Chapter XXIV: Part 24

CELL (_cella_, a small room, barn, etc.), (a) a small cavity,
compartment or hollow place; (b) a mass of protoplasm of various size
and shape, generally microscopic, with or without a nucleus and
enclosing wall, the fundamental form-element of every organized body.

CELL´ULAR (_cellula_, dim. of a cell, + ar), composed of cells.

CELL´ULOSE (_cellula_, a cell), the essential constituent of the primary
wall-membrane of cells, a secretion from the contained protoplasm;
allied to starch, sugar and inulin. Chemical formula, C_{6}H_{10}O_{5}.

CENTIMETER, CM. (_centum_, a hundred, + metre, meter), in the metric
system a measure of length, the hundredth part of a meter, equal to
0.3937 of an English inch.

CENTRIF´UGALLY (_centrum_, the center, + _fugere_, flee), from the
center outwards.

CENTRIP´ETALLY (_centrum_, the center, + _petere_, seek, move toward),
from the circumference toward the center.

CE´PÆFORM (_cepa_, an onion; _forma_, form), onion-shaped.

CERA´CEOUS (_ceraceus_, < _cera_, wax), wax-like, waxy.

CEREB´RIFORM (_cerebrum_, the brain, + _forma_, form), brain-shaped.

CER´VINE (_cervinus_, < _cervus_, deer), of a deep tawny or fawn color.

CHAN´NELED (_canalis_, a water-pipe, canal), hollowed out like a gutter;
canaliculate

CHARTA´CEOUS (_chartaceus_, < _charta_, paper), like paper.

CHESTNUT COLOR (_castaneus_, _spadiceus_), a rich dark reddish-brown of
a slightly purplish cast. (Vermilion + burnt umber.)

CHLAM´YDOSPORES (_Gr_—mantle, + _Gr_—seed) (encased spores), one of a
number of thick-walled resting spores usually formed in rows from the
breaking up of the hyphæ into spherical bead-like cells; on
germination they may develop sporangia or conidiophores.

CHLO´ROPHYLL (_chlorophyllum_, _Gr_—yellowish-green; _Gr_=_L._,
_folium_, a leaf), the green coloring matter of plants.

CHLORO´SIS (_Gr_—greenness, paleness), loss of color, etiolation.

CHOCOLATE-BROWN (_chocolatinus_), a rich dark reddish-brown color, like
the exterior glazed surface of a cake of chocolate.

CHROME-GREEN (_chromium-viridis_), a dull green color, nearly
intermediate between malachite green and sage green.

CHROME-YELLOW, a deep yellow.

CIL´IA (pl. of CILI´UM), (_cilium_, an eye-lid), marginal hair-like
processes.

CIL´IATE (_cilium_, an eye-lid), fringed with hair-like processes.

CINE´REOUS, CINERA´CEOUS (_cinereus_, _cineraceus_), ash-gray; a light
bluish-gray color, lighter than plumbeous.

CIN´NABARINE (_cinnabar_, vermilion, + ine), cinnabar-colored; bright
red; vermilion.

CINNAMO´MEOUS, CINNAMON (_cinnamomeus_, _cinnamominus_), a light
reddish-brown color, like the inner surface of cinnamon bark.

CINNAMON-RUFOUS (_cinnamomeo-rufus_), rufous with a tinge of cinnamon.
(Burnt sienna + raw umber + light red + white.)

CIR´CINATE (_circinatus_, pp. _circinare_, to make round), disposed in a
circle; circular, coiled like a shepherd’s crook.

CIRCUMSCIS´SILE (_circumscissus_, pp. of _circumscindere_, cut about),
opening or dividing by a transverse circular line; applied to a mode
of dehiscence in some fruits.

CIT´RINE, CIT´REOUS, CIT´RINOUS (_citrus_, a lemon or citron),
lemon-yellow colored.

CLATH´RATE, CLATH´ROID (_clathratus_, _Gr_—a lattice), latticed.

CLA´VATE, CLAV´IFORM (_clavatus_, < _clava_, a club), club-shaped,
gradually thickened towards the top.

CLAY COLOR (_lutescens_, _luteolus_, _lutosus_, _argillaceus_), a dull
light brownish-yellow color, nearly intermediate between yellow ocher
and Isabella color.

CLEIS´TOCARP, CLIS´TOCARP (_Gr_—that can be closed, + fruit), an
ascocarp which is entirely closed, and from which the spores escape by
its final rupture.

CLOSE, packed closely side by side; said of lamellæ when they are close
together; also styled crowded.

COALES´CENT (_coalescens_, ppr. of _coalescere_, grow together), growing
together of similar parts; coherent.

COCH´LEATE, COCHLEAR´IFORM (_cochleatus_, _cocleatus_, spiral, <
_cochlea_, _coclea_, a snail’s shell), shaped like a snail shell.

COHE´RENT (_coherens_, ppr. of _cohærere_, stick together, cohere),
sticking together of similar parts; sometimes used in the sense of
connate.

COLLEN´CHYMA (_Gr_—glue, + _Gr_—an infusion), in Geaster, etc., a
cartilaginous-gelatinous tissue, hygroscopic and with great capacity
for swelling, forming one of the inner layers of the peridium; its
swelling at maturity causes the outer peridium to burst outward in a
stellate manner.

COLLIC´ULOSE (_colliculus_, a little hill, dim. of _collis_, a hill),
covered with little hill-like elevations.

_Col´loid_ (_Gr_—glue, + semblance), like glue or jelly.

COLUMEL´LA (_columella_, a little column), a sterile tissue rising
column-like in the midst of the capillitium, serving as a point of
insertion for the threads which connect it with the peridium in the
form of a network. (In Lycoperdaceæ.)

CO´MATE, CO´MOSE, CO´MOUS (_comatus_, hairy, < _coma_, a hair),
furnished with a tuft of silky hairs; hairy.

COM´PLANATE (_complanatus_, pp. of _complanare_, make plane or plain),
flattened vertically to a level surface above and below.

COMPRESSED´ (_compressa_, fem. of _compressus_, pp. of _comprimere_,
compress), flattened laterally.

CONCAT´ENATE (_con_, together, + _catenare_, link, chain, < _catena_, a
chain), linked together in a chain.

CONCAVE´ (_concavus_, hollow, arched, vaulted; _com_, together, +
_cavus_, hollow), having a rounded, incurved surface.

CONCEN´TRIC (_con_, together; _centrum_, center), having a common
center, as a series of rings, one within another.

CONCEP´TACLE (_conceptaculum_, < _concipere_, pp. _conceptus_, contain,
conceive), a closed sporiferous body.

CON´CHIFORM (_concha_, a shell, + _forma_, shape), shell-shaped,
resembling a clam-shell in shape.

CONCOLORED, CONCOL´OROUS (_concolor_, of one color), of a uniform color.

CONCRES´CENT (_concrescentia_, < _concrescere_, grow together), growing
together.

CON´CRETE (_concretus_, grown together, solid), coalescent; united in a
coagulated, condensed or solid mass; grown together.

CONFER´VOID (_conferva_, a name applied to certain of the Algæ,
sea-weeds; + _Gr_—form), like a Conferva, from the finely branched
threads; loose and filamentous.

CON´FLUENT (_con_, together, + _Gr_—_fluere_, flow), blended into one.

CON´GENER (_congener_, of the same race, < _con_, together, + _genus_
(_gener_), race), of the same genus or kind.

CONGENER´IC, CONGENER´ICAL, CONGEN´EROUS (_congener_, of the same race,
+ ic, ous), belonging to or nearly allied to the same genus.

CONGENET´IC (_con_, together, + _Gr_—generation, seed), produced at the
same time or by the same cause; alike in origin.

CONGLOM´ERATE (_conglomeratus_, pp. of _conglomerare_, roll together,
heap together, < _com_, together, + _glomerare_, gather into a ball),
densely clustered; gathered into a round mass; composed of
heterogeneous materials.

CONGLU´TINATE (_conglutinatus_, pp. of _conglutinare_, glue together, <
_com_, together, + _glutinare_, glue), as if glued together.

CONID´IAL (conidium + al), pertaining to or of the nature of a conidium
or conidia; characterized by the formation of conidia; bearing
conidia.

CONIDIIF´EROUS, CONIDIOPH´OROUS (_conidium_, dust, + _ferre_, bear),
bearing conidia.

CONID´IOPHORE (_conidium_, + _Gr_—bearing), a hypha from which are
abstricted conidia.

CONID´IUM (pl. CONIDIA), a non-sexual spore formed singly or in chains
by abstriction from the ends of hyphæ or hyphal branches. See under
SPORE.

CO´NIFER (_conifer_, cone-bearing, < _conus_, a cone, + _ferre_, bear),
a cone-bearing tree.

CONJUGA´TION (_conjugatio(n-)_, a joining, entomological relationship, <
_conjugare_, pp. _conjugatus_, join), union of two cells to form a
spore.

CON´NATE (_connatus_, pp. _connasci_, < _con_, together; _nascor_, to be
born), united by growing together from the first.

CON´NIVENT (_conniven(t-)s_, _coniven(t-)s_, ppr. of _connivere_,
_conivere_, wink at; overlook), having an inward direction,
converging, coming in contact, said of a cup whose sides curve inward
and meet at the margin.

CON´STANT (_constan(t-)s_, steady, firm, < _com_, together, + _stare_),
always present or always in the same condition.

CONSTRIC´TED (constrict + ed), contracted so as to be smaller in one or
more places than in others.

CON´TEXT (_contextus_, pp. of _contexere_, join or weave together),
texture; substance.

CONTIG´UOUS (_contiguus_, touching), near, or in contact.

CONTIN´UOUS (_continuus_, joined, < _continere_, hold together), without
a break; applied to spores or hyphæ that have no septa.

CONTOR´TED (_contortus_, pp. of _contorquere_, twist, < _com_, together;
_torquere_, twist), distorted, twisted, crooked or deformed.

CON´VEX (_convexus_, vaulted, arched, convex, concave), elevated and
regularly rounded; forming the segment of a sphere or nearly so.

CONVEX´O-PLANE, between convex and flat.

CON´VOLUTE (_convolutus_, pp. of _convolvere_, roll together), covered
with irregular convexities and depressions resembling the convolutions
of the brain.

COR´DATE (_cordatus_, heart-shaped), heart-shaped.

CORIA´CEOUS (_coriaceus_, < _corium_, leather), of a leathery texture.

COR´NEOUS (_corneus_, horny), of a horny texture.

COR´RUGATED (_corrugatus_, pp. _corrugare_, < _con_, together, +
_rugare_, to wrinkle), wrinkled; contracted; puckered; having a
wrinkled appearance.

COR´TEX (_cortex_, cork), literally bark; a covering of cells enclosing
the axis; cortical layer; the outer rind-like layer or layers of some
fungus bodies.

COR´TICAL (_cortex_ (_cortic_), bark, rind, + al), of or pertaining to
the cortex.

COR´TICATE, COR´TICATED (_corticatus_, pp. adj., < _cortex_, bark),
furnished with bark-like covering; having a rind.

CORTI´NA (_cortina_), a veil of spider-web structure rupturing at or
near the stem; applied to the peculiar veil of the genus Cortinarius.

COR´TINATE (_cortinatus_, < _cortina_, a curtain), provided with or
pertaining to a cortina.

COS´TATE (_costatus_, ribbed, < _costa_, rib), having a ridge or ridges
as if ribbed.

COSTÆ (pl. of _costa_, a rib, a side), ribs or primary veins (as in a
leaf).

CRATE´RA (_crater_, a bowl), a cup-shaped receptacle.

CRATER´IFORM (_crater_, a crater, + _forma_, shape), basin or
saucer-shaped; having the form of a crater.

CREAM COLOR (_cremeus_), a light pinkish-yellow color like cream.

CRE´NATE (_crenatus_, < _crena_, a notch), notched at the edge,
indented, scalloped: The notches are blunt or rounded, not sharp as in
a serrated edge.

CREN´ULATE, CREN´ULATED (_crenulatus_), same as crenate.

CRETA´CEOUS (_cretaceus_, chalky, < _creta_, chalk), chalky; of the
color of chalk.

CRIB´RATE, CRIB´RIFORM (_cribrum_, a sieve, + _forma_, shape),
sieve-like; perforated with small holes.

CRIB´ROSE (_cribrosus_, < _cribrum_, a sieve), pierced with holes;
perforated.

CRIMSON (_carmineus_, _sanguineus_, _sanguineo-ruber_), blood-red, the
color of the cruder sorts of carmine.

CRI´NITE (_crinitus_, haired, pp. of _crinire_, provide with hair, <
_crinis_, hair), having a tuft of long, weak hairs.

CRISP, CRISPED, CRIS´PATE (_crispus_, curled, wavy, uneven, tremulous),
having the surface, especially near the margin, strongly and finely
undulate, as the leaves of the Savoy cabbage.

CRIS´TATE (_cristatus_, < _crista_, a crest), crested; bearing a ridge,
mane or tuft on the top.

CRU´CIATE, CRU´CIFORM (_cruciatus_, pp. of _cruciare_, torture), having
the form of a cross with equal arms.

CRUSTA´CEOUS (_crusta_, a crust, + aceous), of hard and brittle texture.

CRYP´TOGAM (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), a plant of the order Cryptogamia.

CRYPTOGA´MIA (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), flowerless plants propagated by
spores.

CRYPTOG´AMY (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), obscure fructification as in
plants of the class Cryptogamia.

CULM (_culmus_, a stalk), the stem of grasses.

CU´NEATE, CUNE´IFORM (_cuneatus_, pp. of _cuneare_, wedge, make
wedge-shaped, < _cuneus_, a wedge), wedge-shaped.

CUP (_cupa_, a tub, cask, vat), the concave fruiting body of
angiocarpous lichens and discomycetous fungi; the peridium of a
clustering fungus. See APOTHECIUM.

CU´PREOUS (_cupreus_, of copper, < _cuprum_, copper), copper-colored.

CU´PULAR, CU´PULATE (a little cup, dim. of _cupa_, a cup), cup-shaped.

CU´PULE, CU´PULA (a little cup, dim. of _cupa_, a cup), a receptacle
shaped like a little cup, as in Peziza.

CURLED, same as CRISP.

CURT (_curtus_, clipped, broken, shortened), short.

CUR´TAIN (_cortina_, a small croft, screen, etc.), same as cortina.

CUS´PIDATE (_cuspidatus_, pp. _cuspidare_, < _cuspis_, a point, spear),
with a sharp spear-like point.

CU´TICLE (_cuticula_, dim. of _cutis_, the skin), a distinct skin-like
layer; cutis, cuticle, pellicle and epidermis have been used
indiscriminately to describe the separable or inseparable skin-like
layer sometimes present on the outer surface of the pileus and stem;
of these terms, cuticle is used most commonly.

CU´TIS. See CUTICLE.

CYA´NEOUS (_cyaneus_, dark blue), bright blue; azure; lapis-lazuli blue.

CYANO´SIS (_Gr_—dark-blue, + osis), in pathology a blue or more or less
livid color of the surface of the body, due to imperfect circulation
and oxygenation of the blood.

CY´ATHIFORM (_cyathus_, a cup; _forma_, form), cup-shaped, shape of a
drinking glass slightly widened at the top.

CYLIN´DRIC, CYLIN´DRICAL (_cylindricus_, cylinder), cylinder-shaped;
applied to a branch or stem having the same or nearly the same
diameter throughout, and its cross-section circular.

CYM´BÆFORM, CYM´BIFORM (_cymba_, a boat, + _forma_, shape), boat-shape.

CYST (_cystis_, the bladder, bag, pouch), a bladder-like cell or cavity.

CYSTID´IUM (pl. CYSTID´IA) (_Gr_—the bladder, + the dim. termination),
sterile bladder cells of the hymenium, generally larger than the
basidia cells between which and with which they are formed.

DASH, -, between two figures = to; from 2 to 4.

DAUGHTER-CELL, any cell when mentioned in relation to the one
(mother-cell) from which it is derived.

DEAL´BATE (_dealbatus_, pp. of _dealbare_, whiten, white-wash, etc., <
_de_ + _albare_, whiten), as if white-washed; covered with very white
opaque powder.

DECID´UOUS (_deciduus_, that falls down; < _decidere_, < _de_, down, +
_cedere_, to fall), falling off at maturity or at the end of the
season, not permanent; losing the foliage every year.

DECOR´TICATE, DECOR´TICATED (_decorticatus_, pp. of _decorticare_, <
_de_, from, + _cortex_, bark), denuded of bark; destitute of a cortex
or cortical layer.

DECUM´BENT (_decumben(t-)s_, ppr. of _decumbere_, lie down, < _de_,
down, + _cumbere_, lie) applied to a stem having the lower part
resting on the ground.

DECUR´RENT (_decurren(t-)s_, ppr. _decurrere_, run down), applied to
lamellæ (gills) which are prolonged down the stem.

DECURVED´ (decurve + ed, after _decurvatus_, curved back), curved
downward; opposed to recurved.

DEFLEXED´ (_deflexus_, pp. _deflectere_, turn aside), bent or turned
down.

DEHIS´CENCE (_dehiscen(t-)s_, dehiscent), the spontaneous opening of a
peridium at maturity to discharge the spores.

DEHIS´CENT (_dehiscere_, gape, open), a closed organ opening of itself
at maturity or when it has attained a certain development.

DELIQUES´CENT (_deliquescere_, melt away), relating to mushrooms which
at maturity become liquid or melt down.

DELIMITA´TION (_delimitare_, mark out the limits, < _de_ + _limitare_,
limit, bound), the marking, fixing or prescribing the limits or
boundaries.

DEN´DROID, DEN´DRIFORM (_Gr_—a tree, + _L._—_forma_, form), tree-shaped.

DEN´TATE (_dentatus_, tooth), toothed with a concave serrature.

DENTIC´ULATE (_denticulatus_, < _denticulus_, a small tooth), finely
dentate.

DENU´DATE (_denudatus_, pp. of _denudare_, make bare, strip), naked;
exposed, not immersed.

DEPRESSED´ (_depressus_, pp. of _deprimere_, < _de_, down, + _premere_,
press), as if pressed down or flattened; sunk below the level of the
surrounding margin.

DERMINI, a group of fungi with brown or rust-colored spores.

DESCEND´ING (_descindere_, pp. _descensus_, come down, fall, < _de_,
down, _scandere_, climb), applied to a marginal veil when, in the
young stage, its marginal attachment is below the level of its
stem-attachment; a ring formed from it is called superior; turned
downward.

DES´ICCATE, DES´ICCATED (_desiccatus_, pp. of _desiccare_, dry up, <
_de_, intensive, < _siccare_, dry), dried.

DETER´MINATE (_determinatus_, pp. _determinare_, fix, limit), ending
definitely; having a distinctly defined outline.

DETERMINA´TION (_determinatio(n)_, boundary, conclusion, end,
_determinare_, pp. _determinatus_, bound, determine), assignment to
the proper place in a classification or series.

DIAGNO´SIS (_diagnosis_, a distinguishing), scientific discrimination of
any kind; a short distinctive description, as of a plant.

DIAPH´ANOUS (_Gr_—through, + to appear), of a transparent texture;
permitting the passage of light.

DICHOT´OMOUS (_Gr_—in two, + to cut), dividing into two; regularly
forked.

DICHOT´OMY (_Gr_—a cutting in two), a mode of branching by constant
forking or dividing in pairs.

DID´YMOUS (_Gr_—double, twofold, twin), double; of two equal parts.

DIFFEREN´TIATED (_differentia_, difference), exhibiting differentiation.

DIFFERENTIA´TION (_differentia_, difference, + ation), (a)
discrimination between by observing or describing the differences; (b)
the evolutionary process or results by which originally different
parts or organs become differentiated or specialized in either form or
function; specialization.

DIF´FLUENT (_diffluen(t-)s_, ppr. of _diffluere_, < _dis_, away, apart,
+ _fluere_, flow), readily dissolving.

DIF´FORM, DIFFORMED´ (_deformis_, deformed), irregular in form, not
uniform.

DIFFUSE´ (_diffusus_, pp. of _diffundere_, pour in different directions,
pour out, < _dis_, away, + _fundere_, flow), spreading widely, loosely
and irregularly.

DIG´ITATE (_digitatus_, having fingers or toes, < _digitus_, finger),
furnished with fingers; dividing like the fingers of the hand.

DILA´TED (_dilatare_, spread out; extend), expanded; enlarged.

DIMID´IATE (_dimidiatus_, < _dimidiare_, halve), halved; _e. g._ of
gills which reach halfway to the stem; also of pileus when it is
semi-circular in outline or nearly so; as many Polyporei.

DIMOR´PHIC, DIMOR´PHOUS (_dimorphus_, having two forms), existing in two
distinct forms.

DIMOR´PHISM (_dimorphus_, having two forms), the property of existing
under two distinct forms.

DISC, DISK (_discus_, a disk, trencher), (a) any flat circular disk-like
growth; (b) the central portion of the upper surface of a pileus; the
cup-shaped or otherwise variously shaped hymenial surface of a
Discomycete.

DIS´CIFORM, DIS´COID, DIS´COIDAL (_discoides_, disk-shaped), of a
circular, flat form; disk-shaped.

DIS´COCARP (_Gr_—a disk, + _Gr_—fruit), ascocarp in which the hymenium
or disk lies exposed while the asci are maturing as in Peziza,
Morchella, etc.

DISCOMYCE´TES (_Gr_—a disk, + _Gr_—fungus), a group of ascomycetous
fungi in which the hymenium is exposed; the fruiting body is cupular,
discoid or clavate, and sometimes convoluted.

DISCRETE´ (_discretus_, distinguished, separated), distinct, not
coalescent.

DISSEC´TED (_dissectus_, pp. of _dissecare_, cut asunder, < _dis_,
asunder, + _secare_, cut), cut deeply into many lobes or divisions.

DISSEP´IMENTS (_dissepimentum_, a partition) dividing walls; partitions.

DIS´TAL (_dist(ance)_ + al), pertaining to the apex or outer extremity.

DIS´TANT, (_distans_, ppr. _distare_, stand apart), far apart; of gills
which have a wide distance between them.

DIS´TICHOUS (_Gr_—having two rows), disposed in two rows.

DIVAR´ICATE (_divaricatus_, pp. _divaricare_, spread asunder),
separating at an obtuse angle; diverging widely.

DOR´SAL (_dorsalis_, < _dorsum_, the back), pertaining to the back,
literally on the upper side.

DOWN, fine, soft pubescence.

E or EX-, prefix signifying “destitute of,” “outside of,” or “away
from.”

EBE´NEOUS (_ebeneus_, of ebony, < _ebenus_, ebony), black like ebony.

EBUR´NEOUS (_eburneus_, of ivory, < _ebur_, ivory), ivory-white.

ECCEN´TRIC (_Gr_—out of the center), excentric.

ECH´INATE (_echinatus_, set with bristles, prickly), furnished with
stiff bristles.

ECHIN´ULATE (_echinulus_, dim. of _echinus_, a hedgehog), beset with
short bristles.

ECTO- (_Gr_—without, outside), prefix signifying “outside.”

ECTOBASID´IA (_Gr_—outside, + basidium), basidia placed on an exposed
surface; not enclosed.

EDEN´TATE (_edentatus_, toothless, pp. of _edentare_, render toothless),
without teeth.

EFFUSED´ (_effusus_, pp. _effundere_, pour out), spread over without
regular form.

EFFU´SO-REFLEXED´, effused with upper margin reflected forming a pileus.

EGG (_ovum_, an egg), a young plant before rupture of the volva in
Phalloids, Amanitas, etc.

EGUTT´ULATE, not containing guttulæ.

ELLIP´SOID (_Gr_—ellipse, + _Gr_—form), a solid figure all plane,
sections of which are ellipses or circles.

ELLIPSOI´DAL, shaped like an ellipsoid.

ELLIP´TIC, ELLIP´TICAL (_Gr_—ellipse), elongate-ovate; more than twice
as long as broad; parallel-sided in the middle and rounded at both
ends.

EMAR´GINATE (_emarginatus_, pp. _emarginare_, < _e_, out of; _margo_,
the margin), notched at the end; of gills with a sudden scoop, as if
scooped out at the point of attachment to the stem.

EMBOSSED´, in botany projecting in the center like the boss or umbo of a
round shield.

EM´BRYO, the mushroom before leaving its volva, also an early stage of
mushrooms which have no volva.

ENCRUST´ING (_incrustare_, cover with a rind or crust, < _in_, on, +
_crusta_, a crust).

ENDEM´IC (_Gr_—native), peculiar to and characteristic of a locality or
region; indigenous in some region and not elsewhere.

ENDO-, ENTO- (_Gr_—“in,” “within”), prefix signifying “within,”
“inside.”

ENDOBASID´IA (_Gr_—within, + basidium), basidia enclosed in a dehiscent
or indehiscent conceptacle.

ENDOCAU´LOUS (_Gr_—within, + _caulis_, a stalk), growing in the
substance of herbaceous stems.

EN´DOGEN (_Gr_—within, + producing). See MONOCOTYLEDON.

ENDOG´ENOUS (_Gr_—within, + _Gr_—producing, + ous), produced within
another body; of or pertaining to the class of endogens.

ENDOPERID´IUM (_Gr_—within, + peridium), inner layer of the peridium.

EN´DOPHYTE (_Gr_—within, + a plant), a plant growing within an animal or
another plant, usually as a parasite; entophyte.

EN´DOSPORE, ENDOSPO´RIUM (_Gr_—within, + _Gr_—seed), (a) the inner coat
of a spore; (b) spore which is produced within a sporangium or
spore-sac as the ascospores.

EN´SIFORM (_ensis_, a sword, + _forma_, shape), sword-shaped.

ENTIRE´ (_integer_, < _integrum_, whole), the edge quite devoid of
serrature or notch; continuous.

ENTOMOG´ENOUS (_Gr_—an insect, + produced), growing upon or in insects.

ENTOMOPH´YTOUS (_Gr_—within, + grow), growing upon or in insects.

EN´TOPHYTE, endophyte.

EPIDER´MIS (_Gr_—the outer skin), the external or outer layer of the
plant.

EPIG´ENOUS (_Gr_—growing after or late), growing upon the surface of a
part; often limited to growth upon the upper surface, in distinction
from hypogenous.

EPIGÆ´OUS, EPIGE´OUS (_Gr_—on or of the earth; on the ground), growing
on or in the ground.

EP´IPHRAGM (_Gr_—a covering; lid), a delicate membrane closing the
cup-like receptacle of the Nidulariaceæ.

EP´IPHYTAL, EPIPHYT´IC, EPIPHYT´ICAL (_Gr_—upon, + a plant), of the
nature of an epiphyte.

EP´IPHYTE (_Gr_—upon, + a plant), growing upon the outside of another
plant; either parasitic or not.

EP´ISPORE, EPISPO´RIUM (_Gr_—upon, + seed), the outer coat of a spore;
same as exosporium.

EPITHE´CIUM (_Gr_—upon, + a case), the layer sometimes formed above the
asci by the concrescent tips of the paraphyses.

EPIX´YLOUS (_Gr_—upon, + wood + ous), growing upon wood.

E´QUAL (_æqualis_, equal, like), all gills of the same, or nearly the
same, length from back to front; stem of uniform thickness.

ERO´DED (_erodere_, gnaw off), the edge ragged as if torn.

ERUM´PENT (_erumpen(t-)s_, ppr. of _erumpere_, break out), prominent;
originating beneath and bursting through the surface of the matrix.

E´TIOLATE, E´TIOLATED (_stipula_, straw), whitened, blanched by
exclusion of the sun’s rays or by disease.

EVANES´CENT (_evanescen(t-)s_, ppr. of _evanescere_, vanish away),
fleeting; vanishing; soon disappearing.

E´VEN, of a surface which is quite plane as contrasted _e. g._ with one
which is striate, pitted, etc. Distinguished from smooth. A surface
may not be smooth and yet be even.

EX-, prefix. See “E-.”

EXCEN´TRIC (_Gr_—out of the center), not central; the stems of some
mushrooms are always excentric.

EXCIP´ULUM (_excipulum_, a vessel for receiving liquids, < _excipere_,
take out, receive), outer layer of an apothecium or cup developed as
part of the receptacle.

EXO-, prefix signifying “outside.”

EX´OGEN (_Gr_—outside, + producing), a plant in which the growth of the
stem is in successive concentric layers.

EXOG´ENOUS, growing by additions on the outside; belonging to or
characteristic of the class of exogens; produced on the outside, as
the spores of hyphomycetous and many other fungi.

EXOPERID´IUM (_Gr_—outside, peridium), outer layer of the peridium.

EX´OSPORES (_exosporium_), spores which are free, not produced within a
sporangium, as basidio-spores.

EXOSPO´RIUM (_Gr_—outside, + seed), the outer coat of a spore; same as
episporium.

EXOT´IC (_exoticus_, foreign, alien), foreign, not native.

EXPAN´DED (_expandere_, pp. _expansus_, spread out, < _ex_, out, +
_pandere_, spread), spread out, as a pileus from convex to plane.

EX´PLANATE (_explanatus_, flattened, spread out), flattened, expanded;
applied usually to a part which has been rolled or folded.

EXSER´TED (_exsertus_, thrust out, pp. of _exsere_, stretch out),
projecting; standing out.

EXSICCA´TI (_exsiccatus_, pp. of _exsiccare_, dry up), dried specimens;
especially those published in sets and distributed.

FAC´ULTATIVE (_faculta(t-)s_, faculty), capability, etc., having a
faculty or power, but exercising it only occasionally or incidentally;
optional or contingent.

FAC´ULTATIVE-PAR´ASITE, an organism which normally lives throughout as a
saprophyte, but which may also go through its course either wholly or
in part as a parasite.

FAC´ULTATIVE-SAP´ROPHYTE, an organism which normally is parasitic, but
which can vegetate at certain stages as a saprophyte.

FAL´CATE, FAL´CIFORM (_falcatus_, bent, curved, hooked, sickle-shaped, <
_falx_, a sickle), hooked, curved like a scythe or sickle.

FAMILY (_familia_, household establishment, < _famulus_, a servant), a
systematic group in a scientific classification embracing a greater or
less number of genera which agree in certain characters not shared by
others of the same order.

FARC´TATE (_farctus_, < _farcio_, to stuff), stuffed; without vacuities;
opposed to fistulose.

FARINA´CEOUS (_farinaceus_, < _farina_, meal), mealy.

FAR´INOSE (_farinosus_, mealy), covered with a white mealy powder.

FAS´CIA (_fascis_, a bundle), a band or bar.

FAS´CIATE, FAS´CIATED (_fascia_, a band or girth), having broad parallel
bands or stripes; banded or compacted together; exhibiting fasciation.

FASCIA´TION (_fascia_, a band), the act or manner of binding with
fasciæ, a monstrous flattened expansion of the stem; condition of
being bound or compacted together.

FAS´CICLE, FASCIC´ULUS (_fasciculus_, a small bundle; packet, etc.), a
close cluster; a small bundle.

FASCIC´ULATE (_fasciculus_, a small bundle), growing in small bundles or
fascicles.

FASTIG´IATE (_fastigiatus_, sloping, < _fastigium_, the top of a gable,
slope), with branches erect and close together; sloping upward to a
summit, point or edge.

FAVOSE´ (_favosus_, < _favus_, a honey-comb), honey-combed; resembling a
honey-comb.

FAWN-COLOR (_cervinus_, _cervineus_), a light warm-brown color.

FERRU´GINEOUS, FERRU´GINOUS (_ferrugineus_), rust-red or the color of
iron rust.

FI´BRILLAR, FI´BRILLATE, FI´BRILLOSE, FI´BRILLOUS (_fibrilla_, a fiber),
appearing to be covered or composed of minute fibers.

FI´BROUS (_fibrosus_, < _fibra_, a fiber), clothed with small fibers.

FI´BROUS-MYCE´LIUM, FIBRILLOSE-MYCELIUM, elongated branching mycelial
strands, formed by the union of hyphæ.

FIG´URATE (_figuratus_, pp. _figuare_, < _figura_, a form, shape), of a
certain determinate form or shape.

FIL´AMENT (_filum_, thread), a separate fiber or fibril of any animal or
vegetable tissue, as a filament of silk, wool, etc.

FILAMEN´TOUS, like a thread; composed of threads or filaments.

FILAMEN´TOUS-MYCE´LIUM, FLOC´COSE-MYCE´LIUM, mycelium of free hyphæ
which are at most loosely interwoven, but without forming bodies of
definite shape and outline.

FIL´ACEOUS, FIL´IFORM (_filum_, a thread, + aceous), like a thread or
filament.

FIM´BRIATE, FIM´BRIATED (_fimbriatus_, < _fimbriæ_, a fringe), fringed;
cut jaggedly.

FIS´SILE (_fissilis_, cleft, < _fissus_, pp. _findere_, split), capable
of being split, cleft or divided in layers.

FIS´SURED (_fissura_, a cleft, chink, fissure), cleft or split.

FIS´TULAR, FIS´TULOSE (_fistularis_, like a pipe, < _fistula_, a pipe),
tubular, hollow in the center like a pipe.

FIXED, said of lamellæ or spines not readily detached from the
underlying tissue.

FLABEL´LATE, FLABEL´LIFORM (_flabellum_, a fan), fan-shaped.

FLAC´CID (_flaccidus_, flabby, pendulous), soft and limber; flabby;
without firmness or elasticity.

FLAVES´CENT (_flavescens_, ppr. _flavescere_, become yellow, < _flavus_,
yellow), yellowish or turning yellow.

FLA´VOUS (_flavus_, golden-yellow, reddish-yellow), yellow.

FLESH, inner substance of a fungus-body as distinguished from the
cortical and hymenial layers.

FLESH-COLOR (_carneus_, _incarnatus_), a pinkish-color like that
observable in the cheeks of a person of fair complexion; carnation.

FLESH´Y, succulent; composed of juicy cellular tissue.

FLEX´UOSE, FLEX´UOUS (_flexuosus_, < _flexus_, a bending, winding),
wavy.

FLOC´CI (pl. of FLOC´CUS) (_floccus_, a lock of wool), woolly locks.

FLOC´COSE (_floccosus_, < _floccus_, a lock of wool), downy, woolly;
composed of or bearing flocci.

FLOC´CULOSE (_flocculosus_, < _flocculus_, dim. of _floccus_, a lock of
wool), covered with flocci; composed of or bearing minute flocci.

FOLIA´CEOUS (_foliaceus_, leafy, of leaves, < _folium_, a leaf),
leaf-like; bearing leaves.

FO´VEATE (_foveatus_, < _fovea_, a small pit, pitfall), marked with pits
or depressions.

FOV´EOLATE (_foveolatus_, < _foveola_, dim. of _fovea_, a small pit),
marked with minute pits or depressions.

FREE, said of gills which are not attached to the stem; said of any part
not attached to another; of spores not inclosed in a special envelope.

FRILL, same as ARMILLA.

FRONT, same as ANTERIOR.

FRINGE (_fimbria_, a border), a lacerated, marginal membrane.

FRUC´TIFICATION (_fructificare_, bear fruit), reproducing power of a
plant; fruiting; also the organs concerned.

FUGA´CIOUS (_fugar_, < _fugere_, flee), fleeting, transitory; falling or
fading early.

FU´GITIVE (_fugitivus_, fleeing away; a fugitive), quickly disappearing;
evanescent.

FULIGIN´EOUS, FULIG´INOUS (_fuliginosus_), sooty-brown or dark
smoke-color.

FULVES´CENT (_fulvescens_), inclining to a fulvous color.

FUL’VOUS (_fulvus_), a rather indefinite brownish-yellow or
yellowish-brown tint, like tanned leather; tawny.

FU´MOSE, FU´MOUS (_fumosus_, full of smoke, < _fumus_, smoke, steam),
smoke-colored, fuliginous.

FUN´GOID (_fungus_, mushroom, + _Gr_—form), of, or pertaining to fungi.

FUNGOL´OGY (_fungus_, mushroom, + _Gr_—speak), mycology.

FUN´GUS (pl. FUN´GI) (_fungus_, a mushroom), a thallophyte characterized
by the absence of chlorophyl and deriving its sustenance from living
or dead organic matter.

FUNIC´ULAR (_funiculus_, a small cord), having the character of a
funicle or small cord.

FUNIC´ULATE (_funiculus_, a small cord), having a funicle.

FUNIC´ULUS (_L._—a small rope), in Nidulariaceæ the cord of hyphæ
attaching a peridiolum to the inner wall of the peridium.

FUR´CATE (_furcatus_, < _furca_, a fork), forked.

FURFURA´CEOUS (_furfuraceus_, < _furfur_, bran), with branny scales or
scurf.

FUSCES´CENT (_fuscus_, dark, dusky, + escent), somewhat fuscous.

FUS´COUS (_fuscus_, dusky), brownish in color; brown or brown tinged
with gray; dingy, not pure.

FU´SIFORM, FU´SOID (_fusus_, a spindle; _forma_, form), spindle-shaped.

GAMOGEN´ESIS (_Gr_—marriage, + generation), sexual reproduction.

GAS´TEROMYCE´TES, GAS´TROMYCE´TES (_Gr_—stomach, + mushroom), a group of
Basidiomycetes in which the hymenium is enclosed in a sack-like
envelope called the peridium.

GELAT´INOUS (_gelatinosus_, < _gelatina_, gelatine), jelly-like.

GENER´IC (_genus_, race, sort), pertaining to, of the nature of, or
forming a mark of a genus; having the rank or classificatory value of
a genus.

GENET´IC (_Gr_—generation), of or pertaining to origin or mode of
production.

GE´NUS (pl. GEN´ERA) (_L._—race, birth, origin, kind), a group of
species having one or more characteristics in common; the union of
several genera presenting the same features constitute a tribe.

GIB´BOUS (_gibbus_, hump-backed), in the form of a swelling; of a pileus
_e. g._ which is more convex or tumid on one side than the other.

GILLS, the plates of an agaric on which the hymenium is situated; the
lamellæ.

GIL´VOUS, isabelline; color of sole-leather.

GLA´BROUS (_glaber_, smooth), smooth, devoid of pubescence; a surface
may be glabrous or smooth, and not even, or vice versa.

GLAIR (_clarus_, clear), any viscous transparent substance resembling
white of an egg.

GLANDS, GLAN´DULES (_glans_, an acorn, dim. _glandula_, a gland), moist
or sticky dots resembling the glands on the epidermis of phenogams.

GLAN´DULAR, bearing glands.

GLAUCES´CENT (_glaucescen(t-)s_, < _glaucus_, silvery, gleaming),
inclining to glaucous.

GLAU´COUS (_glaucus_, silvery, gleaming), covered with a whitish-green
bloom or very fine white powder easily rubbed off. Somewhat like that
of cabbage.

GLE´BA (_gleba_, a clod), in Gastromycetes, spore-bearing tissue
composed of chambers lined with the hymenium and enclosed by the
sack-like peridium, as in puff-balls, etc.; in phalloids the peridium
or volva ruptures and the gleba is carried up on the stem-like or
clathrate receptacle.

GLO´BOSE, GLOB´ULAR, GLOB´ULOSE (_globosus_, round as a ball), nearly
spherical.

GLU´TINOSE, _Glu´tinous_ (_glutinosus_, gluey, viscous, < _gluten_,
glue), covered with a sticky exudation; viscous; glue-like.

GONID´IUM (_Gr_—generation; seed), same as conidium; also preferably
applied to the algal element of lichens.

GRAN´ULAR, GRAN´ULATE, GRAN´ULOSE (_granula_, dim. of _granum_, grain),
covered with or composed of granules.

GRAN´ULE (_granula_, dim. of _granum_, grain), a little grain; a fine
particle; a sporule found in all cryptogamic plants.

GRAY (_griseus_; _cæsius_; _cinereus_; _canus_; _leucophæus_), a color
produced by the mixture of black and white. Various shades depending
upon varying relative proportions of the components.

GREAVED (_greve_, the shin-bone), of a stem clothed like a leg in armor.

GREGA´RIOUS (_gregarius_, of a flock), of mushrooms not solitary but
growing together in numbers in the same locality; in groups but not in
a tufted manner.

GRU´MOUS (_grumosus_, < _grumus_, a little heap), clotted; of flesh _e.
g._ composed of little clustered grains.

GUT´TATE (_guttatus_, < _gutta_, a tear), marked with tear-like spots or
drops.

GUTT´ULA (pl. GUTTULÆ) (dim. of _gutta_, a drop), a small drop or
drop-like particle; the oil-globule in some spores resembling a
nucleus.

GUTT´ULATE, finely guttate; also, containing or composed of fine drops
or drop-like particles; said of spores containing an oily nucleus-like
globule or guttula.

GYMNOCAR´POUS (_Gr_—naked, _Gr_—fruit), having the hymenium exposed when
the spores are maturing.

GY´RATE, GY´ROSE (_Gr_—a circle), circling in wavy folds; having folds
resembling the convolutions of the brain.

HAB´ITAT (_habitat_, it dwells), natural abode of a vegetable species.

HAUSTO´RIUM (pl. HAUSTO´RIA) (_haustor_, a drawer, < _haurire_, pp.
_haustus_, draw), special branch of filamentous mycelium, which serves
as an organ of adhesion and suction.

HEMIANGIOCAR´POUS (_hemi_, half, + _Gr_—a vessel, a case), partly
angiocarpous as those agarics where the hymenium is at first enclosed
by a veil or otherwise and later becomes exposed.

HEPAT´IC (_hepaticus_, of the liver), pertaining to the liver, hence
liver-colored; brownish-red.

HERBIC´OLOUS, growing on herbaceous plants.

HETEROGE´NEOUS (_Gr_—one of two), of a structure which is different from
adjacent ones.

HIBERNAC´ULUM (pl. HIBERNAC´ULA) (winter residence, < _hibernare_, pass
the winter), applied to bodies which are the forms in which certain
fungi (_e. g._ Typhulæ) pass the winter.

HIRSUTE´ (_hirsutus_, rough, shaggy, bristly), hairy with stiff hairs.

HIR´TO-VER´RUCOSE, bearing hairs grouped in wart-like masses.

HIS´PID (_hispidus_, rough, shaggy, bristly), having strong hairs or
bristles; bristly.

HOAR´Y, covered with short dense grayish-white hairs; canescent.

HOLO-, (_Gr_—entire, complete in all parts), a prefix signifying entire;
whole.

HOMOGE´NEOUS (_Gr_—one and the same, + kind), similar in structure; of
the same character.

HOST, the name given to any plant or animal supporting a parasitic
fungus.

HOMOL´OGOUS (_Gr_—agreeing, correspondent), having the same relative
position, proportion, value or structure; having correspondence or
likeness.

HU´MUS (earth, ground, soil), vegetable mold; woody fiber in a state of
decay.

HY´ALINE (_Gr_—clear), colorless; transparent; clear like glass.

HYGROMET´RIC (_Gr_—wet, moist, + a measure, + ic), readily absorbing and
retaining moisture.

HYGROPH´ANOUS (_Gr_—moist; _Gr_—to show), of a watery appearance when
moist and opaque when dry.

HYGROSCOP´IC, having the property of absorbing moisture from the
atmosphere; sensitive to moisture.

HYME´NIUM (_hymenial_, belonging to the hymenium; _Gr_—a membrane), the
fruit-bearing surface; _e. g._ covering intimately each side of the
gills of an Agaric.

HY´MENOMYCE´TES (_Gr_—a mushroom, + _Gr_—a membrane), a group of
Basidiomycetes having the hymenium on the free, exposed surface of the
sporophore.

HY´MENOPHORE, HYMENOPH´ORUM (_Gr_—a membrane, + to bear), the structure
which bears the hymenium; in Agarics _e. g._ the under surface of the
pileus to which the gills are attached.

HY´PHA (pl. HY´PHÆ), the elementary filament or thread of a fungus; a
cylindric thread-like branched body developing by apical growth, and
usually becoming transversely septate.

HY´PHAL, of or pertaining to the hypha.

HYPOCRATER´IFORM (_Gr_—the stand of a crater, + _forma_, form), having
the shape of a cylindrical cup the margin of which turns outward;
salver-shaped.

HYPOGÆ´OUS, HYPOGE´AL, HYPOGE´OUS (_hypogæous_, underground),
subterranean; forming below the surface of the ground.

HYPOG´ENOUS (_Gr_—under, + produced, + ous), growing on the under
surface.

HYPOPHYL´LOUS (_foltum_, a leaf, + ous), growing on the under side of a
leaf.

HYPOTHE´CIUM (_Gr_—under, a case), layer of hyphal tissue immediately
beneath a hymenium.

IDENTIFICATION, the determination of a genus and species to which a
given specimen belongs.

IM´BRICATE, IM´BRICATED (_imbricatus_, pp. of _imbricare_, cover with
gutter tiles; form like a gutter tile), to lay or lap one over
another, like shingles.

IMMAR´GINATE (_in_, negative; _marginatus_, marginate), without a
well-defined margin.

IMMERSED´ (_immersus_, pp. of _immergere_, dip or plunge into), sunk
into the matrix; originating beneath the surface of the matrix or of
the ground; growing wholly under water.

IMPER´FORATE (_in_, not, + _perforatus_, pp. of _perforare_, perforate),
without any aperture.

INCANES´CENT (_incanescen(t-)s_, ppr. of _incanescere_, become gray or
hoary), somewhat or slightly canescent.

INCAR´NATE (_in_, in, on, + _caro_ (_carn_), flesh), flesh-colored.

INCISED´ (_incisus_, pp. _incindere_, cut into), appearing as if cut
into; having marginal slits or notches.

INCRAS´SATED (_incrassatus_, pp. of _incrassare_, < _in_, in;
_crassare_, make thick), becoming thicker by degrees, swelling or
swollen.

INCRUS´TING (_incrustare_, cover with a rind or crust, < _in_, on, +
_crusta_, a crust), forming a crust-like coating.

INDEHIS´CENT, applied to a peridium which does not open spontaneously at
maturity; the spores within it becoming freed by its decay.

INDIF´FERENT, primitive, homogenous, not developed into parts or organs
of different structure or function.

INDIG´ENOUS (_indigena_, a native), native of a country.

INDIGO BLUE, a dark blue-color like the indigo of commerce.

IN´DURATED (_induratus_, pp. of _indurare_, harden, < _in_, in, +
_durare_, harden), hardened.

INDU´SIUM (_L._—a tunic, < _induere_, put on), in certain phalloids, an
appendage or veil hanging from the apex of the stem beneath the
pileus.

INFE´RIOR (_inferior_, lower), growing below some other part; of the
ring of an Agaric which is far down on the stem.

INFLA´TED, swollen like a bladder.

INFLEXED´ (_inflexus_, pp. _inflexere_, bent), bent inward.

INFUNDIB´ULIFORM (_infundibulum_, a funnel; _forma_, form),
funnel-shaped.

INHIBIT´ION (_inhibitio(n-)_, a restraining, < _inhibere_, restrain),
the lowering of the action of a nervous mechanism by nervous impulses
reaching it from a connected mechanism.

IN´NATE (_innatus_, pp. of _innasci_, < _in_, into; _nascor_, to be
born), originating within the substance of the plant or matrix;
appearing to be within or blending with the substance of a part.

INORGAN´IC, not produced by vital processes; not organic.

ISABELLA COLOR (_alutaceus_), a light grayish-cinnamon color, or light
buff-brown.

INSER´TED (_insertus_, pp. _inserere_, to insert), growing like a graft
from its stock; attached to or growing out of some other part.

INSITI´TIOUS (_insitio_, an ingrafting, < _inserere_, pp. _insitus_, sow
or plant, ingraft), inserted.

INTER- (_L._—in the midst, between, among, during), prefix signifying
“between” or “among” or “during.”

INTER´CALARY, INTER´CALATED (_intercalatus_, pp. of _intercalare_, <
_inter_, between, + _calare_, call), interposed; inserted between.

INTERCELL´ULAR (_inter_, between, + _cellula_, cellule, + ar), situated
between the cells.

INTERRUPT´ED, said of any surface or series the continuity of which is
broken.

INTER´STICES, spaces between any surfaces or things.

INTRA- (_intra_, within), prefix signifying “within.”

INTRACELL´ULAR, situated within a cell or cells.

INTRALAM´ELLAR, situated within or between the plates of the lamellæ
(gills).

INTRAVENAL (_intra_, within, + _vena_, vein), situated or occurring
within veins.

INTRODUCED´, applied to plants brought from another country and growing
spontaneously.

INTUMES´CENT (_intumescens_, ppr. of _intumescere_, swell up), swelling
up, becoming tumid.

INVAG´INATED (_in_, in, + _vagina_, a sheath), sheathed.

IN´VOLUTE (_involutus_, pp. _involvere_, to roll up), rolled inwards.

ISABEL´LINE, of the color of soiled linen or sole leather; alutaceous;
brownish-yellow, yellowish-gray.

LA´BIATE (_labiatus_, lipped, < _labium_, lip), said of an aperture with
distinct lip-like borders.

LABYRIN´THINE, LABYRIN´THIFORM (_labyrinthus_, labyrinth), characterized
by intricate and sinuous lines; like a labyrinth.

LAC´CATE (_laccatus_, < _lacca_, lac), as if varnished or covered with a
coat like sealing wax.

LAC´ERATE, LAC´ERATED, as if torn.

LACIN´IATE (_laciniatus_, < _lacinia_, a lappet), divided into flaps;
irregularly cut into jagged edges, more regular and larger than
fimbriate.

LACTES´CENT (_lactescere_, turn to milk), milk-bearing, provided with a
milky juice.

LACU´NA (pl. LACU´NÆ) (_lacuna_, a pit, hollow, cavity, etc.), a pit or
hollow, a gap; a vacancy caused by the admission, loss or obliteration
of something necessary to continuity or completeness.

LACU´NOSE, LACU´NOUS (_lacunosus_, full of hollows, < _lacuna_, a pit),
marked with small hollows, pitted; having or full of lac.

LAMEL´LA (pl. LAMEL´LÆ) (_lamella_, a thin piece of metal, wood), a gill
or gills of mushrooms, on which the hymenium is extended.

LA´NATE (_lanatus_, woolly, < _lana_, wool), woolly; covered with a
wool-like pubescence.

LAN´CEOLATE (_lanceolatus_, < _lanceola_, a little spear), lance-shaped;
tapering to both ends.

LAT´ERAL, attached to or by one side.

LATERIC´EOUS, LATERIT´IOUS (_latericeus_, _lateritius_, consisting of
bricks, < _later_, a brick), brick-colored.

LA´TEX (_latex_, liquid; _ferre_, bear), thick milky juice.

LATICIF´EROUS (_latex_, liquid, + _ferre_, bear), applied to the tubes
containing latex, as in the Lactarii.

LAT´TICED, formed by interlacing and crossing lines or columns which
leave open spaces between.

LAVENDER (_lavendulaceus_), a very pale purplish color, paler and more
delicate than lilac.

LAX (_laxus_, loose, slack), not compact, limber, flaccid.

LEAD-COLOR (_plumbeus_), same as PLUMBEOUS.

LEMON-YELLOW (_citreus_, _citrinus_), a very pure light-yellow color,
much like gamboge, but purer and richer.

LENTIC´ULAR, LEN´TIFORM (_lenticularis_, lentil-shaped, < _lenticula_, a
lentil), shaped like a double convex lens; lentil-shaped.

LEP´IDOTE (_Gr_—scaly), scurfy with minute scales.

LEUCOS´PORÆ (_Gr_—white; _Gr_—seed), a group of fungi having white
spores, hence _leucospore_, a white spore; _leucosporous_, having
spores of a white color.

LEV´IGATE (_levigatus_, pp. of _levigare_, make smooth), having a
polished surface.

LIG´NATILE (_lignatilis_, < _lignum_, wood), growing on wood.

LIG´NEOUS (_ligneus_, wooden), of woody texture.

LIG´ULATE (_ligula_, a tongue, strap, etc., + ate), strap-shaped,
flattened like a strap.

LILAC, LILACEOUS (_lilacinus_, _lilaceus_), a light-purple color, like
the flowers of the lilac.

LIN´EAR (_linearis_, < _linea_, a line), narrow and straight, slender.

LING´UIFORM, LING´ULATE (_lingua_, tongue), tongue-shaped.

LIVID (_lividus_, black-and-blue), bluish-black, like the black and blue
of a bruise.

LOBED, LO´BATE (_Gr_—the lobe of an ear), having divisions which are
large and rounded.

LOB´ULATE, having small lobes.

LOC´ULAR, LOC´ULATE, LOC´ULOSE, LOC´ULOUS (_loculus_, a box, cell),
divided by internal partitions into loculi or cells.

LOC´ULUS (pl. LOC´ULI), a little chamber or cell.

LU´CID (_lucidus_, light, bright, clear), clear, transparent, bright.

LU´MEN (_lumen_, a window-light), the internal cavity or spaces in a
cell or any tubular organ.

LU´RID (_luridus_, pale-yellow, wan, etc.), a color between purple,
yellow and gray; livid.

LU´TEOUS (_luteus_), yellowish; more or less like buff or clay color.

LUTES´CENT (_lutescen(t-)s_, ppr. of _lutescere_, turn to mud, <
_lutum_, mud), yellowish.

MACRO- (_Gr_—long), in composition “large” or “long.”

MAC´ULATE, MAC´ULAR, MAC´ULOSE (_maculatus_, pp. of _maculare_, spot,
speckle), spotted.

MAM´MIFORM (_mamma_, a breast; _forma_, form), breast-shaped; mastoid;
teat-like.

MAR´GINAL VEIL, a horizontal membrane extending from the margin of the
pileus to the stem; found in Hymenomycetes.

MAR´GINATE, having a well-defined border.

MAROON (_atro-purpureus_, _atro-coccineus_), a rich brownish-crimson,
nearly like the pigment called purple madder; claret color.

MA´TRIX (_matrix_, a womb), the substance upon or in which a fungus
grows.

MAUVE (_malvaceus_, _malvinus_), a light tint of violet. (Aniline violet
+ white.)

MEDIAL (_medialis_, < _medius_, the middle), applied to ring when
situated about at the middle of stem.

MEDUL´LA (_medulla_, marrow, pith, kernel, < _medius_, middle), pith,
marrow, kernel; inner substance as distinguished from outer or
cortical layer or layers.

MED´ULLARY, composed of or pertaining to a medulla.

MEGA- (_Gr_—great, large), prefix signifying “great.”

MELANOS´PORÆ (_Gr_—black, —seed), a group of fungi having black spores.

MEMBRANA´CEOUS (_membranaceus_, of skin or membrane, < _membrana_, skin,
membrane), pertaining to, or of the nature of, skin, membrane;
membranaceous; thin, rather soft and pliable.

MERIS´MOID (_merisma_, from _Gr_—to divide, + —form), applied to pileus
which is subdivided into many smaller pilei; resembling a Merisma;
having a branched or laciniate pileus.

MES´OPOD (_Gr_—middle, + —foot), plant having a central stem.

MICA´CEOUS (_micaceus_, < _mica_, mica), covered with glistening
mica-like particles.

MI´CRON, MI´KRON, [Greek: m];, microscopic unit of measure; 1⁄1000 of a
millimeter; nearly .00004 inch; to convert inches to microns,
approximately, divide by .00004; represented by the Greek letter
[Greek: m], following the number.

MILLIMETER, MM. (_mille_, a thousand, + meter), the thousandth part of a
meter, equal to 0.03937 inch or nearly, 1⁄25 inch. It is denoted by
mm., as 25.4 mm. is 1 inch.

MIN´IATE (_miniatus_, pp. of _miniare_, color with red lead, < _minium_,
red lead), vermilion-colored; of a bright, vivid red color.

MI´TRATE, MIT´RIFORM (_mitra_, a miter), miter-shaped, bonnet-shaped.

MOLD, MOULD, fine soft earth; a general term to describe certain fungus
growths of a low type.

MONIL´IFORM (_monile_, necklace; _forma_, form), contracted at intervals
in the length like a string of beads.

MONOS´TICHOUS (_Gr_—single, + —a line), arranged in one row.

MON´STROUS, of unnatural formation; deviating greatly from the natural
form or structure (has no reference to size).

MORPHOLOG´IC, MORPHOLOG´ICAL, of or pertaining to morphology.

MORPHOL´OGY (_Gr_—form, + —speak), the science of organic form; the
science of of outer form and internal structure.

MOTHER-CELL, a cell from which another is derived.

MOUSE-GRAY (_murino-griseus_; _murinus_). (Lamp-black + white + sepia.)

MOV´ABLE, applied to a ring which has separated from the stem and can be
moved up and down.

MUCED´INOUS (_mucedo_, mucus), having the character of or resembling
mold or mildew.

MU´CID (_mucidus_, moldy, < _mucere_, be moldy or musty, < _mucus_,
mucus), musty, moldy, slimy.

MUCILAG´INOUS (_mucilago_, a moldy, musty juice, + ous), slimy, ropy,
slightly viscid, soft, moist.

MU´COUS (_mucosus_, slimy, < _mucus_, slime), pertaining to mucus, or
resembling it; slimy, ropy, lubricous.

MU´CRO (_L._—a sharp point, esp. of a sword), a short and abrupt point
of a leaf or other organ.

MU´CRONATE (_mucronatus_, pointed, < _mucro_, a sharp point), tipped
with an abrupt, sharp short point.

MULTI- (_multus_, much, many), in composition “many.”

MUL´TIFID (_multifidus_, many-cleft), having many divisions.

MULTIPAR´TITE (_multipartitus_, much divided), divided into many parts.

MULTISEP´TATE (as if _multiseptatus_, < _multus_, many, + _septum_, a
partition), divided by many partitions.

MU´RICATE (_muricatus_, pointed), rough with short hard points.

MURIC´ULATE (_muriculatus_, dim. of _muricatus_, pointed), finely
muricate.

MU´RIFORM (_murus_, wall, + _forma_, shape), resembling the arrangement
of the bricks in the walls of a house; said of spores having septa at
right angles to each other.

MU´RINE, MU´RINOUS (_murinus_, of a mouse), mouse-colored.

MUSH´ROOM, a cryptogamic plant of the class fungi: applied in a general
sense to almost any of the larger, conspicuous fungi, such as
toadstools, puff-balls, hydnei, etc., but more particularly to the
agaricoid fungi and especially to the edible forms.

MU´TUALISM, symbiosis of two organisms living together and mutually
helping and supporting each other.

MYC, MYCET, MYCETO, MYCO, prefix signifying “fungus.”

MYCE´LIAL, of or pertaining to mycelium.

MYCE´LIUM (_Gr_—a fungus, + an excrescence), spawn of fungi resulting
from the germination of spores; in agarics _e. g._ forming root-like
threads; the weft of threads from which the mushroom arises.

MYCE´LIOID, like mycelium.

MYC´ELOID, like a fungus.

MYCETOL´OGY (_Gr_—a fungus, + —speak), mycology.

MYCOLOG´ICAL, relating to fungi.

MYCOL´OGIST, one who is versed in mycology.

MYCOL´OGY (_Gr_—a fungus, + —speak), the science of fungi, their
structure, classification, etc.

MYCOPH´AGIST, one who eats fungi.

MYCOPH´AGY (_Gr_—a fungus, + —eat), the eating of fungi.

NA´KED, bare; without covering of any kind, as of an enveloping
membrane, pruinose, farinaceous or furfuraceous particles, tomentum,
fragments of volva or veil, etc.

NAP´IFORM (_napus_, a turnip, + _forma_, form), turnip-shaped.

NARROW, of a very slight vertical width.

NAS´CENT (_nascen(t)s_, ppr. of _nasci_, be born), in the earliest
rudimentary condition; beginning to exist or to grow.

NAT´URALIZED, said of a plant of foreign origin which thrives as if
indigenous.

NAVIC´ULAR, NAVICULOID (_navicula_, a small ship or boat), boat-shaped;
scaphoid.

NETTED, covered with projecting, reticulated lines.

NIGRES´CENT, NIG´RICANT (_nigrescen(t-)s_, ppr. of _nigrescere_, become
black, grow dark), becoming black, also blackish, dusky, fuscous.

NIT´ID, NIT´IDUS (_nitidus_, shining, bright, < _nitere_, to shine),
lustrous, shining, polished.

NI´VEOUS (_niveus_, snowy, < _nix_, snow), snow-white.

NOD´ULE (_nodulus_, a little knot, dim. of _nodus_, a knot), a little
knot or lump.

NOD´ULOSE, NOD´ULOUS (_nodulosus_, < _nodulus_, a little knot), having
little swellings, knotty.

NON-, not; prefix giving a negative sense to words.

NU´CLEATE, NU´CLEATED (_nucleatus_, having a kernel), having a nucleus
or nuclei.

NUCLE´OLUS (pl. NUCLEI) (_nucleolus_, dim. of _nucleus_, a little nut),
sharply defined point often seen in the nucleus.

NU´CLEUS (pl. NU´CLEI) (_nucleus_, a little nut, kernel, stone of a
fruit); the central, highly differentiated mass of protoplasm in a
spore or other cells of a fungus, controlling cell division and
reproduction, functionally the most important portion of a cell, for
in it the process of cell division begins; sometimes improperly
applied to the oil globules or guttulæ and the vacuoles within some
spores.

OB-, in composition “inversely.”

OBCLA´VATE (as if _obclavatus_, < _ob_, from; _clava_, a club),
inversely club-shaped.

OBCON´IC, OBCON´ICAL (_ob_; _conus_, a cone), inversely conical.

OBCOR´DATE (_ob_; _cordatus_, heart-shaped), like an inverted heart.

OBESE´ (_obesus_, fat), stout, plump.

OB´LIGATE-PARASITE, can only grow as a parasite; see facultative
parasite.

OB´LIGATE-SAPROPHYTE, can only grow as a saprophyte. See FACULTATIVE
SAPROPHYTE.

OB´LONG, two or three times longer than broad, with nearly parallel
sides.

OBO´VATE, inversely ovate, having the broad end upward or toward the
apex.

OBPYR´IFORM (_ob_ + _pyriform_, pear-shaped), inversely pear-shaped.

OB´SOLETE, indistinct, very imperfectly developed; hardly perceptible.

OBTUSE´, blunt or rounded.

OCHRA´CEOUS, O´CHEROUS, O´CHREOUS, O´CHROID, O´CHRY, O´CHROUS, O´CHERY
(_ochre_, ocher, + aceous), ocher-yellow; brownish-yellow.

OCHRA´CEOUS-RUFOUS (_ochraceo-rufus_). (Yellow ocher + burnt sienna +
light red.)

OCHRE YELLOW (_ochraceo-flavus_). The color of the pigment called yellow
ocher.

OCHROS´PORÆ (_Gr_—pale yellow), a group of fungi having ocher or
brown-colored spores.

OLEAG´INOUS (_oleum_, oil), oily or oil-like.

OLIVA´CEOUS, OLIVE (_olivaceus_, _olivinus_), a greenish-brown color
like that of olives (Sepia + light zinnober-green.)

OLIVE-BUFF (_olivaceo-luteus_). (Yellow ocher + cobalt-blue + white.)

OLIVE-GREEN (_olivaceo-viridis_), a peculiar color, produced by the
mixture of yellow and gray, resulting in a tint somewhat between olive
and dull yellowish-green.

OLIVE-YELLOW (_olivaceo-flavus_). (Light-cadmium + black + white.)

OPAQUE´, OPAKE´, mostly used in the sense of dull, not shining.

OPER´CULUM (_operculum_, a lid, cover, < _operire_, cover, shut,
conceal), a lid-like cover.

ORANGE (_aurantius_), a deep reddish-yellow like the rind of an orange.

ORANGE-RUFOUS (_aurantio-rufus_). (Neutral-orange or cadmium-orange +
light-red.)

ORANGE-YELLOW (_aurantio-flavus_), a color intermediate between orange
and yellow.

ORBIC´ULAR (_orbicularis_, < _orbiculus_, a little disk), having the
form of an orb; having the shape of a flat body nearly circular in
outline.

ORDER, the most important unit of classification above the genus.

ORGAN´IC, pertaining to either living or dead animal or vegetable
organism.

OS´MOSE (_osmosis_, thrust, push, impel), the impulse or tendency of
fluids to pass through membranes and mix or become diffused through
each other.

OSMO´SIS (_Gr_—impulsion, pushing), the diffusion of fluids through
membranes; see osmose.

OSMOT´IC, of or pertaining to or characterized by osmose.

OS´TIOLE, OSTI´OLUM (_ostiolum_, a little door), mouth of the
perithecium; orifice through which the spores are discharged.

O´VATE (_ovatus_, egg-shaped), egg-shaped; having a figure the shape of
a longitudinal section of an egg.

O´VOID (_ovum_, egg, + _Gr_—form), egg-shaped; used to describe solids.

PALES´CENT, inclining to paleness; becoming pallid.

PAL´LID, pale, undecided color.

PAL´UDINE, PALU´DINOUS, PAL´UDOSE, PALUS´TRINE (_palus_ (_palud-_), a
swamp), growing in marshes or swamps.

PAPIL´IONA´CEOUS (_papilio(n-)_, butterfly), variegated; mottled; marked
with different colors; as the lamellæ of some species of Panæolus
mottled with black spores.

PAPIL´LA (pl. PAPIL´LÆ) (_papilla_, a nipple, a teat, also a bud,
pimple, dim. of _papula_, a pustule), a small nipple-shaped elevation.

PAP´ILLATE (_papillatus_, < _papilla_, a nipple), furnished with one or
more nipple-like elevations.

PAPIL´LIFORM, PAPIL´LÆFORM, shaped like a papilla.

PAPYRA´CEOUS (_papyraceus_, < _papyrus_, paper), parchment; resembling
the material covering a hornet’s nest; pergamentous.

PARAPH´YSIS (pl. PARAPH´YSES) (_Gr_—an off-shoot), slender, thread-like
bodies growing with the asci; sterile cells usually club-shaped found
with the reproductive cells of some plants.

PAR´ASITE (_Gr_—one who eats at another’s table, a guest), a plant
growing on or in another living body from which it derives all or part
of its nourishment.

PARASIT´IC, growing on and deriving support from another plant.

PAREN´CHYMA (_Gr_—the peculiar tissue of the lungs, liver, kidney and
spleen), the fundamental cellular tissue of plants composed of thin
walled, approximately isodiametric cells; absent in fungi. See
PSEUDOPARENCHYMA and PROSENCHYMA.

PARENCHYM´ATOUS, pertaining to, containing, consisting of or resembling
parenchyma.

PA´RIES (pl. PARI´ETIES), wall of a cavity or capsule.

PARI´ETAL (_parietalis_, belonging to walls, < _paries_ (_pariet-_), a
wall), pertaining to or arising from a wall.

PAR´TIAL (_partialis_, divisible, solitary, < _pars_, a part),
secondary; of a veil clothing the stem and reaching to the edge of the
pileus, but not extending beyond it; marginal.

PAT´ELLATE (_patella_, a small pan or dish, a plate), shaped like a
dish.

PATELL´IFORM (_patella_, a pan, dish; _forma_, form), having the shape
of a patella or knee pan.

PATENT (_paten(t)s_, ppr. _patere_, lie open), spreading, diverging
widely.

PEA GREEN, a pale, dull green color like the color of green pea pods.

PEARL BLUE, a very pale, purplish-blue color.

PEARL GRAY (_margaritaceus_), a very pale, delicate, blue-gray color.

PEC´TINATE (_pectinatus_, comb-like, pp. _pectinare_, < _pecten_, a
comb), with narrow teeth, arranged as in a comb.

PED´ICEL (_pediculus_, a little foot), foot stalk; any short, very
small, stem-like stalk.

PED´ICELLATE (_pedicellus_, dim. of _pediculus_, a little foot), having
a pedicel or little foot stalk.

PEL´LICLE (_pellicula_, a small skin, dim. of _pellis_, skin), a little
or thin skin, a cuticle; same as cortical layer and cuticle.

PELLIC´ULOSE (_pelliculosus_, < _pellicula_, dim. of _pellis_, skin),
furnished with a pellicle or distinct skin.

PELLU´CID (_pellucidus_, _perlucidus_, transparent, < _pellucere_,
_perlucere_, shine through, be transparent), admitting the passage of
light, transparent, translucent.

PEL´TATE (_peltatus_, armed with a light shield, < _pelta_, a light
shield), formed like a shield and fixed to the stalk by the center, or
by some point distinctly within the margin.

PEN´CILED (_pencillum_, a painter’s brush), marked with fine lines; with
pencil-like hairs either on the tip or border.

PEN´DULOUS, hanging down.

PEN´ICILLATE (_penicillus_, a pencil), pencil-shaped; having a tuft of
short hairs resembling a camel’s-hair brush.

PEREN´NIAL (_perennis_, lasting the year through, < _per_, through, +
_annus_, year), continuing growth from year to year.

PERGAME´NEOUS (_pergamena_, parchment, + eous), like parchment.

PERICLI´NAL (_Gr_—sloping on all sides + al), said of wall cells or any
lines when parallel with the outer surface.

PERIDI´OLUM (dim. of peridium), a secondary or interior peridium
containing a hymenium.

PERID´IUM (pl. PERID´IA) (_Gr_—a pouch, wallet), the outer enveloping
coat of the sporophore in angiocarpous fungi, as in puff-balls.

PERIPH´ERAL, of, belonging to or situated on the periphery.

PERIPH´ERY (_peripheria_, the line around a circle, circumference, part
of a circle), the exterior surface of any body.

PER´ISTOME (_peristomium_, around a mouth), toothed or variously shaped
ring around the mouth or orifice for discharge of spores in a
peridium.

PERITHE´CIUM (pl. PERITHE´CIA) (_Gr_—a lid), cup-shaped ascocarp with
the margin incurved so as to form a narrow, mouthed cavity; the case
or hollow shell which contains the spores.

PER´ONATE (_peronatus_, < _pero_, a kind of high boot), sheathed,
booted; said of the stem when it has a boot-like or stocking-like
covering.

PERSIS´TENT, enduring, continuing without withering, decaying or falling
off.

PER´SONATE (_personatus_, masked, < _persona_, mask), masked or
disguised in any way.

PER´VIOUS (_pervius_, passable; < _per_, through; _via_, a way), having
an open tube-like passage.

PEZI´ZOID, resembling a Peziza.

PI´LEATE (_pileatus_, capped, bonneted), having a cap or pileus.

PILE´OLUS (pl. PILEOLI) (_pileolus_, dim. of _pileus_, a hat), secondary
pileus, arising from the division of a primary pileus; a little
pileus.

PI´LEUS (pl. PI´LEI) (_pileus_, a hat), a part of the receptacle of a
fungus, _e. g._ the cap-like heads of agarics; it may be stipitate,
sessile, dimidiate, regular or irregular in form.

PILIF´EROUS, PILIG´EROUS, PI´LOSE, PI´LOUS (_pilus_, hair, + _ferre_,
bear), covered with hair, especially with fine or soft hair.

PI´LOSE (_pilosus_, < _pilus_, a hair), covered with hairs; furry.

PINK (_caryophyllaceus_), a dilute, rose-red color.

PINKISH-BUFF (_caryophyllaceo-luteus_). (Yellow-ocher + light-red +
white.)

PINKISH-VINACEOUS (_caryophyllaceo-vinaceus_). (Indian-red + white.)

PIP-SHAPED, the shape of an apple seed.

PI´SIFORM (_pisum_, a pea, + _forma_, form), pea-shaped.

PITH (pit, marrow, kernel), central stuffing in some stems.

PITS (_puteus_, a well, a pit), depressions in tubes or cells resembling
pores; applied also to hollow depressions in the surface of the cap of
the Morell.

PIT´TED, covered with pits or small depressions.

PLACEN´TIFORM (_placenta_, placenta, + _forma_, form), in the form of a
thickened circular disk depressed in the middle, both above and below.

PLANE, having a flat surface.

PLI´CATE (_plicatus_, fold, bend), folded like a fan; plaited.

PLUM´BEOUS (_plumbeus_), a deep, bluish-gray color like tarnished lead;
lead-color. (Lamp-black + intense blue + white.)

PLU´MOSE, PLU´MOUS (_plumosus_, full of feathers or down), feathery or
feathered.

PLURI-, prefixed has the significance of “many.”

PNEUMOGAS´TRIC (_Gr_—lung, + —stomach), pertaining to the lungs and
stomach, or to the functions of respiration and digestion; in anatomy
noting several nervous structures.

POC´ULIFORM (_poculum_, cup, + _forma_, form), cup-shaped.

POLY-, a prefix meaning “many.”

POLYG´ONAL, having many angles.

POLYMOR´PHISM, POL´YMORPHY, existence in or exhibition by the same
species or group of different types of structure.

POLYMOR´PHOUS (_Gr_—multiform, manifold), varying much in appearance,
form or structure in the same species or group; characterized by
polymorphism.

POLYS´TICHOUS (_Gr_—many, +—row, line), arranged in many rows.

PORE (_porus_, a pore), in Pyrenomycetes same as ostiole; in
Hymenomycetes same as tubulus or tube, as the tubules of Polypores;
also the mouth of a tubulus.

PO´RIFORM (_porus_, a pore; _forma_, form), in the form of pores.

PO´ROSE, PO´ROUS (_porosus_, < _porus_, a pore), furnished with pores or
tubules; pierced with small holes.

PORPHYROS´PORE (_Gr_—purple, +—seed), a group of fungi having purple
spores.