Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: H

Letter from Thomas Duke of Gloucester and Constable of
England to King Richard II concerning the Manner of
conducting Judicial Duels.

In firste the quarelis and the billis of the appellaunt and of the defendaunt schal be pletid in the courte.before the constable and marchall. And when they may not prove ther cause by witnesse.nor bi non other manner but detrmine ther quarell bi strengthe.the ton for to prove his entent up on the tother. And the tother in the same manner for to defende him. The constable hath power for to ioyne that batayle as vecarie genrall undir god ＆ the kynge and the bataile conioynt by the Constable.he schal assigne them day and place.so that the day be not within xl.dayes after the saide batell soo conioynt.but yf it be bi the consentinge of the seyde appellaunt and defendaunt. Than he schall awarde them.poyntes of armes.other wise callid wepenes.ayther of them schal have.that is to say.longe swerde schorte swerde and dagger.so that the appellant and defendaunt.fynde sufficianunt surete ＆ plegges that echou of them schal come at his seyde day.the appellaunt for to doo his power up on the defendaunt.and the defendaunt in his defence up on the appellaunt. And this to be done.schall be gevyn un to the appellaunt hour terme and soon.for to make his preve and der (sic) and for to bethe firste within the listes. for to quite his plegges. And of the same wise of the defendaunt. And noon of hem schall do hevinesse.ille harme awaite assaute.nor non other grevaunce.nor ennye bi them nor bi non of ther frendes welwillinge.nor bi non other who soo ever it be. The kynge schal fynde the felde.for to feght in. And the (f. 125b) listes schal be made and devisid by the constable. And it is to be considerid that the listes schal be.lx.pases of lengthe and xl.paces of brede in good manner.and that the erthe be ferme stable and harde.and even made, without grete stones and that the erthe be plat.and that the listes be strongli barred rounde aboute and a gate in the este and a nother in the weste with good and stronge barrers of vij.foote of heyght or more. And it is to wite that ther schulde be faux listes withouten the principal listes betwene the whiche the men of the constable and the marchall and s’gauntes of armes of the kynges schulde be for to kepe and defend yf any wolde make any offence or fray azens the cries made in the courte in any thinge that myght be agayns the kynges Roiall mageste or lawe of armes and these men schulde be armed at all poyntes. The Constable schal have there as many men of armes as he will and the marchall also bi the assignacion of the Constable and ellis not the whiche men schal have the kepynge as is seyde. The s’gauntes of armes of the kynge schal have the keping of gates of the listes and the arestinges yf any schal be made bi the comaudemt of the seyde Constable and Marchall. The day of bataile the kynge schal be in a sege or in a shaffold on heght and a place schal be made for the Constable and marchall at the stayre foot of the seyde shaffold there where thei schal be. And than schal be axed the plegges of the appellaunt and defendaunt for to come in to the listes afore the kynge and present in the courte as prisioners un to the appellaunt and defendaunt be come in the listes and have made ther othes. When the ap (f. 126) pellaunt cometh to his iorney he schale come to the gate of the listes in the Este in such manner as he will feght with his armes and wepenis assignid to him bi the courte and ther he schal abide til he be led in bi the Constable so that when he is comen to the seyde gate the Constable and marchall schal goo thedir. And the Constable schal axe him what man he is whiche is comen armed to the gate of the listes. And what name he hathe and for what cause he is comen. And the appellaunt schal answere I am suche aman. A. de. K. the appellaunt the whiche is come to this iorney ＆c for to doo ＆c. And than the Constable schal open the viser of his basinet soo that he may playnli see his visage and if it be the same man that is the appellaunt than schal he make open the gates of the listes and schal make him entre with his seyde armes poyntes vitailes and other leuefull necessaries up on him and also his counsell with him and than he schal lede him afore the kynge and than to his tente where he schal abide til the defendaunt be comen. In the same manner schal be done of the defendaunt but that he schal entre in at the weste gate of the listes. The Constable clerk schal write and sette in the regestre the comyge and the houre of the entringe of the appellaunt and how that he entreth the listes on fote and also the harnyes of the appellaunt how that he is armed and with how many wepenis he entreth the listes and what vitailes and other leueful necessaries he bringeth in with him. In the same manner schal be don to the defendaunt. Also the Constable schal mak take hede that non other before ne behinde the appellaunt (f. 126b) nor the defendaunt brynge more wepin nor vitailes other then were assignid bi the courte. And yf it be soo that the defendaunt come not be time to his iorney and at the oure and terme limit bi the courte the Constable schal comaunde the marchall for to make calle him at the four corners of the listes the whiche schal be done in manner as it foloweth. Oyes. Oyez. Oyez. C. de. B. defendaunt come to yowre Jorney whiche ye have undirtake at this day for to aquite yowre plegges before the kinge the constable and marchall in yowre defence agayns. A. de K. appellaunt of that that he hathe put up on yow. And yf he come not be time he schal be callid the secunde time in the same manner and at the ende he schal say come the day passeth faste and yf he come not at that time he schal be callid the thridde time. But that this be betwixe hye tierce and none. In the same manner as before and at the ende he schal say the day passeth faste and the oure of none is nye soo that ye come bi the seyde oure of none at farrest in pitt that may come. But how soo ever the Constable hathe yevy oure and terme un to the defendaunt for to come to his Jorney never the lesse yf that he tarie un to the oure of none the Jugement schulde not bi right goo agayns him whethir it be in cas of treson or not. But soo is it not of the appellaunt for he muste holde the houre and time limitid bi the courte withoute any plonginge or excusacon what soo ever be it in cause of treson. The appellaunt and the defendaunt entrede in the (f. 127) listes with ther armoure wepenes vitailes and leuefull necessaries and counsell as is seyde and as thei are assigned bi the courte. The Constable schal wete the kinges wille yf he wil assigne any of his noble lordes or knyghtes of worschipe un to the sayde pties and yf he wil that the othes be made afore him or afore the Constable and marchal. And the appellaunt and defendaunt schal be serchid bi the Constable and marchall of there poyntes of armes otherwise callid wepenis that they be vowable without any man disseyte on them and yf thei be other than reson axeth they schal be taken away ffor reson good feythe and lawe of arms wil not suffre no gile nor dissayte in soo gret a dede. And it is to wite that the appellaunt and defendaunt may be armed as sewrely upon ther bodies as they will. And than the Constable schal sende firste after the marchall and than for the appellaunt with his counsell for to make his othe. The Constable schal axe him yf he wil any more protest and that he putte forthe all his ptestacions bi writinge for fro that time forthe he schal make no ptestacion. The constable schal have his clerke redy in his presence that schal ley forthe a masse book open. And than the Constable schal make his seyde clerke rede the bille of the appellaunt enterly on heyght and the bille redde the constable schal say to the appellaunt A. de K. thou knowest wel this bille and this warant and wedd’ that thou gave in oure courte thou schal lay thi right honde here up on these seyntes and schal swere in maner as foloweth (f. 127b). Thou. A.de.K. this thi bille is sothe in all poyntes and articles fro the beginyge contenynge theirn to the ende and that is thine entente to preve this day on the forsayde. C.de.B. so god the helpe and theise halowes and this othe made he schal be led agayne to his place. The constable schal make the marchal calle the defendaunt and soo schal be done to the defendaunt in the same manner as to the appellaunt. And than the Constable schal make calle bi the marchall the appellaunt agayne and schal make him leye his honde as he did afore up on the masse book and schal say. A.de.K. thou swerest that thou ne haste ne schalt have mo poyntes ne poyntes on the ne on thi bodi within these listes but thei that ben assignid bi the courte that is to say. a longe swerde schorte swerde and dagger nor non other knyf litill nor mekill ne non other instrument ne engyn of poynte ne other wise ne stone of vrtu ne herbe of vrtu ne charme ne expirmet ne karecte no non other inchauntemt bi the ne for the bi the whiche thou tristest the better to overcome the forseyde. C.de.B. thin advsarie that schal come ayens the with in these listes this day in his defence. Ne that thou ne trustest in non other thinge but onli in god and thi body and on thi rightful quarell so helpe the god and these halowes and the othe made he schal be led agayne to his place. In the same wise schal be done to the defendaunt. The whiche othes made and ther chambirleyns and srvauntes put a way. the Constable schal make calle bi the marchall the appellaunt and the defendaunt also the whiche schal be ledde (f. 128) and kepte bi the men of the Constable and marchall before them and the Constable schal say to bothe the pties. Thou A.de.K. appellour schal take. C.de.B. defendoure bi the rigt honde and he the. And we defende yow and echone of yow in the kinges name and up on the pill that longeth therto and up on pill of lesinge yowre quarell the whiche that is founden in defaute that non of yow be so hardy to doo to other ille ne grevauce thirstinge nor other harme bi the honde up on the pill afore sayde and this charge gevy. the Constable schal make yeve ther right hondis to gedir and ther lifte hondes up on the missale sayinge to the appeloure. A.de.K. appelloure thou swerest bi the feythe that thou yevest in the honde of thine advsarie. C.de.B. defondoure and bi all the halowe that thou toucheste with thi lifte honde that thou to-day this day schal doo all thi trewe power and entente bi all the weyes that thou beste may or kanste to preve thine entente on. C.de.B. thine advsarie and defendoure to make him yelden him up to thine honde and creant to crie or speke or ellis make him die bi thine honde to fore that thou wende oute of these listes bi the tyme and the sunne that the is assignid bi this courte bi thi feythe and soo helpe the god and these halowes. C. de. B. defendoure thou swerest bi thi feythe that thou yevest in the honde of thine advsarie A.de.K. appelloure and bi all the halowes that thou touchest with thi lifte honde that to day this day thou schall doo all thi trewe power and entente bi all the weyes that thou beste may or kanste to defende thine entente of all that (f. 128b) that is put on the bi. A.de.K. thin advsarie appelloure bi the feythe and soo helpe the god and all these halowes. And than the Constable schall comaunde the marchall for to crie at the foure corners of the listes in manner as foloweth. Oyez. Oyez. Oyez. We charge and comaunde bi the kynges Constable and marschall that non of gret valew ＆ of litill estate of what condicion or nacion that he be. be so hardy hens forewarde for to come negh the listes bi foure foote nor to speke nor to crie nor to make contenance nor token nor semblaunce nor noyse where bi nouther of these two prties. A.de.K. appellor ＆. C.de.B. defendour may take avauntage the ton up on the tother up on pill of lesinge lyf and membre and ther goodes at the kinges wille. And after the Constable and marchall schal avoyde all manner of pepill oute of the listes except their luftenauntz and two knyghtes for the Constable and marchall whiche schal be armed up on there bodies but they schal have nother knyf nor swerde up on them nor non other wepenes wherbi the appellaunt other the defendaunt may have therof any avauntage bi negligence of kepinge of them. But the two luftenauntz of the Constable and marchall schal have in there handes outher a spere wtoute yren for to depte them yf the kinge will make them abide in ther feghtinge whether it be to reste them or other thinge what som ever him liketh. And it is to be knowen that if yf any adminstracion schulde be made to the appellaunt or to the defendaunt of mete or of drinke or any other necessarie thinge leeful after (f. 129) that the counsell of frendes and s’vauntz ben put away of the appellaunt and of the defendaunt as is seyde the seyde adminstracion apteneth to the herawdes and also all the cries made in the seyde courte the whiche kingsz heraudes and pursevauntes schal have a place for the assignid bi the Constable and marchall as nye the listes as may goodli be soo that they may see all the dede ＆ to be redy yf thei be callid for to doo any thinge. The appellaunt in his place kepte bi som men assignid by the Constable or marchall ＆ the defendaunt in his place in the same wise. Bothe two made redy and arayed ＆ with feleschipe bi ther kepers above sayde the marchall with the ton ptie ＆ the levetenant of the Constable with the tother. The Constable sittinge in his place above sayde afore the kinge as his viker genrall and pties made redy for the feghte as is sayde bi the comaundement of the kinge. The constable schal say with hye voyce as foloweth. lessiez lez aler. that is to say lat them goo and reste a while. lessiez lez aler and reste a nother while. lessiez lez aler ＆ fair leur devoir depdieu. that is to say lat them goo and doo ther devour in goddes name. And this seyde eche man schal depte fro bothe pties soo that they may incountre ＆ doo that them semeth beste. The appellaunt ne the defendaunt may nouther ete nor drinke fro that time forthe withoute leve ＆ licence of the kinge for thinge that myght falle but yf thei wol do it bi the consentinge betwixe them. Fro this time forthe it is to be considered diligentli bi the constable that yf the kinge will make the pties feghtinge depte reste or abide (f. 129b) for wham som ever cause it be that he take good kepe how thei are deptid so that thei be in the same estate and degre in all thinges yf the kinge wil sure or make them goo to gedir agayne and also that he have good harkeninge and syghte un to them yf outher speke to other be it of yeldinge or other wise for un to him longeth the witnesse and the recorde of the wordes fro that time forthe ＆ to non other. And yf the seyde batell of treson he that is convicte ＆ discomfit schal be disarmed in the listes bi the comaundement of the Constable and a corner of the listes broken in the reprove of him bi the whiche schal be drawen oute with hors fro the same place there he is soo disarmed thorow the listis un to the place of iustice where he schal be hedid or hongid after the usage of the cuntre the whiche thinge apenteth to the marchall and to ovrsee and to pforme his seyde office and to put him in execucion and to goo or ride and to be alwey bi him til it be done and all pformed and aswel of the appellaunt as of the defendaunt for good feythe and right and lawe of armes will that the appellaunt renne in the same peyne that the defendaunt schulde doo if he were covicte and discomfit. And yf it happen soo that the kinge wolde take the quarell in his hande and make them acordid withoute more feghtinge. Than the Constable takinge the ton ptie and the marchall the tother and lede them afore the kinge and he schewinge them his wille the seedy Constable and marchall schal lede them to the on ptie of the listes with all there pointz and armor as thei are founden and havyge when the (f. 130) kynge took the quarell in his honde as is seyde. And soo they schal be led oute of the gate of the listes evenly so that the ton goo not afore the tother bi no wey in noo thinge for senne the hath taken the quarell in his hande it schulde be dishonest that outher of the pties schulde have mor disworschipe than the tother. Wherfore it hath ben seyde bi many aunciaunt men that hee that gooth first oute of the listes hath the disworschipe and this is aswel in cause of treson as in other cause what soo ever it be. The fee of the herawdes is all the poyntes ＆ armor brokin theis pt he taketh away or leveth after that he is entrid the listes aswel of the appellaunt as of the defendaunt and all the poyntes and armor of him that is discomfit be it the appellaunt other the defendaunt. The fee of the marchall is the listes the Barrers and the postes of them.

INDEX

A
“Abilment for Justus of the Pees,” 67, 68
Accidents in the lists, 11
Additional or reinforcing pieces, 40
Ameliorations in the tourney, 39
_Antiquarian Repertory_, 44, 48
_Anzogenrennen_, 100, 114
_A Outrance_, The term, 9
_Archæologia_, 69
_Archæological Journal_, 69, 102
_Armatura Spigolata_, 108
Armet with disk behind, 83
_Armorial de la Toison d’Or_, 44, 143
_Armouries of the Tower of London_, by Charles J. ffoulkes, 91
Armour of the Black Prince, 29
— imported from Germany, 38
— for the lists, 38, 40
— German and Italian forms, 38, 40
— worn by Maximilian I. at Worms in 1495, 39
— for running with pointed lances (_Scharfrennen_), 40, 98, 99
— for combats on foot, 41, 105
— bards and trappers of the fifteenth century, 45, 65
— imported from Italy and Germany, 107
— made in England, 107
Armyng points, 69
“Armyng” swords, 114
Articles of combat for the tournament at Westminster in 1511, 118
Ashmolean MSS., 44;
“Certain Triumphs,” 81
Attaints made at the tournament at Westminster in 1511, 120

B
Bards, 22, 108, 109
“Barriers” and foot combats, 41, 54, 86, 105, 117, 122,
124, 131, 133
“Barriers and Foot Combats,” a paper by Viscount Dillon, 126
Bases, 108, 116
Bâton of illegitimacy, 86
Bayard, 111
Bayard’s fight at “barriers,” 111
Beauchamp pageants, 45
Bec de faucon, 54
Behourd, The, 2
Bertrand du Guesclin, 28
Bibliothèque de Bourgogne, 44
Bisague, 69
Blending of the tournament with the pageant, 41, 78
Boeheim Wendelin, 85;
_His Waffenkunde_, 42
Boucicaut, 32
Brantôme, 166
Brasses, 10, 65
Breastplates for _rennen_ and _stechen_, 95
Bulk of the armour of the sixteenth century made in Germany, 86
Bulls against tournaments, 11
_Bundrennen_, 100, 104
Burgmaier Hans, 89, 104
Burgonet, 106
Burres, 69

C
Cap of Maintenance, The, 37
Carrousels or Karoussels, 85, 107
Carter’s _Painting and Sculpture_, 23
Casualties at tournaments, 115
Caxton’s Epilogue, 82
— reference to the Royal Joust at London in 1390, 35
Cervillière, 37
Chain-mail, 21
Challenges for the _pas d’armes_ L’Arbre de Charlemagne in 1443, 59
Challenge by an esquire of Arragon in 1400, 49
Chamfron, The, 74, 109
_Chapitres d’Armes_, 9, 48, 57, 58, 114, 122
Chargers for the tourney and their equipment, 43
— often ridden blindfolded, 43
Charles the Bold, 43, 81, 88
Charles V, the Emperor, 88
Chastelain’s _Chroniques, Jacques de Lalain_, 44
Chaucer’s _Knight’s Tale_, 27
“Checques” or scoring tablets, 120
Chroniclers of the Tournament, 9
— Mediæval Latin, 9
Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, 11
_Chronique de Monstrelet_, 44
_Chroniques de St. Remy_, 102
Collar of SS, 55, 66
Collections of Armour, 84
Colombière’s _Theater d’Honneur et de Chevalrie_, 153
Combat _à outrance_ near Vannes, 30
— on horseback at Arras in 1425, 53
— between three Portuguese and three Frenchmen in 1415, 53
Combat at Arras between five Frenchmen and five Burgundians, 55
— _à outrance_ between de Ternant and Galiot de Baltasin
in 1446, 109
Combats on foot, 105
Commines, P. de, 80
“Comyng in to the felde,” 67, 70
_Consilium Albiense_, 2
Coronal of the lance, 15, 69
Cost of jousting harnesses in the sixteenth century, 91
_Coup ou la lance des Dames_, 15
_Coup de Jarnac_, 165
_Course au pavois_, 100
Course of _Gestech_, run at Jena in 1487, 84
— _à la targe futée_, 99
— _à la queue_, 27
— _appelée Bund_, 100
Crests, 36, 37, 42
Crinet, 109
Crowds attending tournaments apt to become partisans, 12
Cuirass employed in _Rennen_, 98
Cushion or mattress placed on horse’s chest in jousting, 93
Cuisses, 70
Cyclas, 21

D
Dagworth, Sir Nicholas, 28
— brass in Blickling Church, 28
Death of Duke Philippe le Bon in 1467, 77
Decline of the tournament, 85
Decline of armour and its causes, 138
Decoration of lists _temp._ Henry VIII, 116
Deeds of Arms at Bordeaux in 1389, 32
— — — in 1402, 51
— — — at Valentia in 1403, 51
Definition of Esquires and Kings of Arms, 63
Definition of _Scharfrennen_, 97
Degradation of a Knight, 124
De La Marche, 73
Demi-harnesses, 109
De Pluvinal, 85
Differences in costume between knights and esquires, 65
Dillon, Viscount, 63, 68, 85, 105, 108
Disorderly tournament at Rochester in 1251, 16
Duel at Montereau in 1387, 30
— between the Dukes of Brittany and Bourbon, 46
— between the Bastard of Burgundy and Lord Scales in 1467, 76
Dugdale, Sir William, 148
_Dülgen_ or _Dilgen_ (Dichlinge) jousting-cuisses, 64, 98
Duke of Orleans challenges Henry IV of England, 51
Duties of “pursuivants d’armes,” 129

E
Edicts issued against tournaments, 11, 13
Effigies, 10, 20, 21
Effigy in St. Bride’s Church, Glamorganshire, 37
— Hoveringham Church, 65
— of Sir Richard Beauchamp, 66
Eglington Tournament in 1839, 139-142
_Ehrenpforte_, 89
English iron found unsuitable for armour making, 107
Enriched armour, 67, 109
Espinette, The, 36
_Excerpta Historica_, 82
Expression, The, “trapped and barded” defined, 109

F
Fatal accident in jousting to the Earl of Pembroke in 1390, 37
— — — — Henri II of France, 104, 126
Favine’s _Theatre of Honour and Knighthood_, 2, 6, 152
Feats of Arms at Entença, 31
— — Edinburgh in 1448, 64
— — near St. Omer in 1446, 71
— — at Bruges in 1446, 72
— — at Arras in 1446, 73
Fees to officers of arms, 135
_Feldrennen_, 101
_Feldturnier_, 101
Fêtes d’armes at St. Ingelbert in 1389, 5
— at Paris in 1559, 104, 125
— at Bruges in 1468, 78
Fêtes de l’Arbre d’Or in 1468, 79
ffoulkes, Chas. J., 91
Field of the Cloth of Gold, 122
Fifteenth Century, The, 38
Fight on foot between John Astley and Philip Boyle of Arragon, 67
Fine “hoasting” harness of the middle of the sixteenth century
at Berlin, 109
First joust of the Comte de Charolais at Brussels in 1452, 74
First coming into the tiltyard of Prince Charles of Wales
in 1619, 134
Fitzstephen, William, 9, 10
Fourteenth century a period of transition, 23
_Freiturnier_, 106
French King’s ordinance in 1409, 49
Friedrich of Saxony running in _Gestech_, 97
_Freydal_, 87, 88, 94, 97, 100, 101, 103, 105
Froissart, 23, 44, 155
_Fussturnier_, 106

G
Garde-rein, 95
Garter, Institution of the Order of the, 4
_Gedritts_, A, 99
_Gemeine deutsche Gestech_, 93, 94, 104
Germany captures the trade in armour from Milan, 38
_Geschiftrennen_, 99
_Geschifttartscherennen_, 100, 104
_Geschiftscheibenrennen_, 100, 105
_Gestech_ or _Stechen_, 93
_Gestech im Beinharnisch_, 93, 97, 104
_Gestech im hohen zeug_, 93
_Gestech_ ran at Leipzig in 1489, 96
Glossarium, Du Cange, 1
Göding, Heinrich, 89
Gothic armour, 65
Gothic armour of the connoisseur, 66, 108
Grand Assize, The, 147
Grand-guard, 63
Grand tournament at Brussels in 1428, 54
Grapers, 69
Great armour-smiths of the fifteenth century, 66
Great armour-smiths’ families, 38
Great wardrobe of Edward III, 26
Great jousting-helm, 94
Greaves, 70
Grelots, 103
Gunpowder and early ordnance, 23
Gurlitt, 85, 106

H
_Hach d’armes_, 62
Haenel, Professor, 85, 89
_Halbierung_, 101
Hall’s _Chronicle_, 85, 116
— florid account of the tournament at Westminster in 1511, 119
Hammer-headed axes, 74
Hardyng’s _Chronicle_, 18
Harness for the tourney became sharply divided from
“hoasting” armour, 40
Harnesses in Paris and London, for _Gestech_, 94
— at Nuremburg, for _Gestech_, 96
— for _Freiturnier_, 106
— for _Fussturnier_, 106
— for _Realgestech_, 106
Hastiludia, or spear-play, 2
Hastilude at Lincoln, 26
Hefner’s _Trachten_, 23
Helm for _Kolbenturnier_, 41
Helmet for foot-fighting, 67
Henry VIII imports German armour-smiths, 107
Henry VIII and Maximilian I take great delight in the tourney, 115
Henry VIII a successful jouster, 124
Heraldic bearings, 22
Hewitt’s _Ancient Armour_, etc., 36, 45, 69, 154
_History of the Life and Acts of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick_,
by John Rouse, 45
_Histoire Des Ducs De Bourgogne_, 53
“Hoasting” armour, 107
_Hohenzeuggestech_, 93, 94, 104
Holinshed’s _Chronicles_, 25, 85, 116
_Horda Angel-Cynnan_, 52
Horses charged at an amble in jousting, 94
Horse’s collar of bells, 96
“How a man schall be armyd at his ese when he schal fighte
on foote,” 71
“How lances shall be broken,” 80

I
Illuminations in Chronicles, 10
— of jousting at the tilt, 67
— depicting the arming of a man for a combat on foot, 70
Illustrations of _Geschifttartscherennen_ and
_Geschiftscheibenrennen_, 100
— —_Anzogenrennen_, 100
— — _Krönlrennen_, 100
— — tournaments of the sixteenth century, 67
Influence of the tournament, 138

J
Jambers, 108
Jean de Féore de St. Remy, 45
Jocelin of Brakelond, 12, 16
John Astley’s fight on foot with Phillippe Boyle of
Arragon in 1442, 56
Joust, The: William of Malmesbury’s definition, 3
Joust at the tilt: its origin and salient features, 102
— Cuirass employed, 103
Jousting armour at Dresden, 84
— exploits of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, 52
— helm, 93
— shield, 64, 96
— salade, 98
— cuisse, 98
— lances, 41
— in the open, 39
— traditions of Burgundy transferred to Germany and Austria, 81
— played a great part in the daily routine of the German Courts, 42
Jousts of courtesy with pointed lances, 97
— — Peace, 9
— — War, 9
— at Blei in 1256, 17
— of the early part of the fourteenth century, 23
Jousts pictured in _Codex Balduini Treverencis_, 25
Joust at Cheapside in 1330, 25;
at Dunstable in 1341, 25;
those held in 1347, 26;
at Northampton, Dunstable, Canterbury, Bury, Reading,
and Eltham, 26;
at Rennes in 1357, 28;
jousts held in honour of the marriage of Charles VI of France, 31;
jousting in Scotland in 1398, 37;
at the coronation of Queen Jane, 52;
jousting at the tilt at Dijon in 1443, 59;
at Tours in 1446, 61;
at Ghent in 1445, 62;
between John Astley and Philip Boyle, 67;
between John Astley and Pierre de Masse, 1438, 68;
jousts and pageants at Lille in 1453, 75;
jousting at Paris in 1468, 81;
“iust roial” at the marriage of Richard Duke of York, 81;
joust at the tilt between William IV of Bavaria and the
Pfalzgraf Friedrich of the Rhine in 1510, 103;
joust at Paris in 1513, 114;
at Naumburg in 1505, 114;
at Lille in 1513, 114;
jousts at the tilt in honour of the coronation of Henry VIII, 116;
at Richmond in 1510, 117;
at Greenwich in 1513, 120;
at Greenwich in 1517, 121;
jousting at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 122;
jousting at Greenwich in 1536, 124;
jousts and barriers held in 1558, 125;
jousts at Westminster in 1581, 131.
_Joûte Allemand_, 93
_Joûte au harnois de jambe_, 93
_Joûte à la haute barde_, 93
_Joûtes à outrance_, 9
Judicial combats properly classed with the tournament, 8
— Duel, The, 145
— — _temp._ Richard II, 154;
at Paris 1386, 155;
between Dukes of Hereford and Norfolk, 156;
between men and their wives, 158;
with spiked clubs, 159;
duel at Arras in 1431, 161;
at Quesnoy in 1405, 161;
at Smithfield in 1446, 163;
duel compounded in 1446, 162;
duel at Valenciennes in 1455, 163;
in France in 1547, 165;
at Haddington in 1548, 165.
— duels became rare _temp._ Queen Elizabeth, 166
— duel of the knightly order in 1603, 167
— — ordered in 1571, 167; and in 1817
Jupon, 28
_Justes mortelles_, 97
Juvenal des Ursins, 31, 155

K
_Kampfschurz_, 105
“Kerchief of Plasaunce,” 27
King Philippe Augustus sends a challenge to King Richard I, 13
King Edward III invades France, 26
King Henri IV challenges Mayenne to single combat, 127
King René’s writings illustrated by himself, 46
“Kinges of Armes and Hauraldes,” 131
Kings of Arms, 16
Knight-errantry, 11
Knightly panoply of the thirteenth century, 21
Knightly armour of late in the thirteenth century, 28
_Kolbenturnier_, 41, 94
_Kolben_ or baston, 41
_Krönlrennen_, 101

L
Lance, The, 18, 69, 90, 96, 98, 108
Lances rebated in 1252, 3, 15
Lance-heads, 41
Lance-rest, 40, 95
La Statuta d’Armes de Turneys _temp._ Henry V, 53
Latest phrase of _cap-à-pie_ armour, 138
Laton, 66
Law for judicial combats in abeyance for a long period, 167
Law for trial by combat repealed _anno_ 1818, 168
Leitner, Querin von, 85
Letters of safeguard, 115
Lists, 77, 122, 147
Lists described, 14;
their officials, 15;
only five authorized in England, 14;
frequently artificially lighted, 42;
strewn with sand or tanning refuse, 40
Lists for foot combats, 67
Lists at Dijon in 1443, 57;
at West Smithfield in 1467, 76
Literature concerning tournaments, 85
Locking gauntlet, 49, 106
Lombarde, 10

M
_Magenblech_, 98
Main courses of the joust, 92
_Maneige Royal_, 85
Manifer or mainfare, 64
Mantling or Lambrequin, 37, 95
Manuscripts in Burgundian Library, 143
Marche, De La, 77, 78
Marie of Burgundy, 88
Matthieu de Courci, 65
Matthew Paris, 9
Matthew of Westminster, 9
Mattress, A, protects the horse’s breast, 39
“Maximilian” armour, 108
Maximilian I, 43, 87
— — engages armour-smiths at Milan, 39
— of Austria a successful jouster, 124
Maximilian II mounted for _Scharfrennen_, 99
Mechanism in shields for _Genschifttartscherennen_
and _Geschiftscheibenrennen_, 100
_Mêlée_, The, 46, 100;
much supplanted by the joust, 41
_Mémoires de la Marche_, 44, 76
_Mémoires de Sire de Haynin_, 46
Menestrier, 85
Method of tilting described, 39
Meyrick, 63, 69
Meyrick’s _Critical Essay on Antient Armour_, 46
Milan the chief seat for the manufacture of body-armour, 38
_Military and Religious Life in the Middle Ages_, 62
Modern revivals of the tournament, 139
Monkish chronicles, 34
Monstrelet, 44
Montfaucon, 153
Moton or Bisague, 69
Motons, 83, 95
Mounted models at Dresden, 84
Much that is fanciful and unreal written about tournaments, 85

N
Narrow escape from death of Henry VIII in tilting, 123
New forms of jousting with variants, 86
New forms of civil dress always reflected in armour, 107
New modes of armour of fifteenth century had their birth
in Italy, 66
_Nugæ Antiquæ_, 46
Number of courses usually run at a joust tended to increase, 29

O
Ordeal, Early form of, 147
Order of the Garter, 26
— Golden Fleece, 44
“Ordinance of kepyng of the Felde,” 131
Ordinances, statutes, and rules promulgated
by John Tiptoft in 1466, 46
Origin of the joust, 3
_Origines Juridiciales_, 148
Orle or wreath, 37

P
Pageantry combined with tournaments often of
incredible puerility, 116
Paper on “A MS. Collection of Ordinances of Chivalry
of the fifteenth century,” 67
Paris, Matthew, on the Round Table, 3
_Pas d’armes_ at Arras in 1435, 55;
at L’Arbre de Charlemagne near Dijon in 1443, 57;
at West Smithfield in 1467, 76;
at Greenwich _temp._ Henry VII, 82;
at Ayre in Picardy in 1494, 111;
Pas de la Pélerine in 1446, 71;
L’Arbre d’Or in 1468, 61;
at end of fifteenth century, 48;
at Westminster in 1501, 113
— — frequently combined with masques and mummeries, 75
Pas-gard, The, 63, 106, 108
Patents taken out in England for models of horses for jousting
fitted with mechanical appliances for impulsion, 91
“Peasecod-bellied” breastplates, 104
Peffenhauser, Anton, 91, 106
Penalties inflicted for the infraction of tournament rules, 12
Pensill, The, 70
Père, Daniel, 13
Permanent lists, 107
Perquisites of officials of lists, 15
Persons exempted from judicial duels, 148
Peytral, The, 109
_Pfannenrennen_, 101, 105
_Pfeifenharnis_, 109
Philippe le Bon, 45
Pictorial representations of jousts and tournaments, 23
Pictures of jousts in the _Gewehrgallerie_, Dresden, 89;
picture at Dresden of models of horses impelled for charging
by a mechanical apparatus, 90;
of the procession to the lists at the tournament at
Westminster in 1511, 117;
of a legal duel, 151;
of an informal legal duel, 153;
of a knightly judicial duel, 164
_Pièces d’avantage_, 63
Poldermiton, The, 64, 96
Position of peaks or tapuls on the breastplate, 110
Preuilli, Geoffroi de, 1
Prince Dolphin of Auvergne, 132
Prizes, 16, 76, 86, 111, 114, 125, 127
Proofs by fire and water, 146

Q
Queue, The, 40, 95
Quintain, The, 6, 75

R
Ranulph de Glanville, 148
_Rasthaken_ or queue, 104
_Realgestech_, 103, 106
Realistic tournament at Paris, 31
Records of tournaments in the College of Arms, London, 85;
among the Ashmolean, Harleian, and Cottonian MSS, 85
Reinforcing pieces, 63, 64;
first appear in England in the reign of Edward IV, 40;
worn at Ghent in 1445, 63
René d’Anjou, 55, 131
_Rennen_, 89;
at Minden between August of Saxony and Johann von Ratzenberg, 99
Representations of the tourney on tapestry and carvings on ivory, 10
Revival of the tournament in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 125, 126
Robert of Gloucester, 9
Rockenburger, Sigmund, 99
Roger de Hoveden, 9;
his _Annals_, 12
“Roiall iustes” at Smithfield in 1358;
at London in 1359, 27;
and 1362, 28
Roll of purchases for the tournament at Windsor Park in 1278, 18
Roll in the Heralds’ College of the “iusts” at Westminster
in honour of Queen Katherine, 117
Romance of Richard Cœur de Lion, Sir Ferumbras, and others, 23;
Roman de Rou, 9;
du roy Miliadus, 23;
Perceforest, 27;
Petit Jehan de Saintré, 45;
Three King’s Sons, 130
Round Table (_Tabula Rotunda_) Definition, 6;
Reason for the institution given by Dugdale, 4;
Round Table held by the Earl of Mortimer at Kenilworth
in 1279, 3, 17;
Actual Round Table at Winchester, 4;
Henry III forbad the holding of a round table in 1251, 13;
Round Table at Windsor in 1344, at Valenciennes in same year, 6;
at Windsor in 1343, 1345, 1352, 4, 26;
at Lichfield in 1348 or 1349, 26
Routine of an early tournament, 15
Royal Jousts, 24;
in 1513, 1515, 1519, 1520, 121;
1539, 124
Rules for the tournament promulgated by King René, 46
— — — the _Mêlée_ and for “Barriers,” 47
— in France for judicial combats, 151;
for conducting them in England _temp._ Richard II, 160;
_temp._ Richard III, 161;
_temp._ Henry VIII, 165
Running at the Ring, 6, 7
_Rüsthaken_, or lance-rest, 95, 104

S
Sabatons, 70
Saddles: each form of joust had its special type, 39, 42, 43, 93,
94, 98, 102
Safeguards granted for tournaments, 85
Sainte-Palaye on the tournament, 139
_Scharfrennen_, or _Rennen_, 89, 93, 97;
realistic representation at Dresden, 99
_Scharmützel_ at Dresden in 1553, 106;
at Eltham in 1515, 121;
at Westminster in 1581, 132
Schaufflein, Hans, 88
_Schwänzel_, 95, 99
Scoring of points in jousting, 49, 131
Scoring “Checques,” 127, 129, 130
Seals, 10
Seigneur de la Marche, 45
Serious accidents in jousting, 55, 56
Seusenhofer, Conrad, 92, 108
Shields, 37, 99, 100, 101, 104
Singular judicial duel between Jews, 153
— form of judicial duel, 159
Skirmish at Toury in 1380, 29
Societé de Bibliophiles Belges, 46
“Solemne iusts enterprised in 1400,” 49
“Solemn Triumphes” at Richmond in 1494, 84;
at London in 1502, 114
Some fashions of armour in the sixteenth century
very ineffective, 107
Speyer, Peter von, 109
Spurs, 99
Standard of mail, 65
Statuta de Armis, 19
_Stechen_, 89
Stephen, King, 10
_Stirnplätter_, 63, 98
Strengthening jousting harness, 38
Subterranean jousting at Montereau in 1420, 53
Suits at Paris and Dresden for jousting at the tilt, 103
_Schweifrennen_: see _Scharfrennen_, 97

T
_Tabula Rotunda_ held at Wallenden in 1252, 3
Tapestry at Valenciennes, 42, 83
Taxes levied on tournaments, 12
Tenans, Rôle of the, 33
“Tenants” at the tournament at Westminster in 1511, 118
Terms: “tourney” and “joust” often confounded with one another, 3
_Testamenta Vetusta_, 28
_Theuerdank_, 88
Thomas of Walsingham, 17
Tilt, The, 39, 67
Tilting in Tudor times, 102
“Tilting in Tudor Times,” a paper by Viscount Dillon, 130
Tilt, tourney and barriers, 133
“To arme a man,” 67, 71
“To cry a Justus of Pees,” 67, 69
“To cry a tourney,” 25
Tomaso da Missaglia, 66
Tonlet armour, 67, 108
Tournaments, Origin of, 1;
Definition by Roger de Hoveden, 1;
by Claude Favchet, 1;
Introduction claimed for Germany, 2;
Rules of 1066, 1;
Introduced into England from France, 10;
Revived in England by Richard I, 12;
tournaments of twelfth and thirteenth centuries, 11;
rough and brutal up to reign of Edward I, 11;
Banned by Church and State, 11;
controlled by Royal Ordinances, 12;
very popular in France, 13;
Edicts issued against them, 14, 16;
Forbidden in 1302, 24
Tournaments held in 1247 and 1248, 16;
at Brackley in 1250, 12;
at Neuss, 11;
at Chalòns in 1274, 16;
at Condé in 1327, 24;
at London in 1342, 25;
at Mons, 28;
at Nantes, 30;
at Cambray in 1385, 29;
at St. Ingelbert about 1389, 32;
at London in 1390, 34;
at Windsor about 1395, 35;
at Brussels in 1452, 74, 75;
on the coronation of Edward IV, 76;
at Paris in 1515, 114;
at Hampton Court in 1570, 126;
at Westminster in 1572, 129;
at Westminster in 1581, 132;
at Windsor in 1593, 133
Tournaments attained their highest development about the middle
of the fifteenth century, 85;
were much fostered at the Courts of Aix and Burgundy, 43;
closely associated with pageants and mummeries in the
sixteenth century, 86;
neglected in the reigns of Edward VI and Queen Mary, 124;
greatly prevailed at the German Courts, 86
Tournament of the Royal Amaranthus in 1620, 137;
the revival at Brussels in 1905, 142-144
Tourney. The term and its application, 114;
as practised by the Londoners in the reign of King Stephen, 10
Tourney books. René d’Anjou’s, 41, 93;
Electors of Saxony, 89;
Duke Henry of Braunschweig-Luneberg, 92;
Duke William IV of Bavaria, 92;
Maximilian I at Sigmaringen, 42, 89;
Zuganovitz Stanislaus, 92
_Traité de Tournois_, par Louis de Bruges, 45
_Traicte de la forme et Devis d’ung Tournois_, 131
Transition from chain-mail to plate-armour, 21, 65
Trappers, 91, 103, 116
Treatises against judicial duels, 167
Trial by combat: civil cases, 149;
criminal cases, 149;
the custom never took deep root in England, 148;
its scope and history, 146;
working of the institution in Germany, 157;
judicial duel at Westminster in 1380, 154;
at Sedan, 166;
combat allowed as late as 1817, 168
Triumph at Earl’s Court in 1912, 144-45
_Triumph of Maximilian_, 89, 109
“Triumphant iusts and turnies” in the second year of Henry V, 53
Trivet, 16
Typtofte Rules _anno_ 1446, 46

V
Vamplate, The, 36, 40, 98
Varlets, 14
Vauldray, Claude de, 111
_Verein für historische Waffenkunde_, 89
“Volante-Piece,” The, 63

W
Wace, 9
_Waffenkunde_, 93, 106
Wallace Collection of Armour, 94
_Wappenmeisterbuch of Hans Schwenkh_, 92, 103
Water Quintain in 1585, 133
Way, Albert, 67
Weapons for foot-fighting, 105
_Weisskünig_, 89, 100
_Welsch Gestech_ or Italian Joust, 93, 102, 104
White Hoods, 26
William of Malmesbury, 9
William of Newbury, 9, 10, 11
“Woalant piece over the head,” 82

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