Chapter IV

The fifteenth century—The tourney milder—Body-armour
strengthened—Milan the chief seat of manufacture—Less
costly armour made in Germany—Maximilian imports Italian
smiths, and Germany gradually becomes the chief centre
of the industry—Ameliorations in the tourney—The
tilt—Jousting without the tilt—The vamplate—Special
harness for the lists—The lance-rest—The queue—Jousting
lances and lance-heads—Barriers—Reinforcing pieces—The
_kolbenturnier_—The _kolben_ or baston—Crests—Hours
of the tourney—Lists often artificially lighted—The
tournament in Germany—Training of the chargers—Their
chests protected by a mattress—Spurs and saddles—The
tournament at Aix and in Burgundy—The _Chronicles_
of St. Remy, Monstrelet, Chastelain and De la
Marche—Bibliothèque de Bourgogne—Ashmolean MSS.—The
Order of the Golden Fleece—Cottonian MSS.—Life of
Richard Beauchamp—Roman de Saintré—_Tournois du Roi
René_—Statutes of Lord Typtofte, 1466—Confusion in
the terms employed by chroniclers in descriptions of
the tourney—_A Scharmützel_—Description of a _pas
d’armes_—_Chapitres d’armes_—Manner of adjudging
prizes—French ordinance against duels with the
English—“Solemne justs” attempted in 1400, but which
proved abortive—Challenge of an esquire of Arragon
in 1400—Deed of arms near Bordeaux in 1402—The Duc
d’Orleans sends a challenge to Henry IV of England—Deeds
of arms at Valentia—Exploits in the lists of Richard
Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick—Three Portuguese fight three
Frenchmen in 1415—Subterranean combats in 1420—_Statutes
d’armes, temp._ Henry V—Jousts in the reign of Henry
V—Duel at Arras in 1425—The _bec de faucon_—Tournament
at Brussels in 1428—_Pas d’armes_ at Arras in 1430—Early
mention of the tilt—Passage of arms at Arras in 1435—Sir
John Astley’s fight on foot in 1442 38