Chapter II: Preface: Page V

CHAPTER I.

DISCOVERY OF PERUVIAN BARK.

The Countess of Chinchon--Introduction of the use of bark into
Europe--M. La Condamine's first description of a
_chinchona_-tree--J. de Jussieu--Description
of the chinchona region--The different valuable species--The
discovery of quinine 1

CHAPTER II.

THE VALUABLE SPECIES OF CHINCHONA-TREES--THEIR HISTORY, THEIR
DISCOVERERS, AND THEIR FORESTS.

I. The Loxa region and its _crown barks_ 21

II. The "_red-bark_" region, on the western slopes of
Chimborazo 26

III. The New Granada region 27

IV. The Huanuco region in Northern Peru, and its
"_grey barks_" 30

V. The _Calisaya_ region in Bolivia and Southern Peru 35

CHAPTER III.

Rapid destruction of chinchona-trees in South America--Importance
of their introduction into other countries--M. Hasskarl's
mission--Chinchona plantations in Java 44

CHAPTER IV.

INTRODUCTION OF CHINCHONA-PLANTS INTO INDIA.

Preliminary arrangements 60

CHAPTER V.

Islay and Arequipa 69

CHAPTER VI.

Journey across the Cordillera to Puno 88

CHAPTER VII.

LAKE TITICACA.

The Aymara Indians--Their antiquities--Tiahuanaco--Coati--Sillustani
--Copacabana 108

CHAPTER VIII.

THE PERUVIAN INDIANS.

Their condition under Spanish colonial rule 117

CHAPTER IX.

Narrative of the insurrection of José Gabriel Tupac Amaru, the last
of the Incas 134

CHAPTER X.

Diego Tupac Amaru--Fate of the Inca's family--Insurrection of
Pumacagua 158

CHAPTER XI.

Journey from Puno to Crucero, the capital of Caravaya 180

CHAPTER XII.

THE PROVINCE OF CARAVAYA.

A short historical and geographical description 199

CHAPTER XIII.

Caravaya--The valley of Sandia 216

CHAPTER XIV.

Coca cultivation 232

CHAPTER XV.

CARAVAYA.

Chinchona forests of Tambopata 240

CHAPTER XVI.

General remarks on the chinchona-plants of Caravaya 267

CHAPTER XVII.

JOURNEY FROM THE FORESTS OF TAMBOPATA TO THE PORT OF ISLAY.

Establishment of the plants in Wardian cases 275

CHAPTER XVIII.

PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF PERU.

Population--Civil wars--Government--Constitution--General Castilla
and his ministers--Dr. Vigil--Mariano Paz Soldan--Valleys on the
coast--Cotton, wool, and specie--The Amazons--Guano--Finances
--Literature--Future prospects 288

CHAPTER XIX.

Mr. Spruce's expedition to procure plants and seeds of the
"red bark," or _C. succirubra_--Mr. Pritchett in the Huanuco region,
and the "grey barks"--Mr. Cross's proceedings at Loxa,
and collection of seeds of _C. Condaminea_ 313

CHAPTER XX.

CONVEYANCE OF CHINCHONA-PLANTS AND SEEDS FROM SOUTH AMERICA TO
INDIA.

Transmission of dried specimens--Voyages of plants in Wardian cases
--Arrival of plants and seeds in India--Depôt at Kew--Treatment of
plants in Wardian cases--Effects of introduction of chinchona-plants
into India on trade in South America--Neilgherry hills 331

TRAVELS IN INDIA.

CHAPTER XXI.

MALABAR.

Calicut--Houses and gardens--Population of Malabar--Namburi Brahmins
--Nairs--Tiars--Slaves--Moplahs--Assessment of rice-fields,
of gardens, of dry crops--Other taxes--Voyage up the Beypoor river
--The Conolly teak plantations--Wundoor--Backwood cultivation
--Sholacul--Sispara ghaut--Blackwood--Scenery--Sispara--View of the
Nellemboor valley--Avalanche--Arrival at Ootacamund 341

CHAPTER XXII.

NEILGHERRY HILLS.

Extent--Formation--Soil--Climate--Flora--Hill tribes--Todars
--Antiquities--Badagas--Koters--Kurumbers--Irulas--English
stations--Kotergherry--Ootacamund--Coonoor--Jakatalla--Government
gardens at Ootacamund and Kalhutty--Mr. McIvor--Coffee cultivation
--Rules for sale of waste lands--Forest conservancy 358

CHAPTER XXIII.

SELECTION OF SITES FOR CHINCHONA-PLANTATIONS ON THE NEILGHERRY
HILLS.

The Dodabetta site--The Neddiwuttum site 379

CHAPTER XXIV.

JOURNEY TO THE PULNEY HILLS.

Coonoor ghaut--Coimbatore--Pulladom--Cotton cultivation--Dharapurum
--A marriage procession--Dindigul--Ryotwarry tenure--Pulney hills
--Kodakarnal--Extent of the Pulneys--Formation--Soil--Climate
--Inhabitants--Flora--Suitability for chinchona cultivation--Forest
conservancy--Anamallay hills 390

CHAPTER XXV.

MADURA AND TRICHINOPOLY.

Arrive at Madura--Peopling of India--The Dravidian race--Brahmin
colonists in Southern India--Foundation of Madura--Pandyan dynasty
--Tamil literature--Aghastya--Naik dynasty--The Madura pagoda--The
Sangattar--The Choultry--Tirumalla Naik's palace--Caste prejudices
--Trichinopoly--Coleroon anicut--Rice cultivation--The palmyra
palm--Caroor--Return to the Neilgherries--Shervaroy hills
--Courtallum 408

CHAPTER XXVI.

MYSORE AND COORG.

Seegoor ghaut--Sandal-wood--Mysore--Seringapatam--Hoonsoor--The
tannery--Fraserpett--Mercara--The fort--The Rajahs of Coorg--The
Coorgs--Origin of the river Cauvery--Coorg--Climate--Coffee
cultivation--Sites for chinchona-plantations--Caryota Urens
--Virarajendrapett--Cardamom cultivation--Kumari--Poon, blackwood,
and teak--Pepper cultivation in Malabar--Cannanore--Nuggur and Baba
Bodeen hills--The Beebee of Cannanore--Compta--Sedashighur--Arrive
at Bombay 432

CHAPTER XXVII.

THE MAHABALESHWUR HILLS AND THE DECCAN.

Journey from Bombay to Malcolm-penth--The Mahabaleshwur hills--The
village and its temples--Elevation of the hills--Formation--Soil
--Climate--Vegetation--Sites for chinchona-plantations--Paunchgunny
--Waee--Its temples--The babool-tree--Shirwul--The village system
--Village officials--Barra-balloota--Cultivators--Festivals--Crops
and harvests--Poona--The Bhore ghaut--Return to Bombay 458

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Cultivation of the chinchona-plants in the Neilgherry hills, under
the superintendence of Mr. McIvor 483

CHAPTER XXIX.

CHINCHONA CULTIVATION.

Ceylon--Sikkim--Bhotan--Khassya hills--Pegu--Jamaica--Conclusion
509

APPENDIX A.

General Miller and the Foreign Officers who served in the Patriot
Armies of Chile and Peru, between 1817 and 1830 521

APPENDIX B.

Botanical descriptions of the genus Chinchona, and of the species
of Chinchonæ now growing in India and Ceylon 530

APPENDIX C.

Notes on the principal plants employed in India on account of their
real or supposed febrifuge virtues: by Alexander Smith, Esq. 546

APPENDIX D.

Report, by Mr. McIvor, on the cultivation of Chinchona-plants in
Southern India 566