Chapter II

Jousts of peace—_Joutes à outrance_—The term
“_À outrance_”—Mediæval chronicles and
chroniclers—Body-armour of the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries—Brasses and effigies—Tournaments in the
reign of King Stephen—Their introduction into England
and France—Description of the Martial Sports of
London by William Fitzstephen—William Rufus—The
knight-errant—Tournaments of the twelfth and
thirteenth centuries—Royal Edicts and Papal Bulls
issued against them—Tournaments controlled by Royal
Ordinances—Fees payable to the Crown—Tournament
near Alençon—Philip Augustus sends a challenge to
Richard of England—Tournament held at Brackley in
1250—Five authorized Lists in England—Form and
decoration of Lists—The duties of varlets—Officials
of Lists—The coronal of the lance—The routine of an
early Tournament—Prizes—Tournaments in 1236, 1247 and
1248—Interdictions by the Church—Tournament at Rochester
in 1251—Another in 1253—Tournament at Chalòns in
1247—Jousting at Blei in 1256—Round Tables at Warwick
and Kenilworth—Hardyng’s poem on the last-named—The
lance—Roll of purchases for the tournament held at
Windsor Park in 1278—_Statuta de armis_, dating towards
the end of the thirteenth century—Penalties for breaking
the rules—Effigies of Edmund Crouchback and William
de Valence—Effigy of Geoffrey de Mandeville—Knightly
panoply of the period—The age of mail—Chain-mail—The
hauberk and gambeson—Bards and trappers—Transition to
plate-armour gradual 9