Chapter L

lachesse (A.N.) 153, _negligence_

ladde (A.S.) _pl._ laddes, 398, _a low common person_

+laiche (A.S.) 486, _to catch, obtain_. _see_ lakke

layk (A.S.) 287, _play_

laiken (A.S.) 11, _to play_. The writer of the romance of Kyng Alisaunder, in describing a battle (Weber, p. 159), says,--

There was _sweord lakkyng_,

_i.e. there was playing with the sword_. Weber, in his Glossary, has very wrongly explained it by _licking_. It is the Anglo-Saxon poetic phrase, sweorda ge-lác, _the play of swords_

lakke (A.S.) 189, _a fault, a lack, or something deficient or wanting_

lakken, lacche (A.S.) 31, 40, 130, 220, 262, 309, 333, _to obtain, catch, take_. _pret. s._ laughte, 357, 388, 434. _part. act._ lacchynge, 21

lakken (A.S.) 85, 130, 185, 189, 208, 214, 234, 263, 307, 309, 329, 411, _to mock, to blame, or reproach_. _pret. pl._ lakkede, 294. _part. pas._ y-lakked, 29

lakken (A.S.) 46, 218, 219, 262, 310, 365, 423, _to lack, to be wanting_. _pret. s._ lakkede, 402, _was wanting_

lambren (A.S.) 307, _lambs_. So Lydgate (Minor Poems, ed. Halliwell), p. 169,--

Takith to his larder at what price he wold,
Of gretter _lambren_, j., ij., or thre,
In wynter nyghtis frostis bien so colde,
The sheppard slepithe, God lete hym never the!

lang (A.S.) _long_

lape (A.S.) 426, _to lap, as a dog_

large (A.N.) 398, _largess_ (?)

lasse (A.S.) _less_

late, lete (A.S.) 76, 386, _to let_. _pres. s._ leet, 305, 384. _pret. s._ leet, 25, 74, 127, 209, 346, _pl._ leten, lete, 294, 393. _subj. s._ late

+lath ( .) 476. Perhaps an error of the old edition for _lay_?

+latun (A.N.) 462, _a mixed metal of the colour of brass_

laughen (A.S.) 439, _to laugh_. _pret. s._ lough, 423. _part. pas._ lowen, 82.

launde (A.N.) 155, 183, 312, _a plain, a level space clear of trees in the midst of a forest, a lawn_

lave (A.N.) 273, _to wash_

lavendrye (A.N.) 306, _washing_

+lavoures (A.N.) 462, _lavers, ewers, basins to receive water_

leauté (A.N.) _loyalty_

leche (A.S.) 443, _a physician_

lechecraft (A.S.) 336, 435, _the art of healing, medicine_

lechen (A.S.) 261, _to cure_. _pret. s._ leched, 337

leden, lede (A.S.) 355, 393, _to lead_. pret. s. ladde, 352. _part. act._ ledynge. _part. pas._ lad, 160, 246

ledene (A.S.) 242, 243, _speech, language_. This is applied, as here, to birds, by Chaucer, C. T. 10749:--

This faire kynges doughter, Canace,
That on hir fynger bar the queynte ryng,
Thurgh which sche understood wel every thing
That eny foul may _in his lydne_ sayn,
And couthe answer him in _his lydne_ agayn.

ledes (A.S.) 326, _people attached to the land, peasants_

leef (A.S.) _dear, love_. his leef, _his dear_

leef (A.S.) 301, _pl._ leves, _a leaf_

leelly (A.N.) 19, lelly, 45, 146, _loyally, faithfully_. leele, lele, _loyal_. lelest, 349, _most loyal_

leere, lere (A.S.) 15, 173, _countenance, mien, complexion_

leggen (A.S.) 30, 133, 235, 306, 426, leyen, 374, _to lay, to bet (to lay down a wager)_. _pret. s._ leide, 352, 372, 432, leyde, 98, 436

legistre (A.N.) 139, _a legist, one skilled in the law._

ley, _pl._ leyes (A.S.) 138, _a lea_ (Lat. _saltus_)

leye (A.S.) 360, 364, _flame_

leme (A.S.) 376, 377, _brightness_

lemman (A.S.) _pl._ lemmannes, 303, _a sweetheart, a mistress_

lene (A.S.) _lean_

lenen, lene (A.S.) _to give_; hence our _lend_. _pret._ lened, 269. _part. past_, lent, 275

lenen (A.S.) _to lean_. _pret. s._ lened, 369

lenge (A.S.) 27, 421, _to rest, remain, reside long in a place_. _pret. s._ lenged, 151, +_pret. pl._ lengeden, 469, _dwelt, remained_

Lenten (A.S.) _Lent_

lenten (A.S.) 369, _a linden tree_

leode (A.S.) 352, _people, a person_, whence our _lad_

lepen (A.S.) 41, 236, _to leap_. _pret. s._ leep, 10, 41, lope, 71, lepe, 107, lepte, 434. _pl._ lopen, 14, 22, 86, lope, 74. _part. pas._ lopen, 88

leperis (A.S.) _leapers_. lond leperis heremytes, _hermits who leap or wander over different lands_

lered (A.S.) 45, _learned, educated, clergy_

leren (A.S.) 146, _to teach_. _pres._ he lereth. _pret._ lerned, 146, 412, lered, 292, 336, 410

lerne (A.S.) 350, 351, 437, 441, _to learn_. _part. pas._ y-lerned, 141

lesen (A.S.) _to lose_. _pres. s._ lese, lees, 107, 148. _part. act._ lesynge. _part. pas._ lost, lore, 374, y-lorn, 388

lese (A.S.) 121, _to glean_. The word is still used in Shropshire and Herefordshire.

lesynge (A.S.) 66, 387, 388, _a lie, fable, falsehood_

lethi (A.S.) 184, _hateful_

letten, leten, lette (A.S.) 352, 435, _to hinder, to tarry_, _pret. s._ lette, 368, letted, 335. _part. past_, letted, 418. lettere, 19, _a hinderer_. lettyng, _a hindrance_

lettrede (A.N.) 49, _lettered, learned_. y-lettrede, _learned, instructed_

lettrure (A.N.) _learning, scripture, literature_

leve (A.S.) 385, _leave, permission_

leve (A.S.) _pl._ leeve, _dear, precious_. levere, _dearer, rather_. leveste, levest, 364, _dearest_

leved (A.S.) 300, _leaved, covered with leaves_

leven (A.S.) 299, 301, _to leave_. _part. s._ lafte, 447

leven (A.S.) _to dwell, remain_. _pret._ lafte, 440. +_pret. s._ lefte, 473, _dwelt, remained_.

leven, leeve (A.S.) _to believe_, 304, 319. _pret. s._ leeved, 435. leved, 393. _pl._ leveden

lewed (A.S.) 26, 420, _lay, ignorant, untaught, useless_. lewed of that labour, 237, _ignorant of_, or _unskilful in, that labour_. lewednesse, 45, _ignorance, rusticity_

lewté (A.N.) _loyalty_

lyard (A.N.) 352, 368, a common name for _a horse_, but signifying originally _a horse of a grey colour_

libben, libbe (A.S.) 275, _to live_. _part. act._ libbynge

lyen (A.S.) _to lie_. _pres. s. 2 pers._ thow lixt, 86. _pret._ thow leighe, 393, _thou didst lie_

liere (A.S.) _a liar_

lif (A.S.) _pl._ lives, _life_

liflode (A.S.) _living, state of life_

lift (A.S.) 316, _air, sky_

lige (A.N.) 76, 390, _liege_

liggen, ligge (A.S.) 361, _to lie down_. _pres. s._ I ligge, he lith, lyth, 355, thei ligge, 421. _pret. sing._ lay. _part. act._ liggynge. _part. pas._ leyen, 45, y-leye, 82, y-leyen, 198, 399

lighten (A.S.) _to alight, descend, or dismount from_. _pret. s._ lighte, 352

lightloker (A.S.) 112, 237, 321, _more lightly, more easily_

lik, lich, y-lik (A.S.) 389, _like, resembling_. liknesse, _likeness_, y-liche, 401

liche (A.S.) 173, _the body_. Chaucer, C.T. l. 2960, speaks of the _liche-wake_, or ceremonies of waking and watching the corpse, still preserved in Ireland:--

Ne how the _liche-wake_ was y-holde
Al thilke night, ne how the Grekes pleye.

In the romance of Alexander (Weber, p. 145), the word is applied to a living body (as in Piers Ploughman):--

The armure he dude on his liche--
_he put the armour on his body_

likame, lycame (A.S.) _the body_

liken (A.S.) 455, _to please, to like_ (i. e. _be pleased with_). liketh, 17, 262. _pret. s._ liked

likynge (A.S.) 203, _pleasure, love, liking_

likerous (A.N.) 133, _nice, voluptuous, lecherous_

likne (A.S.) 175, 190, _to imitate, to mimic, to make a simile_

lyme (A.S.) 436, _limb_

lyme-yerd (A.S.) 170, _limed twig_

lymitour (A.N.) 85, 445, _a limitour, a begging friar_

lynde (A.S.) 24, 155, _the linden tree_

lippe (A.S.) 324, _a slip, portion_

liser (A.N.) 89, _list of cloth_ (?)

lisse (A.S.) 160, 383, _joy, happiness, bliss_

liste (A.S.) _to please, list_. _pret._ list, 356, _it pleased_

listre (A.S.) 85, _a deceiver_

lite (A.S.) 262, _little_

litel (A.S.) _little_. litlum and litlum, 329, _by little and little_, the uncorrupted Anglo-Saxon phrase. _See_ note

lyth (A.S.) 341, _a body_

lythe, lithen (A.S.) 155, 270, _to listen to_

lyven, lyve (A.S.) _to live_. _pr. pl._ lyveden, 2. _part. act._ lybbynge. _See_ libben

lyves (A.S.) _alive_. lyves and lokynge, 405, _alive and looking_. _See_ note on l. 5014

lyveris (A.S.) 235, _livers, people who live_

lobies (A.S.) 4, _loobies, clowns_

loft (A.S.) _high, height_. bi lofte and by grounde, 372, _in height and in ground-plan_. o-lofte, _aloft, on high_

lok (A.S.) 27, _a lock_

loken (A.S.) 388, _to look, to over-see_, 148. _pret. s._ lokede, 276

lollen (A.S.) 240, _to loll_. _part. pas._ lolled, 239. _part. act._ lollynge, 346

lolleris (A.S.) 308, _lollards_. The origin of this word is doubtful, but it seems to mean generally people who go about from place to place with a hypocritical show of praying and devotion. It was certainly in use long before the time of the Wycliffites, in Germany as well as in England. Johannes Hocsemius (quoted by Ducange, v. _Lollardi_) says, in his chronicle on the year 1309, "Eodem anno quidam hypocritæ gyrovagi, qui _Lollardisive Deum laudantes_ vocabantur, per Hannoniam et Brabantiam quasdam mulieres nobiles deceperunt," &c. The term, used in the time of Piers Ploughman as one of reproach, was afterwards contemptuously given to the church reformers. The writer of the Ploughman's Tale, printed in Chaucer, Speght, fol. 86, appears to apply it to wandering friars:--

i-cleped _lollers_ and londlese.

lomere (A.S.) 439, _more frequently_

lond-buggere (A.S.) 191, _a buyer of land_

+lone (A.S.) 493, _a loan_ (?)

longen (A.S.) _to belong_

loof (A.S.) _a loaf_

loone (A.S.) 442, _a loan_. lenger yeres loone, _a loan of a year longer, a year's extension or renewal of the loan_

loore (A.S.) 79, 244, _teaching, lore, doctrine, science_

loores-man, lores-man (A.S.) 164, 318, _a teacher_

loos (A.S.) 219, _honour, praise_

lorel (A.N.) 147, 294, 351, 369, _a bad man, a good-for-nothing fellow_. Chaucer, in his translation of Boethius, uses it to represent the Latin _perditissimus_. Compare the description of the _lorel_ in the Ploughman's Tale (Speght's Chaucer) fol. 91:--

For thou canst no cattell gete,
But livest in lond as a _lorell_,
With glosing gettest thou thy mete.

losel (A.N.) 5, 124, 176, 303, _a wretch, good-for-nothing fellow_. It appears to be a different form of the preceding word. loselly, 240, _in a disgraceful, good-for-nothing manner_

losengerie (A.N.) 125, 176, _flattery, lying_

lothen (A.S.) _to loath_

looth (A.S.) _loath, hateful_. lother, 318, _more loath_. lothliche, _hateful_

lotebies (A.S. ?) 52, _private companions, bed-fellows_. In the romance of the Seven Sages (Weber, p. 57) it is said of a woman unfaithful to her husband:--

Sche stal a-wai, mididone,
And wente to here _lotebi_.

Chaucer uses the word (in the romance of the Rose, l. 6339), in a passage rather similar to this of Piers Ploughman:--

Now am I yong and stout and bolde,
Now am I Robert, now Robin,
Now frere Minor now Jacobin,
And _with me followeth my loteby_,
To don me solace and company.

In the original the word is _compaigne_

lotien (A.S.) 354, _to lurk, lie in ambush_

louke (A.S.) 384, _to lock_

louren (A.S.) _to lower_

lous, lys (A.S.) _pl._ _a louse_

louten (A.S.) 50, 181, 182, 300, _to make a salutation, reverence_. _pret. s._ louted, 294, 470

lovyen, lovye, lovien (A.S.) _to love_. hym lovede, 356, _it pleased him_

lowen (A.S.) _to condescend_ (?) _pret._ lowed, 8

luft (A.S.) 69, _fellow, person_

+lullyng (A.S.) 455, _lolling_ (?)

lurdayne (A.S.) 375, 436, _a clown, rustic, ill-bred person_

lusard (A.N.) 389, _a lizard, crocodile_

lussheburwes (A.N.) 316, _base or adulterated coins_; which took their name and were imported from Luxemberg. See note on l. 10322

luten (A.N.) _to play on the lute_. _pret. s._ lutede, 395

luther (A.S.) 316, 390, _bad, wicked_