lake Dwellings | of | Europe: | Being the | Rhind Lectures in Archæology | for 1888. | By | Robert Munro, M. A., M. D., | Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland; Author of | "Ancient Scottish Lake Dwellings or Crannogs." | Cassell & Company, Limited: | London, Paris & Melbourne. | 1890 | (All rights reserved).

4º, pp. i-xl, 1-600.

Swastika in Lake Bourget (Savoy), fig. 195, Nos. 11 and 12, pp. 532
and 538; in Lisnacroghera (Ireland), fig. 124, No. 20; triskele, fig.
124, No. 22, pp. 383, 585.

NADAILLAC, Marquis de. Prehistoric America | by the | Marquis de Nadaillac | Translated by N. D'Anvers | Edited by W. H. Dall | (Design of Vase) | with 219 illustrations | New York and London | G. P. Putnam's Sons | The Knickerbocker Press | 1884.

8º, pp. i-vii, 1-566.

Swastika (?) alleged to be on the Pemberton hammer from New Jersey,
pp. 22, note 1, citing Professor Haldeman, Sept. 27, 1877, Rep.
Peabody Museum, 1878, p. 255. Dr. Abbott denounces this inscription as
a fraud. Primitive Industry, p. 32.

NEWTON, JOHN. History of Migration of the Triskelion from Sicily to the Isle of Man, through Henry III of England and Alexander III of Scotland.

_Athenæum_, No. 3385, Sept. 10, 1892, pp. 353, 354.

NICHOLSON, CORNELIUS. Report of Swastika found in recently explored Mosaic pavement in Isle of Wight, Munro's "Ancient Scottish Lake Dwellings," note, p. 132.

PETRIE, W. M. FLINDERS. Naukratis (Greek inscription). | Part I, 1884-85 by | W. M. Flinders Petrie. | With Chapters by | Cecil Smith; Ernest Gardner, B. A.; | and Barclay V. Head. | (Design, two sides of coin.) | Third Memoir of | The Egypt Exploration Fund. | Published by Order of the Committee. | London: | Trübner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. | 1886.

Folio, pp. 1-100, pls. 1-28.

Swastika in Egypt, fourth and fifth centuries B. C., pl. IV, fig. 3.
Meander Swastikas, pl. V, figs. 15, 24.

PRÄHISTORISCHE BLÄTTER. | Von | Dr. Julius Nan, in München. | VI. Jahrg., 1894. München. Nr. 5. Mit Taf. XI-XV.

Söderberg, Sven. Die Thierornamentik der Völkerwanderungszeit. | Mit
Tertabildungen und Tafel XI-XV. | Lund, Sweden. Figs. 12, 13, p. 73.

PRIME, WILLIAM C. Pottery and Porcelain | Of All Times And Nations | With Tables of Factory and Artists' Marks | For the Use of Collectors | by William C. Prime, LL. D. | (Design) | New York | Harper & Brothers, Publishers | Franklin Square | 1878.

8º, pp. 1-531.

Symbolic marks on Chinese porcelain. Tablet of honor inclosing
Swastika. Fig. 155, p. 254; fig. 33, p. 61.

QUEEN LACE BOOK, The. A | Historical and Descriptive Account of the Hand-Made | Antique Laces of All Countries. | * * | with | Thirty Illustrations of Lace Specimens, and seven Diagrams of | Lace Stitches. | London: | "The Queen" Office, 346, Strand, W. C. | 1874. | All rights reserved.

pp. i-viii, 1-38.

Swastika design in linen embroidery and cutwork (Sixteenth Century.
Geometric Style). pl. 1, fig. 2.

RAWLINSON, GEORGE. The Religions | of | the Ancient World. | By | George Rawlinson, M. A. | Author of "The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient | Eastern World," etc. | New York: | Hurst & Co., Publishers, | 122 Nassau Street.

12º, pp. 1-180.

Religion of the Ancient Sanscrit Indians. Agni, the god of Fire,
described pp. 87, 89. Sun, Wind, Dyaus (Heaven), and Prithivi (Earth).
Nothing said about Swastika or Solar circle.

RICHTER, MAX OHNEFALSCH. Excavations in Cyprus.

_Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop._, Paris, Vol. XI (ser. III), pp. 669-682.

ROBINSON, DAVID. A Tour | through | The Isle of Man: | To which is subjoined | A Review of the Manx History. | By David Robertson, Esq. | London: | Printed for the Author, | by E. Hodson, Bell-Yard, Temple-Bar. | Sold by Mr. Payne, Mews-Gate; Messrs. Egertons, Whitehall; | Whites, Fleet Street; and Deighton, Holborn. | 1794.

4º narrow, pp. 235.

Triskelion--Coat of arms of Isle of Man.

ROCKHILL, WILLIAM WOODVILLE. Diary of a Journey | through | Mongolia and Tibet | in | 1891 and 1892 | by | William Woodville Rockhill | Gold Medalist of the Royal Geographical Society | (Design.) | City of Washington | Published by the Smithsonian Institution | 1894.

4º, pp. i-xx, 1-413.

Swastika (yung-drung) tattooed on hand of native at Kumbum, p. 67.

SACHEVERELL, WILLIAM. An | Account | of the | Isle of Man, | its | Inhabitants, Language, Soil, re- | markable Curiosities, the Succession | of its Kings and Bishops, down to | the present Time. | By way of Essat. | With a Voyage to I-Columb-kill. | By William Sacheverell, Esq.: | Late Governour of Man. | To which is added, | A Dissertation about the Mona of Cæsar and | Tacitus; and an Account of the Antient | Druids, &c. | By Mr. Thomas Brown, | Address'd in a Letter to his Learned | Friend Mr. A. Sellars. | London: | Printed for J. Hartley, next the King's Head Tavern. | R. Gibson in Middle Row, and Tho. Hodgson over a- | gainst Gray's-Inn Gate in Holborn, 1702.

12mo, pp. 175.

Triskelion--Coat of arms of Isle of Man.

SCHICK, Herr Baurath VON. The Jerusalem Cross.

_Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement_, July, 1894, pp.
183-188.

SCHLIEMANN, HEINRICH. Atlas Trojanischer Alterthümer. | Photographische Abbildungen | zu dem | Berichte | über die Ausgrabungen in Troja | von | Dr. Heinrich Schliemann. | (Design) | Leipzig: | In Commission bei F. A. Brockhaus. | 1874.

Folio, pp. 1-57, plates, 1-217.

Spindle whorls--_passim_. Swastikas on many specimens from fig. No.
142 to 3468. No. 237 is in U. S. National Museum as part of Mme.
Schliemann's collection.

SCHLIEMANN, HENRY. Ilios | The City and Country | of | the Trojans | The Results of Researches and Discoveries on the Site of Troy and | Throughout the Troad in the Years 1871-72-73-78-79 | Including an | Autobiography of the Author | By Dr. Henry Schliemann | F. S. A., F. R. I. British Architects | Author of "Troy and Its Remains," "Mycenæ," etc. | With a Preface, Appendices, and Notes | By Professors Rudolf Virchow, Max Müller, A. H. Sayce, J. P. Mahaffy, H. Brugsch-Bey, P. Ascherson, M. A. Postolaccas, M. E. Burnouf, Mr. F. Calvert, and Mr. J. A. Duffield. | (Greek Verse) | With Maps, Plans, and About 1,800 Illustrations. | New York | Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square | 1881. |

8º, pp. i-xvi, 1-800.

Swastika: Introduction, p. xi, and pp. 229, 231, 303, 349, 353, 416,
518, 571, 573.

"Owl-faced" (?) vases, figs. 227, 1293, 1294. Fig. 986 (not owl, but
human, Virchow), pp. xiii, xiv.

Figures of Swastika on spindle-whorls--_passim_--fig. 1850 is in the
U. S. National Museum.

---- Mycenæ; | A Narrative of Researches and Discoveries | at Mycenæ and Tiryns. | By Dr. Henry Schliemann, | Citizen of the United States of America, | Author of "Troy and Its Remains," "Ithaque, Le Peloponnèse et Troie," | and "La Chine et le Japon." | The Preface | By the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M. P. | Maps, Plans, and Other Illustrations. | Representing more than 7,000 Types of the Objects Found in the | Royal Sepulchres of Mycenæ and Elsewhere | In the Excavations. | New York: | Scribner, Armstrong & Company. | 1878. | (All Rights Reserved.)

8º, pp. i-lxviii, 1-384, Swastika, pp. 77, 165, 259, figs. 383, 385,
and many others.

---- Troja | Results of the Latest | Researches and Discoveries on the | Site of Homer's Troy | And in the Heroic Tumuli and Other Sites | Made in the Year 1882 | and a Narrative of a Journey in the Troad in 1881 | by | Dr. Henry Schliemann | Hon. D. C. L., Oxon., and Hon. Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford | F. S. A., F. R. I. B. A. | Author of "Ilios," "Troy and its Remains," and "Mycenæ and Tiryns" | Preface by Prof. A. H. Sayce | with 150 Woodcuts and 4 Maps and Plans | (Quotation in German from Moltke: Wunderbuch, p. 19, Berlin, 1879) | New York | Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square 1884.

8º, pp. 1-434.

Swastika, preface xviii, xxi, pp. 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128.

Spiral form, pp. 123.

Lycian coins--triskelion, pp. 123, 124.

SCHVINDT, THEODOR. Vihko 1-4 | Suomalaisia koristeita. | 1. Ompelukoristeita. | Finnische Ornamente. | 1. Stickornamente. | Heft 1-4 | Suolalaisen Kirjallisunden Seura Helsingissa. | 1894.

Description of Finnish national ornamental embroidery in which the
Swastika appears as a pattern made by oblique stitches, pp. 14, 15,
figs. 112-121.

SIMPSON, WILLIAM. Swastika.

_Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement_, January, 1895, pp.
84, 85.

SNOWDEN, JAMES ROSS. A Description | of | Ancient and Modern Coins, | in the | Cabinet Collection | at the Mint of the United States. | Prepared and arranged under the Direction of | James Ross Snowden, | Director of the Mint. | Philadelphia: | J. B. Lippincott & Co. | 1860.

8º, pp. i-xx, 1-412.

Punch-marks on ancient coins, and how they were made. Introduction,
pp. ix-xiv, and figures.

SQUIER, E. GEORGE. Peru | Incidents of Travel and Exploration | in the | Land of the Incas | By E. George Squier, M. A., F. S. A. | Late U. S. Commissioner to Peru, Author of "Nicaragua," "Ancient Monuments | of Mississippi Valley," etc., etc. | (Design) | With Illustrations | New York | Harper Brothers, Publishers | Franklin Square | 1877.

8º, pp. i-xx, 1-599.

Mythologic representations of earth, air, and water. The cross not
mentioned as one, p. 184.

STEVENS, GEORGE L. The Old Northern | Runic Monuments | of Scandinavia and England | Now first | collected and deciphered | by | George Stevens, Esq., F. S. A. | Knight of the Northern Star and other titles, | with many hundreds of fac-similes and illustrations partly in gold, silver, bronze and colors. | Runic alphabets; introductions; appendices; word-lists, etc. | London, John Russell Smith. | Kobenhaven, Michaelsen and Tillge. | Printed by H. H. Thiele, 1866-67.

8º, pp. i-xi, 1-625.

STEVENSON, JAMES. Collections made in New Mexico and Arizona, 1879, by James Stevenson.

_Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1880-81, pp. 307-465, figs.
347-697.

Spiral in basketry, fig. 542. Swastika (dance-rattle), fig. 562, p.
394. Maltese cross, fig. 642. Greek cross, fig. 708, p. 453.

SYKES, Lieut. Col. Notes on the religious, moral, and political state of India before the Mohammedan invasion, chiefly founded on the travels of the Chinese Buddhist priest, Fa-Hian, in India, A. D. 399, and on the commentaries of Messrs. Klaproth, Burnouf, and Landresse.

_Journal Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland_, Vol. VI,
pp. 248, 299, 310, 334.

THOMAS, CYRUS. Burial Mounds of Northern Sections of the United States.

_Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1883-84, pp. 3-119, pls. I-VI,
figs. 1-49.

Excavations in Little Etowah Mounds.

Human figures on copper plates, repoussé work, figs. 42, 43, pp. 100,
101.

Eagle (copper) Mound near Bluff Lake, Union County, Illinois, fig. 48,
p. 105.

---- Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology.

_Twelfth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology_, 1890-91, pp. 1-730, pls.
I-XLII, figs. 1-344.

Human figures (copper), repoussé work, figs. 186, p. 304; 189, p. 306.

Eagle Mound in Illinois, fig. 192, p. 309.

Swastika on shell, Big Toco Mound, Tennessee, fig. 262, p. 383.

THOMAS, G. W. Excavations in Anglo-Saxon Cemetery, Sleaford, Lincolnshire. Swastika.

_Archæologia_, Vol. L, 1887, pt. 2, p. 386, pl. XXIV, fig. 2.

TYLOR, EDWARD B. Anthropology: | An Introduction to the Study of | Man and Civilization. | By | Edward B. Taylor, D. C. L., F. R. S. | With Illustrations. | New York: | D. Appleton and Company, | 1, 3, and 5 Bond Street. | 1881.

12º, pp. 1-448.

Spinning and spindle whorls, pp. 247, 248.

---- Primitive Culture | Researches into the Development of | Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, | Language, Art and Custom | by | Edward E. Tylor, LL. D., F. R. S., | Author of "Researches into the Early History of Mankind," etc. | (Quotation in French) | First American, from the Second English Edition | In Two Volumes | (Design) | Boston | Estes & Lauriat | 143 Washington Street | 1874.

8º, (1), pp. i-xii, 1-502; (2), pp. i-viii, 1-470.

WAKE, C. S. The Swastika and Allied Symbols.

_Am. Antiquarian_, 1894, Vol. XVI, p. 413.

The writer cites Prof. Alois Raimond Hein, Meander, etc.,
Worbelornamente in Amerika. Vienna, 1891.

WARING, J. B. Ceramic Art | in | Remote Ages; | With Essays on the Symbols of | the Circle, the Cross and Circle, | the Circle and Ray Ornament, the Fylfot, | and the Serpent, | Showing their Relation to the Primitive Forms | of | Solar and Nature Worship, | by | J. B. Waring, | Author of "Stone Monuments, Tumuli, and Ornament of Remote Ages," "Illustrations of Architecture and Ornament," | "The Art Treasures of the United Kingdom," &c., &c. | London: | Printed and Published by John B. Day, | Savoy Street, Strand | 1874.

Folio, pp. 1-127, pls. 1-55.

Swastika; Triskelion; Ancient coins. Plates 2, 3, 7, 27, 33, 41-44.

WIENER, CHARLES. Pérou | et Bolivie | Récit de Voyage | suivi | d'Études Archéologiques et Ethnograhiques | et de Notes | Sur l'Écriture et les Langues des Populations Indiennes | par | Charles Wiener | Ouvrage Contenant | 100 Gravures, 27 cartes et 18 plans | (Design) | Paris | Librairie Hachette et Cie. | 79, Boulevard Saint-Germain, 79 | 1880 | Droits de Propriété et de traduction réservés.

8º, pp. i-xi, 1-796.

Christian cross in America.--Means used to implant it. Chap. VII, pp.
716-730.

WOOD, J. G. The | Natural | History of Man; | Being | an Account of the Manners and Customs of the | Uncivilized Races of Men. | By the Rev. | J. G. Wood, M. A., F. L. S. | etc., etc. | With New Designs by Angas, Danby, Wolf, Zwecker, etc., etc. | Engraved by the Brothers Dalziel. | London: | George Routledge and Sons, The Broadway, Ludgate. | New York: 416 Broome Street. | 1868.

2 vols., 8º, pp. 774, 864.

The Gurani Indians wear the queyu or bead apron; Vol. II, p. 626, but
the Waraus wear only a triangular bit of bark, p. 623.

WRIGHT, T. F. Notes on the Swastika.

_Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement_, London. October,
1894, p. 300.

ZMIGRODZKI, MICHAEL V. Zur | Geschichte der Swastika | von | Michael V. Zmigrodzki | Mit Vier Figuren im Text und Vier Tafeln. | Braunschweig, | Druck und Verlag von Friederich Vieweg und Sohn. | 1890.

---- Histoire du Suastika.

_Congrès International d'Anthrop. et Archéol. Préhist._ Compte Rendu
de la dixième session à Paris, 1889 pp. 473-490.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATES.

Facing page.

Pl. 1. Origin of Buddha, with Swastika sign, according to Tao
Shih 800

2. Swastika decreed by Empress Wu (684-704 A. D.) as a sign for
sun in China 800

3. Swastika design on silk fabrics 800

4. Swastika in spider web over fruit 800

5. Buffalo with Swastika on forehead. Presented to Emperor of
Sung Dynasty 800

6. Incense burner with Swastika decoration. South Tang Dynasty 800

7. House of Wa Tsung-Chih of Sin Shin, with Swastika in railing 800

8. Mountain or wild date--fruit resembling Swastika. China 800

9. Punch marks on reverse of ancient coins 876

Fig. 1. Coin from Lydia. Electrum. Reverse. Oblong sinking
between two squares. Babylonic stater. The earliest known
coinage. Circa B. C. 700.

2. Phenician half stater. Electrum. Reverse. Incuse square
with cruciform ornament.

3. Silver coin of Teos. Reverse. Incuse square. Circa 544
B. C.

4. Silver coin of Acanthus. Reverse. Incuse square.

5. Silver coin of Mende. Reverse. Incuse triangles.

6. Silver coin of Terone. Reverse. Incuse.

7. Coin of Bisaltæ.[316] Reverse. Flat incuse square.
Octadrachm.

8. Silver coin of Orrescii.[316] Reverse. Incuse square.
Octadrachm.

9. Corinthian silver coin. Reverse. Incuse square divided
into eight triangular compartments.

10. Silver coin of Abdera. Reverse. Incuse square.

11. Silver coin of Byzantium. Reverse. Incuse square,
granulated.

12. Silver coin of Thrasos (Thrace). Reverse. Incuse square.

10. Engraved Fulgur (?) shell resembling statue of Buddha. Toco
mound, Tennessee. Cat. No. 115560, U. S. N. M. 880

11. Plan of North Fork (Hopewell) Works, Ross County, Ohio.
_Smithsonian Contrib. to Knowledge_, I, pl. X 888

12. Plan of Hopewell mound, Ross County, Ohio, in which
aboriginal copper Swastikas were found. _Primitive Man in
Ohio_, pl. XXXIV 888

13. Human skull, with copper-covered horns, probably of elk.
Hopewell mound, Ross County, Ohio. _Primitive Man in Ohio_,
frontispiece 890

14. Altar, Hopewell mound, Ross County, Ohio. Found near the
copper Swastika shown in fig. 244. _Primitive Man in Ohio_,
fig. XXXVII. Cat. No. 148662, U. S. N. M. 890

15. Bead necklace and garters with Swastika ornamentation. Sac
Indians 894

16. Ceremonial bead garters with Swastikas. Sac Indians, Cook
County (Kansas) Reservation 896

17. "Navajo Mountain Chant." Dr. Washington Matthews. _Fifth
Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1883-84, pl. XVII 898

18. _Folium Vitus_ ("fig leaves")--terra-cotta covers,
"_tunga_," used by aborigines of Brazil. Cat. Nos. 59089
and 36542, U. S. N. M. 904

19. Various forms of crosses in use among North American
Indians, from Greek cross to Swastika. _Second Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1880-81, pl. LIII 928

Fig. 1. Greek cross.

2. Greek cross.

3. Cross on copper.

4. Cross on shell.

5. Greek cross.

6. Greek cross.

7. Latin cross, copper.

8. Greek cross.

9. Latin cross, copper.

10. Swastika on shell.

11. Swastika on shell.

12. Swastika on pottery.

13. Swastika on pottery.

20. Palenque cross, foliated. _Smithsonian Contrib. to
Knowledge_, XXII, fig. 7, p. 33 932

21. Modern porcelain spindle-whorls. Southern France. Cat.
No. 169598, U. S. N. M. 968

22. Navajo woman using spindle and whorl. Dr. Washington
Matthews, _Third Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1881-82, pl.
XXXIV 970

23. Series of aboriginal spindles and whorls from Peru. Cat.
No. 17510, U. S. N. M. 972

24. Selected specimens of spindle-whorls from the Third,
Fourth, and Fifth cities of Troy. U. S. National Museum 974

25. Selected specimens of spindle-whorls from the Third,
Fourth, and Fifth cities of Troy. U. S. National Museum 974

TEXT FIGURES.

Page.

Fig. 1. Latin cross (_Crux immissa_) 765

2. Greek cross 765

3. St. Andrew's cross (_Crux decussata_) 765

4. Egyptian cross (_Crux ansata_), the Key of Life 766

5. Tan cross, Thor's hammer, St. Anthony's cross 766

6. Monogram of Christ. Labarum of Constantine 766

7. Maltese cross 766

8. Celtic crosses 767

9. Normal Swastika. Arms crossing at right angles, with ends
bent to the right 767

10. Suavastika. Arms bent to the left 767

11. Swastika 767

12. _Croix swasticale_ (Zmigrodzki) 767

13_a_. Ogee and spiral Swastikas. Tetraskelion (four-armed) 768

13_b_. Spiral and volute. Triskelion (three-armed) 768

13_c_. Spiral and volute (five or many armed) 768

13_d_. Ogee Swastika with circle 768

14. Nandâvartaya, a third sign of the footprint of Buddha.
Burnouf, _Lotus de la Bonne Loi_, Paris, 1852, p. 626 774

15. Typical lotuses on Cyprian vases. Goodyear, _Grammar_,
etc., p. 77 782

16. Typical lotus on Rhodian vases. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc. 782

17. Typical lotus on Melian vases. Goodyear, _Grammar of the
Lotus_ 782

18. Detail of Cyprian vase showing lotuses with curling sepals.
Met. Mus. of Art, N. Y. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl.
XLVII, fig. 1 782

19. Details of a Cyprian amphora; lotus with curling sepals,
and different Swastikas. Met. Mus. of Art, N. Y. Goodyear,
_Grammar_, etc., pl. XLVII, figs. 2 and 3 783

20. Theory of the evolution of the spiral scroll from lotus.
One volute. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., fig. 51 783

21. Theory of lotus rudiments in spiral. Tomb 33, Abd-el-Kourneh,
Thebes. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., p. 96 783

22. Concentric rings connected by tangents. Petrie, _History of
Scarabs_. 784

23. Concentric rings with disconnected tangents. Barringer
Coll., Met. Mus. of Art, N. Y. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc.,
Pl. VIII, fig. 23 784

24. Concentric rings without connection. Goodyear, _Grammar_,
etc., pl. VIII, fig. 25. Farman Coll., Met. Mus. of Art,
N. Y. 784

25. Special Egyptian meander. An illustration of the theory of
derivation from the spiral. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl.
X, fig. 9 784

26. Detail of Greek vase. Meander and Swastika. No. 2843 in
Polytechnic, Athens. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., fig. 174 785

27. Detail of Greek geometric vase in the British Museum.
Swastika, right, with solar geese. Goodyear, _Grammar_,
etc., fig. 173, p. 353 785

28. Greek geometric vase. Swastika with solar geese. Goodyear,
_Grammar_, etc., fig. 172, p. 353 785

29. Bronze statue of Buddha. Japan. Eight Swastikas on
pedestal, cane tintinnabulum with six movable rings or
bells. Cernuschi Coll. One-fifteenth natural size 799

30. Japanese potter's mark on porcelain. Swastika, left. Sir
A. W. Franks, _Catalogue_, etc., pl. XI, fig. 139; De
Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1248 799

31. Potter's mark on porcelain. China. Tablet of Honor, with
Swastika. Prime, _Pottery and Porcelain_, p. 254 801

32. Footprint of Buddha with Swastika, from Amaravati Tope.
From a figure by Fergusson and Schliemann 802

33. Explanation of Jain Swastika, according to Gandhi 804

(1) Archaic or protoplasmic life; (2) plant and animal
life; (3) human life; (4) celestial life.

34_a_. The formation of the Jain Swastika--First stage 804

34_b_. The formation of the Jain Swastika--Second stage 804

34_c_. The formation of the Jain Swastika--Third stage 805

35. Bronze pin-head from Cheithan-thagh. De Morgan, _Au
Caucase_, fig. 177 807

36. Bronze pin-head from Akthala. De Morgan, _Au Caucase_,
fig. 178 808

37. Swastika mark on black pottery. Cheithan-thagh. De Morgan,
_Au Caucase_, fig. 179 808

38. Fragment of bronze ceinture. Necropolis of Koban,
Caucasus. Swastika repoussé. Natural size. Chantre, _Le
Caucase_, pl. XI, fig. 3 808

39. Bronze agrafe or belt plate. Triskelion in spiral. Koban,
Caucasus, Chantre, _Le Caucase_, pl. XI, fig. 4 809

40. Swastika signs from Asia Minor. Waring, _Ceramic Art in
Remote Ages_, pl. XLI, figs. 5 and 6 809

41. Brand for horses in Circassia. Ogee Swastika,
tetraskelion. Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLII,
fig. 20_c_ 809

42. Fragment of lustrous black pottery. Swastika, right.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 247 810

43. Spindle-whorl with two Swastikas and two crosses; 23 feet
depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1858 811

44. Spindle-whorl, two Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1874 811

45. Spindle-whorl, two Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1919 811

46. Spindle-whorl, two Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1826 811

47. Spindle-whorl, three Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1851 811

48. Spindle-whorl, Swastikas; 23 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1982 812

49. Sphere, eight segments, one containing Swastika.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1999 812

50. Biconical spindle-whorl, Swastika. Schliemann, _Ilios_,
fig. 1949 812

51. Biconical spindle-whorl, six Swastikas; 33 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1859 813

52. Biconical spindle-whorl, two ogee Swastikas; 33 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1876 813

53. Spindle-whorl, four Swastikas; 33 feet depth. De Mortillet,
_Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1240 813

54. Spindle-whorl, one Swastika; 33 feet depth. De Mortillet,
_Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1241 813

55. Conical spindle-whorl, three ogee Swastikas; 13-1/2 feet
depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1850 814

56. Conical spindle-whorl, four Swastikas, various kinds;
13-1/2 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1879 814

57. Conical spindle-whorl, Swastikas; 13-1/2 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1894 814

58. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika; 13-1/2 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1983 815

59. Biconical spindle-whorl, three ogee Swastikas; 13-1/2 feet
depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1990 815

60. Biconical spindle-whorl, two Swastikas; 16-1/2 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1863 815

61. Biconical spindle-whorl, five ogee Swastikas; 18 feet
depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1905 816

62. Spindle-whorl, three Swastikas; 19.8 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1855 816

63. Spindle-whorl, four ogee Swastikas, with spiral volutes;
18 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1868 816

64. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika; 19.8 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1865 816

65. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika; 19.8 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1866 817

66. Biconical spindle-whorl, three Swastikas and three "burning
altars;" 19.8 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1872 817

67. Biconical spindle-whorl, four Swastikas of the Jain style;
19.8 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1873 817

68. Biconical spindle-whorl, three Swastikas of different
styles; 19.8 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1912 817

69. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika of the figure-8 style;
19.8 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1861 818

70. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika slightly ogee; 19.8
feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1864 818

71. Conical spindle-whorl, three ogee Swastikas; 13-1/2 feet
depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1852. Gift of Mme.
Schliemann. Cat. No. 149704, U. S. N. M. 818

72, 73, 74. Forms of whorls from fifth buried city of
Hissarlik, for comparison. Schliemann, _Ilios_, figs. 1801,
1802, and 1803 819

75. Terra-cotta sphere, thirteen Swastikas. Third city; 26 feet
depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, figs. 245, 246 819

76. Terra-cotta disk, one Swastika. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig.
1849 820

77. Spindle-whorl, ogee Swastika. Third city; 23 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1822 820

78. Biconical spindle-whorl, irregular Swastikas and crosses.
Fourth city; 13.6 foot depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1871 820

79. Biconical spindle-whorl, uncertain and malformed Swastikas.
Third city; 33 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1870 820

80. Biconical spindle-whorl, irregular and partly formed
Swastika with large dot in center. Fourth city; 23 feet
depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1875 821

81. Biconical spindle-whorl, flattened, two Swastikas with
indefinite decoration. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1947 821

82. Biconical spindle-whorl, one Swastika and four segments of
circles. Third city; 33 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_,
fig. 1989 821

83. Biconical spindle-whorl, flattened, ogee Swastika with
center circle. Third city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1987 822

84. Biconical spindle-whorl, six ogee Swastikas, with center
circle and dot. Third city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1862 822

85. Spherical spindle-whorl, flattened top, ogee lines which do
not form Swastikas. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1890 822

86. Biconical spindle-whorl, ogee curves not crossed to form
Swastikas. Fourth city; 10.6 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1889 822

87. Spherical spindle-whorl flattened, with two Swastikas
combined with segments and dots. Schliemann, _Ilios_,
fig. 1988 823

88. Two sections of terra-cotta sphere, central circle and
many extended arms, ogee and zigzag to the left.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1993 823

89. Spherical spindle-whorl, large central dot with 12 arms, in
same form as ogee Swastika. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1946 823

90. Spindle-whorl, central dot with ogee arms radiating
therefrom, turning in different directions, but in form of
Swastika. Third city; 29 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_,
fig. 1830 824

91. Spindle-whorl, central hole with radiating arms. Third
city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1842 824

92. Spindle-whorl, large central circle with many arms. Fourth
city; 19.8 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1837 824

93. Spindle-whorl, central hole and large circle with many
curved arms. Third city; 29 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1833 824

94. Large biconical spindle-whorl with four large crosses
with bifurcated arms. Third city; 23 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1856 825

95. Spindle-whorl, hole and large circle in center with broad
arms of Greek cross. Third city; 26.4 feet depth.
Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1820 825

96. Spindle-whorl, hole and large circle in center, extended
parallel arms of Greek cross, with dots. Third city; 23
feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1817 825

97. Spindle-whorl, arms of Greek cross tapering, with dots.
Third city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 1818 825

98. Spindle-whorl, central hole, three arms ornamented with
dots. Third city; 23 feet depth. Schliemann, _Ilios_,
fig. 1819 826

99. Biconical spindle-whorl, with four animals associated with
the Swastika. Third city; 33 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1877 826

100. Biconical spindle-whorl, with four animals associated with
the Swastika. Fourth city; 19.6 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1867 826

101. Spindle-whorl, figure-8 Swastika (?) with six "burning
altars." Fourth city; 19.6 feet depth. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 1838 826

102 to 113. Trojan spindle-whorls. Schliemann, _Ilios_ 827

114 to 124. Trojan Spindle-whorls. Schliemann, _Ilios_ 828

125. Leaden idol, Artemis Nana of Chaldea, with Swastika.
Hissarlik, 23 feet depth, 1-1/3 natural size. Schliemann,
_Ilios_, fig. 226 829

126. Terra-cotta vase with mamelon. Fourth city; 16-1/2 feet
depth. One-third natural size. Cat. No. 149676, U. S. N.
M. 830

127. Terra-cotta vase with circle or ring. Fourth city; 20
feet depth. One-third natural size. Schliemann, _Ilios_,
fig. 988 830

128. Terra-cotta vase, with circle or ring with _Croix
swasticale_. Fourth city; 20 feet depth. One-sixth
natural size. Schliemann, _Ilios_, fig. 986 831

129. Terra-cotta vase, with circle or ring inclosing Swastika.
Fifth city; 10 feet depth. Two-fifths natural size.
Schliemann, _Troja_, fig. 101 831

130. Greek vase showing deer, geese, and three Swastikas.
Naukratis, ancient Egypt, sixth and fifth centuries B. C.
Flinders Petrie, _Third Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund_, pt. 1, pl.
IV, fig. 3; and Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. LX, fig. 2 834

130_a_. Detail of vase shown in the preceding figure 834

131. Pottery fragments with two meander Swastikas. Naukratis,
ancient Egypt. Petrie, _Third Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund_, pt.
1, pl. V, figs. 24 and 15 835

132. Fragments of Greek vase with lion and three meander
Swastikas. Naukratis, ancient Egypt. Petrie, _Sixth Mem.
Egypt Expl. Fund_, pt. 2, pl. V, fig. 7; and Goodyear,
_Grammar_, etc., pl. XXX, fig. 2 835

133. Fragment of Greek vase with figures of sacred animals and
Swastikas associated with Greek fret. Naukratis, ancient
Egypt. Petrie, _Sixth Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund_, pt. 2, pl.
VI, fig. 1 836

134. Fragment of Greek vase with figures of animals, two
meander Swastikas, and Greek fret. Naukratis, ancient
Egypt. Petrie, _Sixth Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund_, pt. 2, pl.
VIII, fig. 1; and Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XXX,
fig. 10 836

135. Greek vase with deer and meander and figure-8 Swastikas.
Naukratis, ancient Egypt. _Sixth Mem. Egypt Expl. Fund_,
pl. V, fig. 1 837

136. Greek tapestry. Coptos, Egypt. First and second centuries
A. D. Forrer, _Achmim-Panopolis_, pl. IX, fig. 3 837

137. Torus of column with Swastikas. Roman ruins, Algeria.
Delamare. Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLIII, fig. 2 838

138. Bronze ingots captured at Coomassee during Ashantee war.
Swastika on each 838