Chapter XI: Effect of the Underground Railroad

The Underground Road the means of relieving the South of many
despairing slaves 340

Loss sustained by slave-owners through underground channels 340

The United States census reports on fugitive slaves 342

Estimate of the number of slaves escaping into Ohio, 1830-1860 346

Similar estimate for Philadelphia, 1830-1860 346

Drain on the resources of the depot at Lawrence, Kansas,
described in a letter of Col. J. Bowles, April 4, 1859 347

Work of the Underground Railroad as compared with that of the
American Colonization Society 350

The violation of the Fugitive Slave Law a chief complaint of
Southern states at the beginning of the Civil War 351

Refusal of the Canadian government to yield up the fugitive
Anderson, 1860 352

Secession of the Southern states begun 353

Conclusion of the fugitive slave controversy 355

General effect and significance of the controversy 356

ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, FACSIMILES AND MAPS

The Underground Railroad: Levi Coffin receiving a company of
fugitives in the outskirts of Cincinnati, Ohio _Frontispiece_

FACING PAGE

Isaac T. Hopper 17

The Runaway: a stereotype cut used on handbills advertising
escaped slaves 27

Crossing-place on the Ohio River at Steubenville, Ohio 47

The Rankin House, Ripley, Ohio 47

Facsimile of an Underground Message _On page_ 57

Barn of Seymour Finney, Detroit, Michigan 65

The Old First Church, Galesburg, Illinois 65

William Still 75

Levi Coffin 87

Frederick Douglass 104

Caves in Salem Township, Washington County, Ohio 130

House of Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Valley Falls, Rhode
Island 130

The Detroit River at Detroit, Michigan 147

Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio 147

Ellen Craft as she escaped from Slavery 163

Samuel Harper and Wife 163

Dr. Alexander M. Ross 180

Harriet Tubman 180

Group of Refugee Settlers at Windsor, Ontario, C.W. 190

Theodore Parker 205

Thomas Wentworth Higginson 205

Dr. Samuel G. Howe 205

Benjamin Drew 205

Church of the Fugitive Slaves, Boston, Massachusetts 235

Salmon P. Chase 254

Thomas Garrett 254

Rush R. Sloane 282

Thaddeus Stevens 282

J. R. Ware 282

Rutherford B. Hayes 282

Gerrit Smith 290

Joshua R. Giddings 290

Charles Sumner 290

Richard H. Dana 290

Bust of Rev. John Rankin 307

Harriet Beecher Stowe 321

Captain John Brown 338

Facsimile of a Leaf from the Diary of Daniel Osborn
_On pages_ 344, 345

MAPS

Map of the Underground Railroad System _Facing page_ 113

Map of Underground Lines in Southeastern Pennsylvania " 113

Map of Underground Lines in Morgan County, Ohio _On page_ 136

Lewis Falley's Map of the Underground Routes of Indiana and
Michigan _On page_ 138

Map of an Underground Line through Livingston and La Salle
Counties, Illinois _On page_ 139

Map of Underground Lines through Greene, Warren and Clinton
Counties, Ohio _On page_ 140

APPENDICES

PAGES

APPENDIX A: Constitutional Provisions and National Acts
relative to Fugitive Slaves, 1787-1850 359-366

APPENDIX B: List of Important Fugitive Slave Cases 367-377

APPENDIX C: Figures from the United States Census Reports
relating to Fugitive Slaves 378, 379

APPENDIX D: Bibliography 380-402

APPENDIX E: Directory of the names of Underground Railroad
Operators and Members of Vigilance Committees 403-439