Chapter XXII: The Barren Lands, or “arctic Prairie.” (3)

Great Slave lake to Fort Simpson is all forest according to Mr. Ogilvie’s
report, 267
tar springs, 281
soil, 283
asphalt, 283
moose, 288
woodland caribou, 291
fisheries, 296
timber, 320

Great Slave river well timbered like that of lower Athabaska and Peace
rivers, 262

Green lake district, agricultural possibilities of, 112, 113
timber, 119
fish, 129

Griffin, Mr. Robert, testimony of, 33, 34

Grouard, 170

Gypsum in vicinity of Nomansland, 84
near Peace river and Slave river, 183
at the mouth of Bear river, 282

Hanbury, Mr. David T., explorations of, 21, 22
on the Barren Lands, 303
on copper deposits of the north, 330

Harmon, Mr. Daniel Williams, impression of, of the view from the heights
above the Clearwater at Methye portage, 117, 118
on the agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 144

Harrison, Mr. Alfred H., trip of exploration of, down Slave and Mackenzie
rivers, 22
on Mackenzie basin, 240

Hayter, Mr. John, testimony of, on Hudson bay region, 33

Hayes, Mr. W., opinion of, of timber in Athabaska country, 176

Hearne, Mr. Samuel, historical trip of, 9, 10, 11
fine timber on Coppermine and in other northern parts, 264

Heart lake, agricultural possibilities around, 138

Hind, Professor, report of, 2, 3

Horetzky, Charles, C.E., reconnaissance survey of, through Peace river
country, 17
report as to agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 144, 145

Howard, Inspector D. M., 1909 report of, as to agricultural possibilities
in northern part of the district, Chipewyan and Smith Landing, 138, 139
as to agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 170-173

Hudson, Henry, 6, 7

Hudson bay, timber on the shores of, 67
fish, 89
seal, 89

Hudson bay and Norway House, timber between, 68

Hudson bay region, timber resources of, 79-80
water powers available in, 80

Hudson’s Bay Company, 7, 8

Ile à la Crosse, agricultural possibilities at, 98
garden at, 108
timber in the country around, 119

“Inconnu”, the, 301

Industries and transportation in Peace river district, 171, 172

Investigations by the Canadian Parliament, 16

Iron ore on Taylor and Gillis islands, 84
at Sipiwesk lake, 86
south of Saskatchewan and Churchill rivers 124
found by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell in Churchill river district and also north of
lake Athabaska, 181
found on Peace, Clearwater and Athabaska rivers, 181
found along Clearwater river, 182
on Mackenzie river, 283

Iron, gold, silver, north of lake Athabaska, 339

Jackpine, 122

James, Captain Thomas, 7

James bay, west coast of, 57
timber on the shores of, 67
fish, 89

Jarvis, Inspector A. M., C.M.G., report of, as to wood buffalo in
Athabaska country, 197, 202

Jennings, Inspector, reports of, 302

Keele, Mr. Joseph, reconnaissance across Mackenzie mountains on Pelly,
Ross and Gravel rivers, 23
reports on timber of Gravel river, 270
on his explorations, 286
on moose in Gravel river valley, 290
fish in Gravel river, 295

Keewatin region, the, 28, 29
first part of the still unexploited northwest with which white men came
into touch, 30
diameter and ages of trees growing in different localities throughout,
71
timber in the southern part of, 68, 69
timber in the western part of, 73
mineral resources, 82
geological formations, 83
game, fur-bearing animals and fish, 88

Keith bay, timber around, 275

Kelsey, Henry, 8

King, Doctor Richard, evidence of, before the British Parliamentary
Committee of 1857 as to the agricultural possibilities of northern
Saskatchewan, 96, 97

Lac la Ronge and Prince Albert, country between, 100

Lac la Ronge district, agricultural possibilities of, 100
mineral possibilities, 126
coal, 126
general, 105, 106

Lac Seul, timber in the country about, 70

Lansdowne, lake, timber around, 66

Lawrence, Mr. Fred, F.R.G.S., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of
1907, as to agricultural possibilities and climate in Peace river country,
162, 165
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to timber in Peace river
country, 179

Liard valley from the Mackenzie has fine large spruce, 269

Lignite found inland in country south and west of James bay, 82
in its crude form, 283

Little Prairie settlement, 171

Lockhart river well timbered, 277
bear and moose, 291

Low, Mr. A. P., exploration of, 18
personal account of his trip in 1886, 39
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 39, 40, 41
his report of 1886, 39
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 68
report of his examination of country between lake Winnipeg and Hudson
bay, 82
examination before the Senate Committee of 1907, 82
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to fish in inland waters
of Keewatin, 89, 90

Lumber for building, fine, along Mackenzie, 274

MacFarlane, Mr. R., Hudson’s Bay Officer, report on Anderson river by, 277
timber, 278
on woodland caribou between lakes Winnipeg and Athabaska, 291

Mair, Mr. Charles, evidence of, on agricultural resources of Peace river
district, 170
climate of same, 174
timber in same, 179

Mackenzie, Mr. Alexander, trips of exploration of, 11
overlooking the Clearwater from Methye portage, 117
country north of the Mackenzie after leaving Slave lake, 267

Mackenzie river region, area comprised in, 29
agricultural possibilities, arable land and topography, 208
extent of watershed of, 209
table of distances, 210
navigation, 210
open season on Mackenzie river, 213
tributaries of Mackenzie, 214
ramparts of cañon of Mackenzie, 216
the “Grand View”, 217
cattle, 219
reindeer, 221
cereals, 221
root crops, 221
Professor Macoun’s testimony, 227
stock-raising, 228
R. G. McConnell, 229
William Ogilvie, 234
timber, 261, 262
muskeg and rocky areas, 261
fine balsam poplar, 268
waterpower, 271
timber, 274
coal, 281
salt springs, 281
salt, 282
iron, 283
fish and game, 288
caribou, 292
feathered game, 294
fish, 295

Macleod, Sergt. R. W., report of, on country between Fort Vermilion and
Hay river, 139-140
on buffalo in the country between Fort Vermilion and the mouth of Hay
river in Great Slave lake, 203
reports of his patrols in 1909 and 1910 from Fort Vermilion to Hay
river, 205-206

Macleod, Mr. Malcolm, before Senate Committee of 1888, 274, 275

Macoun, Professor John, report of, on the Northwest Territories, 16
and Doctor Selwyn, expedition of, 17
reference of, to northern portion of Saskatchewan as an agricultural
country in his book “Manitoba and the Great Northwest”, 98
opinion of the agricultural possibilities of Peace river country as
stated in his book “Manitoba and the Great Northwest”, 146-147
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to the character of the
Peace river country, 147-149
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to the timber in
Athabaska country, 175
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to fish in the north,
204
on Mackenzie basin, 228

Manasan falls, 51

Marble found on Marble island in Hudson bay and also at Churchill, 87

McConnell, R. G., B.A., explorations of, 18, 19
report on agricultural possibilities of Peace river country, 154-155
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 on agricultural
possibilities in Peace river country, 155-156
report on gold in northern Alberta, 180
on iron in Peace region, 181
on minerals in northern Alberta, 182, 183, 185
on petroleum in the tar sands, 188-189
opinion of the natural gas along the Athabaska river, 193-194
report on Mackenzie basin, 229
on the Mackenzie, 265
from Fort Providence along Beaver river to lake Bis-tcho, 267-268
timber about Fort Simpson, 268
timber along Liard river, 269, 270
jackpine grows as far north as Fort Good Hope, 271
timber below Fort Good Hope, 271, 272
tar springs about Great Slave lake, 281
indications of oil throughout Mackenzie valley, 282
fish in Great Slave lake district, 297

McDonald, Chief Factor A., report of, on minerals of Cree river, 126

McDougall, The Reverend Doctor John, opinion of, of the region to the
south of Split lake, 37

McInnes, Mr. William, explorations of, 23
description of the country about Winisk and Attawapiskat rivers, 47-54
report in 1903, 1904 and 1905 of his survey of the region drained by the
Winisk and the Attawapiskat, 70-71
report on region explored by him in 1906, 71-73
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 73
explorations in 1906 of the basins of Reed and Wekusko lakes and Grass
river, 84-85
further evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 85
report of his explorations about Winiskand Attawapiskat rivers, as to
game, fish and animals, 91
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to the fish in region
lying west of Hudson bay, 91-92

McKay, The Venerable Archdeacon J., evidence of, before the Senate
Committee of 1907, on Lac la Ronge district, 99-100
evidence given on the timber in the country around Lac la Ronge, 119

McKay, coal found at, 182

McLaggan, Mr. J. W., exploratory trip of, 1907, 58-59
account of his trip in 1907, 75-76
explorations for minerals, 86-87
description of the waters between Pas and Clearwater lake, 92

McMurray, agriculture at, 136

Meadow lake district, 113-114
game plentiful, 130

Medicinal springs on Clearwater river, 126

Mellor, Corporal, report of, on the country south west of Smith landing,
140
the buffalo country in northern Alberta, 202
fish in Big Buffalo river, 205

Methye lake, district, agricultural possibilities, 108-109
famous scenery, 117
timber, 120
fish, 129

Mineral resources of the country around Hudson bay, 81
observations of Rev. John Semmens in Burntwood district, 81-82
extensive rich deposits in southern part of Keewatin, 82

Missions, Church of England, 100, 106

Moberly, Mr. H. J., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1887
regarding animal life in the far northwest, 127-128
statement in writing to Senate Committee of 1887 as to wood buffalo in
northern Alberta, 196
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1887 as to game, fur-bearing
animals and fish in the north, 203-204

Monkman, Mr. Joseph, testimony of, 16

Moose north of prairies and east of Rocky mountains, 128
on Snake lake at the mouth of Sandy river, 130
a moose country, 205-206
Great Slave lake, 288
Mackenzie region, 289
Athabaska and Slave rivers, 290
around Fort Simpson, 290
Barren Lands, 355

Mounted Police, Royal Northwest, reports on Mackenzie basin, 251

Mudjatik river, timber along, 122-123

Musk-Ox, the, 351

Natural gas on the Athabaska at mouth of Little Buffalo river, 193, 194

Navigation on Mackenzie river, 209
open season on Mackenzie, 213

Nelson House, potatoes grown as far north as, 56

Nelson river country, 56

Nickel found on west shore of Reindeer lake, 125
may possibly be found on Upper Winisk river, 85

Northern Alberta region, area comprised in, 29

Northern Saskatchewan region, area comprised in, 29

Northland’s first champions, the, 6

Norway House and Cross lake, wheat grown successfully at, 56

Norway House and Hudson bay, timber between, 68

Ogilvie, William, D.L.S., exploratory trips of, in 1884 and in 1888, 18
report on agricultural possibilities in the Athabaska basin, 134
on soil and climate in Peace river country, 149-154
on waterpower on Athabaska river, 177
on waterpower on Slave river, 177
on wood buffalo in northern Alberta, 196, 197
on fish in lake Athabaska, 204
on Mackenzie basin, 234
much forest between Great Slave lake and Fort Simpson, 267
dense forest around Fort Nelson, 269
on timber on lower Mackenzie, 272
on deposits of economic minerals in Mackenzie valley, 284
on fish of the Mackenzie, 300

Oil springs of Athabaska region, 19

Oil throughout Mackenzie valley, 282

Oliver, Hon. Frank, trip of, made in 1910, 27
his opinion of the agricultural possibilities of the country between
Edmonton and the Mackenzie, 141
evidence before the Senate Committee as to agricultural possibilities in
Peace river country, 162
opinion of timber in Athabaska country, 177

O’Sullivan, Owen, C.E., on the west coast of James bay, 57
testimony before the Senate Committee of 1907, 57, 58
1906 report, 73, 74
further evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 74

Owl and Churchill rivers, timber in the country between, 76, 77

Pallister, Captain John, report of, 2, 3

Parliamentary inquiry, an early, 8, 9

Parliamentary inquiries of recent date, 16, 27

Pas and Cross lake, timber of the district between, 78, 79

Pas and Clearwater lake, Mr. McLaggan’s description of the waters between,
92

Patrol of the country between Great Slave lake and Hudson bay by Inspector
E. A. Pelletier of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 23, 24

Peace river district, 131
river and tributaries, 143-144
climatic conditions, 149
settlements, 170, 171
transportation and industries, 171, 172
climate exceptionally healthy, 174
timber, 177-179
gold found in the bars in river, 180
iron, 181
timber, etc., 261, 262
fine balsam poplar, 268
woodland caribou, 291
feathered game, 294
arctic grayling, 296

Peat deposits in the area north of lake Winnipeg, 84

Pelletier, Inspector E. A., patrol of, of the country between Great Slave
lake and Hudson bay, 23, 24

Petitot, Rev. Father, O.M.I., of Fort Good Hope, evidence of, before
Senate Committee of 1888, 283

Petroleum, indications of, in the tar sands found along Athabaska river,
188
borings for, in Athabaska region, 189-194
all over Athabaska district, 282

Pike, Mr. Warburton, explorations of, of Great Slave lake district, 19
description of the climate in Peace river country, in his book, 173, 174

Pine (Banksian), 67
Mr. Preble’s report, 268

Point Separation and country surrounding is well wooded, 273, 274

Polar bear, the, 356

Poplar, Balsam, Rough-barked poplar, Cotton Tree, Balm of Gilead, etc., 65
aspen or white poplar, 122
balsam or black, 122
around Athabaska, Slave and Peace rivers, 268

Potatoes grown as far north as Nelson House, 56
fifty miles north of Pas, 56
at Split lake, 58

Prairie land around Fort Nelson, 269

Prairie River settlement, 171

Preble, Mr. Edward A., of the U. S. Biological Survey, exploratory trips
of, 22
report on climatic conditions of various parts of Athabaska valley, 141,
142
on Mackenzie basin, 247
on the Barren Lands, 303
description of Slave river, 263
report on Great Slave lake, and its affluents, 265
on timber along Athabaska, Slave, Mackenzie and Peace rivers, 268
on Banksian pine, 268
on tamarack and its uses, 268
black spruce found up to Great Bear lake, 271
describes Lockhart river and its banks, 278
reports on game and fisheries, 288
on fish of Mackenzie basin, 295

Prince Albert, settlement north of, 103, 104

Pulpwood belt, a, 77

Quartz veins plentiful throughout the Keewatin belts, 85

Rae, Doctor, and Doctor John Richardson, expeditions of, 15

Range of growth of various trees in western Canada, 65

Red lake river and Red lake, timber on the banks of, 70

Reindeer lake, 116
cobalt found on shore of, 125
Mr. D. B. Dowling’s report on minerals, 125
nickel found on shore of, 125
fish, 129

Reindeer in Mackenzie region, 221

Report on the Northwest Territories by Professor John Macoun, 16

Reports of Mr. Frank J. P. Crean, C.E., on northern Saskatchewan, 26, 27

Report of Doctor Robert Bell of his exploratory trip from lake Winnipeg to
Hudson bay in 1878, 37, 38

Report on the country north of the mouth of Saskatchewan river by Mr. J.
B. Tyrrell, 41, 42, 43

Report of Mr. D. B. Dowling on upper Berens river district, 46, 47

Report of W. Thibaudeau on agricultural possibilities in Churchill
district, 59

Report of Mr. John Armstrong of the preliminary survey of 1908 and 1909
for the proposed railway to Hudson bay, 60

Report of J. R. Dickson, B.S.A., M.S.F., on the rocks and soil of the area
between Pas and Split lake, 60, 61

Report of Mr. J. R. Dickson on the climate and soil conditions of the area
between Pas and Split lake, 62, 63

Report of Doctor Robert Bell of his explorations in the valleys of Nelson
and Churchill rivers in 1879, 65, 66

Report of Mr. A. P. Low, on timber in Favourable lake district, 67, 68

Report of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell of his explorations in the southern part of
Keewatin in 1896, 68, 69

Report of Mr. D. B. Dowling on timber north of lake Winnipeg, 69

Report of 1901 of Mr. Dowling on Ekwan district, 69, 70

Report of Mr. Dowling on his 1893 explorations in Red lake district, 70

Report of Mr. McInnes of his survey of the region drained by the Winisk
and the Attawapiskat in 1903, 1904 and 1905, 70, 71

Report of Mr. McInnes on region explored by him in Cross lake district,
71, 73

Report of Mr. McInnes on his explorations in 1906, with reference to
waterpowers, 73

Report of 1906 of Mr. Owen O’Sullivan, on timber in Keewatin area, 73, 74

Report of Mr. Alfred W. G. Wilson in 1902 of a reconnaissance traverse
across the southern part of the unexplored area lying to the north of Lac
Seul and east of Trout lake, 74, 75

Report of W. Thibaudeau, C.E., on Churchill district, 76, 78

Report of Mr. J. R. Dickson on the timber of the district between Pas and
Cross lake, explored by him in 1910, 78, 79

Report of the British Parliamentary investigation of 1749, 81

Report of Mr. D. B. Dowling on the survey of Burntwood-Nelson lake
Winnipeg district in 1899, 83

Report of Mr. Wm. McInnes, who explored the basins of Reed and Wekusko
lakes and Grass river in 1906, 84, 85

Report of Mr. J. R. Dickson on the mineral deposits of the area explored
by him south of Cross lake, 86

Report on the preliminary surveys for the Hudson bay railway by John
Armstrong, C.E., 87

Report of Doctor Bell in 1886 on fish, animals and game in Keewatin area,
88

Report of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell on the fish and game in the south west of
region explored by him in 1896, 90

Report of Mr. D. B. Dowling, in 1901, on the game, animals and fish in
Ekwan district, 90, 91

Report of Mr. McInnes on the game, fish and animals about Winisk and
Attawapiskat rivers, 91

Report of Mr. J. R. Dickson on the fish, animals and game in the area
south of Cross lake, 92

Report of W. Thibaudeau. C.E., on fish and game between Churchill and Pas,
92, 93

Reports of Frank J. P. Crean, C.E., on region south of Churchill and
Clearwater rivers, 105, 115

Report of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell on his explorations of 1892, 115, 116

Reports of Mr. F. J. P. Crean on timber areas, in northern Saskatchewan,
120-122

Reports of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell of his explorations of 1892 and 1893,
minerals near lake Athabaska referred to in, 124

Report of Mr. Dowling of his survey of the west shore of Reindeer lake,
reference to minerals in, 125

Report of Mr. Crean in 1908 on minerals in country north of the
Saskatchewan, 126

Report of Chief Factor A. McDonald of minerals on Cree river, 126

Report of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell of his explorations of the country between
Churchill river and lake Athabaska in 1892 as to animal life, 128, 129

Report of Mr. Crean in 1908 on fish and game in country north of the
Saskatchewan, 129, 130

Report of Sir John Franklin on the agricultural possibilities of Athabaska
basin, 133

Report of Dominion Government survey parties sent out in advance of the
Canadian Pacific railway with reference to agricultural possibilities of
the country, 134

Report of William Ogilvie, D.L.S., of his trip in 1884, with reference to
agricultural possibilities in Athabaska basin, 134

Report of Mr. Frank Crean in 1909 on agriculture in country west of Methye
and Buffalo lakes and south of Clearwater river, 137, 138

Report in 1909 of Inspector D. M. Howard of the Royal Northwest Mounted
Police on agriculture in the northern part of the district about Chipewyan
and Smith Landing, 138, 139

Report in 1909 of Sergt. R. W. Macleod of the Royal Northwest Mounted
Police on the country between Fort Vermilion and Hay river, 139, 140

Report in 1909 of Corporal Mellor, of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police,
on the country southwest of Smith Landing, 140

Report of 1911 of Superintendent G. E. Sanders, D.S.O., on agricultural
possibilities in the country from Athabaska river to Great Slave lake and
west to the Rockies, 140

Report of Mr. E. A. Preble of the U. S. Biological Survey on the climatic
conditions of various parts of Athabaska valley, 141, 142

Report of Charles Horetzky, C.E., on agricultural possibilities in Peace
river country, 144, 145

Reports of William Ogilvie, D.L.S., on soil and climate of Peace river
country, 149-154

Report in 1888 of Mr. R. G. McConnell of the Geological Survey on
agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 154, 155

Report of G. M. Dawson, M.D., LL.D., in 1879-80 on agricultural
possibilities in Peace river country, 157-161

Report in 1909 of Inspector D. M. Howard of Royal Northwest Mounted Police
on agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 170-173

Report of Mr. Conroy to the Superintendent of Forestry, January 17, 1910,
on timber in Athabaska country, 176

Report of Mr. R. G. McConnell of the Geological Survey, in 1888 on gold in
northern Alberta, 180

Report of Mr. R. G. McConnell in 1888 on iron in Peace river region, 181

Report of Mr. McConnell in 1888 on minerals in northern Alberta, 183-185

Report of Mr. McConnell on petroleum in the tar sands of Athabaska
district, 188, 189

Report of Doctor G. M. Dawson on petroleum along the Athabaska in his
Summary Report for 1894, 189

Report in 1910 of Corporal A. H. Schurer, of the Royal Northwest Mounted
Police as to minerals in the country between Athabaska and McMurray,
192

Report of Mr. William Ogilvie in 1888 as to wood buffalo in northern
Alberta, 196, 197

Report of Inspector A. M. Jarvis, C.M.G., on wood buffalo in Athabaska
country, 197-202

Report of Sergeant R. W. Macleod in 1910 on buffalo in country from Fort
Vermilion to the mouth of Hay river in Great Slave lake, 203

Report of Mr. William Ogilvie on fish in lake Athabaska, 204

Report of Mr. Frank Crean on fish and game in the district explored by him
in 1909, 204, 205

Reports of Sergeant R. W. Macleod of his patrols in 1909 and 1910 from
Fort Vermilion to Hay river, 205, 206

Report of Superintendent Sanders in 1911 on fur-bearing animals in the far
north, 206, 207

Report of Corporal S. G. Clay, of his patrol through Grande Prairie
country in 1911, 207

Reports of Mr. E. A. Preble, of the U. S. Biological Survey, 263, 265,
266, 268, 278

Reports of Mr. R. E. Young, D.L.S., on timber of Mackenzie region, 264

Reports of R. G. McConnell, 265, 267-268, 270, 272, 281, 282

Report of Sir George Back on timber around Reindeer lake, 267

Report of Mr. William Ogilvie on timber and coal of Mackenzie river
region, 267, 284

Report of Sir John Franklin on timber along Mackenzie river, 267

Report of Mr. E. Stewart in 1906 on timber of Mackenzie region, 268, 274

Report of Senate Committee of 1888, 268

Report of Mr. Ogilvie, on country around Fort Nelson, 269

Report of Mr. Joseph Keele on timber on Gravel river in 1908, 270

Report of Mr. J. M. Bell on timber along Martin and Great Bear rivers,
266, 271

Report of Dr. Dawson before Senate Committee of 1888, 271

Report of Mr. Macleod before Senate Committee of 1888, 274, 275

Report of Mr. Brock on coal area of Mackenzie district, 286

Report of Supt. Saunders on Athabaska, Peace and Mackenzie rivers, 287

Report of Mr. Keele on moose, 290

Reports of Bishop Clut, O.M.I., before Senate Committee, 265, 269

Resources of northern Saskatchewan, 95, 96

Resources of the region south of Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 105

Richardson, Doctor John, and Doctor Rae, expedition of, 15

Robson, Mr. Joseph, testimony of, 33, 34

Ross, Captain John, 13

Ross river partially timbered, 278

Russian provinces, comparison with, 255

St. Joseph, lake, section, 38

Salmon at Fort Providence, 298
up Mackenzie to Fort Smith, 299

Salt found at Salt river, 183
salt springs on Mackenzie river, 281
in Mackenzie river district, 282
at Salt river near Fort Smith, 282

Salt Prairie and Heart River settlement, 170

Salt river, feathered game along, 294

Sanders, Superintendent, D.S.O., report of, on agriculture in the country
from Athabaska river to Great Slave lake and west to the Rockies, 140
fur-bearing animals in the far north, 206, 207
report on Athabaska, Peace and Mackenzie countries, 287

Sandy lake, timber around, 67-68

Sans Sault rapid, 216

Saskatchewan, resources of the northern part of, 95, 96

Saskatchewan and Churchill rivers, description of country between, 98, 99

Saskatchewan river, coal found on, 124
fish, 129

Scenery of Methye portage, 117

Scenic beauty of the country between the Saskatchewan and Churchill and
Clearwater rivers, 117

Schultz Committee reports of 1887 and 1888, compilation of a summary of
the, 28

Schurer, Corporal A. H., report of, on the minerals in country between
Athabaska and McMurray, 192

Scientific investigation of the country, 16

Seal, six species of, in Hudson bay, 89

Search expeditions, sent out by England, France and the United States, in
quest of Sir John Franklin and party, 14, 15

Select Committee of the British House of Commons in 1749, main object of
the, 30

Selwyn, Doctor, Director of the Geological Survey, and Professor John
Macoun, expedition of, 17

Semmens, Rev. John, opinion of, of the timber in Burntwood river district,
64
mineral observations in Burntwood river district, 81, 82

Senate Committee of 1907, 244

Senate report of 1888 about Fort Simpson, 268

Sergeant, Mr. Matthew, testimony of, 31, 32

Seton, Mr. Ernest Thompson, on the Barren Lands, 303

Severn district, Mr. D. B. Dowling’s explorations of, in 1901, 83, 84

Severn lake and Favourable lake, 39

Simpson, Thomas, and Peter Warren Dease, explorations of, 14
Clearwater country animals, 127
moose around Great Bear lake, 289

Silver Springs settlement, 171

Slave river, water power on, 177
splendid forests, 261
timber between Peace and Slave rivers, 262
country has fine balsam poplar, 268
moose, 290

Smith bay to Keith bay, timber from, 275

Split lake region, 37
description of the country from Split lake to a line about forty miles
north of the Saskatchewan, 54, 55
between Split lake and Big Churchill river, 57, 58
potatoes, 58
between Split lake and Pas, 77

Spruce, white, 121
black, 121, 122
fine timber on Bear lake river, 271
Liard valley, 269
as far north as Bear lake river, 271
on the Mackenzie above Fort Norman, 270
Great Bear lake, 276
Dease river, 278
MacFarlane river, 278
“Spruce bears the palm”, 279, 280

Stanley or Stanley mission, 106

Stewart, Mr. Elihu, evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907 on
agriculture in Athabaska district, 136
agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 167, 168
timber of upper waters of Saskatchewan, Athabaska and Peace rivers, 261
timber along Mackenzie to Fort Simpson, 267
good timber about Fort Simpson, 268

Stupart, Mr. R. F., tables compiled by, comparing the temperature
conditions of the district between lake Winnipeg and Split lake in the
months May to September, with European countries, 45, 46

Sturgeon lake fish, 88

Sturgeon lake settlement, 171

Sturgeon plentiful in Favourable lake, 90

Sulphur springs on Clearwater river, 125
between McMurray and lake Athabaska, 183, 184
about Great Slave lake, 281, 282

Tache, Bishop, description of, of the Clearwater valley, 118

Tamarack, range of, 65, 122
around Fort Simpson, 268
Fort Nelson, 269
Fort Good Hope, 269

“Tar sands”, the famous, 126, 184, 281, 285

Temperature and sunlight in Mackenzie river region, 235

Temperature conditions of the district between lake Winnipeg and Split
lake in the months May to September compared with European countries, by
Mr. R. F. Stupart, Superintendent of the Dominion Meteorological Service,
45

Tessier, Rev. Mr., experiences of, in agriculture at Dunvegan, 159, 160

Testimony of Mr. Joseph Monkman, 16
Mr. Richard White, 30, 31
Mr. Matthew Sergeant, 31, 32
Mr. John Hayter, 33
Mr. Edward Thompson, 33
Mr. Enoch Alsop, 33
Mr. Robert Griffin, 33, 34
Mr. Joseph Robson, 34, 35
Doctor Robert Bell before the Senate Committee of 1887, 38
Mr. Low before the Senate Committee of 1907, 39-41
Mr. Tyrrell before the Senate Committee of 1907, 43-45
Owen O’Sullivan, C.E., before the Senate Committee of 1907, 57, 58
Mr. Richard White before the Hudson bay Investigation Committee of 1749,
64

Thelon river, 308, 314
timber, 318
phenomenal growth, 320

Thibaudeau, W., C.E., explorations of, in Churchill district, 23
agriculture at Churchill, 59
from Churchill to Pas, 60
between Churchill and Owl rivers, 76, 77
timber around Button bay, 76
description of the country from Split lake to Pas, 77
fish and game between Churchill and Pas 92, 93

Thompson, Mr. Edward, testimony of, on soil, climate, etc., of Moose
river, 33

Timber, inspection of, in 1910, along the line of the proposed Hudson bay
railway, from Pas to Split lake, by J. B. Dickson, B.S.A., M.S.F., 60,
61
in the valleys and on the islands and lakes of Burntwood river course,
Rev. John Semmens’ opinion of the, 64
areas good south and west of Hudson bay, 64
around lake St. Joseph, 66
along Boulder river, 66
around lake Landsdowne, 66
along the Attawapiskat, 66, 67
on the shores of James bay and Hudson bay, 67
around Favourable lake, 67
around Sandy lake, 67
between Norway House and Hudson bay, 68
around Deer lake, 68
in the southern part of Keewatin, 68, 69
in Ekwan district, 69
along Trout Lake river, 70
on Red Lake river and Red lake, 70
about Lac Seul, 70
diameters and ages in Keewatin area, 71
along Burntwood river, 72
in the western part of Keewatin, 73
north of Lac Seul and east of Trout lake, 74, 75
between Pas and Clearwater lake, 75, 76
on the east side of Button bay, 76
between Churchill and Owl rivers, 76, 77
between Pas and Cross lake, 78, 79
Hudson bay region, 79, 80
between the Saskatchewan and Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 117
about Lac la Ronge, 119
immediately north of the Saskatchewan, 119
around Green lake, 119
around Ile à la Crosse lake, 119
along Churchill river, 120
around Methye portage, 120
along Whitefish river, 120, 121
in northern Saskatchewan, 120-122
north of Waterhen river and lake, 121
north of Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 122, 123
on Churchill river from Methye portage to north of Reindeer river, 122
around Wallaston lake, 122
on Mudjatik river, 122, 123
on Geikie river, 122-123
on Cree river, 123
on northeast shore of lake Athabaska, 123
north of the Churchill, 123
in Athabaska river valley, 132
in the vicinity of Chipewyan, 175
in Peace river country, 177-179
Mackenzie river region, 261
between Athabaska and Peace rivers, 261
along Slave river, 262
around Great Slave lake, 265
around Reindeer lake, 267
along Mackenzie river to Fort Simpson, 267
about Fort Simpson, 268
along Liard river, 269
along Gravel river, 270
on Mackenzie river below Fort Good Hope, 272
from Keith bay to Smith bay, 275
around Fort Franklin, 275
timber growth, how to increase northern, 278

Torch river, 129

Transportation and industries in Peace river district, 171, 172

Trees, range of the most important, 65, 66

Trout Lake river, 70

Tyrrell, Mr. J. Burr, exploratory trips of, 19, 20
report on the country north of Saskatchewan river, 41-43
testimony before the Senate Committee of 1907, 43-45
report of his explorations in southern part of Keewatin in 1896, 68, 69
mineral report, 82, 83
evidence before Senate Committee of 1907, 83
report of the fish and game in the southwest of region explored by him
in 1896, 90
report of his explorations in 1893 and 1894 of country between
Saskatchewan and Churchill rivers, 98, 99
report on his explorations of 1892, 115, 116
description of country immediately north of the Saskatchewan, 119
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to forests of country
north of Churchill, 123
report of his explorations of 1892 and 1893 as to minerals near lake
Athabaska, 124
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to minerals along
Saskatchewan river, 124
report of his explorations of the country between Churchill river and
lake Athabaska in 1892 as to animal life, 128, 129
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to country immediately
north of lake Athabaska, 137
evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to tar sands on
Athabaska river, 186
on the Barren Lands, 304

Tyrrell, J. B., C.E., D.L.S., exploration of, in the country between Great
Slave lake and Chesterfield inlet on Hudson bay, 21

von Hamerstein, Mr. Alfred, evidence of, before the Senate Committee of
1907 on medicinal springs along Clearwater river, 126
on agricultural resources of Athabaska district, 135, 136
on timber in Athabaska country, 175
on gold in northern Alberta, 180, 181
on iron and coal in northern Alberta, 182
on deposits of gypsum and salt in northern Alberta, 183
on minerals in northern Alberta, 183-186
on petroleum in country from Athabaska river to Peace river, 192
on natural gas in northern Alberta, 193
on salt in Mackenzie basin, 286

Waterhen lake district, 115
waterpower, 120-121
Waterhen river and lake, timber north of, 121

Waterpower of Nelson river district, 73
northern Manitoba, 78
Hudson bay region, generally, 80
on Churchill river, 120
northern Saskatchewan, 120-121
on Waterhen river, 120-121
on Clearwater river, 121
on Athabaska river, 177
on Slave river, 177
along Athabaska river, 262
whaling industry, 301

White Birch (canoe birch), 65

Whitefish lake district, 114-115

Whitefish river, timber along, 120-121

White, Mr. Richard, testimony of, 30, 31
testimony before the Hudson Bay Investigation Committee in 1749, 64

White spruce, 65, 121

Wild geese, 356

Wilson, Mr. Alfred W. G., report of, on a reconnaissance traverse across
the southern part of the unexplored area lying to the north of Lac Seul
and east of Trout lake, 74-75

Yellowknife river, soil and timber of, 267

York Factory and Cape Henrietta Maria, survey of the coast between, 57

Young, Mr. R. E., report on the timber resources of the Mackenzie by, 264

TRANSCRIBER NOTES

—Misspelled words and printer errors have been corrected.

—Illustrations were moved to facilitate page layout.

—Inconsistencies in punctuation have been maintained. The use of periods and centered periods varied throughout the original text. In this edition weights, measurements and time have been standardized as follows:

-Time: colon (e.g. 1:30 p.m.)
-Temperatures: period (e.g. 32.5°)
-Per cent.: centered period (e.g. 10·5 per cent.)
-Pound/lbs: centered period (e.g. 10·5 lbs.)
-Miles: centered period (e.g. 4·5 cubic miles)
-Latitude: centered period (e.g. 58·4°, 56° 35′ 11′′)

[The end of _The Unexploited West_, by Ernest J. (John) Chambers.]

End of Project Gutenberg's The Unexploited West, by Ernest J. Chambers