Chapter XVI: Part 16

=B. sphæros´porus= Pk.—globose-spored. (Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. XII.) =Pileus= at first hemispherical, then convex, glabrous, viscid, creamy-yellow, becoming reddish-brown or chestnut color with age. =Flesh= pale yellowish-brown. =Tubes= adnate or slightly decurrent, large, angular, pale-yellow, becoming brown, sometimes tinged with green. =Stem= stout, equal, even or slightly reticulated at the top, the _membranous annulus persistent_, sometimes partly adhering to the margin of the pileus. =Spores= _globose or broadly elliptical_, 8–9µ long.

=Pileus= 3–8 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 6–12 lines thick.

Low ravines and sandy places. Wisconsin, _Trelease_; Iowa, _McBride_.

The spores easily serve to distinguish this species from its allies. The European B. sphærocephalus has ovoid spores, but its tube mouths are minute and rotund and its stem is densely squamose. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. lu´teus= L.—yellow. =Pileus= gibbous or convex, covered with a brownish separating gluten, becoming yellowish-brown and virgate-spotted. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= adnate, minute, simple, yellow, becoming darker with age. =Stem= _stout_, yellowish and _dotted above_ the large membranous brownish-white annulus, brownish-white or yellowish below. =Spores= fusiform, yellowish-brown, 6–7×3–4µ.

=Pileus= 2–5 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 6–10 lines thick.

Pine woods and groves. New York, _Peck_.

B. luteus has an international reputation for edibility. I have found it at Waretown and Haddonfield, N.J.; in Bartram’s Garden, West Philadelphia, always under pines. At Waretown it was gregarious. Pine needles, sand, anything through which it grows, adheres to the glutinous cap. It must be carefully cleaned before cooking. It is then of choice consistency and good flavor.

(Plate CXV_a_.)

=B. sublu´teus= Pk.—luteus, yellow. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, viscid or glutinous when moist, often obscurely virgate-spotted, dingy-yellowish, inclining to rusty-brown. =Flesh= whitish, varying to dull-yellowish. =Tubes= plane or convex, adnate, small, subrotund, yellow becoming ochraceous. =Stem= equal, _slender_, pallid or yellowish, _dotted both above and below_ the ring with reddish or brownish glandules; ring submembranous, _glutinous_, at first concealing the tubes, then generally collapsing and forming a narrow whitish or brownish band around the stem. =Spores= subfusiform, ochraceo-ferruginous, 8–10×4–5µ. =Pileus= 1.5–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–2.5 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.

Sandy soil in pine woods. New York, _Peck_, _Clinton_; New England, _Frost_.

The species is closely related to B. luteus, from which it differs in its smaller size, more slender stem and glutinous collapsing veil. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Found at Waretown, N.J., 1887, under pines and in same locality as B. luteus, for which it can be readily mistaken. It is usually covered with adherent sand or pine needles. Its flesh is tender with a pleasant glutinosity. Flavor good.

=B. fla´vidus= Fr.—light yellowish. =Pileus= thin, gibbous, then plane, viscose, livid, yellowish. =Flesh= pallid. =Tubes= decurrent, with _large angular compound mouths_, dirty yellowish. =Stem= _slender_, subequal, pallid, sprinkled with _fugacious glandules above the entirely viscose ring_. =Spores= oblong-ellipsoid, straight, subhyaline, 8–10×3–4µ.

=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 2–3 lines thick.

Pine woods and swamps. Pennsylvania, _Schweinitz_; North Carolina, _Curtis_; New England, _Frost_; California, _H. and M._; Rhode Island, _Bennett_.

Fries says that this species is more slender than its allies, and differs from them all in its merely glutinous veil. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Dr. Curtis, of North Carolina, places it among edible species.

Many specimens were found by the writer near Waretown and Haddonfield, N.J., and a few at Mt. Gretna, Pa. The stems are thin and slightly spreading at the top. They are hard. The caps are excellent.

=B. America´nus= Pk. =Pileus= thin, convex or nearly plane, sometimes umbonate, soft, very viscid or glutinous when moist, _slightly tomentose on the margin when young_, soon glabrous or the margin sometimes remaining scaly, rarely scale-spotted from the drying of the gluten, yellow, becoming dingy or less bright with age, sometimes vaguely dotted or streaked with bright red. =Flesh= pale-yellow, less clear or pinkish-gray on exposure to the air. =Tubes= plane or convex, adnate, _rather large_, angular, pale-yellow, becoming sordid-ochraceous. =Stem= _slender_, equal or slightly tapering upward, firm, _not at all annulate_, yellow, often pallid or brownish toward the base, marked with _numerous brown or reddish-brown persistent glandular dots_, yellow within. =Spores= oblong or subfusiform, ochraceo-ferruginous, 9–11×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–2.5 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.

Woods, swamps and open places, especially under or near pine trees. New York, _Peck_, _Clinton_; Minnesota, _Arthur_.

A slight subacid odor is sometimes perceptible in our plant. It sometimes grows on much decayed wood. Its mycelium is white. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

The caps, only, are good.

=B. subau´reus= Pk.—_sub_ and _aureus_, golden. (Plate CXIV, fig. 2, p. 414.) =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, viscose, pale-yellow, sometimes adorned with darker spots, the young margin slightly grayish-tomentose. =Flesh= pale-yellow. =Tubes= _small or medium_; somewhat angular, adnate or subdecurrent, pale-yellow becoming dingy-ochraceous. =Stem= equal, _stout_, glandular-dotted, yellow _without and within_. =Spores= oblong or subfusiform, ochraceo-ferruginous, 8–10×4µ.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–2.5 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Thin woods and open places. New York, _Peck_; North Carolina, _C.J. Curtis_; Massachusetts, Mississippi, _G. Survey_ (Rep. 51).

This plant might almost be considered a stout variety of the preceding, but in addition to its thicker pileus and stouter stem, it has smaller tubes of a clearer yellow color, and the exuding drops are yellow, not whitish, as in that species. In habit it appears more like B. granulatus, from which it is distinct in color. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

From early October, through heavy frosts and until long after November snows I found this species at Mt. Gretna, Pa., in 1897–1898. Specimens were sent to Professor Peck and identified as this species. It grew in grass on borders of woods, or gravelly ground, sometimes among pine needles. Large troops of it were frequent, and tufts containing many individuals were common.

I regard B. subaureus as among the most valuable of our food species. Its plentifulness, lateness, excellent quality will commend it to all Mycophagists. It can be cooked in any way. The tubes need not be removed.

FIG. PAGE. FIG. PAGE.
1. BOLETUS GRACILIS, 467 3. BOLETUS CASTANEUS, 472
2. BOLETUS SUBAUREUS, 414

=B. hirtel´lus= Pk.—slightly hairy. =Pileus= broadly convex, soft, viscose, golden-yellow, adorned with _small tufts of hairs or fibrils_. =Flesh= pale-yellow. =Tubes= adnate, medium size, angular, becoming dingy-ochraceous. =Stem= subcespitose, equal, stout, glandular dotted, yellow. =Spores= pale, _ochraceous-brown_, 9–10×4µ.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Sandy soil under pine trees. New York, _Peck_.

This species is very rare and was formerly confused with the preceding from which it is separated by the hairy adornment of the pileus and the darker, more brown color of the spores. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. punc´tipes= Pk.—_punctum_, a dot; _pes_, a foot. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glutinous when moist, yellow, the thin margin at first minutely grayish-pulverulent, becoming recurved with age. =Tubes= short, nearly plane, adnate, small, subrotund, _at first brownish_, then sordid-ochraceous. =Stem= rather long, _tapering upward_, grandular-dotted, _rhubarb-yellow_. =Spores= 9–10×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick. Mixed woods. New York, _Peck_.

The rhubarb-colored stem and the brownish color of the young hymenium are the distinguishing features of this species. The glandules occur also on the tubes. The species is rare. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Not seen by Professor Peck since its discovery in 1878.

Spores when first dropped are olive-green on white paper, but the green hue soon changes to brownish-ochraceous. _Peck_, 44th Rep. N. Y. State Bot.

Ontario, _Prof. Dearness_ (_Lloyd_, R. 4).

=B. al´bus= Pk.—white. =Pileus= convex, viscid when moist, _white_. =Flesh= white or yellowish. =Tubes= plane, small or medium, subrotund, adnate, whitish, becoming yellow or ochraceous. =Stem= equal or slightly tapering downward, both it and the tubes glandular-dotted, _white_, sometimes tinged with pink toward the base. =Spores= ochraceous, subfusiform, 8–9×4µ.

=Pileus= 1.5–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Woods, especially of pine or hemlock. New York, _Peck_; New England, _Frost_.

This species is easily known by its white pileus, but its color is lost in drying. Sometimes the fresh plant emits a peculiar fetid odor. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. granula´tus=—_granula_, a granule. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, very viscid or glutinous and _rusty-brown_ when moist, _yellowish_ when dry. =Flesh= pale-yellowish. =Tubes= short, adnate, yellowish, their mouths simple, granulated. =Stem= dotted with glandules above, pale-yellowish. =Spores= spindle-shaped, yellowish-orange, 7.5–10×2–3µ.

=Pileus= 1.5–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Woods, especially of pine and in open places under or near pine trees. Very common.

The plant is generally gregarious and sometimes grows in circles, whence the name B. circinans Pers. Occasionally it is cespitose. The pileus is very variable in color—pinkish-gray, reddish-brown, yellowish-gray, tawny-ferruginous or brownish—and is sometimes obscurely spotted by the drying gluten. The flesh is rather thick and often almost white, except near the tubes, where it is tinged with yellow. The tubes are small, at first almost white or very pale-yellow, but they become dingy-ochraceous with age. The stem is generally short, stout and firm, whitish-pallid or yellowish, and often dotted to the base, though the glandules are more numerous and distinct on the upper part. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

B. granulatus is of frequent and general occurrence. I have found it in the pine woods of New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and in West Virginia and Pennsylvania in mixed woods.

It is a late-growing species, appearing in September and continuing until frost.

All authors, with one exception (Gillet), give the species as edible. From frequent and copious testings, the writer vouches for its edibility and excellence. It bears favorable comparison with any of the late Boleti.

=B. bre´vipes= Pk.—_brevis_, short; _pes_, foot. =Pileus= thick, convex, covered with a _thick, tough gluten_ when young or moist, _dark chestnut color_, sometimes fading to dingy-tawny, the margin inflexed. =Flesh= white or tinged with yellow. =Tubes= short, nearly plane, adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, small, subrotund, at first whitish becoming dingy-ochraceous. =Stem= whitish, _not dotted or rarely with a few very minute inconspicuous dots at the apex, very short_. =Spores= subfusiform, 7.5×3µ.

=Pileus= 1.5–2.5 in. broad. =Stem= .5–1 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Sandy soil in pine groves and woods. New England, _Frost;_ New York, _Peck_.

The species is closely related to B. granulatus, from which it differs especially in its darker colored pileus, more copious gluten, shorter stem and the almost entire absence of granules from the tube mouths and stem. In the rare instances in which these are present they are extremely minute and inconspicuous. The plant occurs very late in the season and the pileus appears as if enveloped in slime and resting stemless on the ground. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Specimens found in pine woods of New Jersey, identified by Professor Peck. Lambertville, N.J., _C.S. Ridgway_; Haddonfield, N.J., _T.J. Collins_; Pleasantville, _Isaac F. Shaner_.

B. brevipes is a disreputable, dirty, tramp-looking fungus, from which the collector would expect no good. Nevertheless, when it has had a good scrubbing it becomes respectable and is sweet, tender, good eating. When other species abound, it does not pay for the cleansing.

=B. collini´tus= Fr.—_collino_, to besmear. =Pileus= convex, even, _becoming pale when the brown gluten separates_. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= adnate, elongated, naked, _the mouths two-parted_, pallid, becoming yellow. =Stem= firm, often tapering downward, _somewhat reticulate with appressed squamules_, white, becoming brown.

Woods of pine or fir. North Carolina, _Curtis_; New England, _Frost_.

I have seen no specimens of this apparently rare species. It is said to be solitary in its mode of growth and to resemble B. luteus in size and color, but to be distinct from it by its ringless, dotless stem. Dr. Curtis records it as edible. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

I found three specimens at Haddonfield, N.J., October, 1897, under scrub pines. Cap 2½ in. across, convex, gibbous; stem equal, 2½ in. long, ½ in. in diameter, slightly tapering at base. The two-parted mouths to the tubes were very distinct. The stems were tough, but the caps, washed and fried, were good.

=B. di´chrous= Ellis. =Pileus= convex, viscose, _dull red_. =Flesh= soft, dull, yellowish-white, _changing to greenish-blue_ where wounded, finally yellow. =Tubes= subdepressed around the stem, large, unequal, straw-colored, changing color like the flesh where wounded. =Stem= thickened below, solid, covered with a _red scaly coat_, except at the yellow apex, yellow within. =Spores= elliptical, slightly bent at one end, 2µ long.

=Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 3 in. long, 6 lines thick.

Dry soil in oak and pine woods. New Jersey. _Ellis._

I have seen no specimens of this species. From the description, its affinities appear to be with B. bicolor, but it is placed here because of its viscose pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. ba´dius= Fr.—bay-brown. =Pileus= convex, even, soft, viscose or glutinous, shining when dry, _tawny-chestnut_. =Flesh= whitish, tinged with yellow, bluish next the tubes. =Tubes= large, angular, long, adnate or sinuate-depressed, whitish-yellow, becoming tinged with green. =Stem= subequal, even, solid, paler, _brown-pruinate_. =Spores= fusoid-oblong.

=Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Woods, especially of pine. New York, _Peck_; Minnesota, _Johnson_; Wisconsin, _Bundy_; Nova Scotia, _Somers_.

In the American plant the spores are 10–12×4–5µ.

Cordier classes it among the edible species. _Peck_, Boleti of the United States.

=B. mi´tis= Krombh.—mild. =Pileus= convex, then plane or depressed, firm, viscid, yellowish-flesh color, reddish-rust color when dry. =Flesh= pale, grayish-yellow. =Tubes= _short, olivaceous or golden-yellow_, their mouths compound, angular, unequal. =Stem= firm, short, even, narrowed toward the base, colored like the pileus. =Spores= 12–14×4µ.

=Pileus= 2–2.5 in. broad. =Stem= 2–2.5 in. long.

Mixed woods. New England, _Frost_.

This species is unknown to me and is recorded by Mr. Frost only. _Peck_, Boleti of the United States.

=B. uni´color= Frost MS. =Pileus= broadly convex or nearly plane, viscid when moist, even, sometimes streaked as if with minute innate brown fibrils, _pale-yellow_. =Flesh= _pale-yellow_. =Tubes= adnate or slightly decurrent, rather short, compound, _lemon-yellow_, becoming darker with age. =Stem= _even_, equal or narrowed toward the base, colored like the pileus. =Spores= reddish-yellow, 9–11×4µ.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Pine woods and open sedgy places. New England, _Frost_.

Specimens not seen. The species seems too near B. bovinus, of which it may possibly be a variety, but its yellow flesh and the colors ascribed to the tubes and spores require its separation. Rev. C.J. Curtis sends notes of a species found by him in North Carolina, which agree with this in its characters so far as noted. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. ignora´tus= Pk. =Pileus= convex, viscid, bright lemon-color, marked with wrinkled lines of orange color, which are distributed over the pileus, giving it a streaked appearance. =Flesh= white, solid, does not change color when cut or broken; taste slightly acid. =Pores= lemon-color, moderately large, free, connected with the stem by web-like filaments. =Stem= larger at the apex, somewhat tapering toward the base, yellow, smooth, solid. =Spores= 4.5×11µ.

This closely approaches Boletus unicolor Fr., from which it scarcely differs except in its white flesh and free tubes. Fungi of Maryland, _Mary E. Banning_. _Peck_, 44th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

=B. bovi´nus=—_bos_, an ox. =Pileus= nearly plane, glabrous, viscid, pale yellow. =Flesh= _white_. =Tubes= very short, subdecurrent, their mouths compound, pale yellow or grayish, becoming rust-colored. =Stem= equal, even, colored like the pileus. =Spores= fusiform, dingy greenish-ocher, 7.5–10×3–4µ.

=Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–2 in. long, sometimes cespitose.

Pine woods. North Carolina, _Schweinitz_, _Curtis_; Pennsylvania, _Schweinitz_; New England, _Frost_, _Palmer_, _Bennett_, _Sprague_, _Farlow_; California, _H. and M._

The shallow tubes, 2–3 lines long, are said to resemble the pores of Merulius lacrymans. The species is recorded edible by Curtis, Gillet and Palmer. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

West Virginia mountains under hemlocks, 1882–1885, and near Haddonfield, N.J., under pines. _McIlvaine_, 1892. Gregarious and in clusters. The pore surface was in some specimens broadly wrinkled.

Smell and taste pleasant. Cooked, the quality is of the best in Boleti.

=B. rubinel´lus= Pk.—dim. of _ruber_, red. =Pileus= broadly conical or convex, viscid when moist, subtomentose or slightly pubescent when dry, _red fading to yellow on the margin_. =Flesh= whitish or yellowish, taste _mild_. =Tubes= adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, dingy-reddish, becoming subferruginous. =Stem= equal, slender, even, colored like the tubes, _yellow within_, sometimes yellow at the base. =Spores= oblong-fusiform, ferruginous-brown, 12.5–15×4µ.

=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 1–3 lines thick.

Mixed woods or under or near coniferous trees in open places. New York, _Peck_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. pipera´tus= Bull.—_piper_, pepper. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous, _slightly viscid_ when moist, _yellowish, cinnamon or subferruginous_. =Flesh= white or yellowish, taste _acrid, peppery_. =Tubes= rather long and large, angular, often unequal, plane or convex, adnate or subdecurrent, _reddish-rust color_. =Stem= slender, subequal, tawny-yellow, bright yellow at the base. =Spores= subfusiform, ferruginous-brown, 9–11×4µ.

=Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–3 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.

Woods and open places. Common and variable.

This species may easily be recognized by its peppery flavor. The pileus sometimes appears as if slightly tomentose, and both this and the preceding species recede from the character of the tribe by the slight viscidity of the pileus. This is sometimes cracked into areas and sometimes the margin is very obtuse by the elongation of the tubes. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Haddonfield, N.J., 1892. _McIlvaine._

This fungus is reckoned poisonous by Stevenson. Massee gives its taste as very hot. The taste of the American plant is peppery but not offensively so. This pepperiness it loses in cooking. It has been eaten by the writer and his friends with enjoyment and without any discomfort.

FIG. PAGE. FIG. PAGE. 1. BOLETUS ECCENTRICUS, 470 4. BOLETUS SUBSANGUINEUS, 420 2. BOLETUS BADICEPS, 436 5. BOLETUS CRASSIPES, 452 3. BOLETUS FULVUS, 465

=B. subsanguin´eus= Pk.—_sub_ and _sanguineus_, bloody. (Plate CXVI, fig. 4, p. 420.) =Pileus= convex or slightly depressed in the center, glabrous, viscid, bright-red or scarlet. =Flesh= thick, firm but flexible, white, slowly changing to a pale brownish-lilac on exposure to the air, taste slightly bitter. =Tubes= very short, 2–4 mm. long, adnate, but often separating from the stem with the expansion of the pileus, reddish, the mouths minute, stuffed at first, pinkish, then brownish-yellow, changing to a light-brown where wounded. =Stem= short, thick, uneven, often tapering downward, streaked with red, pale-yellow at the top, white at the base, marked at the top by the decurrent walls of the tubes.

=Pileus= 2.5–10 cm. broad. =Stem= 2.5–5 cm. long, 2–4 cm. thick.

Solitary, gregarious or cespitose. Under beech trees. West Philadelphia, Pa. August. _C. McIlvaine._

This is a very showy species, easily recognized by its bright-red viscid pileus and its short, thick and uneven or somewhat lacunose stem. It is closely related to the European B. sanguineus With., from which it is separated by its minute tubes, its uneven stem and the brownish hues assumed where wounded.

The spore characters of this and the four succeeding species are unknown, but the other characters are quite distinctive and apparently sufficient for the recognition of the species. The descriptions have been derived from colored figures and other data furnished by Mr. McIlvaine, who says all are edible. _Peck_, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, No. 27.

When slowly stewed for thirty minutes, there is no better Boletus.

PULVERULENTI.

=Pileus= clothed with a yellow dust or a yellow powdery down. =Stem= more or less yellow powdered, neither bulbous nor distinctly reticulated.

The species which constitute this tribe are easily distinguished from all others by the sulphur-colored pulverulence which coats the pileus and stem like a universal veil. They appear thus far to be peculiar to this country. Though strongly resembling each other in the tribal character they are very diverse in other respects. One species, by its viscidity, connects with the preceding tribe; another by its differently colored tube mouths is related to the Luridi; and the third is peculiar in its ligneous habitat.

Plant growing on the ground 1
Plant growing on wood B. hemichrysus
1. Tubes adnate, of one color B. Ravenelii
1. Tubes free, with red mouths B. auriflammeus
_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S., p. 103.

=B. hemichry´sus= B. and C.—half-golden. =Pileus= convex, at length plane or irregularly depressed, floccose-squamulose, covered with a yellow powder, sometimes cracked, bright golden-yellow. =Flesh= thick, _yellow_. =Tubes= adnate or decurrent, yellow, becoming reddish-brown, the mouths large, angular. =Stem= _short, irregular, narrowed below_, sprinkled with a yellow dust, yellowish tinged with red; mycelium yellow. =Spores= oblong, minute, dingy-ochraceous.

Var. _muta´bilis_. =Flesh= slightly changing to blue where wounded. =Stem= reddish, yellow within, sometimes eccentric. =Spores= oblong-elliptical, 7.5–9×3–4µ.

=Pileus= 1.5–2.5 in. broad. =Stem= about 1 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Roots of pine, _Pinus palustris_. The variety on stumps of _Pinus strobus_.

South Carolina, _Ravenel_; North Carolina, _Curtis_; New York, _Peck_.

The species is remarkable for its habitat, which is lignicolous. The New York variety grew on a stump of white pine. By its eccentric stem it connects this genus with Boletinus, through Boletinus porosus. According to the authors of this species it resembles Boletus variegatus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. Ravenel´ii= B. and C.—after Ravenel. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, _slightly viscid when young or moist_, covered with a sulphur-yellow powdery down, becoming naked and dull-red on the disk. =Flesh= whitish. =Tubes= at first plane, _adnate_, pale-yellow, becoming yellowish-brown or umber, dingy-greenish where bruised, the mouths large or medium size, subrotund. =Stem= nearly equal, clothed and colored like the young pileus, yellow within, with a slight evanescent webby or tomentose ring. =Spores= ochraceous-brown, 10–12×5–6µ.

=Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1.5–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Woods and copses. South Carolina, _Ravenel_; North Carolina, _Curtis_; New York, _Peck_; New England, _Frost_.

This is a very distinct and very beautiful species. Mr. Ravenel remarks in his notes that “this plant is not infested by larvæ and preserves more constant characters than any other Boletus with which I am acquainted.” The webby powdered filaments constitute a universal veil which at first covers the whole plant and conceals the young tubes. As the pileus expands this generally disappears from the disk, and, separating between the margin and the stem, a part adheres to each. The flesh is sometimes stained with yellow. The tubes in some instances become convex and slightly depressed around the stem. They are almost white when young, and often exhibit brownish hues where wounded. The plant is sometimes cespitose. I have observed a greenish tint to the freshly shed spores, but it soon disappears. Boletus subchromeus Frost Ms. is this species. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. auriflam´meus= B. and C.—flaming yellow. =Pileus= convex, _dry_, powdered, bright golden-yellow. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= plane or convex, _free_, yellow, their broad angular _mouths scarlet_. =Stem= slightly tapering upward, powdered, colored like the pileus. =Spores= 10–12.5×5µ.

=Pileus= 8–12 lines broad. =Stem= 1–1.5 in. long.

Woods. North Carolina, _Curtis_; New York, _Peck_.

This is evidently a rare species and as beautiful as it is rare. The whole plant is bright-yellow except the tube mouths, and is sprinkled with yellow dust or minute yellow branny particles. In the New York specimen the scarlet color is wanting in the marginal tube mouths and the stem is marked with fine subreticulating elevated lines. In other respects it agrees well with the diagnosis of the species. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

SUBPRUINOSI—_sub_, _pruina_, hoar frost.

=Pileus= glabrous, but more often pruinose. =Tubes= adnate, yellowish. =Stem= equal, even, neither bulbous nor reticulated.

The species of this tribe have the pileus neither viscid nor distinctly and permanently tomentose. Typically it is glabrous or merely pruinose, but Fries has admitted into the group one species with a pulverulent, and one with a silky pileus. The species are not sharply distinguished from those of the following tribes, and possibly some have been admitted here which might as well have been placed there. Some of the species are variable in color and their characters are not sufficiently well known.

Tubes bright-yellow, golden or subochraceous 1

1. Tubes pale or whitish-yellow 6

1. Tubes changing to blue where wounded 2

1. Tubes not changing to blue 3

2. Stem pallid, with a circumscribing red B. glabellus
line at the top

2. Stem yellow, sometimes with red stains B.
miniato-olivaceus

2. Stem red, yellow at the top B. bicolor

3. Stem viscid or glutinous when moist B. auriporus

3. Stem not viscid 4

4. Plant growing on Scleroderma B. parasiticus

4. Plant terrestrial 5

5. Tubes greenish-yellow B. alutaceus

5. Tubes golden-yellow B. tenuiculus

6. Pileus reticulated with subcutaneous brown B. dictyocephalus
lines

6. Pileus not reticulated 7

7. Tubes changing to blue where wounded B. pallidus

7. Tubes not changing to blue 8

8. Stem uniformly colored B. subglabripes

8. Stem yellowish, streaked with brown B. innixus

_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. minia´to-oliva´ceus= Frost—olive-red. =Pileus= at first convex and firm, then nearly plane, soft and spongy, glabrous, vermilion, becoming olivaceous. =Flesh= pale-yellow, changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= bright lemon-yellow, adnate or subdecurrent. =Stem= glabrous, enlarged at the top, pale-yellow, brighter within, sometimes lurid at the base. =Spores= 12.5×6µ.

Var. _sensi´bilis_ (Boletus sensibilis Rep. 32, p. 33).

=Pileus= at first pruinose-tomentose, red, becoming glabrous and ochraceous-red with age. =Tubes= bright-yellow tinged with green, becoming sordid-yellow. =Stem= lemon-yellow with red or rhubarb stains at the base, contracted at the top when young, subcespitose. =Spores= 10–12.5×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 2–6 in. broad. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Woods and their borders. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_.

Though the sensitive Boletus differs considerably in some respects from the olive-red Boletus, it is probably only a variety, and as such I have subjoined it here. In it every part of the plant quickly changes to blue where wounded, and even the pressure of the fingers in handling the fresh specimens is sufficient to induce this change of color. I have not found the typical plant in New York, but specimens received from Mr. Frost are not, in the dry state, distinguishable from the variety. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Indiana, _H.I. Miller_; West Virginia. Haddonfield, N.J. Cheltenham, Pa., _McIlvaine_.

Years ago I marked it edible and excellent when young. My friends have eaten it, and continue to do so. Yet Professor Peck (48th Rep., p. 202) reports a case brought to his notice of an entire family being sickened by eating B. sensibilis. All recovered. It may, therefore, be one of those species which, while disagreeing with some persons, can be eaten by the majority. Clitocybe illudens, Lepiota Morgani and others of the Agaricaceæ are such species.

FIG. PAGE. FIG. PAGE.
1–2. BOLETUS BICOLOR, 425 4. BOLETUS PALLIDUS, 429
3. BOLETUS RUBROPUNCTUS, 429

=B. bi´color= Pk.—two-color. (Plate CXVII, figs. 1, 2, p. 424.) =Pileus= convex, glabrous or merely pruinose-tomentose, dark-red, firm, becoming soft, paler and sometimes spotted or stained with yellow when old. =Flesh= yellow, not at all or but slightly and slowly changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= nearly plane, adnate, bright-yellow, becoming ochraceous, slowly changing to blue where wounded, their mouths small, angular or subrotund. =Stem= subequal, firm, solid, _red, generally yellow at the top_. =Spores= pale, ochraceous-brown, 10–12.5×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 4–6 lines thick.

Woods and open places. New York, _Peck_; Wisconsin, _Bundy_.

The color of this plant is somewhat variable. In the typical form the pileus and stem are dark red, approaching Indian red, but when old the color of the pileus fades and is often intermingled with yellow. The surface sometimes cracks and becomes cracked in areas. From the European B. Barlæ this species is separated by its solid stem; from B. versicolor by its small tube mouths and its red stem. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Plentiful at Mt. Gretna, Pa., July, August, September, 1898, in mixed woods. Very variable in shape and color. Identified by Professor Peck from painting and description.

Fine eating, one of the very best.

=B. glabel´lus= Pk.—smooth. =Pileus= fleshy, thick, broadly convex or nearly plane, soft, dry, subglabrous, _smoky-buff_. =Flesh= _white_, both it and the tubes changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= nearly plane, adnate, ochraceous, tinged with green, their mouths small, subrotund. =Stem= subequal, glabrous, even, reddish toward the base, pallid above, with a _narrow reddish circumscribing zone or line at the top_. =Spores= oblong, brownish-ochraceous, tinged with green when fresh, 10–12.5×4µ.

=Pileus= 3–5 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 5–10 lines thick.

Grassy ground under oaks. New York, _Peck_.

The species is well marked by the reddish band or line on the stem just below the tubes, but this disappears in drying. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. aluta´ceus= Morgan—yellowish. =Pileus= cushion-shaped, glabrous, _alutaceous_ with a tinge of red. =Flesh= _white, inclining to reddish_. =Tubes= semifree, medium in size, unequal, angular, greenish-yellow. =Stem= nearly equal, striate, reticulate at the apex, colored like the pileus. =Spores= fusiform, brownish-olive, 12.5×5µ.

=Pileus= 3 in. broad.

Rocky woods of oak and chestnut. Kentucky, _Morgan_.

The general aspect of the figure of this species recalls some of the forms of Boletus subtomentosus. The tubes are nearly equal in length to the thickness of the flesh of the pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Quite frequent at Mt. Gretna, Pa., in mixed woods, principally oak and chestnut.

Stem should be removed, and tubes when old. It cooks well and is especially good.

=B. tenui´culus= Frost—thin. =Pileus= nearly plane, _thin_, lurid-red on a yellow ground. =Flesh= unchangeable. =Tubes= short, adnate, small, _golden-yellow_. =Stem= _slender_, equal, colored like the pileus. =Spores= 10×6µ.

=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 4–6 in. long.

Woods. New England. _Frost._

The thin pileus and long slender stem readily distinguish this species. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. auri´porus= Pk.—golden-pore. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous or merely pruinose-tomentose, grayish-brown, yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= plane or slightly depressed around the stem, adnate or subdecurrent, _bright golden-yellow, retaining their color when dried_. =Stem= equal or slightly thickened at the base, _viscid or glutinous when moist_, especially toward the base, colored like or a little paler than the pileus. =Spores= 7.5–10×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.

Thin woods and shaded banks. New York, _Peck_; New England, _Frost_.

This species is remarkable for the rich yellow color of the tubes, which is retained unchanged in the dried specimens, and for the viscid stem. This character, however, is not noticeable in dry weather and was overlooked in the original specimens.

Boletus glutinipes Frost Ms. is not distinct. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Hopkins' Woods, Haddonfield, N.J. Grassy oak woods. 1891–1894. _McIlvaine._

The caps are delicious.

=B. innix´us= Frost. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous, yellowish-brown, slightly cracked in areas when old, yellow in the interstices. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= adnate, lemon-yellow, unchangeable. =Stem= slender, short, much thickened at the base in large specimens, yellowish, streaked with brown, brownish within. =Spores= 10×5µ.

Grassy woods. New England. _Frost._

The whole plant often reclines as if for support, _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. parasi´ticu=s Bull.—a parasite. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, dry, silky, becoming glabrous, _soon tessellately cracked_, grayish or dingy-yellow. =Tubes= decurrent, medium size, _golden yellow_. =Stem= equal, rigid, incurved, yellow without and within. =Spores= oblong-fusiform, pale-brown, 12.5–15×4µ.

=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 2–4 lines thick.

Parasitic on species of Scleroderma. New York, _Gerard_; New England, _Sprague_, _Bennett_.

This species is very rare in this country. It is remarkable for its peculiar habitat. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

New York, _Lydia M. Patchen_; Westfield, on Scleroderma vulgare.

I found many specimens of this rare species during August, 1897, growing on Scleroderma vulgare.

Professor Peck, to whom I sent specimens, identified them as B. parasiticus. The tubes were large, unequal, dissepiments thin, decurrent. The Sclerodermas frequently appear to be parasitic upon the Boletus. I have seen the host plant thrown entirely free from the ground by the Boletus.

B. parasiticus is edible, but it is not of agreeable flavor.

=B. dictyoceph´alus= Pk.—reticulate. =Pileus= convex, glabrous, _reticulate with brown lines beneath the thin separable cuticle_, brownish-orange, darker in the center and there tinged with pink. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= nearly plane, slightly depressed around the stem, grayish-yellow, becoming brown where bruised. =Stem= equal or slightly tapering at the top, solid, rimose, dotted with scales, lemon-yellow, darker toward the base. =Spores= 15–20×6µ.

=Pileus= 2.5 in. broad. =Stem= 3–4 in. long, 5–6 lines thick.

Mixed woods. North Carolina. _C.J. Curtis._

The description here given has been derived from a single dried specimen and from the notes kindly sent by Mr. Curtis. The species is apparently well marked and very distinct by the peculiar reticulations of the pileus. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. subgla´bripes= Pk.—rather smooth. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, glabrous, reddish inclining to chestnut color. =Flesh= white, unchangeable. =Tubes= adnate, nearly plane in the mass, pale yellow, becoming convex and darker or greenish-yellow with age, the mouths small, subrotund. =Stem= equal, solid, scurfy, pale yellow. =Spores= oblong-fusiform, 12.5–15×4–5µ.

The smoothish-stemmed Boletus is well marked by its cylindric minutely scurfy stem which is colored like the tubes. Its cap is smooth and nearly always some shade of red or bay. Specimens occur occasionally in which it approaches grayish-brown or wood-brown. The flesh is white and unchangeable when cut or broken.

The tubes at first have a nearly plane surface, but this becomes somewhat convex with age, and slightly depressed around the stem. The tube mouths are small and nearly round. The color of the tubes is at first a beautiful pale yellow, but it becomes darker or slightly greenish-yellow with age.

The stem is colored very nearly like the tubes, but sometimes it has a slight reddish tint toward the base. Its peculiar feature consists of the minute, branny particles upon it. They are so small and pale that they are easily overlooked.

There is a variety in which the cap is corrugated or irregularly pitted and wrinkled. Its name is Boletus subglabripes corrugis Pk.

The =cap= is 1½-4 in. broad, the =stem= is 2–3 in. long and 4–8 lines thick. The plants are found in woods in July and August. _Peck_, 51st Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

=B. pal´lidus= Frost—pale. (Plate CXVII, fig. 4, p. 424.) =Pileus= convex, becoming plane or centrally depressed, soft, glabrous, pallid or brownish-white, sometimes tinged with red. =Flesh= white. =Tubes= plane or slightly depressed around the stem, nearly adnate, _very pale or whitish-yellow_, becoming darker with age, _changing to blue where wounded_, the mouths small. =Stem= equal or slightly thickened toward the base, rather long, glabrous, often flexuous, whitish, sometimes streaked with brown, often tinged with red within. =Spores= pale ochraceous-brown, 10–12×5–6µ.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 3–5 lines long, 4–8 lines thick.

Woods. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_.

The species is readily recognized by its dull pale color, rather long stem, and tubes changing to blue where wounded. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Common in West Virginia mountains, Angora, West Philadelphia, Mt. Gretna, Pa. Solitary, on ground in mixed woods.

The caps are tender and delicately flavored.

=B. rubropunc´tus= Pk.—red-dotted. (Plate CXVII, fig. 3, p. 424.) =Pileus= convex, glabrous, reddish-brown. =Flesh= yellowish, unchangeable. =Tubes= nearly plane, depressed about the stem, their mouths small, round, bright golden-yellow, not changing color where bruised. =Stem= firm, solid, tapering upward, yellow, punctate with reddish dots or squamules. =Spores= olive-green, 12.5×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Woods. Port Jefferson. July. Cold Spring Harbor, _H.C. Beardslee_.

This is a pretty Boletus, well marked by the red dots of the stem. It is apparently a very rare species. B. radicans is said to have the stem sprinkled with red particles, but that is a larger plant with the margin of the pileus persistently involute or incurved and with a radicating stem, characters which are not shown by our fungus. _Peck_, 50th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

I found my specimens at Mt. Gretna, Pa., August-September, 1898.

Identified for the writer by Professor Peck from painting and description.

Taste and smell slight. Cooks well and is pleasant to the taste. The tubes should be removed.

SUBTOMENTO´SI—_sub_, _tomentosus_, downy.

=Pileus= when young villose or subtomentose, rarely becoming glabrous with age, destitute of a viscid pellicle. =Tubes= of one color, adnate. =Stem= at first extended, neither bulbous nor reticulated with veins, wrinkled or striated in some species. =Flesh= in some changing color where wounded.

The tubes are generally yellow or greenish-yellow. In some species they are occasionally somewhat depressed around the stem, but they do not form a rounded free stratum, nor, with the exception of B. rubeus, are they stuffed when young as in most of the Edules. The species are scarcely separable from those of the preceding tribe except by the more evidently tomentose young pileus.

Tubes brown, becoming cinnamon B. variegatus

Tubes not having these colors 1

1. Flesh or tubes changing to blue where 2
wounded

1. Flesh or tubes not changing to blue 5

2. Stem glabrous 3

2. Stem not glabrous 4

3. Flesh yellow under the cuticle B. rubeus

3. Flesh red under the cuticle B. chrysenteron

4. Stem velvety at the base B. striæpes

4. Stem with a reddish bloom or scurf B. radicans

4. Stem with brown dot-like scales B. mutabilis

5. Tubes whitish, becoming yellow B Roxanæ

5. Tubes yellow 6

6. Tube mouths large and angular B. subtomentosus

6. Tube mouths minute B. spadiceus

_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. variega´tus= Swartz. =Pileus= at first convex, then plane, obtuse, moist, sprinkled with _superficial bundled hairy squamules, dark-yellow_, the acute margin at first flocculose. =Flesh= yellow, here and there becoming blue. =Tubes= adnate, unequal, minute, _brown then cinnamon_. =Stem= firm, equal, even, dark-yellow, sometimes reddish. =Spores= oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline or very pale-yellowish, 7.5–10×3–4µ.

=Pileus= 2–5 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 6 lines thick.

Woods, especially of pine. North Carolina, _Curtis_, _Schweinitz_; California, _Harkness_, _Moore_; Rhode Island, _Bennett_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

West Virginia mountains, 1882–1885. Haddonfield, N.J., _McIlvaine_; Doylestown, Pa., _Paschall_. Quite common on flat benches where hemlocks and spruces have grown.

When the caps are cooked they are sweet, nutty, excellent.

=B. Roxa´næ= Frost. =Pileus= broadly convex, at first subtomentose, then covered with red hairs in bundles, _yellowish-brown_. =Flesh= yellowish-white. =Tubes= at first _whitish, then light-yellow_, arcuate-adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, the mouths small. =Stem= enlarged toward the base, striate at the apex, yellowish or pale-cinnamon. =Spores= 10×4µ.

Var. _auri´color_. =Pileus= and subequal stem bright-yellow, the tomentum of the pileus yellow.

=Pileus= 1.5–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Borders of woods. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_.

_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. striæ´pes= Secr.—striate stem. =Pileus= convex or plane, soft, silky, _olivaceous, the cuticle rust-color within_. =Flesh= white, yellow next the tubes, sparingly changing to blue. =Tubes= adnate, greenish, their mouths minute, angular, yellow. =Stem= firm, curved, marked with _brownish-black striations_, yellow, velvety and brownish-rufescent at the base. =Spores= 10–13×4µ.

Pine and oak woods. Minnesota, _Johnson_.

I have seen no specimens of this species, which is recorded from but one locality in our country. The character—flesh sparingly changing to blue—is given on the authority of Rev. M.J. Berkeley. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. chrysen´teron= Fr.—golden within. =Pileus= convex or plane, soft, floccose-squamulose, often cracked in areas, brown or brick-red. =Flesh= _yellow, red beneath the cuticle_, often slightly changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= subadnate; greenish-yellow, _changing to blue where wounded_; their mouths rather large, angular, unequal. =Stem= subequal, rigid, fibrous-striate, red or pale-yellow. =Spores= fusiform, pale-brown, 11–12.5×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 1–3 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Woods and mossy banks.

The species is common and very variable. The color of the pileus may be yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, brick-red, tawny or olivaceous. The subcutaneous reddish tint and the reddish chinks of the cracked pileus are distinguishing features. Wounds of the tubes sometimes become blue then greenish. Authors disagree concerning the edible qualities of this Boletus. Stevenson gives it as edible, but Cordier and Gillet say that it is regarded with suspicion. In one strongly marked form the tubes are decidedly depressed around the stem, in another the flesh is whitish tinged with red. It may be doubted whether these are varieties or distinct species. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

I have found, and eaten plentifully of this species in West Virginia, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, from July until October. I have no hesitancy in recommending it in all of its varieties. Excepting from very young specimens the tubes and stems should be removed. The flesh is sweet, delicate and toothsome.

=B. fumo´sipes= Pk. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, minutely tomentose, sometimes minutely rivulose, dark olive-brown. =Flesh= whitish. =Tubes= at first nearly plane, becoming convex with age, their mouths whitish when young, becoming yellowish-brown, changing to bluish-black where bruised. =Stem= equal, solid, smoky-brown, minutely scurfy under a lens. =Spores= purplish-brown, 12.5–15×5–6µ.

=Pileus= 1–2 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2 in. long, 3–4 lines thick.

Woods. Port Jefferson. July.

This species resembles small dark-colored forms of B. chrysenteron, and this resemblance is still more noticeable in those specimens in which the pileus cracks in areas, for in these the chinks become red as in that species. The different color of the stem and tubes will at once separate these species. _Peck_, 50th Rep. N.Y. State Bot.

=B. ru´beus= Frost—red. =Pileus= broadly convex, very finely appressed subtomentose, bright brick-red when young, becoming mottled with red and yellow, _yellow under the cuticle_, the thin margin at first inflexed, then horizontal, curved upward when old. =Flesh= pale-yellow, changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= adnate or slightly depressed around the stem, lemon-yellow and _stuffed when young_, becoming yellow and sometimes red at the mouths. =Stem= small, often flexuous, colored like the pileus, reddish within, white-tomentose at the base. =Spores= 9–12.5×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1–3 in. long, 3–5 lines thick.

Deep woods. Rare. New England, _Frost_.

This is apparently too closely related to B. chrysenteron, and it also resembles B. bicolor. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. frater´nus= Pk. =Pileus= convex, becoming plane or depressed, slightly tomentose, deep red when young, becoming dull red with age. =Flesh= yellow, slowly changing to greenish-blue where wounded. =Tubes= rather long, becoming ventricose, slightly depressed about the stem, their walls sometimes slightly decurrent, the mouths large, angular or irregular, sometimes compound, bright yellow, quickly changing to blue where wounded. =Stem= short, cespitose, often irregular, solid, subtomentose, slightly velvety at the base, pale reddish-yellow, paler above and below, yellow within, quickly changing to dark green where wounded. =Spores= 12.5×6µ.

=Pileus= 1–1.5 in. broad. =Stem= 1–1.5 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Shaded streets. Auburn, Alabama. July. Underwood.

The species is apparently allied to B. rubeus, but is very distinct by its small size, cespitose habit, color of the flesh of the stem and by the peculiar hues assumed where wounded. When the pileus cracks the chinks become yellow as in B. subtomentosus. The species belongs to the tribe Subtomentosi. _Peck_, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. 24, No. 3.

=B. subtomento´sus= L.—_sub_; _tomentosus_, downy. =Pileus= convex or nearly plane, soft, dry, _villoso-tomentose, subolivaceous, concolorous beneath the cuticle_, often cracked in areas. =Flesh= white or pallid. =Tubes= adnate or somewhat depressed around the stem, yellow, their mouths large, angular. =Stem= stout, somewhat ribbed-sulcate, scabrous or scurfy with minute dots. =Spores= 10–12.5×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 1–4 in. broad. =Stem= 1–2.5 in. long, 2–5 lines thick.

Common and variable. The pileus is usually olivaceous or yellowish-brown, but it may be reddish-brown or tawny-red. When it cracks the chinks become yellow. The species, as I understand it, may be distinguished from its near relative, B. chrysenteron, by its paler flesh, the clearer yellow tubes not changing to blue where wounded, and by the chinks of the pileus becoming yellow. The species is recorded edible by Cordier, Curtis and Palmer. Gillet says it is only medium in quality. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Found and eaten in West Virginia, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Specimens received from Indiana, Minnesota, Alabama. I have not seen any change of color in flesh or tubes. It is common in Woodland Cemetery and Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. If the tubes are not removed the dish is slimy. The B. chrysenteron also makes such a dish when stewed, but fried, and well done, both species are decidedly good.

=B. cæspito´sus= Pk.—cespitose. =Pileus= broadly convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly concave by the elevation of the margin, even, brown or blackish-brown, the margin often a little paler or reddish-brown. =Flesh= slightly tinged with red. =Tubes= adnate or slightly decurrent, yellow, their mouths rather large, angular, concolorous. =Stem= short, even, solid, glabrous, tapering upward, brown or reddish-brown. =Spores= oblong-elliptic, 10µ long, 5µ broad.

=Pileus= 1–2.5 cm. broad. =Stem= 2–2.5 cm. long, 4–6 mm. thick.

Cespitose. Virginia. August. _R.S. Phifer._

A small species growing in tufts and referable to the tribe Subtomentosi. The tubes retain their bright yellow color in the dried specimens. _Peck_, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, January 27, 1900.

Edible qualities not stated.

=B. spadi´ceus= Schaeff.—nut brown. =Pileus= convex or plane, moderately compact, dry, tomentose, opaque, _date-brown_, irregularly cracked. =Flesh= white, unchangeable, brownish-red above. =Tubes= adnate, yellow, their mouths minute, subrotund. =Stem= firm, clavate, even, _woolly-scaled_, yellow or brownish, yellowish-white within. =Spores= 12×4µ.

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad.

Woods. New England, _Frost_.

This species is admitted on the authority of Mr. Frost who alone has recorded it in this country. But specimens received from him under this name do not in my opinion belong to it, and its occurrence here is somewhat doubtful. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

In oak woods near Bartram’s Garden, West Philadelphia, in 1887–1888, I found several Boleti answering the description, exactly, of B. spadiceus. They proved to be good eating.

=B. radi´cans= Pers.—_radix_, a root. =Pileus= convex, dry, subtomentose, olivaceous-cinereus, becoming pale-yellowish, the margin thin, involute. =Flesh= pale-yellow, instantly changing to dark blue, taste bitterish. =Tubes= adnate, their mouths large, unequal, lemon-yellow. =Stem= even, _tapering downward and radicating, flocculose with a reddish bloom_, pale-yellow, becoming naked and dark with a touch.

=Pileus= 2–3 in. broad. =Stem= 2 in. long, 6 lines thick.

Woods. Ohio, _Morgan_.

Of the American plant Mr. Morgan says that the pileus is quite firm and dry, becomes reddish or brownish-yellow and nearly glabrous, that the flesh is pale-yellow, but that he has not observed any bluish tinge, and that the spores are olive, fusiform, 10–12.5×5µ. Those of the European plant have been described as very pale ocher, almost white, 6µ long, 3µ broad. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

Near Bryn Mawr, Pa. _W.C. Alderson_, 1894.

Several specimens brought to me were eaten. The change in color of flesh was instantaneous upon exposure to the air. Taste strong and raw rather than bitterish. The caps alone were cooked, and dish marked “fine.”

=B. muta´bilis= Morg.—changeable. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Sci., Vol. VII. =Pileus= convex, then plane or depressed, compact, dry, subtomentose, _brown_. =Flesh= bright-yellow, _promptly changing to blue where wounded_. =Tubes= adnate or subdecurrent, their mouths large, angular, unequal, some of them compound, yellow changing to greenish yellow and _quickly becoming blue where wounded_. =Stem= stout, solid, flexuous, subsulcate, yellowish beneath the _brown dot-like scales_, bright yellow within. =Spores= olive, fusiform, 12–13×5µ.

=Pileus= 2.5–4 in. broad. =Stem= 2–3 in. long, 6 lines thick.

Thick woods. Ohio, _Morgan_.

A shade of yellow sometimes appears beneath the brown of the pileus, and as the plants grow old the pileus becomes blackish, glabrous and shining. The stem increases in thickness above and downward. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. badi´ceps= Pk.—_badius_, bay and head. (Plate CXVI, p. 420.) =Pileus= firm, convex or somewhat centrally depressed when mature, dry, velvety, obliquely truncate on the margin, bay-red or dark-maroon color. =Flesh= white unchangeable, taste and odor mild, sweet, suggestive of molasses. =Tubes= plane, adnate, white or whitish, becoming dingy with age, the mouths minute. =Stem= equal or slightly swollen in the middle, radicating, glabrous, solid, brownish.

=Pileus= 4–8 cm. broad. =Stem= 4–5 cm. long, 1.5–3 cm. thick.

Oak woods. West Philadelphia, Pa. August and September. _Charles McIlvaine._

The truncate or beveled margin of the pileus is a striking feature in this species. It is about 4 mm. broad and as even as if cut with a knife. Sometimes the surface of the stem ruptures transversely just below the top, the liberated shreds above curling upward against the tubes and those below curving outward and downward. In mature plants brownish spots appear in the flesh of the pileus. “When cooked it is of high flavor and tender as kidney,” _C. McIlvaine._ _Peck_, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, January 27, 1900.

FIG. PAGE. FIG. PAGE. 1. BOLETUS SEPARANS, 445 4. BOLETUS SCARER AREOLATUS, 461–463 2. BOLETUS RUSSELLI, 436 5. BOLETUS EDULIS, 445 3. BOLETUS ILLUDENS, 439

LACERI´PEDES—lacerated stem.

Stem elongated, coarsely pitted or deeply and lacunosely reticulated in small hollows, the ridges somewhat intumescent in wet weather and more or less lacerated, giving a rough or shaggy appearance to the stem.

The species of this tribe are few, very closely allied and so far as known are peculiar to this country.

Pileus viscid 1

Pileus dry B. Russelli

1. Stem red in the depressions, tubes tinged with B. Morgani
green

1. Stem pale-yellow, tubes not greenish B. Betula

_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. Rus´selli= Frost—Russell’s Boletus. (Plate CXVIII, fig. 2, p. 436.) =Pileus= thick, hemispherical or convex, _dry, covered with downy scales or bundles of red hairs_, yellowish beneath the tomentum, often cracked in areas. =Flesh= yellowish, unchangeable. =Tubes= subadnate, often depressed around the stem, rather large, dingy-yellow or yellowish-green. =Stem= very long, equal or tapering upward, roughened by the lacerated margins of the reticular depressions, _red or brownish-red_. =Spores= olive-brown, 18–22×8–10µ.

=Pileus= 1.5–4 in. broad. =Stem= 3–7 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

This is distinguished from the other species by the dry squamulose pileus and the color of the stem. The latter is sometimes curved at the base. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

B. Russelli occurs in the West Virginia mountains, where I found and ate it in August, 1883. Though solitary in its method of growth, it is frequent in many parts of Pennsylvania, among leaves in mixed woods. August to October.

Taste when raw, sweet, mild. Cooked it is rather soft, tasty. Tubes and stem should be removed.

=B. Mor´gani= Pk. =Pileus= convex, soft, _glabrous viscid_, red or yellow, or red fading to yellow on the margin. =Flesh= whitish tinged with red and yellow, unchangeable. =Tubes= convex, depressed around the stem, rather long and large, bright-yellow becoming greenish-yellow. =Stem= elongated, tapering upward, pitted with long, narrow depressions, _yellow, red in the depressions_, colored within like the flesh of the pileus. =Spores= olive-brown, 18–22µ long, about half as broad.

=Pileus= 1.5–2.5 in. broad. =Stem= 3–5 in. long, 3–6 lines thick.

Rocky hillsides in woods of deciduous trees. Kentucky, _Morgan_.

In wet weather the anastomosing ridges of the stem swell and become broadly winged, thereby giving the stem a peculiar lacerated appearance. The glabrous viscid pileus and the coloration of the stem distinguish the species. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

B. Morgani is found in like localities with B. Russelli. Excepting in its smooth, viscid cap and whitish flesh, it closely resembles the latter. The ridges in the stems of both species swell when moist.

Its edible qualities are the same as B. Russelli.

=B. Be´tula= Schw.—birch. =Pileus= convex, viscose and shining in wet weather, tessellately cracked and reticulated, orange-fawn color, rather small. =Flesh= yellowish-white. =Tubes= separating, rather large, _yellow_, almost like those of B. subtomentosus but _not greenish_. =Stem= long, _attenuated downward_, everywhere covered with a deciduous reticulated bark two lines high and separating like the bark of birches, _pale-yellow without and within_.

=Pileus= 1.5 in. broad. =Stem= 5–6 in. long.

Ligneous earth. North Carolina, _Schweinitz_, _Curtis_; Pennsylvania, _Schweinitz_. _Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

During several seasons I found B. Betula in Woodland Cemetery, Philadelphia.

Edible qualities good.

CALO´PODES. _Gr_—beautiful; _Gr_—feet.

=Stem= stout, at first bulbous, typically venose-reticulated with veins. =Tubes= adnate, their mouths not reddish.

The reticulate stem and adnate tubes of one color distinguish the species of this tribe. In the Luridi the mouths of the tubes are differently colored, and in the closely related Edules the tubes are more or less depressed around the stem or sub-free, and their pores are commonly stuffed when young. Fries did not admit species with whitish tubes into this tribe, but we have done so in those cases in which this was the only character to exclude them.

Tubes yellow or yellowish 1
Tubes white or whitish, at least when young 7
1. Tubes or flesh changing to blue where wounded 2
1. Tubes or flesh not changing to blue where wounded 5
2. Pileus red, at least when young 3
2. Pileus some other color 4
3. Stem red B. Peckii
3. Stem yellow or reddish only at the base B. speciosus
4. Tubes angular, pileus olivaceous B. calopus
4. Tubes rotund, pileus not olivaceous B. pachypus
5. Pileus viscid B. Curtisii
5. Pileus pulverulent, stems cespitose B. retipes
5. Pileus neither viscid nor pulverulent 6
6. Stem yellow B. ornatipes
6. Stem brown B. modestus
6. Stem yellowish-white B. rimosellus
7. Pileus some shade of red 8
7. Pileus some shade of brown or gray 9
8. Stem pallid or yellowish B. rubignosus
8. Stem dark-brown B. ferrugineus
9. Pileus pale-brown, stem flexuous B. flexuosipes
9. Pileus gray or grayish-black, stem straight B. griseus
_Peck_, Boleti of the U.S.

=B. specio´sus= Frost—handsome. =Pileus= at first very thick, subglobose, compact, then softer, convex, glabrous or nearly so, red. =Flesh= pale-yellow or bright lemon-yellow, changing to blue where wounded. =Tubes= adnate, small, subrotund, plane or but slightly depressed around the stem, bright lemon-yellow, becoming dingy-yellow with age, changing to blue where wounded. =Stem= stout, subequal or somewhat bulbous, reticulated, _bright lemon-yellow without and within_, sometimes reddish at the base. =Spores= oblong-fusiform, pale ochraceous-brown, 10–12.5×4–5µ.

=Pileus= 3–7 in. broad. =Stem= 2–4 in. long, 10–24 lines thick.

Thin woods. New England, _Frost_; New York, _Peck_.