Chapter XXII: Part 22

Aníslimen, Merábetín or Tolba, peaceable tribes of the Kél-owí, i. 322 (compare 321, _n._). Of the Awelímmiden, v. 558. Of the Íregenáten, 562. _See_ Merábetín.

Ánnur, chief of Tintéllust, sends us an escort, i. 326. Interview with him, 360. His character, 361; ii. 2. Parting with, ii. 1. Visit him at his estate, 21.

Ánnur karamí, a relation of the former, i. 255. His lodgings at Ágades, 413.

Ant-hills of immense size, iii. 362. Indicating the neighbourhood of a river, ii. 463.

Antilope, different species, Búbalis, i. 263; v. 424. A. Addax, ii. 224. A. Leucoryx, i. 520; bucklers made from its skin, 521; its meat, 528. A. Oryx, iii. 357; iv. 20. A. Soemmeringii, ii. 224; iii. 328. Other species, ii. 325.

Ants, serious attack of black, iii. 393. Battle between red and white, 399. Winged, 4. White, on the Niger, v. 150, _note_, 284. Northern limit of, i. 540; v. 414. Abundance of ants in Kátsena, iv. 97.

Arab or Moorish tribes of the western part of the desert, list of, v. 525.

Arabs, native Arabs, or Shúwa, of Bórnu, and neighbouring countries, ii. 355. Early settlements in Kánem, iii. 545. Chiefs of, 521. Their intercourse with the Fulbe, 369.

Arama, _see_ Rumá.

Arborescent Euphorbiaceæ, iii. 267.

Archer, mounted, rare, ii. 232. In Fógha, iv. 231.

Architecture of Ágades, i. 442, 446. Of Kanó, ii. 123. Of dwellings in Saráwu, 439. In Múbi, 527. Of the Músgu tribe, iii. 248. Of palaces in Logón, 287, 289. In Más-eña, 389. Of dwellings in Másina, iv. 253, 254. In Namantúgu, iv. 276, 277; in Tinge, 311. In Timbúktu, 449. Insecurity of clay-houses, iii. 392. More solid architecture in former times, ii. 226. iii. 226, 389. Songhay and Háusa architecture, v. 281.

Argúngo, residence of rebel chief of Kébbi, iv. 201.

Áribínda, town of, and its inhabitants, iv. 306.

Áribínda, meaning southern bank of Niger, iv. 307; v. _passim_.

Arókam valley described, i. 268.

Asába mountainous district, v. 517.

Ásada, valley of Aïr, described, i. 383.

Ásben, or Aïr, first view of, i. 279. Nature of the country, 304. Mountains of, 308. Forms of name, 308, _n._

Asclepias gigantea, enormous specimens, i. 254, 320. Usefulness of, 541. Bears testimony to the fertility of the soil, 393. Wide extent, ii. 197, 319, 320, _passim_. Its monotonous character, ii. 180. Characteristic of the neighbourhood of Kúkawa, ii. 548.

Asér village, near Sansándi, v. 482.

Aséttere valley, i. 270.

Ásfer, singular food of this bird, i. 135.

Asfúra valley, iii. 90.

Áshenúmma and its inhabitants, v. 430. Dried fish the best medium of commerce at, 433.

Asïu, or Asëu, well, importance of, i. 280, 562.

Áskíá, Mohammed ben Abú Bakr, king of Songhay, his greatness, iv. 414. His rise, reign, and death, 596-605. Compare i. 459.

Ásodi, description of the town, i. 375.

Asses, usual beasts of burden of Gúro travellers, iv. 263; compare v. 27. Excellent breed in Aïr, i. 371; in Dar-Fúr, ii. 367; in Mósi, v. 27. Plenty of, on the Niger, v. 108, 177.

Ásu town, iii. 461. Not name of river, 462.

Aswánek tribe, sections of, v. 504.

Átar, town of Áderér, v. 537.

Alantíka mount, highest mountain of my route, ii. 465.

Aúdaghost, notice of, i. 458; iv. 580, 582.

Aúderas, beautiful valley of Aïr, described, i. 387.

Áussa district, towns in, v. 479.

Aússa, general term for north bank of Niger, ii. 70; v. _passim_.

Auyók territory described, iv. 43.

Áwáb, chief of the Tin-ger-égedesh, interview and religious discussion with, iv. 427. His account of Mungo Park, 505.

Awelímmiden, origin, iv. 626. Sections and families of, v. 552. Peaceable tribes of, 558.

Ayóru, village and inhabitants, v. 261.

Ayú, or Manatus, found in the Bénuwé, ii. 507; in the Shári, iii. 325; in lake Débu, v. 472; and in the Niger in general, 103.

Ázawád, district north of Timbúktu, and adjoining districts, notice of, v. 459.

Ázawágh, district on the Niger, v. 459.

Ázemay, village on Niger, and its inhabitants, v. 279.

Azkár, tribe of Imóshagh, historical notices of the, i. 228.

Babáliyá, town of Bagírmi, notice of, iii. 616. Condition of treaty with regard to, 520.

Bábir tribe, notice of the, ii. 404.

Báchikám, branch of Shári, great breadth, iii. 400. Upwards, places along the, 590. Downwards from Más-eñá to Músgu, 603.

Badamúni, or Gadabúni, fresh and natron lakes, iv. 69, 72. Village described, 70.

Badaníjo, village of Ádamáwa, described, ii. 435.

Badaráwa, walled town of Zánfara, with a considerable market, iv. 125.

Badda-badda, walled town of Kebbi, iv. 206.

Bága, remarkable architecture described, iii. 248.

Bágelé, mount of Ádamáwa, ii. 478. Hamlets of, 499, _note_.

Bághena, identity with part of the ancient Ghánata, Arab tribes in, v. 525. Present state and historical notices of, 500.

Baghzen mount, i. 378, 513.

Bagírmi, description of the natives, iii. 344. Females, 395. Historical survey of, 425. When first mentioned, 505. General character of, 445-449. Arms, language, and dress, 450. Government, 452.

Bagma village described, ii. 422.

Bahr el Ghazál, large valley east of Tsád, described, iii. 487.

Bákada village and inhabitants, iii. 337, 358.

Bakáy, _see_ Sheikh Sídí Áhmed.

Balanites Ægyptiaca, northern limit of, i. 265, 508. Wide range over Negroland, ii. 206. Name in Ádamáwa, 506. Fruit of much value in Bórnu, 314. In Bagirmi, iii. 449. Bread made from the fruit of, 386. Leaves used likewise, 353, 449. Fine specimens on Niger, v. 267, 272. In Timbúktu, iv. 475.

Bamba, or Kasbah, town on the Niger, and inhabitants, v. 158.

Bámbara town and inhabitants, iv. 354-365.

Bámbara, country, present ruler, iv. 469.

Bamúrna valley, with sugar plantation, iv. 171.

Bánal, mountainous district of Bagírmi, and inhabitants, iii. 611.

Bánam and its inhabitants, iii. 609.

Banana (_Musa Paradisiaca_), ii. 84. Common in the southern provinces, 506, 579; iv. 196.

Banáy village, iv. 384.

Bandégo village of Ádamáwa, ii. 218.

Baobab, _see_ Adansonia.

Bárakat, town and inhabitants, i. 242. Vicinity described, 244.

Baratáwa village, fine tamarind trees near, iv. 64.

Bárea village of Músgu country, iii. 188.

Bargu or Barba country, north of Yóruba, iv. 600.

Barley cultivated on the Niger, v. 158.

Barno locality on Niger described, v. 227.

Barth, Dr., his previous travels in Barbary, vol. i. p. vii. Course of his studies, ii. 467. Volunteers to accompany Mr. Richardson in the exploration of Central Africa, vol. i. p. ix. Joins the expedition at Tunis, 1. Arrival at Tripoli, 15. Residence at and excursions round, 17-84. Journey across the desert, 85, _seq._ Residence at Múrzuk, 164-170. Departure from Múrzuk, 173. Negotiation with Tawárek chiefs, 181-183. Joins the caravan, 188. Astray in the desert, 214-220. Arrival at Ghát, 221. Departure for the open desert, 241. Joins the Kél-owí caravan, 247. Reaches the Tinýlkum caravan, 272. Alarms from Tawárek freebooters, 282-307. Attacked and pillaged by the Merábetín, 313-317. Endangered by a desert torrent, 324. Arrival of escort from Ánnur, 326. Arrival at Tintéllust, 334. Residence in Tintéllust, 360-369. Nocturnal attack, 364. Journey to Ágades, 370-396. Residence at Ágades, 397-457. Interview with the sultan, 400. Receives letters of protection, 436. Residence in Tin-Téggana, 486-499. Religious conversation with Ánnur, 493. Joins the salt-caravan, 500.

Parting with Mr. Richardson, ii. 1. Interview with the governor of Kátsena, 49. Theological discussion with Bel-Ghét, 62. Departure from Kátsena, 84. Residence in Kanó, 97-147. Severe attack of fever, 101. Audiences with the ghaladíma, and governor 104-106. Sets out from Kanó alone, 148. Joins the sheríf ʿAbd-el-Khafíf, 155. Interview with ghaladíma ʿOmár, 193. Enters Bórnu, 201. News of Mr. Richardson’s death, 203. Visit to his grave, 218. Interview with the governor of Dúchi, 235. Arrival at Kúkawa, 243. Servants and debts of the mission, 244. Interviews with the vizier, 247. Amicable arrangements, 250. Debts of the mission discharged, 297. Expedition to Lake Tsád, 319-337. Meeting with Mr. Overweg near Kalíluwá, 342. Departure from Kúkawa, 351. Journey to Yóla, 353-484. Interview with the governor, 490. Anxiety and sickness, 495. Mission repulsed, 496. Return from Ádamáwa to Kúkawa, 515-549. Interview with the vizier, 550.

Expedition to Kánem, iii. 23-117. Joins a band of the Welád Slimán, 61. Interview with the sheikh of that tribe, 66. Camp taken, 103. Continued illness, 90-112. Return to Kúkawa, 116. Accompanies the expedition against Mándará, 118-259. Discussion on slavery with the vizier, 131-135. Cut off from the army, 191-193. Return to Kúkawa, 258. Journey to Bagírmi, 260-369. Stopped at the Shárí river, 314. Succeeds in crossing, 320. Residence at Mélé, 325. Laid in irons, 364. Proceeds to Más-eñá, 368. Interview with the lieutenant-governor, 371. Becomes a retail dealer, 380. Arrival of letters and supplies, 406. Audience with the sultan, 412. Departure from Más-eñá, 424. Arrival at Kúkawa, 470. Treaty of commerce signed by the sultan, 472. Death of Mr. Overweg, 477.

Parting interview with the Sheikh ʿOmár, iv. 4. Departure for Timbúktu, 6. Enters the Komádugu of Bórnu, 18. Reaches the mountainous province of Múniyó, 42. Interview with the governor, 53. Visit to the natron lake, 66. Arrival of pecuniary supplies, 81. Interview with the governor of Kátsena, 97. Discussion on polygamy with ʿAbd-e’-Rahmán, 102. Journey from Kátsena to Sókoto, 105, _seq._ Interview with ʿAlíyu, 132-188. Letter of franchise, 139. Residence in Wurnó, 143-188. Arrival at Gando, 194. Transactions with the sultan, 198-200. Unsafe journey through Kebbi, 204-240. First sight of the Niger, 240. El Waláti, specimen of a Moorish character, 282. Stay in Libtáko, 286-298. Transactions with the Tawárek, 338-347. Interview with the emír of Sarayámo, 373. Embarks on a creek of the Niger, 377. Interview with Sídi Álawáte in Kábara, 401. Arrival at Timbúktu, 405. Religious discussion with Sídi Álawáte, 445. Attack of fever, 444-450. First interview with Sheikh el Bakáy, 453-457. Unsettled residence in Timbúktu, 458, _seq._ Dangerous situation, 491. Interview and religious discussion with Áwáb, 497. His account of Mungo Park, 505. Religious discussion with Sheikh el Bakáy, 510.

Discussion on the relation of Christ and Mohammed, v. 4. On the prophets, “Who is a Moslim?” 63. Forced to leave the town, 70. Political meeting, 79. Departure from Timbúktu, 94. Retrograde movement, 111. Final departure, 141. Enters the desert, 166. Arrival at Gógó, 215. Parting with El Bakáy, 239. Travels along the south-western bank of the Niger, 240-294. An alarming adventure, 285. Second residence in Say, 295. Interview with the governor, 295. Arrival at Támkala and interview with the governor, 304. Attack of dysentery at Wurnó, 336. Interviews with ʿAlíyu, 336, 343. Second residence in Kanó, 358. Pecuniary difficulties, 366. Meeting with Mr. Vogel, 381. Last residence in Kúkawa, 391. Arrangements with Mr. Vogel, 394. Attack of rheumatism, 398. Difficulties and delays, 403. Traverses the desert with a small Tebu caravan, 408-444. Stopped by Arabs, 449. Arrival at Tripoli, 451. Arrival in London, 452.

Báruwa or Bárruwa town and vicinity, iii. 42, v. 410.

Basengíddi village, v. 514.

Basikúnnu town and inhabitants, v. 482.

Basikúnnu and Yá-saláme, list of places between, v. 481.

Bat-há large valley and river of Wádái, iii. 537, 564. _seq._

Batta tribe in Ádamáwa, ii. 511.

Báure, a species of ficus, large specimen, i. 392. Poorer specimens, iv. 64.

Baúshi trees, ii. 12.

Báya and its inhabitants, ii. 613.

Beans, cultivation of, ii. 310; iv. 29, _passim_.

Bean-tressels excellent food for camels, iv. 89.

Béchi town and neighbourhood, ii. 92.

Bedánga and its inhabitants, iii. 594, 608.

Bedde territory and its inhabitants described, iv. 33.

Bedstead, kind of, necessary for an African traveller, ii. 8. Curious bedsteads in Ágades, i. 442.

Beehives, ii. 91. Underground, 377.

Bees, dangerous attack by, iii. 240.

Bégúngu island, in the Niger, v. 289.

Belánde village, v. 311.

Belang, important town of Gurma, iv. 560.

Bélem, residence of Mʿallem Delíl, town and its inhabitants, ii. 451, 523.

Bello, sultan, character, iv. 513. Notice of his work, 187.

Belússa important town, of Mósi, iv. 563.

Bení Ulíd, troublesome place, v. 451.

Bennanába, or Benába, chief town of Gurma, meaning of name, iv. 559.

Benón, camp where Park was kept a prisoner, v. 491.

Bentang tree, _see_ Silk cotton tree.

Bénuwé river, ii. 464, 517. The great arm of the Kwára, 467. Period of rising and falling, 475. Its importance for the intercourse with the interior, ii. 348; iii. 132, 134.

Benzári, town of Manga, ii. 175.

Bérabísh (_sing._ Berbúshi) tribe, sections of, in Ázawád, v. 464. Their hostility towards me, 491, 505. Chief of Bérabísh murderer of Major Laing, iv. 500. Death of his son, 509.

Berber population, historical notices of, i. 223. Licentious manners of frontier tribes, 288; v. 190.

Berbéruwá well of Manga country, iv. 43.

Berí village and inhabitants, iii. 50. Route to from Ngégimi, 52, _note_. Former importance, 500, _seq._

Bernínkoró, Bámbara village, v. 499.

Beshér villages and well near Kúkawa, ii. 242.

Betéhá valley of Wádái, principal villages along the, iii. 578.

Béting district, character of the Niger in, v. 254.

Bú el Hamésh, well of Kánem, iii. 108.

Birchi village, v. 355.

Birmenáwa town, ii. 164; v. 373.

Birni, or Ghasr-éggomo, the old capital of Bórnu, founded by whom, ii. 644. Description of its ruins, iv. 50.

Bírni town on Niger and inhabitants, v. 287.

Bírni-n-Débe, site of and forest scenery, iv. 223.

Bírni-n-Kebbi and its inhabitants, iv. 212; v. 322. N.B. Other names beginning with the term Birni look for under the second part of the name.

Bitinkóbe tribe, v. 289.

Bizúggu town, iv. 554.

Blacksmiths of the Tawárek, i. 373. Blacksmith’s workshop described, ii. 376.

Boats on the Tsád, ii. 327, on the Shári, iii. 293, 297, of the Musgu, 220, on the Bénuwé, ii. 469, on the Niger iv. 242, 362; v. 276. Represented in Pl. iv. 391, 395.

Bodinga town and market, v. 333.

Bóghel valley, its picturesque and rich character, i. 395.

Bógo village, iii. 186.

Bokhári, governor of Khadéja, his expedition against Khadéja, his success, and what use he made of it, ii. 175; v. 350.

Bokhári, learned man of Sókoto, iv. 528.

Bokhári, a learned man of Gando, iv. 200.

Bóne village, iv. 336.

Bongesémba village, on the Upper Niger or Dhiúliba, different quality of the water of the two branches of the river at, v. 477.

Books should be sent out to Central Africa, v. 43. Manuscript books in Bagírmi, iii. 373.

Bóre town, v. 466.

Bórnu, general character of history of, ii. 253. Form of government, 270, 648. Friends and instructors in, 283-290.

Bórnu, chronological table of events and list of kings of, ii. 633.

Bórnu army, appearance of, iii. 165. Detachments composing the cavalry of, in the expedition to Músgu, 521.

Bórnu proper, boundaries of, ii. 201.

Bornu-Gungu, or Barnu-Gungu, island in the Niger, scenery round, v. 242.

Borzári, town of Bórnu, iv. 32.

Bóse village and inhabitants, v. 281.

Bosebángo village and inhabitants, iv. 267-271.

Bot-hádíye post on the Senegal, v. 500. Compare 670, _n._

Bread of Magáriá, i. 522. Of balanites, iii. 386.

Búdduma, islanders of the Tsád identical with the Yédiná, ii. 324. Their character, 324. Their canoes, 327. Overweg’s visit to their islands, iii. 8.

Búgarí village, iii. 317; described, 334.

Búggoma river, iv. 303.

Búgla well, v. 489.

Búgomán town on Shárí, iii. 331.

Bulála, dynasty of, identical with Gaöga, iii. 427. Divisions of the, 586.

Bullock-riding, attempt at, i. 371. Excellent bullocks in Aír, 377; ii. 5. The bullock the native beast of burden, ii. _passim_.

Bulls used by the ancient kings of Fezzán for drawing their chariots sculptures confirmatory of, i. 199.

Búnday mountain range, i. 377.

Búndi town, ii. 195; v. 380.

Bundóre village, dye-pits at, iv. 272

Búne, Old and New, iv. 47.

“Búne Kayérde Sʿaíd” village and meaning of name, v. 387.

Búnka town and its inhabitants, iv. 118; v. 351.

Búrj el Melha, a ruined castle, i. 13.

Búrgu or Burku, interesting country, ii. 27, 493.

Burre hamlet, rocky character of the Niger near, v. 251.

Burrum, or Bahr el Ghazál stations along, iii. 490.

Bússumo town, iv. 561.

Butter, fresh, not to be got in Bórnu, nor in Negroland in general, ii. 230; iv. 125.

Butter-tree, Bassia butyracea (kadeña, tóso), in Kátsena, ii. 84, 87; iv. 107. Ádamáwa, ii. 387, 408, 434. In great numbers on Niger, iv. 385; v. 282.

Búwa tribe, divisions, iii. 593.

Búwa-Dasár tribe, iii. 614.

Býrgu, nourishing grass in Niger, v. 152, 156. Honey prepared from, 165.

Caillié, Réné, the traveller, iv. 387, 455.

Camel, the, not indigenous in Africa, i. 200. Prices of, in Bórnu, ii. 315. Camels of Bórnu, iii. 194. Camels of the desert not accustomed to the food near the river, v. 190.

Camel races, i. 329.

Canoes on the Bénuwé, ii. 469. See Boats.

Capparis sodata, uses of, i. 295. Wide extent of, 295, 320; v. 96, 143, 251. In the Burrum, iii. 491. Berries of, i. 295; v. 146.

Caravan trade of Timbúktu with Morocco, v. 32.

Caravans avoid the villages bordering the desert, i. 122.

Castle of the Prophetess, a Roman ruin at El Jem. i. 3.

Cattle, horned, indigenous or imported, iii. 235. Introduced into many districts by the Fúlbe.

Champagóre, town and residence of Galaijo, described, iv. 253.

Champaláwel town, iv. 261.

Cheréka mount, i. 375.

Chifówa town described, ii. 178.

Chíre described, iii. 599.

Civilisation, false, its influence in furthering the slave trade, iii. 133. Of Negroland, only means of, 365.

Clapperton, Captain, probable cause of his death, iv. 178. His great merit as a traveller, 169.

Clay the chief food of the Dingding tribe, ii. 625. Clay-houses, insecurity of, iii. 392.

Cocks used in deciding law suits by wager of battle, ii. 535.

Commerce of Libtáko, iv. 288. Of Timbúktu, iv. 615; v. 17. Of Kanó, ii. 125, _seq._ Of Kúkawa, 307, _seq._ Of Wádáy, iii. 556.

Corchorus olitorius, common vegetable in Ágades, i. 405. In Bórnu, ii. 67, 180. In Bagírmi, iii. 421. In the desert, v. 429.

Costume of Démmo chiefs, iii. 206.

Cotton cultivated from Bagírmi to Timbúktu, Preface, p. xx. Best cotton near lakes and rivers, iii. 142. In Bagírmi cultivated in ridges, iii. 339. Chiefly cultivated by Bórnu people, iii. 448. The wealth of Díkowa, iii. 139, 268. On Niger, v. 286, 289. The staple in market of Badaráwa, iv. 125. Cotton extensively manufactured in Kanó, ii. 125. From the 11th century in Silla, v. 30. Celebrated in Korórofa, ii. 579. In Kong, iv. 557. In Zágha, v. 475.

Cotton-fields, general neglected appearance, iii. 142. Well kept, iv. 117.

Cotton-strips as money, ii. 311. In the country towns of Bórnu, ii. 212. In Ádamáwa, ii. 446. In Bagírmi, iii. 381. In Libtáko, iv. 291. In Ísayé, iv. 332.

Croton tiglium in Bagírmi, iii. 449.

Crowe, Mr., H.M.’s consul-general in Tripoli, i. 15; ii. 106.

Crystallised tubes, v. 422.

Cucurbita lagenaria, ii. 433; iii. 129.

Cucurbita Melopépo, iii. 234. In general use for seasoning the food, iii. 154; v. 3.

Cultivation of the different species of corn in various districts greatly varying, ii. 434, 505.

Currency, defection in Kúkawa, ii. 311. Very varying in different districts, difficult to know beforehand, iv. 278.

Cyperus esculentus, ii. 381; iii. 262. Porridge of, ii. 433.

Dábuwa village, iii. 267.

Dághel village, residence of ʿOthmán the Reformer, iv. 168.

Dákkwa, meaning of the term, ii. 10.

Dalla town, v. 465.

Dalla province, iv. 316.

Dámarak ancient capital of Só, ii. 651.

Dámbedá village, iv. 87.

Damerghú, cornfields, i. 535. Animals and vegetation of, 540. List of villages, 547. Origin of the name, 546.

Dan-Fáwa town and inhabitants, v. 349, Dánkama, site of, ii. 40.

Dan-Sháura district, towns and villages in, v. 345, _note_.

Dan-Sháura, walled town, v. 345.

Darghol and its inhabitants, iv. 277; v. 652.

Dármagwá village, ii. 198.

Darróro town, ii. 565.

Daúra, eldest state of Háusa, ii. 72. Province of, ii. 560. Character of governor, iv. 85.

Dates of Ásben, i. 302. Kanó, ii. 145. Of Tawát, species of, iv. 516, _note_. Of Bamba, v. 200.

Datepalms in Ásben, i. 302, 318. In Tasáwa, ii. 24. In Kano, 145. In Ádamáwa, 506. In Logón, iii. 280, 297. In Kánem, iii. 96, 107. In Bagírmi, 599. In Búrgu, iii. 500. In Timbúktu, iv. 475. In Bamba, 188. In Gógó, v. 213. Loaded with fruit, 330. Palm-bushes, 276, 370.

Dáway village, v. 388.

Dawerghú described, iii. 27.

Day, islands of, in the Niger, iv. 392.

Débe, site of, v. 317.

Débu lake, its shallow character, v. 471. Ayú or manatus, found in, 472.

Déffowa town, ii. 205.

Dekír well, v. 444.

Deléb palms, ii. 39, 424. The fruit and its uses, 426. Wide range of this palm, iii. 187, 235, 285, 297, 355, 400, 449; iii. 224; iv. 107; v. 369, 371, _passim_.

Démmo village and scenery, iii. 202. Pagan priests and chiefs, 206.

Démsa, country of this tribe, ii. 519.

Dendi, capital of, iv. 192.

Déndina, towns and villages of, iv. 538.

Denfó, walled town, and its inhabitants, v. 498.

Denga village, iv. 273.

Denham, Major, his adventures in Mándará, iii. 124. His want of accuracy, iv. 169.

Derís, a dwelling place of the “White Arabs,” v. 519.

Desert, journey across, i. 191. _seq._ Highest mountain pass in, v. 251. Torrent, effects of, 324. Heart of the, i. 258; v. 420. Extent of rain into the desert, v. 428.

Desert near Timbúktu, residence in, iv. 463.

Déshi hamlet and inhabitants, iv. 318.

Devil’s dance at Tágelel, i. 551.

Díggera and vicinity, iii. 156.

Díggera, a tribe of Tawárek, formerly of wide extent, now reduced, ii. 72, 652; iv. 4, 50.

Díkowa, large town and vicinity, iii. 130.

Dimísugá village, hospitable treatment at, v. 386.

Dimla town, iv. 563.

Díre town, v. 470.

Dirma province, iv. 420.

Dírki town, v. 429. Historical notice of, ii. 654.

Dodó, worship of, i. 551.

Dodówa cakes, i. 538; ii. 15. An important article of trade with Sókoto, iv. 122.

Dógo, southernmost village of Bagírmi, described, iii. 598.

Dógo village, near Say, v. 293.

Dógo-n-dáji town, v. 330.

Domestic slavery in Negroland, ii. 151.

Donári town, iv. 39.

Dóre, chief town of Libtáko, iv. 286. Market, 288-292.

Dorówa (Parkia) chief tree in the provinces of Kátsena and Záriya, iv. 107, _passim_.

Dýnnia town and inhabitants, v. 494.

Dúchi district described, ii. 236.

Dúchi town described, iv. 123; v. 351.

Dúm-palm, exclusive region near Zurríkulo, ii. 199. Wide range of, over Negroland. In Air, i. 317, 383. Near Yó, iii. 33. In Logón, 286. Gazáwa, ii. 13; iv. 91. In Fógha, iv. 225. In Máuri, iv. 548. On the Niger, v. 98, 267, 272, 281, 284, 435. Use of the fruits of, in Say, v. 297. In Tamkala, v. 303. The kernel, ii. 309; iii. 35, 50.

Duncan, his route from Baffo to Adafudia full of errors, iv. 553.

Dunki-tree leaves used as vegetable, v. 291.

Dúnu village described, ii. 209.

Dyeing, the art of, imparts to several regions of Negroland a certain tincture of civilization, ii. 31. Superiority of in Kanó, 128. In Ujé, ii. 365. In Bagírmi, iii. 129, 357. In Zánfara, iv. 121; v. 352.

Dwentsa town, v. 466.

Dýrregu, the freed Háusa boy, iv. 10, _passim_.

Ebn Batúta’s Travels, i. 464. Mentions Edrís, as king of Bórnu, ii. 265.

Éderí and its caverns, i. 146.

Edible wild fruits, ii. 380, 387. Edible poas, _see_ Poa. Edible productions, ii. 433.

Edrís Alawóma, greatest king of Bórnu, ii. 650. Expeditions of, from Bórnu to Kánem, iii. 498.

Éfadaye, lawless tribe, i. 351. Their strength, 491.

Egé, fertile valley, described, iii. 491.

Égeri, valley of, i. 252.

Eghellál mount and village, i. 377. Valley, 378.

Egyptians, ancient, probable intercourse of the Songhay with, iv. 426; v. 193.

El Ábiár, district near the Senegal, wells of, v. 513.

El Áhmar well, v. 439.

El Arbʿaín described, i. 2.

El Bekrí’s account of Negroland, iv. 583. Mention of various words still in use, shigge, iv. 443, _n._

El Edrísi’s account of Negroland noticed, iv. 585.

El Gáda and adjoining districts described, and Moorish tribes in, v. 544.

El Giblah and Shemmámah described, and Moorish tribes in, v. 539.

El Háha district and tribes, v. 545.

El Hank district described, v. 546.

El Hasi, the well at the foot of the Hammáda, i. 140.

El Hódh district described, and Moorish tribes in, v. 529.

El Jem, Roman remains at, i. 3.

El Júf district described, v. 547.

Elkeb, singular monuments on the plain of, i. 58.

El Khwín described, i. 2.

El Medaina, a ruined Roman station, i. 12.

El Waláti, his character and appearance, iv. 282. His knavery, 345, _et passim_. Final separation from, v. 16.

El Wár, or Temmi, well, v. 440.

Elephants, frequent in Ádamáwa, ii. 508. Herd of, going to water, iii. 48. Predominant in Músgu, 161, 162, 169. In Gurma, iv. 271.

Ém-n-kúris headland, camping-ground at, v. 149.

Encampment, Arab, private life in, iv. 485. Of Tawárak represented, v. 127.

“English house” at Kúkawa, ii. 298.

English hill near Tin-tellust, i. 334.

Erátafáni (Ghatafán, compare Ebn Khaldún, trans. by De Slane, i. 38), camp of the, v. 269.

Érazar valley, i. 320.

Érgshésh, district described, v. 546.

Ernésse camping-ground described, v. 130.

Euphorbia, poisonous, i. 532; v. 97.

European goods brought to Kanó, ii. 135. To Timbúktu, v. 33.

Europeans, in what little esteem held by some people, v. 90.

Exogyra Overwegi found near Wadi Tagíje, i. 120.

Fáki el Bahr, most learned man in Wádái, iii. 560.

Fáki Sámbo, a very learned Púllo at Máseñá, iii. 373.

Fálalé, village and costume, iv. 555.

Falí tribe in Fúmbiná, ii. 511.

Fányakangwa town, v. 377.

Farára described, i. 548.

Fáro river, ii. 473, 517.

Fatáwel, great ivory market, iii. 162.

Female chiefs and sovereigns in Bórnu, ii. 650. Of the Welád Ráshid, iii. 549.

Female infidelity rare amongst the nobler tribes of the Tawárek, v. 127. Female headdress in Bagírmi, iii. 320. In Kanó, ii. 109.

Female apparel in general in Negroland, ii. 25. In Músgu, iii. 238. In Songhay, v. 218.

Fénorang valley, i. 284.

Feréng-mangha, explanation of the title, iv. 423, _note_.

Ferry-boats made of calabashes, ii. 232; iv. 27.

Festival of the ʿAíd el Kebír in Ágades, i. 422. Of the Fotr at Kúkawa, iii. 15. In Kanó, _ib._ In Máseña, 417. In Timbúktu, v. 10. In Yágha, 280.

Ficus, very large specimens, i. 392; ii. 141; iii. 130; v. 132.

Fíliyo village and its inhabitants, iv. 309.

Firearms, their influence in furthering the slave trade, iii. 133. Numerous in Bórnu in the second half of the sixteenth century, ii. 651.

Firki-ground, a peculiar kind of soil, ii. 241, 355; iii. 125, _passim_.

Fish very plentiful in Músgu, iii. 233, 241. Different species found in Niger, v. 625. Dried fish, an important article of commerce in Bórnu, iii. 29. Value of, as a medium of commerce at Áshenúmma, v. 433.

Fittrí, the “lake” of the Kúka, more considerable places around, iii. 585. The districts mentioned, 502, 515.

Fleas in Kúkawa, iii. 250. In Támkala, v. 303.

Fódet valley, mountain scenery, i. 328.

Fógha valley, iv. 225. Mode of preparing salt, 228. Character of the people, 230. Separation between the Háusa and Songhay races, 231.

French, excitement caused at Timbúktu by their movements in the north, v. 114-125.

Fugábú Kóbber, village of the, iii. 82.

Fúlbe, of Mándará, ii. 173. Degenerate Fúlbe, 393. Their intelligence and veracity, 420. First appearance in Bórnu, 649, 654. Immigration into Bagírmi, iii. 433. Facilitated by the Shúwa, 369. History of, and growth of their power in Sókoto, iv. 147. Tribes of, 148, _note_. Their important mission, 491. Along upper Niger, 623. Their policy in Timbúktu, v. 81. Tribes in Sókoto, 528. Fúlbe inhabiting suburbs of larger towns, iii. 127; v. 330. Their way of preparing butter, ii. 230.

Fúlbe huts figured, iv. 325.

Fúlbe of Ádamáwa, their famous expedition to the far South, ii. 520.

Fúmbiná, extent of, ii. 503. Described, 504. Various tribes, 510-514.

Funeral dance at Ísge, ii. 535.

Furá village, iv. 465.

Fura, favourite drink, mode of drinking, i. 414.

Fúta country, chief divisions of, v. 522.

Gábatá, sacred site of, iv. 63.

Gábberí and its inhabitants, iii. 605.

Gá-béro, description of the tribe, v. 222. Their hospitality, 225. Divisions of the tribe, 225, _note_.

Gá-bíbi tribe, v. 242.

Gabóre hamlet, v. 385.

Gagliuffi, Mr., British agent at Múrzuk, i. 165, 171; ii. 171.

Gakoira town, site of, iv. 388.

Galúla village and watercourse, v. 521.

Gámerghú district, ii. 360. Tribe nearly related to the Mándara, 362.

Gando empire, climate and extent of the, iv. 203. Rulers of, 527.

Gando town described, iv. 195; v. 347. Average rain-fall in, v. 329.

Gaoga, kingdom of, iii. 426. Reason of its power, 445.

Gárbo village, iv. 234; v. 311.

Gáreji village, ii. 174.

Gárgará, iron used in Bagírmi obtained from, iii. 597.

Gár-Sará described, iii. 609.

Garú, an island-town in the Niger, v. 273.

Gasi-Ghúma, great market-place of Fermágha, v. 483.

Gátara village, v. 308.

Gaúmaché hamlet, iv. 207.

Gáuri town, notice of, iii. 616.

Gáwasú village, interview with the sultan of Sókoto, iv. 133.

Gazáwa, independent pagan town, ii. 33. Places lying round it, 35. Fortifications and markets, 37. Chief men, iv. 92.

Gébi valley described, i. 295.

Gellu town, v. 497.

Gerkí, town and its inhabitants, ii. 162; v. 372.

Gésgi valley of Kánem, iii. 95.

Géshiya town and its inhabitants, iv. 36.

Gesma town and its inhabitants, iv. 38.

Gezáwa, town of province of Kanó, and its inhabitants, ii. 152.

Ghadámes, inhabitants of, great merchants, settled in Kátsena, ii. 57. Kanó, 110, 115. Timbúktu, iv. 481, 616; v. 33.

Ghaladíma ʿOmár, interview with, ii. 192.

Ghámbarú, brick ruins of, ii. 225. Favourite residence of the former kings of Bórnu, iii. 517.

Ghána, or Ghánata, kingdom, historical notices of, iv. 579, 584, 585.

Gharíya el gharbíya, Roman gateway at, i. 126; and Arab tower, 129.

Gharíya e’ sherkíya, i. 132.

Ghasr-éggomo, former capital of Bórnu (see Bírni), ruins of described, iv. 22.

Ghát, arrival at, i. 221. Description of, 237.

Ghérgo, Songhay town on the Niger and inhabitants, v. 151.

Ghurián and its villages, i. 43-49. Hatred against the Turks, 48. Subterranean dwellings, _ib._

Gída-n-Alla village, v. 371.

Giraffe, home of the, i. 520. Rare in the populous districts, in Músgu, ii. 359; iii. 162. Frequent on the Niger, v. 199, 254.

Gílmirám, wells of, ii. 5.

Góber, princes of, iv. 526. Connection of the noblest family with the Copts, i. 336. The Goberáwa once masters of Ásben, _ib._

Gógó, Gágho, or Gʿao, capital of the Songhay empire, noticed, iv. 580, 583, 585. Conquered by the Awelímmid, iv. 628. Town and inhabitants described, v. 215. Survey of the Niger near, 235.

Gold, the chief commercial staple of Timbúktu, v. 21. Import of gold into Kanó, ii. 142. Gold trade in former times in Kúkia, iv. 552, 584. Gold found in Bénuwé, ii. 470. Rivers containing gold, iv. 557.

Góna, locality on the Niger, v. 239.

Gonda trees (_Erica Papaya_), ii. 12, 87, 447, 623; iii. 138; v. 330. Fruit of, 60; iv. 209, _passim_. Wild Gonda bush, ii. 93, 368; v. 293. Its delicious fruit, ii. 401.

Gongungo village, iv. 274.

Gónja, (country of the kóla-nut) routes to, iv. 556. Trade to. v. 29.

Góreba fruit (see Dúm-palm), ii. 13.

Górebi torrent, iv. 261.

Gorgom town, iv. 88.

Gósuwa town, ii. 174.

Góte district, v. 280.

Government: a feudal form spread from Melle over great part of Negroland, iv. 588. In Bórnu, eclectic, with a very strong aristocratical element, ii. 270. In Fúlbe states more republican, 499. Of Bagírmi, iii. 452. Of Wádái, 547. In Songhay, more despotical, iv. 416.

Gozenákko village and its inhabitants, ii. 13.

Grain, different prices of, ii. 313; v. 338.

Granaries, tower-like, iv. 331. Granaries or corn-stacks as usual in Negroland, i. 539; ii. 5. In the Manga country, iv. 29.

Groundnuts, an essential article of native food, and important article of export trade, ii. 432; iii. 334. In Bagírmi, in general cultivated to a small extent, iii. 447, 505, _passim_. Cultivated between the corn, ii. 434.

Guinea-worm disease, i. 271. Produced by drinking stagnant water, ii. 546. Not met with in women, _ib._

Gúlbi, general meaning, ii. 299.

Gúlbi-n-Sókoto swamps, v. 321.

Gúlumbé, walled town, iv. 209; v. 323.

Gumda village, iv. 89.

Gúmmel, town, its commercial importance and its inhabitants, ii. 164. Its state of decay, v. 374.

Gúmrek, lake, i. 533.

Gúndam town described, v. 467.

Gúndumi wilderness, passage through, iv. 130.

Gúram town, v. 473.

Gurára river, Lander’s Rári, ii. 563.

Gúre, capital of Múniyó, described, iv. 51-58. Visit to the governor, 53. His character, 54.

Gurgul, a small shallow drain of Senegal, v. 522.

Gúri and inhabitants, v. 492.

Gurma, hilly country of, iv. 250. Colonised by the Songhay, 259. Province and inhabitants of, 550. Their connection with the Tombo, _ib._

Gúro-nuts, a commercial staple of Timbúktu, v. 27. Their import into Kanó, ii. 131. Conditions of the trade in, _ib._

Gúshi territory, villages in, iv. 68.

Gwanín el Kohol, section of the Berabísh notice of the, v. 65.

Gwásem, Roman sepulchre near, i. 93.

Haddáda, peculiar tribe in Kánem, account of, iii. 485.

Háj Beshír, biographical notice of, ii. 290. End of his career, 670. Policy with regard to the pagan tribes, iii. 232, 254.

Háj Mohammed Áskíá, iv. 414. See Áskiá.

Hamda-Alláhi, capital of empire of Másina, iv. 474; v. 469, _passim_.

Hámiyen, warm springs of, described, iii. 572.

Hamma, son-in-law to Annur, i. 368, 431. Parting with, i. 518.

Hammáda, description of the, i. 135-141. Meaning of the term, 140.

Hándará village, iv. 76.

Háusa, historical notices of, ii. 69. Intelligence of race and general character, 163. Character and importance of language, _passim_. Its relation to the Berber, ii. 70, _n._ Nobleman and retinue, v. 309.

Hatíta, chief of the Ázkár, arrival of, i. 179. His dealings, 191. Sketch of, on his camel, 195.

Hallúf, Kánemma chief, iii. 84, _seq._

Haw-n-ádak, an encampment, iv. 348.

Hay, method of storing, in the Músgu country, iii. 176.

Head-dress of females in Bagírmi, iii. 320. In Kanó, ii. 109. In Kúkawa, 317. In Belárigo, 308. Curious ornaments of, in Libtáko, iv. 292.

Hénderí Síggesí, valley of Kánem, iii. 96.

Hendi-kíri, camping-ground near, on the Niger, v. 147.

Hereditaments with some African tribes descend from the possessor to his sister’s son, i. 341. Probable foundation of the custom, 342.

Hibiscus esculentus, iii. 28, 421. In general use in Bagírmi, iv. 448.

Híllet e’ Sheikh Sídi el Mukhtár, a celebrated place of worship, i. 370; iv. 454.

Hogár, or Hágara, account of the, i. 566.

Holcus cernuus, cultivated to great extent in Bórnu, ii. 241, 355. Different varieties of, found in different districts, 505. Sorghum, the general grain in Bórnu, 540. H. saccharatus, in southern provinces of Bórnu, in Musgu, iii. 152. The red species in Músgu, 175.

Hómbori mountain range figured, iv. 330. Described, 333.

Hómbori town, route to, iv. 320, _note_.

Horses, indifferent, in Ágades, i. 395. Fine in Damerghú, 542. Bórnu horses, their excellence, ii. 315; iii. 22. Exposed to all changes of weather, ii. 452. Barbarous Músgu mode of securing seat on, 198. Fine race of, in Libtáko, iv. 294. Of Tawárek, on Niger, 345, 347. Numerous in Sarayámo, 372, 376. Indifferent in Timbúktu, v. 66. Of the Songhay, 208. Value of, in the desert, 437.

House, in Kanó, plan of, ii. 124; in Kúkawa, plan of, 299; in Timbúktu, plan of, iv. 451. Houses in Ágades, i. 442, 446.

Húlluf, Logón town, famed for sorcery, iii. 283.

Huts, general character of, i. 538. Huts called bango, or bongo, ii. 24, 369, 402. Hut in Múbi, 527. Various species of, in Bórnu, 549. Of Shúwa, ii. 358. Of Marghí, iii. 381. Of Músgu, iii. 250; see Architecture. In Yágha, iv. 276. Of nomadic Fúlbe figured, 325. Of Fúlbe in Bagírmi, iii. 369. In Songhay, iv. 329, 331.

Ibawájiten, notice of the tribe, v. 208.

Íbo tribe, notice of, ii. 626.

Ídinen, mount, the holy and dreaded mountain of the Ázkár, i. 211. Visited, 214. Led astray on return from, 216.

Íggeba well, v. 435.

Igómaren, encampment at, on the Niger, v. 177.

Ikadémmelrang valley, singular formations in, i. 275.

Ikánnu and Gúndam, list of places between, v. 481.

Ikázkezan, general character of tribe, i. 345. A freebooter, 543.

Ilóri, large town of Yóruba, ii. 170.

Imeggélelé district, iv. 346.

Imghád, meaning of the term, i. 234. Historical notices of the, of the Ázkár, 234. Of the valleys round Ágades, 391. Of the Íregenáten, v. 550. Of the Awelímmiden, 556.

Ímmanang district, iv. 547.

Immenán valley, threatened attack in, i. 304.

Ímóshagh, or Tawárek, Sections and families of the Ázkár, i. 228. Origin and antiquity of the name, 326. Of the Kél-owi, 344. Of the Kél-gerés and Itísan, 356. Their encampments, 527. The Sakomáren, 566. Of the Hogár, 567. Their customs, how changed by their settlement on the Niger, v. 106. Their way of covering the mouth, _passim_. Their dread of mentioning the name of their deceased father, 117. Encampments of the tribes settled on the Niger, 127. The great South-westerly group of, 552. The Ímóshagh represented on the Egyptian monuments, 563.

Indigo, first appearance of plant, i. 507. Way of raising, in Bagírmi, iii. 356; in Wádái, 559. Cultivated to great extent, iv. 192, _passim_.

Inscriptions, Roman in Gháríya, i. 130. Berber, 157, 274, _passim_. Rock, ii. 429.

Íregenáten, subdivisions of, v. 561. Peaceable tribes of, 562.

Iron, best iron in Búbanjídda, ii. 376, 509. Good quality in Mándará, 534, but indifferent in Kanó, 142. In Bagírmi, 597. In Wádái, 559.

Iron-stone abundant near Múnghonó, ii. 549.

Irrigation by lámbona or khattatír, i. 319; ii. 83; iii. 35. In Kánem, iii. 88; v. 158.

Ísa, Songhay name of the Niger, iv. 390.

Ísa-bére, the principal branch of the Ísa, towns and villages along the bank of the, from Díre to Sansándi, v. 470. Towns and villages on the south-eastern branch between Móbti and Jenni, 474.

Ísayé village, tower-like granaries, iv. 331. Inhabitants, 332. Deserted at a later period, v. 38.

Ísge district of Marghí, ii. 389. Village and its inhabitants, 390. Hut and costume, 532. Funeral dance, 535.

Islamism, struggle between, and paganism, ii. 40. When introduced into Central Negroland, 74; into Kánem, 265, 635; into Logón, iii. 304; into Bagírmi, 435; into Wádái, 529; into Songhay, iv. 409, 583.

Itísan, historical notices of, i. 353. Subdivisions of, 356.

Jacob, Jew servant to Denham and Clapperton, i. 4.

Jafarábe, group of islands in Upper Niger, important for commercial intercourse, iv. 484; v. 474.

Jawára, Park’s Jarra, former capital of Melle, v. 491.

Jebel Manterús, ascent of, i. 42.

Jebel Msíd, ascent of, i. 56.

Jéga, important town of Kebbi, commerce of, iv. 202; v. 325.

Jeháya valley, or well, v. 436.

Jenúr village and inhabitants, v. 514.

Jerma, old, described, i. 155. Roman sepulchre, 157. New, 158.

Jibáli village and mountains, v. 516.

Jídder, ruined hamlet, fine crops, v. 301.

Jimbálla district on Niger, towns in, v. 478.

Jíngerí village, v. 387.

Jinni, or Jenni, founded, iv. 582. Adopts Islám, 586. Subject to Melle, 587. Conquered by Sonni ʿAlí, 594.

Jínninau valley, magnetic iron-stone near, i. 292.

Judicial decision amongst the Marghí, by cock-fighting, ii. 535.

Júggurú territory, iv. 217.

Jýju district, hamlets in, v. 337, _note_.

Kábara town and inhabitants, iv. 395-402. 473. Special governor in former times, 419. Passage wrongly understood, ii. 646.

Kábowa village, ii. 212.

Káda-márga village, iii. 368.

Kadamméllet mount, i. 311, 312.

Kadúna river, ii. 562, 565.

Kagza, well of, iv. 16.

Kákalí village, iii. 194.

Kákarú town, v. 653.

Kála, westernmost town of territory of Logón, iii. 281.

Kála, considerable Bámbara town, former importance, iv. 589; v. 489.

Kalála Tebu village, mode of preparing salt at, v. 427.

Kálemrí Bórnu village, in its state of welfare, ii. 198. Half deserted, v. 384.

Kalíkágorí village, iii. 29.

Kalíluwá village, near Kúkawa, first arrival at, ii. 242. Encampment in, on setting out for Timbúktu, iv. 12.

Káliluwá Grémarí village, school at, ii. 543.

Kallíyul town, on the valley of Fógha, notice of bravery of inhabitants, iv. 229; v. 315.

Kálowa village described, ii. 206.

Kámbasa, walled town of Kebbi, iv. 205, 206. Specimens of civil strife, _ib._

Kámmané town of Zánfara and inhabitants, v. 352.

Kánem, the original portion of the Bórnu Empire, ii. 262, 633. Power of, 636. When given up to the Bulála, 641. Reconquered, 645. Most important indigenous tribes of, ii. 274. General character of, iii. 40. Bórnu white shirts the medium of commerce in, 75. Account of the eastern parts of, 481. Imám Ahmed’s account of, iii. 498.

Kánembú, their superior appearance in comparison with the Kanúri, v. 413. Settled on shores of the Tsád, ii. 329. Cattle-breeders, ii. 332. Their original native attire, 330. Manner of protecting their heads from rain, 526. Huts figured, v. 411.

Kanó and its inhabitants, ii. 97. Ground plan of town, 107. Quarters of, 121. History of, 116, 562. Not identical with Ghána, 117. Population, 124. Commerce, 125. Revenues and administration of the province, 143. Chief places in the province, 558. Second residence in, v. 358. Climate unfavourable to Europeans, 360.

Kanó to Álamáy, route by way of Khadéja, ii. 195, _note_.

Kanta, fights the King of Bórnu, ii. 645. dynasty of, in Kebbi, iv. 213. Vanquishes the King of Songhay, 603.

Kanúri, identical with Bornáwi, origin of name [changed by the Mandingoes into the form Kánin-ké]. Characteristics of, ii. 164. Fine specimens of Kanúri females, ii. 522.

Kanyénni, important market-place of Wangaráwa noticed, iv. 558.

Karámmia trees, ii. 12.

Karáwa, former capital of Mándará, ii. 654.

Kárba village, ii. 353.

Kardi, walled town of Kebbi, corn-magazine, iv. 212.

Káre town and vicinity, v. 518.

Kargha, or Karka, the S.E. corner of the Tsád, ii. 200; iii. 514, 534.

Kárgímawa village, ii. 190.

Kári, or Konna, important town, on Upper Niger, v. 466.

Kasambára, chief place of Bághena, v. 500.

Kasánni hamlet and vicinity, v. 280.

Kashímma town, ii. 222.

Káso village, iv. 89.

Kasr Khafáji ʿAámer, el gharbí and e’ sherkí, remarkable specimens of ruins of Byzantine and middle-age architecture, i. 106, 108.

Kasr Dawán, remarkable specimen of a stronghold of Arab chieftain, i. 73.

Kasr Dóga, Roman sepulchre of immense size in the Tarhóna, i. 70.

Kasr el Jahalíyeh, Mohammedan legends concerning, i. 18.

Kasr el Jebel, Turkish fortress of, i. 24. Excursion from, 25-32.

Kasr Jefára and its vicinity, i. 84.

Kasr Ghurián, Turkish fortress of, i. 43, 49.

Kátsena, town of, ii. 43. More healthy than Kanó, ii. 81. History and description of, 69. Kings of, 73. Surrounding country, 84. Quarters of the town, 555. Chief places in the province, 557. Return to, iv. 95. Interview with the governor, 97. Amount of tribute paid by, iv. 127.

Katakírri, edible bulbous root, ii. 387.

Katúru, walled town of Zánfara, iv. 128.

Kauye-n-Sálakh, magnificent tulip-tree near, ii. 9.

Kawa great chief of Awelímmid in former times, iv. 628.

Káwa village, ii. 335.

Káwo, the characteristic weed of Negroland. _See_ Asclepias gigantea.

Kebbi, province of, iv. 204. Form of name, iv. 163, _note_. Partition of, between Sókoto and Gando, 533. Fertile but swampy valleys, v. 323. Former importance of, v. 319. Dynasty of Kanta, iv. 213, 603. Number of walled towns in, 204.

Kechídúniyá village, iv. 40.

Keghámma, former dignity in Bórnu, ii. 467.

Keghámma, in Kánem, iii. 101.

Kelára antelope, notice of, ii. 325.

Kél, meaning of the word, i. 237, 339.

Kél e’ Súk tribe, whence named, v. 181. Their peculiar character, v. 199. Subdivisions of, v. 559.

Keléno district, rich in natron, described, iv. 65.

Kél-fadé, their former nobility, i. 352.

Kél-gerés, historical notices of, i. 350. Subdivisions of, 367.

Kél-n-Nokúnder, notice of the, v. 99. Second residence with them, 131.

Kél-owí, historical notices of, i. 338. Rule of succession, 341. Their degraded character, 343. Sections of the tribe, 344. Hostility against the Kel-gerés, 354, 396. Expedition against the Welád Slimán, iii. 62

Kenáníye, tribe of, in Kánem, ii. 277; iii. 517.

Kendáji island, wild scenery of the Niger at, v. 263.

Kenga Matáya described, iii. 595. 609.

Khalaifa, valley and villages, i. 28-31.

Khalílu, Sultan of Gando, character of, iv. 196; v. 328. Extent of his empire, iv. 203.

Khat, fertile valley in the western desert, v. 510.

Khat e’ Dem, a temporary Arab dwelling-place of camel-hair tents, v. 519.

Khat el Moina, celebrated well in the Khat, v. 511.

Khér-Alla, the slave governor, interview with, ii. 235.

Khurmet bú Mʿatek, a defile, i. 104.

Kibbo valley, the northern limit of the white ant, v. 414.

Kikla, district of, described, i. 33.

Kings of Bórnu, singular ceremonies at the election of, ii. 271. Sensible of fine scenery, iii. 143.

Kirogáji hills, v. 289.

Kirotáshi town on Niger, iv. 539. Route from, to Woghódoghó, 558.

Kóbetát tribe, rely for their supply of water on water melons, v. 488.

Kóchi village, v. 324.

Koiretágo town, iv. 390.

Kókia tree, ii. 39. The most common tree in the Músgu country, iii. 195. _et passim_.

Kókoroché Bagírmi village, iii. 359, 460.

Kóla, strong walled town of Kebbi, iv. 216.

Kola-nuts. _See_ Gúro-nuts.

Kolí, walled town, and vicinity, v. 499.

Kólle-kólle, Bagírmi village, iii. 355, 459.

Komádugu of Bórnu, described, ii. 222; iv. 20.

Kong, town of Wángara, noticed, iv. 557.

Kóra, large island, in Upper Niger, iv. 387.

Kóra, other smaller island, v. 106.

Koramma, general meaning of “small watercourse,” i. 264.

Kória village, iv. 285.

Koriñína and its inhabitants, iii. 605.

Korna or kurna tree, wide extent over Negroland, ii. 100. Its fruit not unpleasant, iii. 269. Beautiful specimens, iii. 381.

Kórom village and vicinity, iii. 176.

Koróme, outer harbour of Timbúktu, iv. 392.

Korórofa, its former power, ii. 116. Description of, 581.

Kortíta tribe, on the Niger, v. 281.

Kostárí village, iii. 265.

Kótokó, province of, historical view of, iii. 276. Different dialects of, 271.

Koyám district and inhabitants described, iv. 14. Tribes of the, 19.

Krénik, former capital of the Soy, iii. 279.

Kserát Shigge, town, v. 500.

Kúbo, Songhay town, described, iv. 320.

Kúgha, identical with Kúkia, the old capital of Songhay, account of, iv. 583.

Kúka, town of Kebbi, iv. 216.

Kúka mairuá, camping ground, ii. 157. Kúka mai furá, _ib._

Kúkawa, present capital of Bórnu, a modern town, not identical with Gaoga, ii. 243. Described, great fair at, 307. Interviews with the vizier, 247, 250, 550. Return to, iii. 1. Rainy season in, _ib._ Festival, 15. Last residence in, v. 391. Fulfilment of vow, 394.

Kúka, or Kúku, tribe of, settled in Fittrí and along the Bat-há, iii. 427, 502, 515, 585, _passim_.

Kúla-n-kérki described, i. 547.

Kulféla, very important market place of Mósi, iv. 559.

Kúlkadá village, iv. 108.

Kúlman, independent Songhay town, and its inhabitants, v. 652.

Kumba town and its inhabitants, v. 499.

Kumkúmmia, a Euphorbia, from which poison for arrows is obtained, i. 532.

Kuna, or Kunna, town and important market place on Upper Niger, v. 517. And Móbti, towns and villages between, 475.

Kunta tribe, sections of, in Ázawád, v. 463. In Aderér, 536.

Kurán, chanting of, in the desert, iv. 466, 511. The opening prayer of, ii. 496. The divergent precepts of, made a point of serious dispute and quarrel between my friends and enemies, v. 642. Read at the sepulchres of the old kings of Bórnu, iii. 501. Said to be handed down to the rulers of Songhay from Egypt, iv. 583.

Kúrayé town and vicinity, iv. 109.

Kúri, large species of bull, ii. 200.

Kúrrefi, town and remarkable fortifications, iv. 3.

Kurúlu village and mount, ii. 437.

Kusáda, large town of province of Kátsena, ii. 89; v. 356.

Kúsh, town of Bághena, and inhabitants, v. 500.

Kwána tribe, ii. 581; iii. 132.

Kwára, lower part of Niger, chiefly used by American slavers, ii. 133. _See_ Niger.

Laháula Marghí village and its inhabitants, ii. 405, 532.

Laing, Major, dates of his journeys, murder of, iv. 630. Probable motives of the conduct of the Tawárek towards him, 453. _note_. Kindness of the Sheikh el Bakay’s father towards him, 454. (Compare i. 570.) His stay in the “hille,” 570. None of his papers in existence, iv. 455.

Lake of Bibán, i. 10.

Lamíso town and market of Bórnu, v. 379.

Larba or Láraba, independent Songhay town, iv. 267; v. 282, 653.

Leather of Kátsena celebrated, iv. 99.

Leather tents, iv. 340.

Leather work of Ágades, i. 454. Of Kanó, ii. 130. Of Sókoto, iv. 180. Of Timbúktu, v. 18.

Lellóli village and vicinity, v. 290.

Leo Africanus, a very good authority for general relations, but not to be trusted in single instances, ii. 266; quoted _passim_.

Leptis and its ruins, i. 81.

Lére village and vicinity, v. 483.

Letter worn as a charm, iv. 297. Impression of letter received near Timbúktu, v. 141.

Lewána town, v. 492.

Libtáko province, iv. 281. Its capital, 287. Political state, 293. Places in, 295, _note_. Fine breed of horses, iv. 294.

Lion of Áír, i. 482. And of the whole border region of the desert, v. 270. In great number along the Niger, v. 96, 119, 131, 270.

Locusts roasted, a favourite dish, ii. 30.

Locusts and hawks, swarms of, ii. 217. Great droves of, v. 242.

Logón, province of, iii. 281. Historical account of, 303. Food, manufactures, and language, 307-309. Towns and villages, 525.

Logón, river and town, iii. 209, 465.

Logón, Bírni, town and its inhabitants, iii. 286. Palace of the Ibálaghwan, 287. Palace of the sultan, 289.

Lombo-tendi, a village and well of the Rumá, v. 490.

Lord Palmerston’s despatch, copy of, iii. 526. His kind reception on my return, v. 452.

Lord Clarendon’s benevolence, v. 452.

Lord Russell’s letter, v. 141.

Lúshiri village, ii. 213.

Mábani town and neighbourhood, ii. 364.

Macguire, Corporal, slain at Bedwáram, v. 417.

Mádani, El, his sect, i. 13, 180.

Madrúsa village, of Fezzán, v. 444.

Maduwári village, near the Tsád, and its inhabitants, ii. 328. Death of Mr. Overweg at, iii. 476.

Má-faras, southern well of, arrival in a state of exhaustion, v. 437.

Magá district, ii. 359.

Mágara bush, uses of, ii. 95.

Magariá, notice of the tree and its uses, i. 522.

Magáriyá town, near Sókoto, site of, iv. 168, 177.

Magh-tér and Tíris, districts of the westerly desert, described, and Moorish tribes in, v. 541.

Mágira, or Queen Mother, her influence in Bórnu, ii. 273; in Bagírmi, iii. 483; in Wádái, 554; in Múniyó, iv. 56.

Magnetic ironstone, i. 292.

Maídugurí, market-place described, ii. 363.

Maíjirgí village and inhabitants, iv. 90.

Máikonomarí-kurá town, iv. 31.

Máje district, its fertility and beauty, iv. 108.

Máje town, v. 356.

Makám, holy station, Makám e’ Sheikh ben ʿAbd el Kerím, i. 385. Makám, on road from Asëu to Tawát, 563.

Máket-n-íkelán curious custom at, i. 288.

Maktachúchí pool with river-horses, v. 522.

Malám villages, v. 377.

Mámmarí village, iv. 30.

Manatus. _See_ Ayú.

Mandó, or Mondó, important town of eastern part of Kánem, iii. 486, 489.

Manga province and its inhabitants described, iv. 29. Manga female, 30. Places in, 30, _note_. Warriors and their equipment, ii. 184.

Mansa Músa, greatest king of Melle, notice of, iv. 587, 588.

Manure used by Músgu, iii. 208.

Manzo, Kashella Manzo, iv. 32.

Marárraba, half-way between Ghát and Áír, i. 277. Between Sókoto and Wurnó, iv. 564.

Marde well and vicinity, v. 515.

Marghí tribe, notice of the, ii. 398. Superiority of their race, 399. Relation to country, list of places, 403, _note_. Funeral dance, 535.

Mári mount, i. 505.

Mariámarí village, lion at, v. 387.

Mariaw ridge, i. 258.

Marikoire and Debála, places in Bághena, towns and villages between, v. 497.

Marikoire and Dinga, towns and villages between, v. 497.

Market frequented during the hottest hours of the day, ii. 168. Of Ágades, i. 477. Tasáwa, ii. 21; Gazáwa, 37. Kátsena, 59. Kanó, 103. Kúkawa, 308. Ujé, 370. Saráwu, 445. Díkowa, iii. 143. Más-eña, iii. 380; at Ábú-Gher, 386. Principal market places in Wadái, iii. 457. In Timbúktu, iv. 481; v. 18. Dóre, iv. 288-292. In Mósi, iv. 559. Along the Upper Niger, v. 483, 494. In the country of the Wangaráwa, iv. 558.

Marriage ceremonies of the Kanúri, iii. 35, _note_. I shall here adduce what I forgot to remark with regard to Timbúktu, that there the young husband and his wife are obliged to remain three days at home after the marriage ceremony. Sanctity of marriage even among the pagan tribes, ii. 17, _passim_.

Márte town and inhabitants, iii. 126.

Más-eñá, capital of Bagírmi, its commerce and inhabitants, iii. 369-424. Ground-plan, 388. Palace of the Sultan, 389. Arrival of the Sultan, 401; his triumphal entry, 403.

Máshena, Bórnu town, ii. 188; v. 379. Interview with the governor of, ii. 179.

Másakwá (Holcus cernuus) cultivation of, in Bórnu, ii. 241. Got in in December and January, iii. 284.

Másina country on the Upper Niger. Description of principal districts, v. 475. Its ruler, iv. 458; 474, _note_. His hostility towards me, 495, _passim_.

Máuri district, places in, iv. 549.

Mʿawó town of Kánem, account of, iii. 481. Valleys in the neighbourhood, 483. Its ancient celebrity, 500.

Mbutúdi village, and its picturesque character described, ii. 425.

Méhedí, the expectation of his speedy appearance, iv. 359.

Méheres, town of, described, i. 5.

Méheri, swift camel, i. _passim_.

Mélé ferry, on the Shárí, iii. 318. Detained for the first time, 324; second time, 363.

Melle kingdom, iv. 586-589. Begins to decline, 592. Important in power and the gold trade, 593. Forms of government, 588. Cause of extinction, v. 502.

Méndefi mount, probably trachytic, ii. 395.

Merábetín identical with Aníslimen tribes, given to a holy life and study. The Merábetín of Tin-taghóde attack and pillage the expedition, i. 315. Suffer from a foray of the Awelímmid, 322. Are punished by the Sultan of Ágades, 440. Their warlike and revolutionary character, 492.

Merké fruit said to preserve horses from worms, iv. 111.

Mesállaje at Ágades, i. 449.

Meselláta, plain of, i. 75. Fortress, 77.

Mésheru well, surrounded by human bones, v. 441.

Meteorological Registers, i. 571; ii. 673; iii. 609; iv. 631; v. 655.

Mice, abundance of, i. 540.

Mínge village, v. 301. Visit to the governor, 303.

Mínta district, iv. 353.

Mírriya town described, iv. 76.