Chapter D

daffe (A.S.) _a fool_

daggen (A.S.) 433, _to dag, to cut the edges of the garment in jagged ornaments, as was the custom at this period_

daren (A.S.) _to dare_. _pres. pl._ dar, 10, 280. _pret. s._ and _pl._ dorste, 11, 42, 253, 393

dawe (A.S.) 380, _dawn_. _pret. s._ dawed, 395

dawnten (A.N.) 319, _to tame_,--also, _to daunt, to fear_

decourren (A.N.) 285, _to discover, lay open, narrate_

dedeynous (A.N.) 156, _disdainful_

deed (A.S.) _dead_

deen (A.N.) _a dean_

dees (A.N.) _dice_

deef (A.S.) _pl._ deve, 403, _deaf_

defende (A.N.) 47, 485, _to forbid, prohibit_

defien, defyen, defie (A.N. ?) 84, 100, 141, 298, _to digest_

defyen (A.N.) _to defy_. _pret. s._ defyed, 429

degised (A.N.) 2, _disguised_

deyen (A.S.) _to die_. _pret. s._ deide, 214. to dye, 352

deyntee (A.N.) 205, _dainty, niceness, preciousness_

deys, dees (A.N.) 139, 250, _the dais, or high table in the hall_

deitee (A.N.) _deity, godhead_

del, deel (A.S.) _part, portion_. tithe deel, 323, _tenth part_

delen, dele, deelen (A.S.) 47, 175, 218, _share, distribute, give, deal_. _pres._ ye deele, 144

deliten (A.N.) _to delight, take pleasure_

delitable (A.N.) _delightful, pleasant_

delven (A.S.) 417, _to dig, bury_. _pret. pl._ dolven, 128. _part. pas._ dolven, 128, 293

delvere (A.S.) _a digger, delver_

demen (A.S.) _to judge_. _pret._ demede

dene (A.S.) 373, _din, noise_

dene (A.N.) _a dean_

departable (A.N.) 355, _divisible_

depper (A.S.) 307, _deeper_

dere (A.S.) 140, 349, 370, _to injure, hurt_

derely (A.S.) 396, _expensively, richly_

dereworthe (A.S.) _precious, honourable_

derk (A.S.) _dark_

derne (A.S.) 38, 249, _secret_

destruyen, destruye (A.N.) 361, _to destroy_. _pret. s._ destruyed, 340

dette (A.N.) _pl._ dettes, _a debt_

devoir (A.N.) _duty_

devors (A.N.) 433, _divorce_

dya (A.N.) 435, _dyachylon_

diapenidion, 84, _an electuary_

dido (A. .) 256, _a trifle, a trick_

dighte (A.S.) 134, _to fit out, make, dispose, dress_. _pret. s._ dighte, 396

+digne (A.N.) 472, _worthy_

digneliche (A.N.) _worthily, deservedly_

dyk, 417 (A.S.) _dych, a ditch_

dikere, dykere (A.S.) 96, _a ditch or foss digger, ditcher_

dymes (A.N.) 326, _tithes_

dymme (A.S.) 388, _dark_. _adv._ dymme, 184, _darkly_

dymmen (A.S.) 98, _to become dim or dark_

dyngen (A.S.) 62, 125, 193, 295, _to strike, ding, knock_

dynt (A.S.) 370, _a blow, knock_

disalowed (A.N.) 281, _disallowed, disapproved. disalowyng_, 282, _disapproving_

discryven (A.N.) _to describe_

disour (A.N.) _a player at dice_

disour (A.N.) 120, _a teller of tales_

dyssheres (A.S.) 96, _a female who makes dishes_

+distrie (A.N.) 478, _to destroy_

doel (A.N.) 100, 124, 368, _grief, lamentation_

doughtier (A.S.) 83, _more doughty, more to be feared_. doghtiest, 403, _bravest_. doghtiliche, 371, _doughtily, bravely_

doke (A.S.) 81, 352, _a duck_

dole (A.S.) 47, _a share, portion_. Another form of _del_.

donet (A.N.) 89, _grammar, elements, first principles_, from Donatus. See note on l. 7944

domesman (A.S.) 414, _a judge_

dongeon (A.N.) _a fort, the chief tower of a castle_

doom, dome (A.S.) _pl._ domes, _judgment_

doon (A.S.) _to do_. _pres. sing._ dooth, _pl._ doon, don. _pret. s._ dide, _pl._ diden, 278, 392, dide, 389. _part. pas._ doon, do. _imperat. pl._ dooth, 152. to doone, 226, 263

dore-tree (A.S.) _a door post_

+dortour (A.N.) 463, _a dormitory_

doted (A.S.) _foolish, simple_

doughtres (A.S.) _daughters_

doute (A.N.) _fear, doubt_

dowen (A.N.) _to endow_. _pret._ dowed, 325, _endowed_

dowve (A.S.) 319, _a dove_

draf (A.S.) 173, 419, _dregs, dirt_. Things thrown away as unfit for man's food, particularly the dust and husks of corn after it has been threshed. Chaucer's Parson (C. T. l. 17329) says:--

Why schuld I sowen _draf_ out of my fest,
Whan I may sowe whete, if that me lest?

+drane (A.S.) 493, _a drone_

drawen (A.S.) _to draw_. _pret. s._ drough, 89, 98. drogh, 280, 437. drow, 376, _pl._ drowen, 222. _part. pas._ drawe, 175

+drecchen (A.S.) 478, 480, _to vex, grieve, oppress_

drede (A.S.) 434, _to dread, fear_. _pres. s._ he drat, 165. _pret. s._ dredde, 280. _pl._ dradden, 429. _imperat._ dred, 17

dredfully (A.S.) 352, _fearfully, terrified_

dregges (A.S.) 419, _dregs_

dremels (A.S.) 148, 247, _a dream_

drenchen, drenche (A.S.) 154, 237, _to drown_. _pret. pl._ a-dreynten, 198

drevelen (A.S.) 175, _to drivel_

drye (A.S.) 276, _thirst_

drien (A.S.) 16, _to be dry, thirsty_

drihte (A.S.) 262, _lord_. drighte, 279

drinken (A.S.) _to drink_. _pret. s._ drank, _pl._ dronken, 277, dronke, 278. _part. pas._ dronken, y-dronke, 354

dryven (A.S.) _to drive_

droghte (A.S.) 134, _a drought, deficiency of wet_

dronklewe (A.S.) 156, _drunken, given to drink_. The word occurs in Chaucer, C. T. l. 7625:--

Irous Cambises was eek _dronkelewe_,
And ay delited him to ben a schrewe.

Again (C. T. l. 12426):--

Seneca saith a good word douteles:
He saith he can no difference find,
Betwix a man that is out of his mind,
And a man whiche that is _dronkelew_.

The word used by Seneca is _ebrius_

drury (A.N.) 20, _courtship, gallantry_

duc (A.N.) 414, _a duke_. _pl._ dukes, 388

+duen (A.N.) 496, _to endue, or endow_

E.

ech (A.S.) _each_. echone (i. e. _each one_) _every one, each_

edifie (A.N.) 371, _to build_

edwyte (A.S.) 99, _to reproach, blame, upbraid_

eest (A.S.) _east_

eft (A.S.) 354, 371, _again_

eggen (A.S.) 19, 386, _to egg on, urge, incite_

egreliche (A.N.) 334, 418, _sourly, bitterly_

+ey (A.S.) 464, _an egg_

eighe (A.S.) 180, 190, 306, _pl._ eighen, 5, 80, 127, eighes, 33, _the eye_

eylen (A.S.) _to ail_

eyr (A.N.) _air_

elde (A.S.) _old age_

elenge (A.S.) 12, 179, 425, _mournful, sorrowful_. elengliche, 231, _sorrowfully, in trouble_

eller (A.S.) 19, ellere, 168, _an elder tree_

ellis (A.S.) 6, _else, otherwise, at other times_

enbawmen (A.N.) _to embalm_. _pret. s._ enbawmed, 352

enblaunchen (A.N.) 301, _to whiten over_

engyne (A.N.) 384, _to contrive, lay a plan, catch_

engleymen (A.N.) 298, _to beslime_

engreyned (A.N.) 29, _powdered_

enselen (A.N.) _to put a seal to_

+entayled (A.N.) 462, _carved_

entre-metten (A.N.) 226, 263, _to intermeddle_

envenyme (A.N.) _venom, poison_

er (A.S.) _before, formerly_

erchdekenes (A.N.) _archdeacons_

ere (A.S.) _pl. eris, the ear_

erien, erie, erye (A.S.) 117, 138, _to plough_. _pret. pl._ eriede, 411. _part. past_, eryed, 117

eerl. _pl._ erles (A.S.) _an earl_

ernynge (A.S.) 418, _running_. _see_ yerne

ers (A.S.) 87, 180, 191, _the fundament, podex_

erst (A.S.) _first, most before_, _superl. of_ er

eschaunge (A.N.) _exchange_

eschetes (A.N.) 75, _escheats_

ese (A.N.) _ease_

eten, ete (A.S.) 386, _to eat_. _pret. s._ eet, 100, 135, 146, 241, &c. _pl._ eten, 114, 248, ete, 278. _part. pas._ eten, 354.

+evelles (A.S.) 465, _without evil_

even (A.S.) _equal_. even-cristen, _equal christian, or equal by baptism_; _fellow-christian_, evene, 76, _evenly, equally_. evene forth, 356, _equally_

+evesed (A.S.) 460, _furnished with eaves_

evesynge (A.S.) 361, _the ice which hangs on the eaves of houses_

ewage (A.N.) 29, _a kind of precious stone_

expounen (A.N.) 290, _to expound, explain_

F.

fader (A.S.) 361, _a father_

fayn (A.S.) _fain, glad_

faiten (A.N.) 144, 308, _to beg, idle, to flatter_. _pret. pl._ faiteden, 3. faityng, 175, _deceiving_

faiterie (A.N.) 207, _flattery, deception_

faitour (A.N.) _a deceiver, an idle lazy fellow, a flatterer_

faithly (A.N.) 400, _truly, properly_

fallen (A.S.) _to fall_. _pres. s._ he falleth. _pret. s._ fel, 280, 297, fil, 278, 312, 374, fille, 285, 336, _pl._ fellen, felle, 336, 388. _part. pas._ fallen, 375

fals (A.N.) _false, falseness_. falshede, _falsehood_. falsliche, 390, _falsely_

fangen (A.S.) 111, fonge, 282, 336, _to take, take hold of_. _pret. s._ _under_-feng, 19, _under_-fonged, 209. _part. past_, _under_-fongen, 115, 211

faren, fare (A.S.) 197, _to go, fare_. _pret. s._ ferde, 443, _pl._ ferden, 168 _part. past_, faren 77, 123, 228

fare (A.S.) 376, _proceeding, manner of going on, fare_

fasten (A.S.) _to fast_

fauchon (A.N.) 295, _a sword, falchion_

faunt (A.N.) 134, 144, 336, 403, _a child, infant_

fauntekyn (A.N.) 259, _a young child_

faunteltee, fauntelté (A.N.) 204, 304, _childishness_

faute, _pl._ fautes (A.N.) 179, _a fault_

fauten (A.N.) _to want_. _pret._ fauted, 163

favel (A.N.) 28, 30, _deception by flattery, cajolery_

feble (A.N.) 355, _feeble, weak_

fecchen (A.S.) 39, 385, 410, _to fetch_. _pres. s._ I fecche, thow fettest, 390. _pret. s._ fet, fette, 36, 104, 202, 385. _pl._ fetten, 134. _part. pas._ fet, 444, fette water at hise eighen, _threw water at his eyes_; to fetch a thing at another, for, to throw, is an expression still in use

feden (A.S.) _to feed_

fee (A.S.) _property, money, fee_

feere (A.S.) 367, _pl._ feeres, feeris, _companion_

feere (A.S.) 256, 367, 376, _fear_

feet (A.N.) 26, _a deed, fact_

feffement (A.N.) 32, _enfeofment_

feffen (A.N.) 33, 37, _to infeof, to fee, present_

feynen (A.N.) _to feign, dissemble_

feyntise (A.S.) 77, _faintness, weakness_

feire (A.N.) _a fair_

fel (A.S.) _the skin_

fele (A.S.) _many_. fele fold, _manyfold_

fellen (A.S.) _to fell, kill_

felonliche (A.N.) 390, _like a felon, in manner of a felon_

+fen (A.S.) 476, _mud, mire_

fend (A.S.) _pl._ fendes, _a fiend, devil_. fyndekynes, 391, _little fiends_

fennel-seed (A.S.) 95, _the seed of sweet-fennel was formerly used as a spice_

fenestre (A.N.) 285, 370, _a window_

fer (A.S.) _far_

fere (A.S.) 140, _to frighten_

ferly (A.S.) _pl._ ferlies, _a wonder_, 196, 253, 376

ferie (A.N.) 270, _a week-day_

ferme (A.N.) 403, _adv._ _firmly_

fermed (A.N.) 177, _strengthened_

fernyere (A.S.) 103, 228, _in former times_

fernmerye (A.N.) 253, _the infirmary_

+ferrer (A.S.) 463, _further_

ferthe (A.S.) 413, _fourth_

festnen (A.S.) _to fasten_. _part. pas._ fest, 35

festynge (A.N.) _feasting_

festu (A.N.) 190, _a mote in the eye_. (festuca, _Lat._)

fetisliche, 28, fetisly, 38 (A.N.) _elegantly, neatly, featously_

fibicches (A.N. ?) 186 (?)

+fichewes (A.S.) 468, _a kind of weasel_, called a _fitchet_ in Shropshire

+fyen (A.N.) 487, _to say, fy!_ The exclamation, _fy!_ was originally one of disgust, occasioned by anything that stunk, according to the old distich (MS. Cotton, Cleop. B. ix, fol. 11, v^o. of the thirteenth cent.):--

_Phi_, nota _foetoris_, lippus gravis omnibus horis,
Sit _phi_, sit lippus semper procul, ergo Philippus!

fiers (A.N.) _proud, fierce_

fighten (A.S.) _to fight_. _pret. s._ faught, 391, 402. _pl._ foughten. _part. pas._ y-foughte, 126, 336

fyle (A.N.) 86, _a daughter, girl_, apparently used here in the sense of a _common woman_; as they say now in French, _elle n'est qu'une fille_, she is no better than a strumpet

fyn (A.N.) 403, _fine, clever_

fynden (A.S.) _to find, to furnish_. _pres. s._ he fynt, 73, 146, 305, 367. _pret. s._ fond, foond, 219, 304, 312

fir (A.S.) 360, _fire_. fuyr, _fire_

fithele (A.N.) 272, _to fiddle_. fithele, 165, _a fiddle_

flappen (A.S.) _to strike with a flail or with any flat loose weapon_. _pret. pl._ flapten, 128

flatten (A.N.) _to slap_. _pret. s._ flatte, 104

flawmbe, flaumbe (A.N.) 360, 362, _a flame_

flawme (A.S.) 243, _to emit a fetid exhalation_ (?)

flawmen (A.N.) 361, _to flame_. flawmynge, 360, _flaming_

fle, 40, fleen, 168, 366 (A.S.) _to fly_. _pret. s._ fleigh, 40, 351, 353, 402, 435. _pl._ flowen, 42, 128. fledden, 42

fleckede (A.S.) 222, _spotted_

flesshe (A.S.) _flesh_

fleten (A.S.) 237, _to float, swim involuntarily_

flittynge (A.S.) 206, _disputing, flyting_

flobre (A.S. ?) 274, _to slobber_ (?)

florisshe (A.N.) 291, _to adorn_

floryn (A.N.) 74, _a florin_ (a gold coin)

+flurichen (A.N.) 479, _to flourish_

fode (A.S.) _food_

+foynes (A.N.) 468, _a kind of marten, of which the fur was used for dresses_

fold, foold (A.S.) 24, 141, 243, _the world, the earth_

fole (A.S.) _a foal_

follede, 321, _baptized_. see _fullen_

+folloke (A.S.) 489 (?)

folvyle (A.N.) 410 (?)

folwe, folwen (A.S.) 355, _to follow_. _pres. pl._ folwen. _pret. s._ folwed, folwede, 353. _pl._ folwede, 301. _part. past_, folwed

folwere (A.S.) _a follower_

fonden (A.S.) 238, _to try, tempt, inquire_. _pret. s._ fonded, fondede, 315, 344, 353

fondynge (A.S.) 291, _a temptation, undertaking_

fongen, _see_ fangen

foot (A.S.) _a foot_. foote, 354, _on foot_

for (A.S.) _for, for that, because_; for-thi, _because, therefore_

for-, in composition in verbs derived from the Anglo-Saxon, conveys the idea of privation or deterioration, and answers to the modern German ver-. It is preserved in a few words in our language, such as _forbid_, _forbear_, _forlorn_, &c. The following instances occur in Piers Ploughman:--

for-bete (A.S.) _to beat down, beat to pieces, or to death, beat entirely_. _part. past_, for-beten, 436

for-bode (A.S.) _denial, forbidding_

for-biten (A.S.) 332, _to bite to pieces_

for-doon, for-do (A.S.) 78, 163, 371, _to undo, ruin_. _pret. s._ for-dide, 340, 390. _part. past_, for-do, 262, for-doon, 371

for-faren (A.S.) 303, _to go to ruin, perish, to fare ill_

for-freten (A.S.) 332, _to eat to pieces_

+for-gabben (A.N.) 488, _to mock_

for-yeten (A.S.) 362, _to forget_. _pret. s._ for-yat, 205

for-gyven (A.S.) _to forgive_. _pret. s._ 374. _part. pas._ for-gyve, 365

for-glutten (A.S.) 178, _to devour, swallow up_

for-pynede (A.S.) 126, _pined or starved to death, wasted away, niggardly_. Chaucer, C. T. l. 1453:--

In derknes and orrible and strong prisoun
This seven yeer hath seten Palamon,
_For-pyned_, what for woo and for destresse.

And C. T. l. 205:--

He was not pale as a _for-pyned_ goost.

In this latter place Tyrwhit seems to interpret it as meaning _tormented_

for-shapen (A.S.) _to unmake_. _pret. s._ for-shapte, 365

for-sleuthen (A.S.) 103, _to be spoilt from lying idle_

for-stallen (A.S.) 68, _to hinder, forestall, stop_

for-sweren (A.S.) 170, _to perjure, swear falsely_. _part. pas._ for-sworen, 418, forsworn

for-thynken (A.S.) 167, _to repent, beg pardon_

for-wandred (A.S.) 1, _worn out with wandering about_

for-wanye (A.S.) 79, _to spoil_

+for-werd (A.S.) 476, 494, _worn out_

for-yelden (A.S.) 133, 257, _to make a return for a thing, repay_

forbisne (A.S.) 152, _an example, similitude, parable_

forceres (A.N.) 186, _coffers_

fore-ward, for-ward, for-warde (A.S.) 65, 119, 206, _a bargain, promise_

for-goer (A.S.) 39, _a goer before_

for-goers (A.S.) 31, _people whose business it was to go before the great lords in their progresses, and buy up provisions for them_

formest (A.S.) 186, 403, _first, foremost_

+formfaderes (A.S.) 498, _first fathers_

formour (A.N.) 160, 358, _a creator, maker_

forreyour (A.N.) 430, _a scout, forager_

forster (A.N.) 354, _a forester_

+forytoures, 465, perhaps an error of the press in the old edition for _fautoures_

forwit (A.S.) 87, _prescience, forethought, anticipation_

fostren (A.S.) 360, _to foster_

foulen (A.S.) 414, _to defoul_

fowel (A.S.) _a fowl, bird_

fraynen (A.S.) _to ask, inquire, question_. _pret. s._ frayned, 18, 109, 151, 341, 370

+fraynyng (A.S.) 452, _questioning_

frankeleyn (A.N.) 398, _a large freeholder_, in rank in society classed with, but after, the _miles_ and _armiger_. See Tyrwhit's note on the Canterbury Tales, l. 333

frayel (A.N.) 252, _a wicker basket_. See note. In the romance of Richard Coeur de Lion, l. 1547, King Richard says:--

Richard aunsweryth, with herte free,
Off froyt there is gret plenté;
Fyggys, raysyns, in _frayel_,
And notes may serve us fol wel.

fraytour (A.N.) 192, 463, _a refectory_

freke (A.S.) 74, 87, 130, 132, 188, 203, 246, 250, 341, _man, fellow_

frele (A.N.) _frail_

freletee (A.N.) 46, frelete, 367, _frailty_

fremmed (A.S.) 303, _strange_

frere (A.N.) _a friar, brother_

frete (A.S.) 265, _to fret_

frete, freten (A.S.) 33, _to eat, devour_. _pret. s._ freet, 381

fretien (A.S.) _to adorn_. _part. p._ fretted

fryth (A.S.) 224, 241, 355, _an inclosed wood_

frythed (A.S.) 112, _wooded_

frounces (A.N.) 265, _wrinkles_

fullen (A.S.) 322, _to full cloth_

fullen (A.S.) 176, _to become full_

fullen (A.S.) _to baptize_. _pret. s._ follede, 321. _part. past_, y-fulled, 398

fullynge (A.S.) 244, 322, 398, _baptizing, baptism_

furwe (A.S.) _a furrow_

fust (A.S.) 356, _the fist_

G. Y.

gabben (A.N.) 53, _to joke, trifle, tell tales_. gabbyng (A.N.) 423, _joking, idle talk_

gadelyng (A.S.) 434, gedelyng, 165. _pl._ gedelynges, 171, gadelynges, 68, _a vagabond_. In Anglo-Saxon the word _gædeling_ means a companion or associate, apparently without any bad sense. Thus the romance of Beowulf speaks of the armour of one of the heroes:--

þæt Onela for-geaf,
his gædelinges
guð-ge-wædu.
_which Onela had given him,
the war-weeds of his comrade,
the ready implements of war._

This, and most of the other similar Anglo-Saxon words, applied to their heroes and warriors, became degraded under the Anglo-Normans. We may mention as other examples the words, _fellow_, _renk_, _grom_, _wye_, &c.

+gaynage (A.N.) 462, _profit_

gaynesse (A.N.) 178, _gaiety_

galoche (A.N.) 370, _a shoe_. The word occurs in Chaucer

galpen (A.S.) 252, _to belch_

gamen (A.S.) _play_

gangen, gange (A.S.) _to go_

+garites (A.S.) 463, _garrets_

garnementz (A.N.) 379, _garments, ornaments_

gare (A.S.) _to make or cause to do a thing_. _pret. s._ garte, 22, 80, 135, 321, gart, 84, gerte, 428

gate (A.S.) 67, 171, 383, _way, going_. go thi gate, 351, 445, _go thy way_. this ilke gate, 354, _this same way_

yate (A.S.) 385, 406, _a gate_

geaunt (A.N.) 384, _a giant_

gentile (A.N.) 26, 174, 175, _gentle, genteel_

gentilliche (A.N.) 44, _beautifully, finely, genteelly_

gentrie (A.N.) 370, _gentility_

gerl (A.S.) _pl._ gerles, girles, gerlis, 17, 184, 369, _youth of either sex_. In the Coventry Mystery of the Slaughter of the Innocents (p. 181) one of the knights engaged in the massacre says:--

I xall sle scharlys,
And qwenys with therlys,
Here _knave gerlys_
I xal steke.
Forthe wyl I spede,
To don hem blede,
Thow _gerlys_ grede,
We xul be wreke.

gerner (A.N.) _a garner_

gesene (A.S. ?) 262, _rare, scarce_

gesse (A.S.) _a guess_. up gesse, 102, _upon guess, by guess_

gest, _pl_. gestes (A.N.) _a deed, history, tale_

gest (A.S.) 312, _a guest_

geten, gete (A.S.) _to get_. _pres. pl._ geten. _pret. s._ gat, thow gete, 386, 389, 390, getest, 390, _part. past_, geten, 375, gete, 403

yiftes (A.S.) 49, _gifts_

gyle (A.S.) _guile, deceit_

gilour (A.S.) _a deceiver_

gyn (A.N.) 384, _a trap, machine, contrivance_

gynful (A.N.) 186, _full of tricks or contrivances_

gynnen (A.S.) _to begin_. _pret. sing._ gan, 2. _pl._ gonne, 158, gonnen, 262. gynnyng, _beginning_. The preterite is frequently used as an auxiliary verb to form with others a kind of imperfect or preterite, as, gan drawe, 352, _drew_; gan despise, 374, _despised_

gyen (A.N.) 39, _to rule_

gyour (A.N.) 421, 429, _a ruler, leader_

girden (A.S.) 40, _to cast, strike_. _pret. s._ girte, 99. In the second Towneley Mystery of the Shepherds, p. 115, Mak says, "If I trespas eft, _gyrd_ of my heede."

gyterne (A.N.) 260, a _gittern_, a musical instrument, resembling, or identical with, the modern guitar

gyven (A.S.) _to give_. _pres. pl._ gyven. _pret. sing._ gaf, yaf, 387. _part. past_, yeven, y-gyve, 37

gyven (A.S.) 436, _to fetter, bind in gyves_

+gladdyng (A.S.) 481, _merry_ (?)

gladen, 404, gladie, 384 (A.S.) _to gladden, cause joy to_. _pret. s._ gladede, 435

+glaverynge (A.N.) 454, 492, _smooth, slippery, flattering_

glazene (A.S.) 435, _made of glass_ (?) See note

glee (A.S.) _the performance of the minstrel or jongleur_

gle-man (A.S.) 98, 165, _a minstrel_

glede, glade (A.S.) 94, 361, _a spark, glowing ember_

+gleym ( ) 479 (?)

+gloppynge (A.S.) 456, _sucking in_

glosen (A.N.) _to gloss, paraphrase, comment_

gloton (A.N.) _a glutton_

glotonye (A.N.) _gluttony_

glubben (A.S.) _to suck in, gobble up_. _part. pas._ y-glubbed, 97, _sucked in_. glubbere, 162, _a glutton_

gnawen (A.S.) _to gnaw_

+gode (A.S.) 476, _a goad_

goky (A.S.) 220, _a gawky, clown_

goliardeis (A.N.) 9, _one who gains his living by following rich men's tables, and telling tales and making sport for the guests_. See on this word the Introduction to the Poems of Walter Mapes. It occurs in Chaucer, C. T. l. 562

He was a jangler and _a golyardeys_,
And that was most of synne and harlotries.

gome (A.S.) 257, 263, 267, 288, 308, 312, 350, 354, 382, 403, _a man_

gomme (A.N.) _gum_

goon (A.S.) 37, _to go_. _pres. s._ he gooth, 354. _pl._ gon, goon, 303. _pret. sing._ wente. _pl._ wenten, 233, 351

goost (A.S.) _spirit, ghost_

goostliche (A.S.) 427, _spiritually_

gorge (A.N.) 176, 177, _the throat, mouth_

gos (A.S.) _pl._ gees, _a goose_

gothelen (A.S.) 97, 252, _to grumble_ (as is said of the belly)

gowe (A.S.) 14, _a phrase of invitation, i. e. go we, let us go_

graffen (A.N.) 85, _to graft_

+graith (A.S.) 453, 464, _the truth_ (?)

graithe (A.S.) 27, _ready, prepared_

graithen (A.S.) _to prepare, make ready_. +_part. pas._ y-greithed, 462, 487. graythed, 494

graithly (A.S.) 386. graythliche, 482, _readily, speedily_

graunt (A.N.) 353, _great_

graven (A.N.) _to engrave_. _part. pas._ grave, 73, _engraved_

gravynge (A.N.) _engraving, sculpturing_

graven (A.N.) 206, _to put in grave_

greden (A.S.) 32, 47, _to cry out, shout, make a noise_. _pret. s._ thow graddest, 421, he gradde, 335, 448

gree (A.N.) 375, _pleasure, will_

greete (A.S.) 100, _to lament_

greyne (A.N.) 412, 415, _a grain, seed_

greten (A.S.) 97, 379, _to greet_. _pret. s._ grette, 186, 344, 446

gretter (A.S.) _greater_

greven (A.N.) 354, _to grieve_

grys (A.S.) 14, 68, 134, _pigs_. See the story of Will _Gris_ in the Lanercost Chronicle

grys (A.N.) 308, _a kind of fur_

+grysliche (A.S.) 485, _fearfully_

grom (A.S.) 99, _a man_: hence the modern groom

grote (A.N.) 51, _a groat, a coin of the value of four pennies_

grucchen, grucche (A.S.) _to grudge_

H.

hailsen (A.S.) _to salute_. _pres. s._ hailse, 83. _pret._ hailsed, 148, 151

hayward (A.N.) 415, _a man employed to watch and guard the inclosed fields, or hays_. An illustration of this word will be found in the passage from Whitaker's text given in the note on l. 2473

hakke (A.S.) 420, _to follow, run after, cut along after_

half (A.S.) _half, side_

halie (A.S.) 156, _to hawl_

hals (A.S.) _the neck_

halwe (A.S.) 327, _to hallow, consecrate, make holy_

hamlen (A.S.) +_part. pas._ y-hamled, 468, _to tie or attach_ (?)

handy dandy (A.S.) 69, the expression still used in Shropshire and Herefordshire

hange, honge (A.S.) 348, 384, _to hang_ (intransitive). _pret. s._ hanged, 19

hange, hangen (A.S.) 39, 392, _to hang_ (transitive). _pret. pl._ hengen, 25

hanylons (A.N.) 181, _the wiles of a fox_. See Sir Frederick Madden's Glossary to Gawawyn (v. _hamlounez_), who quotes the following lines from the Boke of St. Albans:--

And yf your houndes at a chace renne there ye hunte,
And the beest begyn to renne, as hartes ben wonte,
Or for to _hanylon_, as dooth the foxe wyth his gyle,
Or for to crosse, as the roo doth otherwhyle.

hanselle (A.S.) 96, _gift, reward, bribe_. It is used in the alliterative poem on the Deposition of Richard II, p. 30:--

Some parled as perte
As provyd well after,
And clappid more for the coyne
That the kyng owed hem,
Thanne ffor comfforte of the comyne
That her cost paied,
And were behote _hansell_,
If they helpe wolde.

hardy (A.N.) 413, _bold, hardy, courageous_. hardier, 354, _more bold_

hardie (A.N.) 321, _to encourage, embolden_

harewe (A.S.) 412, _a harrow_

harewen, harewe (A.S.) 412, 414, _to harrow_. _pret._ harewede, _ib._

harlot (A.N.) 175, 270, 271, 303, 354, _a blackguard, person of infamous life_. The word was used in both genders. It appears to have answered exactly to the French _ribaud_, as Chaucer in the Romance of the Rose translates _roy des ribaulx_, by _king of harlots_. Chaucer says of the Sompnour (C. T. l. 649):--

He was a _gentil harlot_ and a kynde
A bettre felaw schulde men nowher fynde.
He wolde suffre for a quart of wyn,
A good felawe to ban his concubyn,
A twelve moneth, and excuse him atte fulle.

This passage gives us a remarkable trait of the character of the ribald, or harlot, who formed a peculiar class of middle-age society. Among some old glosses in the Reliquiæ Antiquæ (vol. i, p. 7), we find "_scurra_, a harlotte." In the Coventry Mystery of the Woman taken in Adultery (p. 217), it is the young man who is caught with the woman, and not the woman herself, who is stigmatised as a _harlot_.

harpen (A.S.) _to harp_. _pret. pl._ harpeden, 394

harrow (A.N.) 430, an exclamation, or rather a cry, said to have been peculiar to the Normans, the origin and derivation of which have been the subject of much discussion among antiquaries. It was the cry which every one was bound to raise and repeat, when any murder, theft, robbery, or other violent crime, was attempted or perpetrated, in order that the offenders might be hindered or secured. It was afterwards used in any great tumult or disorder, and became a general exclamation of persons wanting help. (See Ducange, in v. _Haro_.) In the Towneley Mysteries (p. 14), when Cain finds that his offering will not burn, he cries:--

We! out! haro! help to blaw!
It wille not bren for me, I traw.

haspen (A.S.) _to clasp_. y-hasped, 26

hastilokest (A.N.) 424, _most quickly, speedily, hastily_

haten (A.S.) _to call, order_. _pres. s._ I hote. _pret. s._ highte, heet, 445. _part. pas._ y-hote, hoten, hote, _called, ordered_

haten (A.S.) _to be called or named_. _pres. s._ hatte, _is called_, I hatie, 260, _am called_. _pret. s._ highte, _was called_

hater (A.S.) 273, _dress_

haterynge (A.S.) 299, _dressing, attire_

hatien (A.S.) 179, _to hate_

haven, have, han (A.S.) _to have_. _pres. pl._ han. _pret. s._ hadde, _pl._ hadden, hadde

haver (A.S.) _oats_, 134, an haver cake, _an oat-cake_

heed (A.S.) _the head_. _See_ heved

heele (A.S.) _health_

heep (A.S.) _a heap_

heeth (A.S.) 322, _heath_

hegge (A.S.) _pl._ hegges, _a hedge_

heigh (A.S.) _high_

+heyne (A.N.) 466, _hatred_ (?)

heyre (A.S.) _hair_. _gen._ heris, 193, _hair's_

hele, heele (A.S.) _health_

hele (A.S.) 150, _a heel_

helen, (A.S.) 87, 445. helien, 241, _to conceal, hide_

helen, heele, 355 (A.S.) _to heal_. _pret. s._ heeled, 337. an helyng, 355, _in healing, in the course of recovering his health_

helpen, helpe (A.S.) _to help_. _pret. s._ halp, 403, 418, _pl._ holpen, 123. _part. pas._ holpen, 75, 303, 338, holpe, 115

hem (A.S.) _them_

hemselve (A.S.) _themselves_

hende (A.S.) 308, _gentle, polite_. hendenesse, 398, _gentleness, worthiness_. hendely, hendiliche, 44, _politely, gently_

hennes (A.S.) _hence, from this time_

henten, hente (A.S.) _to take, seize_. _pret. s._ hente, hent, 435

heraud (A.N.) _a herald_

herberwe (A.S.) _a harbour_

herberwen (A.S.) _to harbour, shelter_. _pret. s._ herberwed, 352

heremite (A.N.) _a hermit_

heren, here (A.S.) _to hear_. _pret. s._ herde. _imperat._ y-heer, 356

herne (A.S.) 42, 393, _a corner_

herte (A.S.) _the heart_

heste (A.S.) _a commandment_

+hethen (A.S.) 475, _hence_

+hetheved (A.S.) 469, _head_

hethynesse (A.S.) 321, _heathenness, paganism, idolatry_

heved (A.S.) _a head_. heed, 352

hewe (A.S.) 110, _pl._ hewen, 71, 273, 281, _a husbandman, a workman_

hewe, _pl._ hewes (A.S.) 224, _hue, colour_

hiden (A.S.) _to hide_. _pret. s._ hidde, 354. _part. pas._ y-hudde, 199

+hyen (A.S.) 475, _to hie, go_. _pret. s._ hiede, 444

hyere (A.S.) _higher_

hii (A.S.) _they_

hil (A.S.) _pl._ hulles, _a hill_

hilen (A.S.) 113, _to cover over_. _pret. s._ hiled, 241, _pl._ hileden, 223

hynde (A.S.) 311, _a doe, female deer_

hyne (A.S.) _a servant, serf, rustic, labourer_

hyne, 72, 268, _a hen_ (?)

hippynge (A.S.) 351, _hopping_

hire (A.S.) _their_

hir (A.S.) _of them_. _gen. pl._ of he. hir neither, 67, _neither of them_. hir eyther, 212, 446, _either of them_. hir noon, 237, _none of them_. hir oon fordooth hir oother, 373, _one of them destroys the other of them_

his (A.S.) _pl._ hise, _his_

hitten (A.S.) _to hit_. _pret. s._ hite, 86, hitte, 96

+hod (A.S.) 476, _a hood_

+hok-shynes (A.S.) 476, _crooked shins_. hok seems almost superfluous: the shin towards the _hock_ or ancle?

holden (A.S.) _to hold_. _pres. s._ he halt, 354, 357, _pl._ holde, 15, holden, 18. _pret. s._ heeld, 156, 206, _pl._ helden, 294, 418, 438. _part. pas._ y-holden, 358, holden, y-holde, 440, 441

hool (A.S.) _pl._ hole, 392, _whole, entire_. hooly, _wholly_. holly, 396, _wholly_. +hollich, 452, _wholly_

homliche (A.S.) 179, _from house to house_

hoom (A.S.) _home_. the viker hadde fer hoom, 424, _the vicar had far to go home_

hoor (A.S.) _pl._ hore, 144, _hoary_. as hoor as an hawethorn, 341

hoord (A.S.) _a hoard_

hoors (A.S.) 367, _hoarse_

hoot (A.S.) 360, _hot_

hopen (A.S.) 329, _to expect, hope_

hoper (A.S.) 120, _the hopper of a mill_

hore (A.S.) 75, _pl._ hoores, 299, hores, 303, _a whore_

+hornes (A.S.) 461, _corners_

hostele (A.N.) 355, _to give lodging, to receive into an inn_

hostiler (A.N.) 352, 355, _the keeper of a hostelry or inn_

hostrie (A.N.) 352, _a hostelry, inn_

houpen (A.S.) 127, _to hoop, shout_

houres (A.N. heures, _Lat._ horæ) _the Romish service_

housel (A.S.) 419, _the sacrament of the Eucharist_

houselen (A.S.) _to receive the Eucharist_. _part. past_, housled, 396, 424, houseled, 419

hoven (A.S.) 13, _to tarry, hover, dwell_. _pret. s._ hoved, 374

howve (A.S.) _pl._ howves, 13, 60, 435, _a cap or hood_

hucche (A.S.) 72, _a hutch, chest_

huge (A.S.) 216, _great_

hukkerye (A.S.) 90, _huckstry_

hunten (A.S.) _to hunt_. _part. pas._ y-honted, 41

huppe (A.S.) 327, _to hop_

huyre (A.S.) 111, _hire, wages_

I. Y.

ic, ich, ik (A.S.) _I_

+ich (A.S.) _each_. +ichon, 479, _each one_. _See_ ech

ydel (A.S.) _idleness, vanity_. on ydel, _in vain_

+iis (A.S.) 476, _ice_

ilke (A.S.) _same_

impe (A.N.) 85, _a sprig, twig growing from the root of a tree_

impen, ympen (A.N.) 85, _to graft_. +_part. past_, ymped, 469, _grafted_

in-going (A.S.) 115, _entrance_

inne (A.S.) the adverbial form of _in_

inne (A.S.) _a lodging_, hence our _inn_

inwit (A.S.) 160, 162, 364, _conscience, interior understanding_. with inwit and outwit, 263

yren (A.S.) 288, _iron_

ysekeles (A.S.) 361, _icicles_

J.

jangeleres, jangleris (A.N.) 3, 175, _praters_

jangle (A.N.) 9, 33, 74, 136, 164, 251, 337, 339, _to jangle, to talk emptily, to prate_

janglynge (A.N.) 169, 419, _jangling, empty talking, nonsense_

jape (A.S.) 433, _a jest_

japen (A.S.) 19, 33, 260, _to jest, mock, cajole_. _part. past_, japed, 371

japer (A.S.) _pl._ japeres, japeris, 3, 164, 175, _a jester, mocker_

Jewe, _gen. pl._ Jewen, 19, Jewene, 384, 402, _a Jew_

jogele (A.N.) 260, _to play the minstrel, or jongleur_

jogelour (A.N.) 121, 175, _a minstrel, jongleur, one who played mountebank tricks_

jouke (A.S.) 336, _to rest, dwell_

joute (A.N.) 86, _a battle, combat_

jugge (A.N.) _a judge_

juggen (A.N.) 290, 427, _to judge_

jurdan (A.N.) 251, _a pot_. At a later period the word was only applied to a chamber-pot, as in Shakespeare

juste (A.N.) 251, justes, 351, 352, 370, _a joust, battle, tournament_

justen, juste (A.N.) 336, 370, 374, _to joust, tilt (in a tournament)_. _pret. s._ justed, 340, justede, 380

justere (A.N.) 396, _one who goes to jousts, engages in tournaments_

justice (A.N.) 404, _to judge_

juttes (A.N. ?) 201, _low persons_

juventee (A.N.) 402, _youth_

juwise (A.N.) 392, _judgment_, from _judicium_

K. _See under_ C.