Chapter XI: Part 11

139. Variations of the Greek fret. The two continuous lines
crossing each other give the appearance of Swastikas 839

140. Greek geometric vase with goose and Swastika (panel).
Smyrna. Leyden Museum. Conze, _Anfänge_;, etc., Vienna,
1870; and Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. LVI, fig. 4 839

141. Greek vase, geometric ornament, Athens. Horses, Swastika
(panels). Dennis, _Etruria_, vol. I, p. cxiii 839

142. Greek vase with Swastikas (panels). Conze, _Anfänge_,
etc., vol. 4; and Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. LX,
fig. 13 839

143. Detail of Archaic Greek vase with solar goose and
Swastika (panel). British Museum. Waring, _Ceramic Art_,
etc., pl. XLI, fig. 15 840

144. Cyprian pottery plaque with Swastika (panel). Met. Mus.
of Art, N. Y. Cesnola, _Cyprus, Its Ancient Cities, Tombs,
and Temples_, pl. XLVII, fig. 40 840

145. Detail from Cyprian vase, Swastikas in triangles.
Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. I, fig. 11 840

146. Detail of Attic vase with antelope (?) and Swastika.
British Museum. Böhlau, _Jahrbuch_, 1885, p. 50; and
Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XXXVII, fig. 9 840

147. Cyprian vase with Swastikas. Cesnola, _Cyprus_, etc.,
appendix by Murray, p. 404, fig. 15 841

148. Terra-cotta figurine with Swastikas (panels). Cesnola,
_Cyprus_, p. 300. Ohnefalsch-Richter, _Bull. Soc.
d'Anthrop._, Paris, 1888, p. 681, fig. 11 841

149. Terra-cotta vase, Swastika, and figure of horse 841

150. Bronze fibula with Swastika, goose, and fish, Boeotia,
Greece, one-half natural size. Ludwig Müller. De
Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1265 841

151. Details of Greek vase with birds and Swastikas. Waring,
_Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XXXIII, fig. 24; and Goodyear,
_Grammar_, etc., pl. XLVI, fig. 5 842

152. Detail of Cyprian vase, sun hawk, lotus, solar disk,
Swastikas. Bölau, _Jahrbuch_, 1886, pl. VIII; Reinach,
_Revue Archéologique_, 1885, II, p. 360; Chipiez &
Perrot, _Hist. of Art in Antiq._, IV, p. 564; Goodyear,
_Grammar_, etc., pl. XLV, fig. 3 842

153. Detail of Greek geometric vase with horses and Swastika.
Thera. Leyden Museum. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl.
LXI, fig. 4 842

154. Bronze fibula with large Swastika on shield. Greece.
Musée St. Germain. De Mortillet, Musée Préhistorique,
fig. 1264. One-half natural size 843

155. Greek vase, _oinochoë_, with two painted Swastikas. De
Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1244. One-quarter
natural size 843

156. Cyprian vase with animal and Swastikas. Cesnola, _Cyprus_,
etc., pl. XLV, fig. 36 843

157. Archaic Greek pottery fragment. Santorin, ancient Thera.
Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLII, fig. 2 843

158. Cyprian vase with bird, lotus, and Swastikas. Met. Mus.
of Art, N. Y. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. LX, fig. 15 844

159. Cyprian vase with two Swastikas. Cesnola Coll., Met. Mus.
of Art, N. Y. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., fig. 151 844

160. Fragment of terra-cotta vase with Swastikas, from ruins
of temple at Paleo-Paphos; 40 feet depth. Cesnola,
_Cyprus_, etc., p. 210 845

161. Wooden button, clasp, or fibula, covered with plates of
gold, ogee Swastika, (tetraskelion) in center. Schliemann,
_Mycenæ_, fig. 385, p. 259 845

162. Detail of Greek vase with goose, honeysuckle (Anthemion),
spiral Swastika. Thera. _Monumenti Inedite_, LXV, 2.
Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XLVI, fig. 7 845

163. Detail of Greek vase, Sphynx with spiral scrolls, two
meander Swastikas (right). Melos. Böhlau, _Jahrbuch_,
1887, XII; Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XXXIV, fig. 8 846

164. Detail of Greek vase, ibex and scroll, meander Swastika
(right). Melos. Böhlau, _Jahrbuch_, 1887, p. 121; and
Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XXXIX, fig. 2 846

165. Detail of Greek vase with ram, meander Swastika (left),
circles, dots, and crosses. Rhodian style. British
Museum. Salzmann, _Necropole de Camire_, LI; and
Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XXVIII, fig. 7 846

166. Cyprian vase and details with birds and Swastikas.
Perrot & Chipiez, _Chypre_, etc., p. 702; Goodyear,
_Grammar_, etc., pl. XLVIII, figs. 6 and 12; Cesnola,
_Cyprus_, etc., appendix by Murray, pl. XLIV, fig. 34,
p. 412 847

167. Cyprian vase with lotus, bosses, buds, and sepals, and
different Swastikas. Cesnola Coll., Met. Mus. of Art.,
N. Y. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XLVIII, fig. 3 847

168. Cyprian vase with bosses, lotus buds, and different
Swastikas. Cesnola Coll., Met. Mus. of Art., N. Y.
Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XLVIII, fig. 15 848

169. Detail of early Boeotian vase with horse, solar diagram,
Artemis with geese, and Swastikas (normal and meander,
right and left). Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. LXI, fig.
12 848

170. Detail of Rhodian vase with geese, circles, and dots,
Swastikas (right and left). British Museum. Waring,
_Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XXVII, fig. 9 849

171. Detail of Rhodian vase with geese, lotus, circles, and
two Swastikas (right and left). Goodyear, _Grammar_,
etc., fig. 145, pl. 271 849

172. Greek vase of typical Rhodian style with ibex, geese,
lotus, six Swastikas (normal, meander, and ogee, all
left). Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. XXXVIII, p. 251 850

173. Detail of Greek vase with deer, solar diagrams, three
Swastikas (single, double, and meander, right). Melos.
Conze, _Meliosche Thongefässe_; Goodyear _Grammar_,
etc., pl. LX, fig. 8 851

174. Archaic Greek vase from Athens with five Swastikas, of
four styles, British Museum. Birch, _History of Ancient
Pottery_, quoted in Waring's _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl.
XLI, fig. 15; Dennis, _Etruria_, Vol. I, p. xci 851

175. Detail of Archaic Boeotian vase with two serpents,
crosses, eight Swastikas (normal, right, left, and
meander). Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc., pl. LX, fig. 9 852

176. Attic vase for perfume with Swastikas of two kinds and
_Croix swasticale_. Ohnefalsch-Richter, _Bull. Soc.
d'Anthrop._, Paris, 1888, p. 674, fig. 6 852

177. Detail of Cyprian vase, Swastika with palm tree, sacred
to Apollo. Citium, Cyprus. Ohnefalsch-Richter, _Bull.
Soc. d'Anthrop._, Paris, 1888, p. 673, fig. 3 852

178. Cyprian vase, birds, Swastika, (panel). Musée St. Germain.
Ohnefalsch-Richter, _Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop._, Paris, 1888,
p. 674, fig. 6 853

179. Chariot of Apollo-Resef with sun symbol (?) on a shield;
four Swastikas, two right and two left, on quadrants of
chariot wheels. Cesnola, _Salamania_, p. 240, fig. 226;
and Ohnefalsch-Richter, _Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop._, Paris
1888, p. 675, fig. 7 853

180. Terra-cotta statue of goddess, Aphrodite-Astarte, with
four Swastikas. Curium, Cyprus. Ohnefalsch-Richter,
_Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop._, Paris, 1888, p. 676, fig. 8 853

181. Cyprian centaur with one Swastika. Cesnola, _Salamania_,
p. 243, fig. 230; Ohnefalsch-Richter, _Bull. Soc.
d'Anthrop._, Paris, 1888, p. 676, fig. 9 853

182. Greek statue, Aphrodite-Ariadne, with six Swastikas, four
right, and two left. From Polistis Chrysokon.
Ohnefalsch-Richter, _Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop._, Paris, 1888,
p. 677, fig. 10 854

183. Hut urn (Bronze Age), Etruria. "Burning Altar" mark
associated with Swastikas. Vatican Museum 856

184. Fragment of Archaic Greek pottery with three Swastikas.
Cumæ, Campania, Italy. Rochette; Waring, _Ceramic Art_,
etc., pl. XLII, fig. 1 858

185. Cinerary urn with Swastikas in panels. Vatican Museum.
San Marino, near Albano. Pigorini, _Archæologia_, 1869 858

186. Cinerary urn with Swastikas inclosed in incised lines in
intaglio (panels). Cervetri, Italy. _Conestabile due
Dischi in Bronzo_, pl. V, fig. 2, one-sixth natural size 858

187. Gold fibula with Swastikas (left). Etruscan Museum,
Vatican. _Catalogue_, 1st pt., pl. XXVI, fig. 6, one-half
natural size 859

188. Etruscan gold bulla, Swastika on bottom. Waring, _Ceramic
Art_, etc., pl. XLII, fig. 4_a_ 859

189. Ornamental Swastika on Etruscan silver bowl, Cervetri
(Cære), Etruria. Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLI,
fig. 13 859

190. Bronze fibula with two Swastikas (supposed rays of sun),
Etruria. Copenhagen Museum. Goblet d'Alviella. One-fourth
natural size. De Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_, fig.
1263 859

191. Pottery urn ornamented with successive bands, in intaglio,
two of which bands are Swastikas. Necropolis Arnoaldi,
Italy, Museum of Bologna. Gozzadini, _Scavi Archæologici_,
etc., pl. IV, fig. 8 860

192. Fragment of pottery, row of Swastikas in intaglio,
Necropole Felsinea, Italy, Museum of Bologna. Gozzadini,
_Due Sepolcri_, etc., p. 7, one-half natural size 860

193. Swastika sign on clay bobbin. Type Villanova, Bologna.
Gozzadini Coll. De Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_,
fig. 1239 860

194. Pottery vase ornamented with bronze nail heads in form
of Swastika. Este, Italy. _Matériaux_, etc., 1884, p. 14 861

195. Fragment of pottery with Swastika stamped in relief 861

196. Stamp for making Swastika sign on pottery. Swiss lake
dwelling of Bourget, Savoy, Musée de Chambéry. Chantre,
_Age du Bronze_, figs. 53 and 55; and Keller, _Lake
Dwellings of Europe_, etc., pl. CLXI, fig. 3 861

197. Fragment of ceinture, thin bronze, repoussé, with
Swastikas of various kinds; Tumulus Alsace. Bronze Age,
Halstattien epoch. De Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_,
fig. 1255 862

198. Fragment of ceinture of thin bronze, openwork with
intricate Swastikas; Tumulus of Metzstetten, Wurtemburg.
Museum of Stuttgart, Halstattien epoch. De Mortillet,
_Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1257, and Chantre, _Caucasus_,
etc., vol. II, p. 50, fig. 25 862

199. Bronze fibula, the body of which forms a Swastika. Museum
of Mayence. De Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1206 862

200. Sepulchral urn with Swastika. North Germany. Lisch &
Schröter, Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. VII, fig. 94 862

201. Spearhead with Swastika, _Croix swasticale_ and
triskelion. Brandenburg, Germany. Waring, _Ceramic Art_,
etc., pl. XLIV, fig. 21. _Viking Age_, Vol. II, fig. 336 863

202. Bronze pin with Swastika, _pointillé_, from mound in
Bavaria. Chantre, _Matériaux_, 1884, pp. 14, 120 863

203. Runic inscription on bronze sword, inlaid with silver.
Saebo, Norway. One of the characters is a Swastika 864

204_a_. Swastika with dots. Torcello, Italy. Du Chaillu,
_Viking Age_, vol. II, fig. 335 865

204_b_. Runic inscription on spearhead. Torcello, Italy. Du
Chaillu, _Viking Age_, vol. II, fig. 335 865

205. Redding comb with Swastika. Scandinavia 865

206. Bronze brooch or fibula with combination of Swastikas.
Scandinavia 865

207. Bronze brooch with Swastikas (tetraskelions), right and
left; triskelion, left. Scandinavia 866

208. Plaque for ceinture with buckle, two ogee Swastikas
(tetraskelions) 866

209. Scandinavian sword scabbard with two ogee Swastikas
(tetraskelions), right and left 866

210. Scandinavian sword scabbard with ogee Swastika 866

211. Scandinavian sword scabbard, two triskelions, right and
left 866

212. Gold brooch with ogee Swastika. Island of Fyen. Waring,
_Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLIII, fig. 11 867

213. Scandinavian bronze silver-plated horse gear with three
Swastikas, one elaborate. Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc.,
pl. XLIV, fig. 16 867

214. Scandinavian sword scabbard with normal Swastika. Vimose
bog find 867

215. Sculptured stone with Greek cross in circle, normal
Swastika in square, and ogee Swastika in _quatrefoil_ 868

216. Fragment of thin bronze, repoussé, ogee Swastika. Ireland.
Dr. R. Munro, _Lake Dwellings of Europe_, pl. 124, figs.
20-22 868

217. Fragment of thin bronze, triskelion. Ireland. Munro,
_Lake Dwellings of Europe_, p. 384, pl. 124, figs. 20-22 868

218. Bronze pin with small normal Swastika on head. Crannog of
Lochlee, Tarbolton, Scotland. Munro, _Lake Dwellings of
Europe_, p. 417 868

219. Carved triskelion found on fragment of ash wood. Crannog
of Lochlee, Tarbolton, Scotland. Munro, _Lake Dwellings
of Europe_, p. 415 869

220. Stone altar with Swastika on pedestal. France. Museum of
Toulouse. De Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1267 869

221. Pottery bottle of dark gray with Swastika, and decoration
in white barbotine. Gallo-Roman epoch. Museum of Rouen.
De Mortillet, _Musée Préhistorique_, fig. 1246 870

222. Anglo-Saxon bronze gilt fibula, simulation of Swastika.
Long Wittenham, Berkshire 870

223. Pottery urn with band of twenty Swastikas made by hand.
White on blackish ground. Shropham, Norfolk. British
Museum. Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. III, fig. 50 871

224. Lycian coin, triskelion, with three arms representing
cocks' heads and necks 871

225, 226. Lycian coins, triskelions, with central dots and
circles, 480 B. C. Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLII,
figs. 12 and 13 871

227. Sicilian coin with quadriga and triskelion, 336-280
B. C. _Coins of the Ancients_, Brit. Mus., pl. XXXV,
fig. 28 873

228. Warrior's shield, from a Greek vase, Achilles and Hector,
Agrigentum, Sicily. Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLII,
fig. 24 873

229. Corinthian coin with punch mark resembling Swastika.
Obverse and reverse 876

230. Ancient Hindu coin. A cross with Swastika on extremity of
each arm. Cunningham, Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLI,
fig. 18 877

231, 232, 233, 234. Ancient Hindu coins with Swastikas, normal
and ogee. Cunningham, Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLI,
figs. 20, 21, 22, 23 877

235. Ancient coin with Swastika. Gaza, Palestine. Waring,
_Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. XLII, fig. 6 878

236. Gold bracteate with Jain Swastika. Denmark. Thomson,
_Atlas_, Table VII. Waring, _Ceramic Art_, etc., pl. I,
fig. 9 878

237. Shell gorget with engraved Swastika, circles, and dots.
Mound on Fains Island, Tennessee. Cat. No. 62928, U. S.
N. M 880

238. Engraved shell with Swastika, circles, and dots. Toco
Mound, Monroe County, Tenn. Cat. No. 115624, U. S. N. M. 880

239. Shell gorget. Two fighting figures, triangular
breech-clout, dots and circles, three garters and
anklets. From mound on Fains Island; associated with
fig. 237. Cat. No. 62930, U. S. N. M. _Third Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1881-82, p. 452, fig. 128 885

240. Copper plate. Etowah Mound, Georgia. Cat. No. 91113, U.
S. N. M. _Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1883-84 886

241. Copper plate. Repoussé work. Etowah Mound, Georgia. Cat.
No. 91117, U. S. N. M. 887

242. Engraved shell. Triangular breech-clout, with dots and
circles. Etowah Mound, Georgia. Cat. No. 91443, U. S.
N. M. 888

243. Copper plate repoussé (eagle). Mound in Union County,
Ill. Cat. No. 91507, U. S. N. M. 889

244. Swastika cross of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross
County, Ohio. One-fourth natural size 889

245. Flat ring of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross County,
Ohio. One-fifth natural size 889

246. Stencil ornament of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross
County, Ohio. One-eighth natural size 889

247. Stencil ornament of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross
County, Ohio. One-fourth natural size 890

248. Fish ornament of thin copper. Hopewell Mound, Ross
County, Ohio. One-sixth natural size 890

249. Lozenge-shaped stencil of thin copper. Hopewell Mound,
Ross County, Ohio. Three-fourths natural size 890

250. Spool-shaped object of copper. Repoussé and intaglio
decoration. Hopewell Mound, Ross County, Ohio. Natural
size 891

251. Fragment of engraved bone representing a paroquet.
Hopewell Mound, Ross County, Ohio. Natural size 892

252. Fragment of engraved bone probably representing a
Mississippi kite or leather-back turtle. Hopewell
Mound, Ross County, Ohio. Natural size 892

253. Fragment of engraved bone probably representing an
otter with a fish in his mouth. Hopewell Mound, Ross
County, Ohio. Natural size 893

254. Water jug, red on yellow, Swastika in center. Poinsett
County, Ark. Cat. No. 91230, U. S. N. M. 893

255. Kansa Indian war chart. Swastika, sign for winds and
wind songs. J. Owen Dorsey, _Am. Naturalist_, July,
1885, p. 670 894

256. Dance rattle, small gourd in black, white, and red,
ogee Swastika on each side. Cat. No. 42042, U. S. N. M.
_Second Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1880-81, fig. 562 896

257. Pima Indian war shield with ogee Swastika (tetraskelion)
in three stripes of color, (1) blue, (2) red, (3) white.
Cat. No. 27829, U. S. N. M. 900

258. Pima Indian war shield with ogee Swastika. The hole near
the lower arm of the Swastika was made by an arrow shot.
(Property of F. W. Hodge) 900

259. Colonial patchwork with pattern resembling Swastika.
_Scribner's Magazine_, September, 1894 901

260. Fragment of the foot of a stone metate with Swastika.
Nicaragua. Cat. No. 23726, U. S. N. M. 902

261. Fragment of stone slab with ogee Swastika (tetraskelion)
from ancient Maya city of Mayapan. Inscription translated
as "fire" by Le Plongeon. _Proc. Amer. Antiq. Soc._, April
21, 1881 903

262. Different forms of Swastika, placed together for comparison 905

263. Shell gorget, cross, circle, sun rays (?), and the heads
of four ivory-billed woodpeckers (?) arranged to form a
Swastika. Mississippi 906

264. Shell gorget from Tennessee 907

265. Shell gorget from Tennessee 907

266. Shell gorget from Tennessee 908

267. Scalloped shell disk (_Fulgur_), with three spiral volutes
(triskelion). From mound near Nashville, Tenn. 909

268. Scalloped shell disk with circles, dots, and four spiral
volutes (tetraskelion). Mound near Nashville, Tenn. 910

269. Shell disk, unfinished engraving, dot and circle in
center, and ogee Swastika (tetraskelion) marked, but not
completed. Brakebill mound, near Knoxville, Tenn. 911

270, 271. Engraved shell disk (obverse and reverse) with
three-armed volutes (triskelion) 911

272. Engraved shell disk with three-armed volute or spiral
Swastika (triskelion). From mounds in Tennessee 912

273. Engraved shell disk. Three-armed volute (triskelion).
Tennessee 912

274. Engraved shell disk. Three-armed volute (triskelion).
Tennessee 913

275, 276, 277, 278. Engraved shell gorgets (_Fulgur_)
representing the spider, with circles and Greek
crosses. From stone graves and mounds in
Illinois and Tennessee 913, 914, 915

279. Engraved shell gorget (_Fulgur_) representing
rattlesnake. From McMahon mound, Tennessee. _Second
Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1880-81, pl. LXIII 915

280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285. Engraved shells (_Fulgur_)
with representations of the human face. (For
comparison.) From Tennessee and Virginia 916, 917

286. Engraved shell (_Fulgur_). Human figure. McMahon
mound, Tennessee. (For comparison.) _Second Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1880-81, pl. LXXI 917

287. Engraved shell (_Fulgur_). Human figure. (For
comparison.) Mound in Tennessee. _Second Ann. Rep. Bur.
Ethnol._, 1880-81, pl. LXXII 918

288. Engraved shell gorget (_Fulgur_). Human figure. (For
comparison.) Missouri. _Second Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._,
1880-81, pl. LXXIII 919

289. Pottery vessel, with four-armed volute, ogee Swastika,
(tetraskelion). Arkansas. One-third natural size 920

290. Pottery vessel, four volutes resembling Swastika. Pecan
Point, Ark. One-third natural size 920

291. Pottery vessel, animal shaped, volutes, nine arms. Pecan
Point, Ark. One-third natural size 920

292. Pottery bowl, volutes with many arms. Arkansas.
One-third natural size 921

293. Pottery vase, volutes. Arkansas 921

294. Tripod pottery vase, four-armed volutes making spiral
Swastika. Arkansas. One-third natural size 922

295. Pottery bowl with spiral Swastika, five arms, in bottom.
Poinsett County, Ark. Cat. No. 114035, U. S. N. M. Two
views, top and side 923

296. Vessel of black ware, spiral scroll. Arkansas 924

297. Pottery bowl, bird shaped with three parallel incised
lines with ribbon fold. Charleston, Mo. 924

298. Pottery bottle with three parallel incised lines turning
with ribbon fold. Charleston, Mo. 925

299. Basket work with many armed volutes. _Fourth Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1882-83, fig. 485 925

300. Engraved shell gorget disk. Greek cross resembling
Swastika, incised lines. Mound, Union County, Ill. 926

301. Engraved shell gorget with Greek cross. Charleston,
Mo. _Second Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1880-81, pl. LI,
fig. 2 927

302. Engraved shell gorget disk. Greek cross, inchoate
Swastika. _Second Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1880-81,
Pl. LII, fig. 3 928

303. Fragment of copper disk. Greek cross in center circle.
Ohio. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y. _Second Ann. Rep. Bur.
Ethnol._, 1880-81, pl. LII, fig. 4 928

304. Engraved shell disk gorget, rude cross with many dots.
Lick Creek, Tenn. _Second Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._,
1880-81, pl. LII, fig. 2 929

305. Engraved shell, Greek cross, hatched. Caldwell County,
N. C. Cat. No. 83169, U. S. N. M. 929

306. Engraved shell three-armed (triskelion). Lick Creek,
Tenn. Cat. No. 83170, U. S. N. M. 929

307. Drilled and engraved shell or "runtee" with dotted
Greek cross in circle. Arizona 930

308. Drilled and engraved shell or "runtee," dots and rings
forming circle and Greek cross. Ohio 930

309. Drilled and engraved shell or "runtee," dots and rings
forming circle and Greek cross. New York 930

310. Pottery jar with crosses, encircling rays and scallops.
_Third Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1881-82, fig. 188 931

311. Olla, decorated with Greek and Maltese crosses. _Second
Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1880-81, fig. 708 932

312. Pottery water vessel, Maltese cross. _Second Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1880-81, fig. 642 932

313. Pottery vase finely decorated in red and white glaze.
Mexico. Maltese cross with sun symbol (?). Cat. No.
132975, U. S. N. M. 933

314. Greek cross representing winds from cardinal points.
Dakota Indians. _Tenth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1888-89,
fig. 1225 934

315. The cross in connection with circle. Sun symbols (?).
Petroglyphs _a_ to _f_, Hopi Indians, Oakley Springs,
Ariz.; _g_, Maya Indians. _Tenth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._,
1888-89, figs. 1118, 1120, and 1126 935

316. Circles and rays, probably representing sun symbols. _a_
to _f_, Hopi Indians, Oakley Springs, Ariz.; _g_ to
_k_--Ojibways 935

317. Crosses with circles, star symbols. Oakley Springs, Ariz. 936

318. Star symbol, circle and rays without cross. Oakley
Springs, Ariz. 936

319. Crosses, circles, and squares representing lodges.
Dakota Indians 936

320. Latin cross representing dragon fly. Dakota Indians 936

321. Double cross of six arms, representing dragon fly. Moki
Indians, Arizona. _Tenth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._,
1888-89, fig. 1165 937

322. Crosses representing flocks of birds, Eskimos. Cat. Nos.
44211 and 45020, U. S. N. M. _Tenth Ann. Rep. Bur.
Ethnol._, 1888-89, fig. 1228 937

323. Large white Greek cross, petroglyph. Tulare Valley,
California. _Tenth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1888-89,
fig. 1229 937

324. Petroglyphs from Owens Valley, California. _a_, _b_,
Greek cross; _c_, double Latin cross; _d_ to _f_, Latin
crosses representing human figures. _Tenth Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1888-89, fig. 1230 938

325. Cross in zigzag lines representing human form. Navajo
Indians 938

326. Maltese cross (?), representing a woman; breath in the
center 939

327. Maltese and St. Andrew's crosses, emblems of maidenhood.
Moki Indians 939

328. Cross with bifurcated foot representing human form.
Shaman, Innuits 939

329. St. Andrew's crosses, symbol for wood. _Tenth Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1888-89, fig. 1233 940

330. Graphic delineation of the alligator, from a vase of the
lost-color group. Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur.
Ethnol._, 1884-85, fig. 257 941

331. Graphic delineation of the alligator, from a vase of the
lost-color group. Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur.
Ethnol._, 1884-85, fig. 258 941

332. Conventional figure of alligator, from lost-color ware.
Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._,
1884-85, fig. 259 942

333. Conventional figure of alligator crowded into a short
rectangular space. Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1884-85, fig. 265 942

334. Conventional figure of alligator crowded into a circle.
Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._,
1884-85, fig. 266 942

335. Series of figures of alligators, showing stages of
simplification. Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur.
Ethnol._, 1884-85, fig. 277 943

336. Series showing stages in the simplification of animal
characters, beginning with the alligator and ending with
the Greek cross. Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur.
Ethnol._, 1884-85, fig. 278 943

337 to 342. Terra-cotta color stamps, Mexico, with designs
similar to the Swastika. Cat. Nos. 99124, 99127, 27887,
99115, 99118, and 99122, U. S. N. M. 946

343. Terra-cotta color stamps, with designs similar to the
Swastika. Piaroa Indians, Venezuela. _Tenth Ann. Rep.
Bur. Ethnol._, 1888-89, fig. 982, p. 621 947

344. Modern churn lid with design resembling Swastika. Lapland 956

345. Stone spindle-whorl, Neolithic. Swiss lake dwelling. Cat.
No. 100641, U. S. N. M. 967

346. Stone spindle-whorl, Neolithic. Swiss lake dwelling. Cat.
No. 100641, U. S. N. M. 967

347. Stone spindle-whorl, Neolithic. Lund, Sweden. Cat. No.
5281, U. S. N. M. 967

348. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl, Neolithic or Bronze Age. Swiss
lake dwelling. Cat. No. 100642, U. S. N. M. 967

349. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl, Neolithic or Bronze Age. Swiss
lake dwelling. Cat. No. 100642, U. S. N. M. 968

350. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl, Swiss lake dwelling. Cat. No.
100642, U. S. N. M. 968

351, 352, 353. Prehistoric terra-cotta spindle-whorls.
Orvieto, Italy. Cat. No. 101671, 101672, U. S. N. M. 968

354, 355. Prehistoric spindle-whorls. Corneto, Italy. Cat.
No. 101773, U. S. N. M. 968

356. Modern spindle and whorl used for spinning thread.
Würtemberg, Germany. 969

357. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl design similar to Swastika.
Valley of Mexico. Cat. No. 27875, U. S. N. M. 970

358. Mexican terra-cotta spindle-whorl design similar to
Swastika. 971

359. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Omotepe Island, Nicaragua.
Cat. No. 28899, U. S. N. M. 971

360. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Omotepe Island, Nicaragua.
Cat. No. 28898, U. S. N. M. 971

361. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Granada, Nicaragua. Cat. No.
23295, U. S. N. M. 972

362. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Malacate, Zapatera Island,
Nicaragua. Cat. No. 29009, U. S. N. M. 972

363. Spindle-whorl, gray clay decorated with annular nodes.
Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._,
1884-85, fig. 218 972

364. Spindle-whorl of gray clay with animal figures. Chiriqui.
Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol._, 1884-85, fig. 219 973

365. Spindle-whorl of dark clay with perforations and incised
ornaments. Chiriqui. Holmes, _Sixth Ann. Rep. Bur.
Ethnol._, 1884-85, fig. 220 973

366. Terra-cotta spindle-whorl. Manizales, Colombia, South
America. Cat. No. 16838, U. S. N. M. 973

367. Bobbin or spool for winding thread (?). Type Villanova,
Corneto, Italy. U. S. N. M. 975

368. Terra-cotta bobbin or spool for winding thread (?). Type
Villanova, Bologna, Italy. Cat. No. 101771, U. S. N. M. 975

369. Bobbin (?). Mound near Maysville, Ky. Cat. No. 16748,
U. S. N. M. 976

370. Bobbin (?). Lexington, Ky. Cat. No. 16691, U. S. N. M. 976

371. Bobbin (?). Lewis County, Ky. Fine-grained sandstone.
Cat. No. 59681, U. S. N. M. 976

372. Bobbin (?). End views. Fine-grained sandstone. Maysville,
Ky. Cat. No. 16747, U. S. N. M. 977

373. Woman's woolen dress found in oak coffin. Borum-Eshoi,
Denmark. _Rep. Smithsonian Inst._ (U. S. N. M.), 1892,
pl. CI, fig. 2 978

374. Detail of woven cloth shown in the preceding figure.
Denmark. _Rep. Smithsonian Inst._ (U. S. N. M.), pl. CI,
fig. 3 979

MAP.

Facing page.

Distribution of the Swastika 904

CHART.

Page.

Showing the probable introduction of the Swastika into
different countries 794

FOOTNOTES:

[1] William Berry, Encyclopædia Heraldica, 1828-1840.

[2] Higgins, "Anacalypsis," London, 1836, I, p. 230.

[3] "Des Sciences et Religion," p. 256.

[4] R. P. Greg, "The Fylfot and Swastika," Archæologia, XLVIII, part 2, 1885, p. 298; Goblet d'Alviella, "Migration des Symboles," p. 50

[5] Stephens, "Old Northern Runic Monuments," part II, p. 509; Ludwig Müller, quoted on p. 778 of this paper; Goblet d'Alviella, "La Migration des Symboles," p. 45; Haddon, "Evolution in Art," p. 288.

[6] Page 12.

[7] "La Migration des Symboles," pp. 21, 22.

[8] "Le Culte de la Croix avant Jésus-Christ," in the Correspondant, October 25, 1889, and in Science Catholique, February 15, 1890, p. 163.

[9] Same authorities.

[10] Page 316, et seq.

[11] The native Buddhist monarchs ruled from about B. C. 500 to the conquest of Alexander, B. C. 330. See "The Swastika on ancient coins," Chapter II of this paper, and Waring, "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," p. 83.

[12] "La Migration des symboles," p. 104.

[13] "Ilios," pp. 347, 348.

[14] Bulletins de la Sociètè d'Anthropologie, 1888, p. 678.

[15] Mr. Gandhi makes the same remark in his letter on the Buddha shell statue shown in pl. 10 of this paper.

[16] "Ilios," p. 348.

[17] "Lotus de la Bonne Loi," App. VIII, p. 626, note 4.

[18] Archæologia, p. 36.

[19] Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain, III, p. 120.

[20] "Lotus de la Bonne Loi," App. VIII, p. 625, note 2.

[21] "Lotus de la Bonne Loi," p. 626.

[22] "Notes on the Religious, Moral, and Political state of India," Journ. Asiatic Soc. Great Britain, VI, pp. 310-334.

[23] Low, Trans. Roy. Asiatic Soc. of Great Britain, III, pp. 334, 310.

[24] Ibid., p. 299.

[25] Ibid., p. 299.

[26] Low, Trans. Royal Asiatic Soc. of Great Britain, III, p. 310.

[27] Indian Antiquary, II, May, 1873, p. 135.

[28] "Bilsa Topes," p. 17.

[29] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," p. 12.

[30] Tenth Congress International d'Anthropologie et d'Archæologie Prehistoriques, Paris, 1889, p. 474.

[31] Archæologia, XLVII, pt. 1, p. 159.

[32] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," p. 11.

[33] See explanation of the Swastika by Mr. Gandhi according to the Jain tenets, p. 804.

[34] "Ilios," p. 353.

[35] "Alphabetum Tibetarium," Rome, 1762, pp. 211, 460, 725.

[36] Rockhill, "Diary of a Journey through Mongolia and Tibet," Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1894, p. 67.

[37] "Des Sciences et Religion," pp. 252, 257.

[38] Vol. XI.

[39] "La Migration des Symboles," pp. 61-63.

[40] Archæologia, XLVIII, pt. 2, pp. 322, 323.

[41] "Early History of Mankind," p. 257, note C.

[42] "The Book of the Sword," p. 202, note 2.

[43] Burnouf, "Des Sciences et Religion," p. 18.

[44] The two pieces of wood of _Ficus religiosa_, used for kindling fire.

[45] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 63.

[46] Archæologia, XLIII, pt. 2, pp. 324, 325.

[47] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 64.

[48] "Fylfot and Swastika," Archæologia, 1885, p. 293.

[49] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 65.

[50] "Le Dieu gaulois du Soleil et le symbolisme de la roue," Paris, 1886.

[51] Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc., 1889, pp. 177-187.

[52] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages."

[53] "The Book of the Sword," p. 202.

[54] Trans. Lancaster and Cheshire Antiq. Soc., 1886.

[55] Haddon, "Evolution in Art," London, 1895, p. 288.

[56] Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., London.

[57] Goodyear, "The Grammar of the Lotus," pp. 4, 5.

[58] Ibid., p. 6.

[59] Goodyear, "The Grammar of the Lotus," pp. 7, 8.

[60] Ibid., p. 71.

[61] Ibid., pp. 74, 77.

[62] "Age du Bronze," Deuxieme partie, p. 301.

[63] Matériaux pour l'Histoire Primitive et Naturelle de l'Homme, 3d ser., VIII, p. 6.

[64] "Grammar of the Lotus," pl. 8, p. 81.

[65] Ibid., pp. 82-94.

[66] Ibid., p. 96.

[67] Ibid., pl. X, figs. 7-9, p. 97.

[68] Ibid., p. 354.

[69] Ibid., p. 353.

[70] Ibid., p. 354, fig. 174.

[71] Cesnola, "Cyprus, its Ancient Cities, Tombs, and Temples," p. 410.

[72] "Industrial Arts of India," p. 107.

[73] "Zur Geschichte der Swastika."

[74] "La Migration des Symboles," chap. 2, pt. 3, p. 66.

[75] Ibid., p. 67.

[76] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 69.

[77] Ibid., p. 71.

[78] "La Migration des Symboles," pp. 72, 75, 77.

[79] Ibid., p. 61.

[80] Athenæum, August 20, 1892, p. 266.

[81] Numismatic Chronicle, 1880, XX, pp. 18-48.

[82] Madras Journ. of Lit. and Sci., III, pl. 9.

[83] London, 1880.

[84] Rawlinson, "Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia," V, pl. 60; Trans. Soc. Biblical Archæology, VIII, p. 165.

[85] "History of Art in Chaldea and Assyria," I, p. 200, fig. 71.

[86] Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, 1888, pp. 674, 675.

[87] Archæologia, XLVIII, pt. 2, p. 326.

[88] Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc., 1889, XXIX, p. 180.

[89] Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund, January, 1895, pp. 81, 85.

[90] "La Migration des Symboles," pl. 3.

[91] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 93.

[92] Ibid., p. 107.

[93] "Ilios," p. XXI.

[94] Ibid., p. 352.

[95] Ibid., p. 353.

[96] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 43.

[97] "Peintures céramiques de la Grèce propre." I, pl. XV, fig. 17.

[98] "Histoire de l'art dans l'antiquité," III, figs. 513, 515, 518.

[99] Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, December 6, 1888, pp. 669, 679, 680.

[100] "Grammar of the Lotus," p. 318 et seq.

[101] Archæologia, XLVII, pt. 1, p. 159.

[102] "Ages Prehistorique de l'Espagne et du Portugal," pp. 285-293.

[103] Ibid., p. 286.

[104] Ibid., p. 293.

[105] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," p. 13.

[106] Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc., 1889, XXIX, p. 179.

[107] "Musée Préhistorique," fig. 1230; Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, 1886, pp. 299, 313, 314.

[108] "Catalogue of Oriental Porcelain and Pottery," pl. 11, fig. 139.

[109] De Morgan, "Au Caucase," fig. 180.

[110] "Pottery and Porcelain," p. 254.

[111] "Ilios," p. 352.

[112] "Le Swastika et la roue solaire en Chine," Revue d'Ethnographie, IV, pp. 319, 350.

[113] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 35.

[114] New York Independent, November 16, 1893; Science, March 23, 1894, p. 162.

[115] "Diary of a Journey through Mongolia and Tibet in 1891-92," p. 67.

[116] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 55, citing note I, Journ. Asiatique, 2{e} série, IV, p. 245, and Pallas, "Sammlungen historischer Nachrichten über die mongolischen Völkerschaften," I, p. 277.

[117] Ibid., p. 55.

[118] "Des Sciences et Religion," p. 256.

[119] "Introduction to Popular Religion and Folk Lore of North India," p. 58.

[120] Trubner & Co., London, 1883, pp. 140, pl. 60.

[121] "Âge du Bronze," pt. 1, p. 206.

[122] "Musée Préhistorique," pl. 98; "Notes de l'Origine Orientale de la Métallurgie," Lyon, 1879; "L'Âge de la Pierre et du Bronze dans l'Asie Occidentale," Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Lyon, I, fasc. 2, 1882; Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop. de Paris, 1886, pp. 299, 313, and 314.

[123] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages."

[124] "La Migration des Symboles," pp. 51, 52.

[125] "Det Saakaldte Hagebors," Copenhagen, 1877.

[126] "La Migration des Symboles," pp. 51, 52.

[127] Bull. de la Soc. d'Anthrop., December 6, 1888, XI, p. 671.

[128] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 51.

[129] "Histoire de l'Art dans l'Antiquité," IV.

[130] "Mission Scientifique au Caucase."

[131] "Recherches Anthropologiques dans le Caucase," tome deuxième, période protohistorique, Atlas, pl. 11, fig. 3.

[132] Count Goblet d'Alviella, "La Migration des Symboles," p. 51.

[133] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," pl. 41, figs. 5 and 6.

[134] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," pl. 42, fig. 20_c_.

[135] "Mines de l'Orient," V.

[136] Harper's Magazine, August, 1895.

[137] Bulletins de la Soc. d'Anthrop., 1888, II, p. 678.

[138] Dixième Congrès International d'Anthropologie et d'Archéologie Préhistorique, Paris, 1889, p. 474.

[139] "Ilios," pp. 229, 350, note 1.

[140] Ibid., figs. 63-70, p. 229.

[141] Ibid., p. 303.

[142] All spindle-whorls from the hill of Hissarlik are represented one-half natural size.

[143] Archæologia, XLVIII, pt. 2, p. 322.

[144] "Ilios," pp. 518, 571.

[145] "Ilios," fig. 1852.

[146] Ibid., p. 573.

[147] Tenth Congr. Inter. d'Anthrop. et d'Archæol. Prehist., Paris, 1889, p. 474.

[148] "Ilios," p. 418.

[149] See p. 786.

[150] "Ilios," fig. 226, p. 337.

[151] Ibid., p. 694.

[152] Ibid., p. 338.

[153] See p. 795.

[154] Genesis i, 28.

[155] Genesis viii, 17; ix, 7.

[156] Genesis iii, 16.

[157] Genesis xiii, 16; xv, 5.

[158] "Ilios," preface, p. xi.

[159] "Ilios," app. 1, p. 685.

[160] Ibid., app. 6, p. 379.

[161] "Troja," p. xii.

[162] "La Migration des Symboles," pp. 51, 52.

[163] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," p. 82.

[164] Archæologia, XLVII, pt. 1, p. 159.

[165] "Grammar of the Lotus," pl. 30, figs. 2 and 10, p. 356.

[166] "Les Tapisseries Coptes," sec. 4, pp. 5, 6.

[167] Forrer, "Die Gräber-und Textilfunde von Achmim-Panopolis," p. 20.

[168] Bull. Soc. Française de numism. et d'archéol., II, pl. 3, p. 3.

[169] "Ilios," p. 353.

[170] See p. 845.

[171] "Grammar of the Lotus," p. 352.

[172] Goodyear, "Grammar of the Lotus," pl. 61, fig. 1.

[173] See p. 795.

[174] Matériaux pour l'Histoire Primitive et Naturelle de l'Homme, XVIII, p. 14.

[175] Athenic vases painted by Andokides, about 525 B. C., represent the dress of the goddess, ornamented with Swastika and _Croix swasticale_. Am. Journ. Archæol., January-March, 1896, XI, No. 1, figs. 9, 11.

[176] "Grammar of the Lotus," pp. 348, 353.

[177] "Cyprus, its Ancient Cities, Tombs, and Temples," pl. 45, fig. 36.

[178] "History of Art in Phenicia and Cyprus," II, p. 302, fig. 239.

[179] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," pl. 42, fig. 2.

[180] "Troja," p. 123.

[181] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," frontispiece, fig. 3, and p. 115.

[182] Matériaux pour l'Histoire Primitive et Naturelle de l'Homme, 1881, XVI, p. 416.

[183] Another Rhodian vase, similar in style, with Swastikas, is shown in the "Grammar of the Lotus," pl. 37, fig. 4.

[184] G. Hirschfield, "Vasi archaici Ateniesi," Annali dell' Instituto di corrispondenza archæologica, 1872, Tav. d'Ag. K. 6, 52.

[185] Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, 1888, pp. 674-675.

[186] Ibid., p. 675.

[187] "Salaminia," p. 240, fig. 226.

[188] Aphrodite = Phenician Ashtoreth, Astarte = Babylonian Ishtar.

[189] See p. 773.

[190] Archæologia, XLVIII, pt. 2, p. 305.

[191] Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, 1888, p. 679.

[192] "Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria," I, p. 69.

[193] Ibid., II, p. 457.

[194] Annali dell' Instituto, Rome, 1871, pp. 239-279; Bulletino Instituto, Rome, 1871, pp. 31-52; Pigorini and Sir John Lubbock, "Notes on Hut Urns and other objects from Marino," London, 1869; Virchow, "Die Huttenuruen von Marino," Berlin, 1883.

[195] "Troja," p. 122.

[196] "Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria," I, p. lxxxix.

[197] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 67.

[198] See p. 786.

[199] "Ilios," p. 352.

[200] There are bronze hatchets from Italy, with Swastikas in intaglio and in relief, in Musée St. Germain. De Mortillet, "Musée Préhistorique," figs. 1153, 1154.

[201] "Lake Dwellings," pl. 161, figs. 3, 4.

[202] "Age du Bronze," pt. 2, figs. 53-55, p. 195.

[203] Zeitschrift für Ethnographie, Berlin, 1871 and 1876.

[204] Coll. Majlath Bela; Hampel, "Antiquités Préhistoriques de la Hongrie;" Erztergom, 1877, pl. 20, No. 3.

[205] Hampel, "Catalogue de l'Exposition des Musées des Provinces," Budapest, 1876, p. 17; Schliemann, "Ilios," p. 352.

[206] Matériaux pour l'Histoire Primitive et Naturelle de l'Homme, 1884, pp. 14, 120.

[207] "Old Northern Runic Monuments," pt. 3, p. 407.

[208] Proceedings of the Eighth Session, I, pp. 457-460.

[209] Du Chaillu, "Viking Age," I, fig. 335.

[210] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," pl. 43, fig. 11; "Viking Age," II, fig. 1311; Englehardt, "L'Ancien Age de Fer." fig. 28.

[211] Du Chaillu, "Viking Age," I, fig. 379.

[212] "Ogam Inscribed Monuments," p. 359, pl. xlix.

[213] Ibid., p. 358, pl. xlviii.

[214] Greg, Archæologia, XLVIII, pt. 2, pl. 19, fig. 27.

[215] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 49.

[216] Zmigrodzki, "Zur Geschichte der Suastika," taf. 6, fig. 248.

[217] "Lake Dwellings of Europe," p. 384, pl. 124, figs. 20-22.

[218] "L'Autel de Saintes et les triades gauloises," Revue Archæol., 1880, XXXIX, p. 343.

[219] Institut Archæologique Liégeois, X, 1870, p. 106, pl. 13.

[220] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 47, fig. 13.

[221] See fig. 238.

[222] Archæologia, L, pt. 2, p. 406, pl. 23, fig. 7.

[223] Archæologia, XXXI.

[224] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," pl. 43, fig. 10.

[225] Ibid., pl. 3, fig. 50.

[226] See p. 787.

[227] "History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia, Caria, and Lycia," p. 391.

[228] An unique cast of this tripod is in the U. S. National Museum, Department of Oriental Antiquities.

[229] The number of heads may have been regulated by the size of the coins in question, probably answering to different values.

[230] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," p. 85.

[231] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," pl. 13, fig. 24.

[232] Ibid., pl. 13, fig. 21.

[233] Athenæum, No. 3385, September 10, 1892, p. 353.

[234] Debrett's "Complete Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland."

[235] Snowden, "Mint Manual of Coins of all Nations," Introduction, pp. ix-xiv; Ackerman, "Roman Coins," pl. 14.

[236] The Bisaltæ and Orrescii were Thracian tribes who dwelt in the valleys of the Strymon and the Angites, to the north of the Pangæan Range.

[237] See p. 788.

[238] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," pl. 41, figs. 20-23.

[239] "Numismatic Chron.," (new series), IV.

[240] "La Migration des Symboles," figs. 17, 123.

[241] Edward Thomas, Journ. Royal Asiatic Soc. (new series), I, p. 475.

[242] "Ceramic Art in Remote Ages," p. 83.

[243] "Numismatic Chron.," pt. I, 1880. See p. 788 of this paper.

[244] Archæologia, XLVIII, pt. II, 1885, p. 306.

[245] Athenæum, August 20, 1892.

[246] "Viking Age," II, figs. 1307, 1309.

[247] Page 436, fig. 140.

[248] Proc. Royal Danish Acad. Sci., 5th ser., III, p. 94, fig. a; "La Migration des Symboles," p. 50, fig. 16.

[249] Third Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1881-82, p. 464 et seq., figs. 139-141.

[250] This theory was first announced by Antonio de Montezinos and published by MANASSEH ben ISRAEL in Amsterdam, 1636. In Leser Library, Phil., and Cohen Library, Balto. Catalogued by Dr. Cyrus Adler. First English Ed. by Moses Wall, London: 1651, republished by Dr. Grossmann, Am. Jews' Annual, 1889, p. 83.

[251] Max Müller and Ohnefalsch-Richter agree with this. See pp. 772, 773 of this paper.

[252] Cf. Ghandi, p. 882, of this paper.

[253] Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1883-84, pp. 96-106, figs. 42, 43, 45.

[254] These explorations were made for the Department of Ethnology at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893.

[255] "Prehistoric America," p. 22, note 24, fig. 9.

[256] "Primitive Industry," p. 32.

[257] American Naturalist, XIX, July, 1885, p. 670.

[258] Ibid., pl. 20.

[259] This was the last time I ever saw Mr. Dorsey. He died within a month, beloved and regretted by all who knew him.

[260] "Troja," p. 123.

[261] "The Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde, Southwestern Colorado," P. A. Norstedt & Son, Chicago, 1893.

[262] From letter of Mr. Walter Hough, Winslow, Ariz. "I send you two pieces of pottery [bearing many ogee Swastikas] from the ruins near here formerly inhabited by the Moki. Many of the bowls which we have found in this ruin had the Swastika as a major _motif_ in the decoration."

See also The Archæologist, III, No. 7, p. 248.

[263] "Troja," p. 122.

[264] The presence of the Swastika is the only purpose of this citation. The correctness of the translation is not involved and is not vouched for.

[265] Equivalent to Istar of Assyria and Babylon, Astarte of Phenicia, to the Greek Aphrodite, and the Roman Venus.

[266] Cited in "Misson Voyage d'Italie," tome 1, p. 217; Dulaure, "Histoire des Differens Cultes," II; Brantône, "Dames Galantes"; Rabelais, "Pantagruel," 3, chap. 35.

[267] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 59.

[268] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81, p. 273, pl. 54.

[269] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81, pl. 55, fig. 1.

[270] Ibid., pl. 55, fig. 2.

[271] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81, p. 276, pl. 56, figs. 1, 2.

[272] Op. cit., p. 276, pl. 56, figs. 3, 5, 6.

[273] Op. cit., p. 281.

[274] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81, pl. 61.

[275] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pls. 69-73.

[276] Figs. 402, 413, 415, 416.

[277] Third Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, fig. 157.

[278] Fourth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1882-83, fig. 442.

[279] Fourth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1882-83, p. 343, fig. 331.

[280] Third Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1881-82, fig. 165.

[281] Ibid., pp. 502, 503, figs. 186, 189.

[282] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81, p. 271, pl. 51, fig. 1.

[283] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81, pp. 272, 273.

[284] Schoolcraft, "History of the Indian Tribes," III, pl. 25; Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81, pl. 36.

[285] Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, p. 33, pl. 14, fig. 7.

[286] "La Migration des Symboles," p. 18.

[287] Tenth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1888-89, figs. 1118-1129.

[288] Eighth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 283.

[289] Tenth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1888-89, fig. 1165.

[290] Ibid., fig. 1232.

[291] Ibid., fig. 1231.

[292] Ibid., p. 729.

[293] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 61.

[294] Contrib. North American Ethnology, V, p. 144.

[295] "Historia de Mexico," I, p. 238.

[296] Ninth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1887-88, p. 479.

[297] "Myths of the New World," p. 96.

[298] "Gaspesi," London, 1691, pp. 170, 172, 199.

[299] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81, p. 270.

[300] Sixth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 173 et seq., figs. 257-278.

[301] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 269.

[302] Seventh Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 155.

[303] Second Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 269.

[304] Mem. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, 1890, p. 200.

[305] De Quatrefages, "Histoire Générale du Races Humaines," Introduction, p. 239, figs. 185-191, 193-194.

[306] Goblet d'Alviella, "La Migration des Symboles," pp. 56, 57.

[307] Proc. Am. Philosoph. Soc., xxvi, p. 177.

[308] For general lack of knowledge of Swastika in modern times, see Preface, p. 763.

[309] Finnische Ornamente. 1. Stichornamente. Heft 1-4. Soumalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura Helsingissä, 1894.

[310] Karl Blind, "Discovery of Odinic songs in Shetland," Nineteenth Century, June, 1879, p. 1098, cited by Alfred C. Haddon in "Evolution in Art," London, 1895, p. 285.

[311] Miss Fanny D. Bergen, in Scribner's Magazine, September, 1894.

[312] Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, October, 1893, p. 600.

[313] Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop., Paris, pp. 461-462.

[314] De Mortillet, "Musée Préhistorique," fig. 1239.

[315] "Prehistoric Man," p. 601.

[316] The Basaltæ and Orrescii were Thracian tribes who dwelt in the valleys of the Strymon and the Angites, to the north of the Pangæan Range.