Chapter M

macche (A.S.) 248, 249, _companion, match-fellow_

macche (A.S.) 360, _a match_

macer (A.N.) 47, _one who carries a mace_

mayen (A.S.) _to be able_ (it is seldom or never used in the infinitive mood). _pres. s._ may, _pl._ mowen, mowe. _pret. s._ myghte, _pl._ mighte

y-maymed (A.S.) 359, _maimed_

mayn-pernour, (A.N.) 71, 380. _See_ the next word

mayn-prise (A.N.) 70, 346, _a kind of bail_, a law term. "It signifieth in our Common Law the taking or receiving a man in friendly custodie, that otherwise is or might be committed to prison, and so upon securitie given for his forth coming at a day assigned: and they that doe thus undertake for any, are called _mainpernours_, because they do receive him into their hands." MINSHEU. The persons thus received were allowed to go at large

mayn-prise (A.N.) 75, 426, meynprise, 39, _to bail in the manner described under the foregoing word_

mair (A.N.) 290, _pl._ meires, 150, _a mayor_

maistrie (A.N.) 66, _a mastery, a feat of science_

make (A.S.) 50, 222, 230, _a companion, consort_

maken, make (A.S.) _to make_. _pret. s._ made. _part. pas._ y-maked, 2. maad, 71, 248

make (A.S.) 229, _to compose poetry_. _See_ note

makynge (A.S.) 229, _writing poetry_

male (A.N.) 91, _a box, pack_

+malisones (A.N.) 493, _curses_

mamelen (A.S.) 78, 226, _to chatter, mumble_

menacen (A.N.) _to menace, threaten_

manere (A.N.) _manner_

mange (A.N.) 132, _to eat_

mangerie (A.N.) 209, 328, _an eating, a feast_

manlich (A.S.) 92. _humane_. manliche, _manfully, humanely_

mansed (A.N.) 30, 74, 190, 233, 438, _cursed, excommunicated_

marc (A.N.) 161, _a mark (a coin)_

marche (A.S.) 159, 321, _a border_. The word is preserved in the term "Marches of Wales," "Marches of Scotland"

marchen (A.N.) _to march, go_

mareys (A.N.) _a marsh_

+masedere (A.N.) 499, _more amazed_

maugree (A.N.) 131, _ill thanks, in spite of_

maundee (A.S.) 339, _maunday_

maundement (A.N.) 348, _a commandment_

mawe (A.S.) 298, _mouth, maw_

maze (A.N.) 12, _doubt, amazement, a labyrinth_

meden (A.S.) 56, _to reward, bribe_

mede (A.S.) _meed, reward_

medlen (A.N.) _to mix with_

meel (A.S.) _meal_

meene (A.N.) _poor, moderate, middle_

mees (A.S.) 249, 313, _a mess_ or _portion of meat_

megre (A.N.) _meagre, thin_

meynee (A.N.) 178, _household, household retinue_

meken (A.S.) _to make meek, humiliate_

mele (A.S.) 262, _meal, flour_

mendinaunt, _pl._ mendinauntz (A.N.) _a beggar; friars of the begging orders_

mene, meene (A.N.) _mean, middle_

mene (A.N.) 326, _a mean_

menen (A.S.) _to mean_. to meene, 15, 18. that is Crist to mene, 399, _that means Christ_

menen (A.S.) _to moan, lament_. _pret._ mened

+menemong (A.S.) 497, _of an ordinary quality_

menever (A.N.) 433, _a kind of fur; the fur of the ermine and small weasel mixed_

mengen (A.S.) _to mix, meddle_

menyson (A.N.) 337, _a flux, dysentery_

menour (A.N.) _a Minorite_

menske (A.S.) 54, 455, _decency, honour, manliness_

mercien (A.N.) _to thank_

mercy (A.N.) 17, 353, _thanks_

mercy (A.N.) 360, 361, _mercy_

mercyment (A.N.) _amercement_

merk (A.S.) 316, _a mark_

merke (A.S.) 15, _dark_. merknesse (A.S.) 377, 379, _darkness_

merveillous (A.N.) _marvellous, wonderful_

meschief (A.N.) 197, _mishap, evil, mischief_

mesel (A.S.) _pl._ meseles, 51, 144, 337, _a leper_

meson-Dieux (A.N.) 139, _hospitals_

messe (A.S.) _mass, the Romish ceremony_

mestier (A.N.) 138, _occupation_

mesurable (A.N.) _moderate_

met (A.S.) 267, _measure_

mete (A.S.) _meat_. mete-less, (A.S.) _without meat_

metels (A.S.) 13, 31, 147, 149, 155, 202, 207, _a dream_

meten, meete (A.S.) 310, _to meet_. _pret. s._ mette, 351. _part. pas._ met, 216

meten (A.S.) _to dream_. _pret. s._ mette, 148, 155, 396. _part. s._ metynge, 221

metyng (A.S.) 246, _a dream_

+meter (A.S.) 476, _fitter_ (?)

meve (A.N.) 153, 228, _to move_. _pres. pl._ ye moeven, 298

myd (A.S.) _with_

myddel-erthe (A.S.) 221, _the world_

middes (A.S.) _middle, midst_

mynistren (A.N.) 231, _to administer_

mynnen (A.S.) 322, _to mind, to recollect_

mynours (A.N.) _miners, diggers of mines_

mys-beden (A.S.) 119, _to injure_

mysese (A.N.) 16, _ill ease_

mys-eise (A.N.) 139, _ill at ease_

mysfeet (A.N.) 224, _ill deed, wrong_

+myster (A.N.) 484, _kind species_

mystier (A.S.) _more misty, more dark_

+myteynes (A.N.) 476, _mittens, gloves_

mnam, 131, _a Hebrew coin_

mo (A.S.) _more_

mody (A.S.) _moody_. modiliche, _moodily_

moeble, meble (A.N.) 364, _goods_

molde, moolde (A.S.) _earth, mould_

moled (A.N.) 262, 264, _spotted, stained_

mom (A.S.) 13, _a mum, sound_

mone (A.S.) 295, _lamentation_

+monelich (A.N.) 457, _meanly_

monials (A.N.) 192, _nuns_ (_Lat._ moniales)

moore (A.S.) 403, _greater_

moost (A.S.) _greatest_

moot (A.N.) 113, 417, _a moat_

moot-halle (A.S.) 73, 74, _hall of meeting, of justice_

more (A.S.) 300, 330, 331, 334, _pl._ mores, 416, _a root_

mornen (A.S.) _to mourn_. _pret. s._ mornede

mortrews (A.N.) 248, 250, 252, _a kind of soup_

morwe (A.S.) _morning, morrow_

morwenynge (A.S.) _morning_

mote (A.S.) 25, _to hold courts of justice_

motyng (A.S.) 141, _judging, meeting for justice_

moton (A.N.) 44, _the name of a coin_. _See_ note on l. 1404

mous (A.S.) _pl._ mees, _a mouse_

mouster (A.N.) 267, _muster, arrangement_

muche (A.S.) 155, 417, _great_

muchel (A.S.) 401, _great, much_

muliere, mulliere (A.N.) 343, 344, _a wife, woman_

murie (A.S.) _pleasant, merry, joyful_. murye, 1, _pleasantly_, murier, _more pleasant_

murthe (A.S.) 382, _pleasure, joy, mirth_

murthen (A.S.) 362, _to make merry or joyful_

muson (A.N.) 183, _measures_ (?)

must (A.S.) 391, _a liquor made of honey_

N.

nale (A.S.) 124, _the ale_. _see_ atte

namoore (A.S.) _no more_

naught (A.S.) _not, nought_

ne (A.S.) _not_. The negative _ne_ is combined with the verb _to will, to be_, &c.; as _nelle_, for _ne wille_, _nel, nyl_, for _ne wil_, _nere_, for _ne were_, _nolde_, for _ne wolde_, _nyste_, for _ne wiste_. It is sometimes combined with other verbs, as _naroos_, 399, for _ne aroos_. So we have such expressions as, wol he nele he, 427, i. e. _whether he will or he will not_

nede (A.S.) _need_

neddre (A.S.) 82, _an adder, venomous serpent_

nedlere (A.S.) 96, _maker of, or dealer in, needles_

neet (A.S.) 411, _cattle_. Farmers still talk of _neat cattle_

neghen (A.S.) _to approach, to near_. _pret. s._ neghed, 425, neghede, 438

neigh (A.S.) _near, nigh_

nempne (A.S.) 397, _to name, call_. _pret. s._ nempned, 397, 404. _part. pas._ y-nempned, nempned

nevelynge (A.S.) 85, _sniveling_

nygard (A.S.) _niggard_

nymen, nyme (A.S.) 268, 304 426, _to take_. _part. pas._ y-nome, 427

nyppe (A.S.) 379, _a point_ (?)

noble (A.N.) 191, _a gold coin of the value of six shillings and eightpence_

noght (A.S.) _nought, nothing_

noyen (A.N.) _to injure, annoy, plague_

nones (A.N.) 125, _the hour of two or three in the afternoon_

nonne (A.S.) 86, _a nun_

noon (A.S.) _none_

nounpere (A.N.) 97, _an umpire, an arbitrator_

noughty (A.S.) 130, _possessed of nothing_

noun (A.N.) 366, _no_

nouthe (A.S.) _now_

O.

o (A.S.) 349, _one_

of-gon (A.S.) 166, _to derive_ (?)

of-walked (A.S.) 258, _fatigued with walking_

o-lofte (A.S.) _aloft, on high_

one, oone (A.S.) _singly, alone, only_. myn one, 154, _myself singly_

+onethe (A.S.) _scarcely_. _See_ unnethe

oon (A.S.) _one_

oost (A.N.) 416, _a host, army_

openen, opene (A.S.) _to open_. _pret. pl._ opned, 388

ordeigne, ordeyne (A.N.) 415, _to ordain_

organye (A.N.) 369, _a musical instrument_. by organye, _as an accompaniment to music_

ote (A.S.) _an oat_

oughen (A.S.) _to own, possess, owe_. _pret. s._ oughte, 47

outher (A.S.) _other, either, or_

over-come (A.S.) _to overcome_. _pret. s._ over-coom, 405

over-hoven (A.S.) 55, 379, _to hover or dwell over, hang over_

over-hippen (A.S.) _to hop over, skip over_. _pret. pl._ thei over-huppen, 250, 318

over-leden (A.S.) 62, _to overlead, tyrannize over_

over-spreden (A.S.) _to spread over_. _pret. s._ over-spradde, 408

over-tilten (A.S.) _to tilt or throw over_. _pret. s._ over-tilte, 428, 433, _threw over, dug up_

owene (A.S.) 366, _own_

P.

paast (A.N.) 275, _paste, dough_

payn (A.N.) _bread_

paynym (A.N.) 108, 326, _a pagan_

pays (A.N.) 340, _country_

pallen (A.S.) 333, _to knock_. _pret. s._ I palle, 332

palmere (A.N.) 83, _a palmer, pilgrim to distant lands_

paltok (A.N.) 370, 438, _a cloak_

panne (A.S.) 69, _the scull, head_

pardoner (A.N.) _a dealer in pardons_

parentrelynarie (A.N.) 220, _between the lines, interlineal_

parfiter (A.N.) 229, _more perfectly_

parfitly (A.N.) _perfectly_

parfourne (A.N.) _to perform_

parisshen (A.N.) 206, 441, _a parishioner_

parle (A.N.) _to talk_. _part. past_, parled, 385

parroken (A.N.) 312, _to park or inclose_

parten (A.N.) _to share, to part_. +_part. pas._ parten, 475

Pasqe (A.N.) 338, _Easter_

passhen (A.S.) 431, _to crush_

pawme (A.N.) 356, _the palm of the hand_

pece (A.N.) 276, _a piece_

peeren (A.N.) 320, _make themselves equal_

peeren (A.N.) 11, _to appear_

pees (A.N.) _peace_. preide hem be pees, 405, _prayed them to be quiet_

peire (A.N.) _a pair_

peiren (A.N.) 50, _to diminish, injure_. _see_ apeiren

peis (A.N.) 91, _weight_

peisen (A.N.) 90, _to weigh_

pelure (A.N.) 420, _fur_

pens (A.S.) _pence_

peraunter (A.N.) 202, _peradventure, by chance_

percell, _pl._ parcelles (A.N.) 177, 220, 349, _a parcel, part_

percel-mele (A.N.) 48, _piecemeal_

percile (A.N.) 134, _parsley_

pere (A.N.) 139, _a peer, an equal_

perfourne (A.N.) 251, _to finish, complete, to furnish_

perillousli (A.N.) _dangerously, rudely_

y-perissed (A.N.) 359, _perished, destroyed_

perree (A.N.) 173, _precious stones, jewellery_

persaunt (A.N.) 24, _piercing_

person (A.N.) 441, _a parson_. personage, _a parsonage_

pertliche (A.N.) 78, _openly_

pese (A.N.) _pease_

petit (A.N.) _little_

picche (A.S.) 123, _to pick_

pie (A.N.) 150, _a magpie_

pik (A.S.) _a pike_

pikstaf (A.S.) 123, _a pike-staff_

piken (A.S.) _to pick_

pyke-harneys (A.N.) 440, _plunderers_

pykoise (A.N.) 61, _a hoe_

pil, pyl, _pl._ piles (A.S.) 331, 332, 417, _a pile_

+pilche (A.S.) 465, _a coat of hair or some rude material_. We find the word used by Lydgate, ed. Halliwell, p. 154:--

Houndys for favour wyl nat spare,
To pynche his _pylche_ with greet noyse and soun.

And in Caxton's Reynard the Foxe, cap. v, Reynard having turned hermit, bare "his slayvne and _pylche_, and an heren sherte therunder."

+pild (A.N.) 500, _bald_

pilen (A.N.) 422, _to rob_

pilour (A.N.) 371, 420, _a thief_

+pylion (A.S. ?) 500, _a kind of cap_

pyne (A.N.) peyne, _pl._ peynes, _pain, punishment_

pyne, 78. _See_ wynen

pynynge-stoole (A.S.) 47, literally, _a stool of punishment, a cucking-stool_

pynne (A.S.) 442, _to bolt_

piones (A.N.) 95, _the seed of the piony_, which was used as a spice. In the Coventry Mysteries (ed. Halliwell, p. 22) we find the word joined, as here, with pepper:--

Here is pepyr, _pyan_, and swete lycorys,
Take hem alle at thi lykying

pyries (A.N.) 78, _pear-trees_

pisseris (A.N.) 438 (?)

pistle (A.N.) _an epistle_

pitously (A.N.) _piteously, for the sake of pity_

pleyen (A.S.) _to play_. _pret. s._ pleide, _pl._ pleiden

pleyn (A.N.) _full_

pleyne (A.N.) 53, _to commiserate, to complain, make a complaint_

plener (A.N.) 209, 336, _full, fully_

pleten (A.N.) _to plead_. _pret. pl._ pleteden, 140

platten (A.N.) _to fall or throw down flat_. _pret. s._ platte, 81

plot (A.N.) 263, _pl._ plottes, 265, _a patch_

plow-foot (A.S.) 123, _a part of a plough_

po (A.S.) 243, _a peacock_

+poynttyl (A.N.) 462, the signification of this word appears to be the _square tiles_ used for paving floors. See Warton's Hist. of Engl. Poetry, ii, 99

poke (A.S.) 150, 259, 275, 288, _a sack_

poken (A.N.) _to urge, push forwards, poke, thrust_

pol, 205, polle (A.S.) 261, 430, _a head, poll_

polshen (A.N.) 105, _to polish_

pondfold (A.S.) 346, _the pinfold or pound_

poraille (A.N.) _the poor people_

poret (A.N.) _pl._ porettes, 134, 135, _a kind of leek_

porthors (A.N.) 302, _a breviary_, (_portiforium_, Lat.)

pose (A.N.) 365, _to place, put as a supposition_

possen (A.N.) _to push_

potente (A.N.) 156, _a club, staff_

pouke (A.S.) 256, 285, 333, 346, _the devil_

Poul (A.N.) _St. Paul_

pounde-mele (A.S.) 41, _by the pound_

pous (A.N.) 352, _the pulse_

poustee (A.N.) 79, 228, _power, strength_

povere (A.N.) _poor_

+povert (A.N.) 496, _poverty_

+powghe, terre powghe, 487, _a torn sack or poke_ (?) The imperfect glossary appended to the old printed edition of the "Creed" explains it by _tar box_

prayen (A.N.) 430, _to make prey of, plunder_

preessen (A.N.) 286, _to hasten, crowd_

preyen, preye (A.N.) _to pray_. _pret. s._ preide, preyde

preiere (A.N.) _prayer_

preynte (A.N. ?) 253 (?)

preise (A.N.) 97, _to appraise, value_

+prese (A.N.) 495, _to hasten_. _pret. s._ presed, 460

prest (A.N.) 287, _ready_. prester, 191, _more ready_. presteste, 110, _readiest, quickest_. prestly, _readily_

preven, preve (A.N.) _to prove_

prikye (A.S.) 369, _to ride over, ride, spur_. _pret. s._ prikede, 368, _part. past_, y-priked, 430

prikere (A.S.) 159, 191, prikiere, 370, _a rider_

pris (A.N.) 411, _prize, value_

prison (A.N.) 140, 315, 372, _a prisoner_

pryvee (A.N.) _private, intimate, confidential_

provisour (A.N.) 38, 73, _a purveyor, provider_

prowor (A.N.) 411, _a priest_

puffed (A.S.) 78, _blown_

+pulchen (A.N.) _to polish_. _part. past_, pulched, 458, pulchud, 460, _polished_

pulette (A.N.) _a chicken_

punysshen (A.N.) 407, _to punish_

pure (A.N.) _pure, simple, unmixed_. pure (_adv._) 213, _purely, simply_. purely for-do, 262, _altogether destroyed or undone_. +puriche (A.N.) 467, _purely_: perhaps it should be _purliche_

purfill, purfil (A.N.) 72, 78, _embroidery, tinsel_

purfilen (A.N.) 28, _to embroider_

put (A.S.) 195, 284, _pl._ puttes, _a pit, cave_

putten, puten (A.S.) 400, _to put, place_. _pres. s._ putte, _pl._ putten. _pres. s._ and _pl._ putte, 68, 110, 372. _part. past_, y-put, 290

Q.

quatron (A.N.) 90, _a quartern_

quave (A.N.) _to shake, tremble_. _pret. s._ quaved, 373

queed (A.S.) 285, _the evil one, the devil_

queste-mongere (A.N. and A.S.) _one who made a business of conducting inquests_

queynt (A.S.) 390, _quenched, destroyed_

queyntely (A.N.) 416, _quaintly, cunningly_

queyntise (A.N.) 385, 417, _cunning_

quellen (A.S.) _to kill_. _part. past_, quelt, 337, _killed_

+quenes (A.S.) 456, _women_. The word is used in the modern sense of the word _wench_

quyk (A.S.) 384, 399, _live, alive_

quykne (A.S.) 390, _to give life to, bring to life_. _pret. s._ I quikne

quite, quyte (A.N.) 389, 390, _to quit, pay off_. _part. past_, quit, 390

quod (A.S.) _quoth, says_

R.

radegunde (A.S. ?) 430, _a disease, apparently a sort of boil_

rageman (A.N.) 5, 335, _a catalogue, list_

ray (A.N.) 89, _a ray, streak_

+raken (A.S.) 455, _to go raking about_

rakiere (A.S.) 96, _one who goes raking about_

rape (A.S.) 97, _haste_

rapen (A.S.) 65, 101, 124, _to prepare_. _pret. s._ raped, 352

rapeliche (A.S.) 347, rapely, 351, _readily, quickly_. rapelier, 352, _more quickly_

rappen (A.S.) 20, _to strike, rap_

rather, 155, _earlier_

rathe (A.S.) _early_. rathest, _earliest, first, soonest, most readily_

raton (A.N.) _a rat_

ratoner (A.N.) 96, _a rat-catcher_

raunsone (A.N.) 390, _ransom_

rave (A.S.) 380, _to rave_. ravestow, 380, _dost thou rave_

ravysshen (A.N.) 399, _to ravage, rob, plunder, ravish_

raxen (A.S.) 100, _to hawk, spit_

reaume, reme (A.N.) _pl._ remes, reames, _a realm_

recche (A.S.) 67, 204, _to reck, care for_. _pret. s._ roughte, 369

recchelees (A.S.) 369, _reckless_

rechen (A.S.) 359, _to reach_. _pret. s._ raughte, 5, 76, 153, 335, 369

recoverer (A.N.) 352, _a remedy_ (?)

recrayed (A.N.) 58, _recreant_ (?)

rede (A.S.) _red_

rede (A.S.) _to read_

reden (A.S.) _to advise, counsel_. _pret. s._ redde, 106, _pl._ radde, 71, 84. _imperat._ reed, 72

redel (A.S.) 257, _a riddle_

+redelich (A.S.) 498, _readily, promptly_

redyng-kyng, 96, _a class of feudal retainers_. _See_ Spelman's Gloss. in v. _rodknightes_

reed (A.S.) _counsel, advice_

regne (A.N.) _to reign_. _pret. s._ regnede, 399, _reigned_

regratier, regrater (A.N.) 48, 90, _a retailer of wares and victuals_

regratrie (A.N.) 48, _retailing, selling by retail_

reyn (A.S.) _rain_

reckenen (A.S.) _to reckon, count_

relessen (A.N.) 46, _to forgive_

releve (A.N.) 377, _to raise again, restore, rally_

religious (A.N.) _pl._ religiouses 192, _a monk_

renable (A.N.) 10, _reasonable_

renden (A.S.) 13, _to rend, tear_. _imperat._ rende, 76

reneye (A.N.) 210, _to deny, be a renegade to_. _part. pas._ reneyed, 210, _renegade_

renk (A.S.) 12, 101, 149, 231, 238, 280, 369, 385, _a man_

rennen, renne (A.S.) 353, _to run_. _imperative_, ren thow, 230. _pret. s._ ran, roon, 277, yarn, 205 (? y-arn). _part. past_, ronne, 156

renner (A.S.) 72, _a runner_

renten (A.N.) 140, _to give rents to_

+rentful (A.S.) 476, _meagre, miserable_ (?)

repen (A.S.) _to reap_. _pret. pl._ ropen, 268

repreven (A.N.) 236, _to reprove, blame_

rerages (A.N.) 91, _arrears_

retenaunce (A.N.) 31, _a retinue_

reve (A.S.) 34, 102, 411, 423, _an overseer, a reeve, steward, or bailiff_

reve (A.S.) 335, 385, _to take from_

revere, _pl._ reveris (A.S.) _reavers, people who deprive by force_

reward (A.N.) 364, _attention, warning_

+rewel (A.S.) 473, _rule_

rewen (A.S.) _to rue, to have mercy_

rewme (A.N.) 430, _a rheumatism, cold_

ribaud (A.N.) 108, 286, 339, 372, _a profligate low man_. The word belonged properly to a particular class in society. See a detailed account of its derivation and signification in a note in my Political Songs, p. 369

ribaudie (A.N.) _low profligate talk_

ribaudour (A.N.) 121, _a teller of low tales_

ribibour (A.N.) 96, _a player on_ _the ribibe_ (a musical instrument)

riche, ryche (A.S.) _a kingdom_. hevene riche blisse, _the joy of the kingdom of heaven_

richen (A.N.) _to become rich_

riden, ryde (A.S.) _to ride_. _pres. s._ ryt, _pl._ riden. _pret. s._ rood, 354

rightwisnesse (A.S.) 393, _righteousness_

ringen (A.S.) _to ring_. _pret. pl._ rongen, 395, 428

ripe (A.S.) 415, _to ripen_

ripe (A.S.) 100, _ready_

rise, ryse (A.S.) 352, _to rise_. _pret. s._ roos, 91, 344

risshe (A.S.) 75, _a rush_ (_juncus_)

rody (A.S.) _ruddy, red_

roggen (A.S.) _to shake_ (explained in the Prompt. Parv. by _agito_.) _pret. s._ rogged, 335

roynous (A.N.) 430, _scabby, rough_

rolle (A.N.) 93, _to enrol_

rome (A.S.) 209, 210, 328, _to roam_

romere (A.S.) _pl._ romeris, _a person who wanders or roams about_

ronges (A.S.) 333, _the steps of a ladder_

roost (A.N.) 14, _roast_

+rote (A.N.) _practice_. by rote, _by heart_. be pure rote, 473, _merely by rote_

roten (A.S.) _to rot_

rotey tyme (A.N.) 222, _the time of rut_

+rotheren (A.S.) 476, _oxen_

rounen, rownen (A.S.) 66, 97, _to whisper, talk privately_

routhe (A.S.) _ruth, compassion_

rowen (A.S.) _to become red, as the dawn of day_ (?). _pret. s._ rowed, 376

rufulliche (A.S.) _ruefully_

rugge (A.S.) 286, 413, _the back_. rugge-bone (A.S.) 98, _the back-bone_

rulen (A.N.) 393, _to rule, govern_

rusty (A.S.) 121, _filthy_ (?). In the Coventry Mysteries, p. 47, Ham's wife says, "rustynes of synne is cawse of these wawys;" i. e. _filthiness of sin is the cause of these waves_

ruthe (A.S.) _compassion_

rutten (A.S. ?) 100, _to snore_. _pret. s._ rutte, 369

ruwet (A.S. ?) 98, _a small trumpet_

S.

saaf (A.N.) _safe_

sadde (A.S.) 188, _to make serious, steady_

sadde (A.S.) 152, _serious, grave, steady_

sadder (A.S.) 77, _sounder_

safly (A.N.) _safely_

saille (A.N.) 260, _to leap_

salve (A.N.) 337, _to apply salves_

samplarie (A.N.) 234, _type, first copy_

saufté (A.N.) _safety_

saughtne (A.S.) 65, _to be pacified, reconciled_

saulee (A.N.) 331 (?)

saunz (A.N.) _without_

saute (A.N.) 260, _to jump_

sauter (A.N.) _the Psalter_

savoren (A.N.) 157, _to savour_

savour (A.N.) 147, _knowledge_

sawe (A.S.) 147, 165, 378, _pl._ sawes, 174, _a saying, legend, proverb_

scathe (A.S.) 46, 70, 71, 298, _injury, hurt_

scryveynes (A.N.) 193, _writers_

+se (A.N.) 483, _seat_

secte (A.N.) 106, 107, 216, _a suit_

see (A.S.) _the sea_

seel (A.S.) 348, _pl._ seles, _a seal_

seem (A.S.) 45, 67, _a seam_ (of wheat), a measure of eight bushels, originally as much as a horse could carry

sege (A.N.) 443, _siege_

+seget (A.N.) 489, _subject_

segge (A.S.) 46, 78, 84, 100, 216, 341, 443, 445, _a man_

seyen, 290, seye, seyn, seggen, 53, 264, sigge, 208, 302, siggen, 264, 312, 318, 350 (A.S.) _to say_. _pres. s._ I seye, he seith, thei siggen, 320. _pret. s._ seide, _pl._ seiden

seillynge (A.S.) 387, _sailing_

seynen (A.N.) _to sign_. _pret. s._ seyned, 104

seint (A.N.) _a saint_

seken, seche (A.S.) _to seek_; 273, _to penetrate_. _pret. s. & pl._ soughte. _part. pas._ y-sought

selde (A.S.) _seldom_. selden, 365

selen (A.S.) _to seal_

self (A.S.) _objec. s._ selve, _pl._ selves _self-same_. on the selve roode, 427, _on the cross itself_

+sely (A.S.) 477, _simple, poor_

selkouth (A.S.) _pl._ selkouthe _wonderful, strange_

selles (A.N.) _cells_

semen (A.S.) 328, _to seem, appear, resemble_. +I semed, 460, _I looked_

semynge (A.S.) 318, _resembling_

semy-vif (A.N.) 351, _half alive_, i. e. _half dead_

sen, 25, see, 32 (A.S.) _to see_. _pres. sing._ thow sest, 15. he seeth, _pl._ we seen. _pret. sing._ seigh, 77, 147, 200, 247, seyghe, 82, saugh, 29, 77, 347, 376, 437, _pl._ seighe. _part. pas._ y-seyen, seyen, 216, 308, 349, seene, y-seighen, 77, seighen, 177, y-seighe, 365

senden (A.S.) _to send_. _pret. s._ sent, 421, _pl._ senten

serelopes (A.S.) 358, _severally, by themselves_

serk (A.S.) 81, _a shift, shirt_

serven (A.N.) _to serve_

setten (A.S.) _to set_. _pret. s. & pl._ sette. _part. past_, seten, 248

sewen (A.S.) _to follow_. _see_ suwen

shaar (A.S.) 61, _the blade or share of a plough_

+shaf (A.S.) 490, _chaff_

shaft (A.S.) 161, 225, _make, creation_

shaken (A.S.) _to shake_. _pret. s._ shook, 268

shallen (A.S.) _the auxiliary verb. sing._ I shal, 15. thow shalt, _pl._ ye shul, 14, shulle, 25, thei shulle, 22--sholde, sholdest, _pl._ sholden, sholde

shapen, shape (A.S.) _to make, create, shape_. _pret. s._ shoop, 1, 163, 197, 225, 443, shapte, 361, 433, for-shapte, 365. _pl._ shopen. _part. past_, mys-shapen, 144, shapen, 280

shappere (A.S.) 358, _a maker, creator_

sharpe (A.S.) 443, _pungent_

sheep (A.S.) 1, _a sheep, or a shepherd_

sheltrom (A.S.) 278, _a host, troop of soldiers_

shenden (A.S.) _to ruin, destroy_. _pret. s._ shente, 365. _part. pas._ shent

shene (A.S.) 394, _bright_

shenfulliche (A.S.) 59, _shamefully, disastrously_

shepstere (A.S.) 265, _a sheep-shearer_ (?)

shere (A.S.) _a shear_

sherreve (A.S.) 31, 51, _a shire-reeve_, or _sheriff_

sherewe, shrewe (A.S.) _a shrew; a cursed one_

shrewednesse (A.S.) _cursedness_

sheten (A.S.) _to shoot_. _pret. pl._ shotten, 438

shetten, shette (A.S.) _to shut_. _pret. s._ shette

shide (A.S.) 167, 197, _a thin board, a billet of wood_

shiften (A.S.) _to move away_. _pret. s._ shifte 435

shyngled (A.S.) 168, _made of planks or boards_

shonyen (A.S.) 87, _to shun_

+shosen ( ) 491 qu. for chosen, i. e. _dispose, incline to_

shrape (A.S.) 84, _to scrape_

shryve (A.S.) 441, _to shrive, make confession_. _pret. s._ shrof, 45, 198. _part. pas._ y-shryve, 82, shryven, 273

shrift (A.S.) _confession_

shroudes (A.S.) _clothes_

sib, sibbe (A.S.) _relation, companion_. Gossip is God-sib, _companion or fellow in God_, and was originally applied to the attendants at a christening

sidder (A.S.) 88, _wider_

sike (A.S.) 355, _sick_

siken (A.S.) _to sigh_. _pret. s._ siked, 293, sikede, 385

siker, syker (A.S.) _sure, secure_. sikerer, 237, _more secure, more sure_

syn (A.S.) 444, _since_

syngen, synge (A.S.) 408, _to sing_. _pret. s._ songe, I song, 408. _pl._ songen, 369, 388, 405

sinken (A.S.) _to sink_. _pret. s._ sank, 373. _pl._ sonken, 278

sisour (A.N.) 31, 32, 38, 51, 75, 434, _a person deputed to hold assizes_. _See_ Ducange in v. _assisarii_

sith (A.S.) _since_. sithen, _since, afterwards_. sithenes, 121, _afterwards_. siththe (_adv._) _since afterwards_

sithe (A.S.) 102, _time_

sitten, sitte (A.S.) _to sit_. _pret. s._ thow sete, 386. I seet, 437. sat, _pl._ seten, 109

skile (A.S.) 202, 240, 290, 359, 367, 412, _reason, argument_

+slaughte ( ) 456 (?)

sleighte (A.S.) 379, 401, _a trick, slight_

sleen (A.S.) _to slay_. _pres._ sleeth. 364, 421. _pret. s._ slow, 434

slepen (A.S.) _to sleep_. _pret. s._ sleep, 99, 100, I slepte, 247. _pl._ slepe, 277

slepying (A.S.) _asleep_

sleple (A.S.) 155, _to sleep gently_

sleuthe (A.S.) _sloth, idleness_

sliken (A.S.) 34, _to make sleek, smooth_

slombren (A.S.) _to slumber_. _pret. s._ slombred, 1

smal (A.S.) _pl._ smale, _small_

smecen (A.S.) _to taste, smack_. _pret. pl._ smaughte, 98

smythyen (A.S.) 61, 62, _to do the work of a smith, to forge_

so (A.S.) _so, as_. so soone so, 352, _as soon as_

soden (A.S.) 312, _to boil_. _part. pas._ y-soden, 321

sodenes (A.N.) 303, _sub-deans_

softe (A.S.) 1, _warm_ (like the Fr. _doux_)

sokene (A.S.) 34, _a district held by tenure of socage_

solas (A.N.) _comfort, solace_

soleyn (A.N.) 240, _one left alone_

solne (A.N.) 102, _to sing by note_

som (A.S.) _pl._ somme, _some_

somone (A.N.) 37, sompne, 62, 209, 408, _to summon_

somonour (A.N.) 31, 51, 75, _a somner_, an officer employed to summon delinquents to appear in ecclesiastical courts, now called _an apparitor_

sonde (A.S.) _mission, sending_

sone (A.S.) _a son_

songewarie (A.N.) 147, 148, _the interpreting of dreams_

sonne (A.S.) _the sun_

sooth (A.S.) _truth_

soothnesse, sothnesse (A.S.) _truth_

sope (A.S.) 254, _a sop_

sope (A.S.) 273, _soap_

soper (A.N.) _supper_

sorwe (A.S.) _sorrow_

sorweful (A.S.) 353, _sorrowful_

soth (A.S.) _true_

sothe (A.S.) _truth_

sotile (A.N.) 184, 186, _to apply one's cunning or penetration_

sotil (A.N.) _pl._ sotile, 294, 297, 319, 372, _clever, cunning, subtile, difficult to conceive or understand_

sotte (A.N.) _a fool_

souke (A.N.) 209, _to suck_

souter (A.S.) 101, 201, _a shoemaker_. +soutere, 494

souteresse (A.S.) 96, _a female shoemaker_

southdene (A.N.) _a subdean_

sowen (A.S.) 274, _to sow_. _pret. s._ sew, 268, 412, _pl._ sewe, 317. _part. pas._ y-sowen, 416

spakliche (A.S.) 353, _hastily_ (?)

spede (A.S.) 353, _to haste, to speed_. _pret. s._ spedde, 353

speken, speke (A.S.) _to speak_. _pret. s._ spak

spelonke (LAT.) 311, _a cavern_

spences (A.N.) 285, _expense_

spillen (A.S.) (trans.) _to mix, spill, spoil, waste_, 414 (_intransitive_) _to perish_, 303. _part. pas._ y-spilt

spire (A.S.) 348, _to look closely into, to inquire_

spores (A.S.) 370, _spurs_

spring (A.S.) 79, _a sprig, rod_

springen (A.S.) _to spring_. _pret. s._ sprong, 277, spronge, 404

stablisse (A.N.) 22, _to establish_

+stappyng (A.S.) 489, _stepping_

stede (A.S.) _pl._ stedes, _a place_

steere (A.S.) 153, _the helm of a ship_

steyen (A.S.) _to arise, mount_. +_pret. s._ steigh, 498, _arose_

stekie (A.S.) 22, _to stick fast_

stele (A.S.), 412, _a handle_

stelen (A.S.) _to steal_. _pret. s._ stale, 268. _pl._ stolen, 405

sterre, _pl._ sterne, 310 (A.S.) _a star_

+styghtle (A.S.) 469, _to establish, confirm_. Explained in the glossary appended to the old edition by _to stay_

+stylle (A.S.) 473, _quietly, with a low voice_

+y-stongen (A.S.) 483, _stabbed, pierced_

stinken (A.S.) _to stink_. _pret. s._ stank, 328. +styncand, 489, _stinking_

stynten (A.S.) 22, 186, _to stop_

stonden, stonde, stande, 354 (A.S.) _to stand_. he stondeth, it stant, 325, he stant, 372, thei stonden. _pret. s._ stood, 204, 247

stoon (A.S.) 328, _a stone_

stotte (A.S.) 411, _an ox of three years old_

stounde (A.S.) 155, _a short space of time_

stoupe (A.S.) 204, _to bend, stoop_. Chaucer, in the first line of the Nonne Preestes Tale, speaks of,--"A pore wydow somdel _stoupe_ in age."

+straken (A.S.) 456, _to proceed directly_

+stre (A.S.) 496, _straw_

streyte (A.S.) _straitly, narrowly_

streyves (A.N.) 6, _estreys, beasts which have strayed_, a law-term

striken (A.S.) _to strike_. _pret. s._ strook

struyen (A.N.) 328, _to destroy_. _pret._ struyede

stuwe (A.N.) 121, _a house of ill fame, a stew_. +stues, 488, _stews, brothels_

+sueres (A.S.) 459, _followers_

suffren (A.N.) _to suffer_

sulen (A.N.) _to soil_. +_part. pas._ y-suled, 495, _soiled_

suren (A.N.) _to assure_

surgenrie (A.N.) 336, _surgery_

surquidous (A.N.) 416, _overbearing, arrogant, conceited_

suster (A.S.) _pl._ sustren, _a sister_

suwen, sewe (A.S.) 203, 454 _to follow_. _pret. s. and pl._ suwed, 353, suwede, 380. _part. p._ suwed, 110, sued, 155

swelte (A.S.) 86, _to die, to perish_. _pret. s._ swelted, 431

swerd (A.S.) _a sword_

sweren, swerye, 275 (A.S.) _to swear_. _pret. s._ swoor, 434, swor, 269. _part. pas._ sworen, 328, swore

swetter (A.S.) _sweeter_

swevene (A.S.) _a dream_

sweyen (A.S.) _to sound_. _pret. s._ sweyed, 1

swich (A.S.) 385, _pl._ swiche, _such_

swynken (A.S.) _to labour_. _pret. pl._ swonken, 2.

swynk (A.S.) _labour, work_

swithe (A.S.) _very, immediately, quickly_

swowe (A.S.) 86, _to faint, to swoon_

T.

tabard (A.N.) 88, _a short coat or mantle_. "Tabbard, _collobium_." Promp. Parv. One of the stage directions in the Coventry Mysteries (p. 244) is:--

Here xal Annas shewyn hymself in his stage, be seyn after a busshop of
the hoold lawe, in a skarlet gowne, and over that _a blew tabbard_
furryd with whyte.

tacches (A.N.) 168, _stains, blemishes_

taillé (A.N.) 68, _a tally, notched stick; an account scored on a piece of wood_. _See_ note

tailen (A.N.) _to keep an account by notches on a stick, to give a tally for a thing_. _part. a._ tailende, 156. _part. pas._ y-tailed, 102

taken (A.S.) _to take_. _pres. s._ took, _pl._ token, toke, 398. _part. pas._ taken

taken, take (A.S.) _to give_. _pret. s._ took, 328, _pl._ toke, token, 383

tale (A.S.) _an account, reckoning_

tale-wis (A.S.) 51, _wise in tales_

tasele (A.S.) 322, _a teasel_. The burs of this plant are used in the manufacture of cloth

tasten (A.N.) 266, 374, _to feel_. _pret. s._ tastede, 357

techen (A.S.) _to teach_. _pret. s._ taughte, 19, taghte, 135. _part. pas._ taught, 186, y-taught, 436

tellen, telle (A.S.) _to count, tell_, 405. _pret. s._ tolde. _pl._ tolden

teme, teeme (A.S.) 118, 125, 138, 411, 412, _a team of horses_

teme (A.N.) 48, 80, 147, 209, _a theme_

tenten (A.N.) _to offer, present, to hold out, stretch forth_. _pret. pl._ tendeden, 383

tenen, tene (A.S.) 256, 320, _to injure_. _pret. s._ tened, 432

tene (A.S.) 124, 125, 145, 209, 335, _anger, hurt_

teneful (A.S.) _injurious_

termes (A.N.) 242, _terms, times for their work_

teynten (A.N.) _to die, tint_. _part. past_, y-teynted, 322

y-termyned (A.N.) 20, _judged, determined_

thanne (A.S.) _then_

thecche (A.S.) 410, _to thatch_

theen (A.S.) _to thrive, be prosperous_. so thee ik! 90, _as I may prosper!_

thef, theef (A.S.) _pl._ theves, 239, 353, 373, _a thief_. thefliche, 389, _thievishly_

theigh (A.S.) _though_

thenke, thynke (A.S.) 211, 228, _to think_. _pres. s._ he thenketh, 407

ther (A.S.) _there, where_. therafter, 90, _in proportion to it_. thermyd, _herewith_

thesternesse (A.S.) 340, _darkness_

thynke (A.S.) 384, _to seem_. _pres. sing._ I thynke, me thynketh (_it seems to me_). _pret. s._ thoghte, 1, 205, thoughte, 404

thirlen (A.S.) _to pierce, bore through_

thise (A.S.) _these_

tho (A.S.) _those, the_

tho (A.S.) _then, when_

tholien (A.S.) 70, thole, 392, _to bear, support, suffer_. _pret. s._ tholede, 251, 384, tholed, 377. _pl._ tholed, 373

thonkyng (A.S.) _thanking, thanks_

thorugh (A.S.) _through_

thow (A.S.) The second personal pronoun is in interrogative clauses generally combined with its verb, as sestow, _seest thou_; slepestow, _sleepest thou_, &c.

thral (A.S.) _pl._ thralles, 398, _a bond-man_

threve (A.S.) 333, _a bundle_

thridde (A.S.) 413, _third_

thringen (A.S.) _to crowd, to throng, to press forward_. _pret. pl._ thrungen, 108

tyd, tid (A.S.) 265, 334, _quickly, promptly, readily_

tidy (A.S.) 422, _clever, ready, neat_

tyen (A.S.) _to tie_

+y-tight, 461, _furnished, provided_

tikes (A.S.) 398, _low people_; literally, _dogs_. The word is still used in Yorkshire

til (A.S.) 305, _to_

tilien, tilie, tilye (A.S.) 131, 138, 375, 410, _to till the earth_. +_part. pas._ tylde, 461

tilthe (A.S.) 421, _tilth, the result or produce of tilling or ploughing_

tymbre (A.S.) 223, _to build_. _pret._ tymbred, 48

+tymen (A.S.) 494, _to compel_ (?) It appears to be the same word which occurs in the alliterative poem on the Deposition of Richard II, p. 17:--

Thus lafte they the leder
That hem wrong ladde,
And _tymed_ no twynte,
But tolled her cornes,
And gaderid the grotus
With gyle, as I trowe.

tynen, tyne (A.S.) 416, _to lose_. _part. pas._ tynt, 377

titeleris (A.S. ?) 442, _tattlers_

tithe (A.S.) _tenth, tithe_

tixte (A.N.) 348, _text_

to (A.S.) _too_

to-, prefixed in composition to verbs of Anglo-Saxon origin, has the same force as the German _zu-_, giving to the word the idea of destruction or deterioration:--

to-bollen (A.S.) 82, _to overswell_

to-breken (A.S.) 156, _to break to pieces, break down_. _part. pas._ to-broke, 139

to-cleve (A.S.) 236, _to cleave in pieces, cut open_

to-drawen (A.S.) _to draw to pieces_, or _to destruction_. _pret._ to-drowe, 175

to-luggen (A.S.) 41, _to lug about, tear_

to-rende (A.S.) 180, _to be torn or burst to pieces_

to-shullen (A.S.) _to cut off, destroy_. _part. pas._ to-shullen, 359

toft (A.S.) _an open exposed place, a hill_

to-fore (A.S.) _before_. to-forn 235, _before_

to-gidere, to-gidres, to-gideres (A.S.) _together_

+toylyng (A.S.) 495, _tugging_

tollen (A.S.) 89, _to measure out, count_

tollers (A.S.) _toll-gatherers_

tome (A.S.) 39, _leisure, time_. This form of the word seems to have been in use in the fourteenth century. It occurs at the commencement of the Seven Sages:--

I sal yow tel, if I have _tome_,
Of the seven ages of Rome.

Its occurrence in Piers Ploughman shows that Weber was not right in supposing it a mere alteration of the word _time_ for the sake of rhyme. See also Sir F. Madden's Glossary to Gawayne

tonder (A.S.) 362, _tinder_

+too (A.S.) _pl._ ton, 476, 489, _a toe_

torne (A.N.) 428, _to turn_. _pret. s._ tornede, 321, torned, 265, _turned_

torne, 325, turne, 324 (A.S.) _to turn_ (intransitive)

toten (A.S.) 331, 459, 461, _to look, observe, to peep_. _pret. s._ toted, 471. _pl._ toteden, 476. _part. past_, y-toted, 464

touken (A.S.) _to dye_. _part. pas._ y-touked, 322

toune, 315, _a tun_. Perhaps it should be printed _tonne_.

tour (A.N.) _a tower_

travaille (A.N.) _to labour_

traversen (A.N.) 245, _to transgress_

treden (A.S.) _to tread_. _pret. pl._ troden, 223. +_pret. s._ tredede, 476, _trod_

tree, 330 (A.S.) _pl._ trowes, 300, _a tree_

tresor (A.N.) _a treasure_

triacle, tryacle (A.N.) _a remedy, a cure_

tricherie (A.N.) _treachery, cunning, trickery_

trie (A.N.) 305, 330, _choice, select_. trieste, 23, _most choice_, trieliche, _choicely_

+tryfler (A.S.) 479, _a trifler, a deceiver, a good-for-nothing_

+troiflardes (A.S.) 494, _triflers, idlers_

trollen (A.S.) 387, _to draw, to drag_

tronen (A.N.) _to throne_

trowe (A.S.) 358, _to believe, think, suppose_. trowestow, 237, _thinkest thou_

trufle (A.S.) 236, 378, trefle, 471, _a silly tale, trifle, good-for-nothing thing_ or _person_

trumpen (A.N.) _to sound a trumpet_. _pret. s._ trumpede, 395

tulien (A.S.) _to labour, to till_. _pret. pl._ tulieden, 277. _part. act._ tulying, 277

tweye (A.S.) _two_

twies (A.S.) _twice_

+twynnen (A.S.) 480, _to couple together_

U.

umwhile (A.S.) 97, _once, on a time_

unbuxome (A.S.) _disobedient, inobedient_

underfongen (A.S.) 301, _to undertake, accept, receive_. _pret. s._ underfonged, 209

undernymen (A.S.) 214, _to undertake, take possession of_. _pres. s._ undernymeth, 84. _part. past_, under-nome, 263, 428

under-pight (A.S.) 331, _propped up_

unhardy (A.N.) 254, 354, _not bold_

un-hiled (A.S.) 367, _uncovered, unroofed_

unjoynen (A.N.) 384, _to disjoin, separate_

unkynde (A.S.) _unnatural_

unkouthe (A.S.) 148, _unknown, strange, foreign_

unlosen (A.S.) 356, _to unloose_

unlouken (A.S.) 380, 384, 385, 388, _to unlock_

unnethe (A.S.) _scarcely_

unpynne (A.S.) 385, _to unbolt_

unsperen (A.S.) 374, 385, _to open, undo, unbolt_

+un-teyned (A.S.) 481, _unfastened (?)_

unthende (A.S.) 87, _unserved, without sauce_

untidy (A.S.) 432, _slovenly, not clever_

until (A.S.) _to_

unwittily (A.S.) 49, _unwisely, unreasonably_

up (A.S.) _upon_. up so doun, 428, _upside down_

usen (A.S.) _to use_