Chapter XIII: Part III (5)

* Leaves smaller; on the old branches mostly opposite 2.

1. =Juníperus commùnis=, L. (COMMON JUNIPER.) Leaves rather long, ½ in., linear, awl-shaped, in whorls of threes, prickly-pointed, upper surface glaucous-white, under surface bright green. Fruit globular, ¼ in. or more in diameter, dark purple when ripe, covered with light-colored bloom. A shrub or small tree with spreading or pendulous branches; common in dry, sterile soils. There are a great many varieties of this species in cultivation, but few of them grow tall enough to be considered trees.

Var. _Hibernica_ (Irish Juniper) grows erect like a column. Var. _Alpina_ is a low creeping plant. Var. _hemispherica_ is almost like a half-sphere lying on the ground.

2. =Juníperus Virginiàna=, L. (RED CEDAR.) Leaves very small and numerous, scale-like on the older branches, but awl-shaped and somewhat spreading on the young shoots; dark green. Fruit small, 1/5 in., abundant on the pistillate plants, dark purple and covered with fine, glaucous bloom. Trees from 20 to 80 ft. high (sometimes only shrubs), with mostly horizontal branches, thin, scaling bark, dense habit of growth, and dark foliage. Wood light, fine-grained, durable; the heart-wood of a handsome dark red color. Wild throughout; several varieties are found in cultivation. Many other species from China, Japan, California, etc., are occasionally cultivated, but few are large enough to be called trees, and those that are large enough are not of sufficient importance to need specific notice.

GENUS =107. TÁXUS.=

Leaves evergreen, flat, linear, mucronate, rigid, scattered, appearing more or less 2-ranked. Fertile flowers and the fruit solitary; the fruit, a nut-like seed in a cup-shaped, fleshy portion formed from a disk; red.

=Táxus baccàta=, L. (COMMON EUROPEAN YEW.) Leaves evergreen, 2-ranked, crowded, linear, flat, curved, acute. Fruit a nut-like seed within a cup 1/3 in. in diameter; red when ripe in the autumn. As this species is somewhat dioecious, a portion of the plants will be without fruit. A widely spreading shrub rather than a tree, extensively cultivated under nearly a score of named varieties. We have a closely related wild species, =Táxus Canadénsis= (THE GROUND-HEMLOCK), which is merely a low straggling bush.

GENUS =1O7a. TORRÈYA.=

The Torreyas are much like the Yews, but their leaves have two longitudinal lines, and a remarkably disagreeable odor when burned or bruised. =Torrèya taxifòlia=, Arn., from Florida, and =Torrèya Califòrnica=, Torr., from California, have been often planted. They form small trees, but probably cannot be grown successfully in the region. The figure shows a twig of T. taxifolia.

GENUS =1O7b. CEPHALOTÁXUS.=

=Cephalotáxus Fortùnii=, Hook., does not form a tree in this section, but a wide-spreading bush growing sometimes to the height of 10 ft., and spreading over a spot 15 ft. wide. Leaves flat, with the midrib forming a distinct ridge on both sides, linear, sometimes over 2 in. long, glossy green on the upper side, slightly whitened beneath. Fruit very large, 1 in. or more long, elliptical, with a single, thin-shelled nut-like seed covered with purplish, pulpy, thin flesh. Branches spreading, drooping, long, slender; buds small, covered with many sharp-pointed, overlapping scales; twigs green, somewhat grooved. From Japan; about hardy in New Jersey.

GENUS =108. PODOCÁRPUS.=

Leaves one-nerved, opposite, alternate, or scattered, linear or oblong. Flowers axillary and mostly dioecious; fruit drupe-like, with a bony-coated stone.

=Podocárpus Japónica=, Sieb. (JAPAN PODOCARPUS.) Leaves alternate, crowded, flat, linear-lanceolate, elongated, quite sharp-pointed, narrowed to a short though distinct petiole, and continued down the stem by two ridges; leaves not 2-ranked, large, 4 to 8 in. long and ½ in. wide when growing in perfection; in specimens grown in this region, 2 to 5 in. long and ¼ in. wide; midrib forms a ridge on both sides; upper side dark glossy green; lower side with two broad whitish lines. A beautiful, erect-growing, small tree; from Japan; about hardy in central New Jersey; needs some protection in Massachusetts.

GENUS =109. SALISBÙRIA.=

Leaves broad, simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous, deeply cut or lobed at the apex, alike on both surfaces, with long petioles. Flowers dioecious; staminate ones in catkins, pistillate ones either solitary or in clusters of a few each. Fruit a nut with a drupaceous covering.

=Salisbùria adiantifòlia=, Sm. (GINKGO TREE.) Leaves parallel-veined, fan-shaped, with irregular lobes at the end, thick, leathery, with no midrib. Fruit globular or ovate, 1 in. long, on long, slender stems. A very peculiar and beautiful large tree, 50 to 100 ft. high; from Japan. Hardy throughout, and should be more extensively cultivated than it is.

GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS AND INDEX TO PART I.

The numbers refer to the pages where the illustrations appear or where fuller definitions of the words are given.

_Abortive._ Defective or barren; not producing seeds.

_Abrupt base of leaf_, 21.

_Abruptly pinnate._ Pinnate, without an odd leaflet at the end; even-pinnate, 20.

_Acerose._ Slender; needle-shaped, 20.

_Acorn_, 27.

_Acuminate._ Taper-pointed, 22.

_Acute._ Terminating in a well-defined angle, usually less than a right angle, 22.

_Adventitious buds_, 31.

_Alternate._ Not opposite each other; as the leaves of a stem when arranged one after the other along the branch, 18.

_Angulated._ Edge with such sudden bends as to form angles.

_Annual layer of wood_, 13.

_Anther._ The essential part of a stamen of a flower; the part which contains the pollen, 24.

_Apetalous._ Said of a flower which has no corolla, 25.

_Apex._ The point or summit, as the point of a leaf.

_Apple-pome._ A fruit like the apple, with seeds in horny cells, 27.

_Appressed._ Pressed close to the stem or other part, 19.

_Ariled._ Seed with a somewhat membranous appendage, sometimes surrounding it, and attached to one end.

_Aromatic._ With an agreeable odor.

_Arrangement of flowers_, 26; of leaves, 18.

_Astringent._ That which contracts or draws together muscular fiber; the opposite of laxative.

_Auriculate._ Furnished with ear-shaped appendages, 21.

_Awl-shaped._ Like a shoemaker's curved awl; subulate, 21.

_Awned._ Furnished with a bristle-shaped appendage, 22.

_Axil._ The angle between the leafstalk and the twig, 14.

_Axillary._ Situated in the axil; as a bud, branch, or flower-cluster when in the axil of a leaf, 14, 26, 30.

_Bark_, 12.

_Bases of leaves_, 21.

_Berry._ Used in this work to include any soft, juicy fruit with several (at least more than one), readily separated seeds buried in the mass, 27.

_Bipinnate._ Twice-pinnate, 20.

_Bladdery._ Swollen out and filled with air.

_Blade._ The thin, spreading portion, as of a leaf, 19.

_Bract._ A more or less modified leaf belonging to a flower or fruit; usually a small leaf in the axil of which the separate flower of a cluster grows, 28.

_Branch._ A shoot or stem of a plant, 11.

_Branching_, general plan of, 29.

_Branchlet._ A small branch.

_Bristle-pointed._ Ending in a stiff, roundish hair, 22.

_Bud._ Undeveloped branch or flower, 30; forms of, 32; bud-scales, 31.

_Bur._ Rough-prickly covering of the seeds or fruit, 27.

_Bush._ A shrub, 11.

_Calyx._ The outer leafy part of a flower, 24.

_Canescent._ With a silvery appearance, 23.

_Capsule._ A dry, pod-like fruit which has either more than one cell, or, if of one cell, not such a pod as that of the pea with the seeds fastened on one side on a single line, 28.

_Carpel._ That part of a fruit which is formed of a simple pistil, or one member of a compound pistil; often shown by a single seed-bearing line or part. A fruit has as many carpels as it has seed-bearing lines on its outer walls, or as it had stigmas when it was a pistil, or as it had leaves at its origin.

_Catkin._ A scaly, usually slender and pendent cluster of flowers, 26, 28.

_Ciliate._ Fringed with hairs along its edge.

_Cleft._ Cut to about the middle, 22.

_Cluster._ Any grouping of flowers or fruit on a plant, so that more than one is found in the axil of a leaf, or at the end of a stem, 26.

_Complete._ Having all the parts belonging to an organ; a _complete leaf_ has blade, leafstalk, and stipules, 19; a _complete flower_ has calyx, corolla, stamen, and pistil, 24.

_Compound._ Composed of more than one similar part united into a whole; a _compound leaf_ has more than one blade, 19.

_Conduplicate._ Folded on itself lengthwise, 33.

_Cone._ A hard, scaly fruit, as that of a pine-tree, 28.

_Conical._ With a circular base and sloping sides gradually tapering to a point; more slender than pyramidal.

_Convolute._ In a leaf, the complete rolling from edge to edge, 34.

_Cordate._ Heart-shaped, the stem and point at opposite ends, 21.

_Coriaceous._ Leathery in texture or substance.

_Corolla._ The inner, usually the bright-colored, row of floral leaves, often grown together, 24.

_Corymb._ A flat-topped or rounded flower-cluster; in a strict use it is applied only to such clusters when the central flower does not bloom first. See _cyme_, 26.

_Crenate._ Edge notched with rounded teeth, 22.

_Crenulate._ Finely crenated, 22.

_Crisped._ Having an undulated or curled edge.

_Cross-section of wood_, 35.

_Cuneate._ Wedge-shaped, 21.

_Cylindric._ With an elongated, rounded body of uniform diameter.

_Cyme._ A flat-topped flower-cluster, the central flower blooming first, 26.

_Deciduous._ Falling off; said of leaves when they fall in autumn, and of floral leaves when they fall before the fruit forms, 23.

_Decurrent leaf._ A leaf which extends down the stem below the point of fastening.

_Definite annual growth_, 29.

_Dehiscence._ The regular splitting open of fruits, anthers, etc.

_Dehiscent._ Opening in a regular way, 27, 28.

_Deliquescent_, 16, 29.

_Deltoid._ Triangular, 21.

_Dentate._ Edge notched, with the teeth angular and pointing outward, 22.

_Denticulate._ Minutely dentate.

_Dichotomous._ Forking regularly by twos, as the branches of the Lilac.

_Dilated._ Spreading out; expanding in all directions.

_Dioecious._ With stamens and pistils on different plants, 25.

_Distichous._ Two-ranked; spreading on opposite sides in one plane; as _leaves_, 18; or _branches_, 19.

_Divergent._ Spreading apart.

_Divided._ Separated almost to the base or midrib, 23.

_Drupe._ A fleshy fruit with a single bony stone. In this book applied to all fruits which, usually juicy, have a single seed, even if not bony, or a bony stone, even if the stone has several seeds, 27.

_Dry drupe._ Used when the material surrounding the stone is but slightly fleshy, 27.

_Duration of leaves_, 23.

_Elliptical._ Having the form of an elongated oval, 20.

_Emarginate._ With a notched tip, 22.

_Endogenous._ Inside-growing; growing throughout the substance of the stem, 12.

_Entire._ With an even edge; not notched, 22.

_Enveloping organs._ In a flower, the calyx and corolla which cover the stamens and pistil, 25.

_Essential organs._ In a flower, the organs needed to produce seeds; the stamens and pistil, 25.

_Evergreen._ Retaining the leaves (in a more or less green condition) through the winter and till new ones appear, 23.

_Excurrent._ With the trunk continued to the top of the tree, 16, 29.

_Exogenous._ Outside-growing; growing by annual layers near the surface, 11.

_Exserted._ Projecting beyond an envelope, as the stamens from a corolla, or the bracts beyond the scales of a cone, 28.

_Exstipulate._ Without stipules, 19.

_Extra-axillary buds_, 30.

_Fasciculated._ In clusters or fascicles, 18.

_Feather-veined._ With the veins of a leaf all springing from the sides of the midrib, 20.

_Fibrous._ Composed of fine threads or fibers.

_Filament._ The stalk of a stamen, 24; any thread-like body.

_Flowering._ Having flowers.

_Flowers_, 24; clusters of, 26; kinds of, 25.

_Folding of leaves in the bud_, 33.

_Foliaceous._ Like a leaf in texture or appearance.

_Footstalk._ The stem of a leaf (petiole), or the stem of a flower (peduncle).

_Forms of leaves_, 20.

_Fruit_, 24, 26.

_Gamopetalous._ Same as monopetalous, 25.

_Glabrous._ Having a smooth surface; free from hairs, bristles, or any pubescence, 23.

_Glands._ Small cellular organs which secrete oily, aromatic, or other products. They are sometimes sunk in the leaves, etc., as on the Prickly-ash; sometimes on the surface as small projections; sometimes on the ends of hairs. The word is also used to indicate small swellings, whether there is a secretion or not.

_Glandular._ Having glands. _Glandular-hairy._ With glandular-tipped hairs, 23.

_Glaucous._ Covered with a fine white powder that rubs off, 23.

_Globose._ Spherical in form. _Globular._ Nearly globose.

_Glutinous._ Covered with a sticky gum.

_Hairy._ Having rather long hairs, 23.

_Halberd-shaped_, 21.

_Head._ A compact, rounded cluster of flowers or fruit, 26.

_Heart-shaped._ Ovate, with a notched base; cordate, 21.

_Heart-wood_, 13, 35.

_Herbaceous._ Without woody substance in the stem; like an herb; soft and leaf-like.

_Hybrid._ An intermediate form of plant between two nearly related species; formed by the action of the pollen of one upon the pistil of the other.

_Imbricated._ Overlapping one another like the shingles on a roof, 28.

_Incised._ Irregularly and deeply cut, as the edge of a leaf.

_Incurved._ Gradually curving inward.

_Indefinite annual growth_, 30.

_Indehiscent._ Not splitting open.

_Inflexed._ Bent inward, 33.

_Involucre._ A whorl or set of bracts around a flower, a cluster of flowers, or fruit, 27.

_Involute._ Rolled inward from the edges, 34.

_Irregular._ Said of a flower which has its corolla of different sized, shaped, or colored pieces, 25.

_Kernel._ The substance contained within the shell of a nut or the stone of a fruit.

_Key._ A fruit furnished with a wing, or leaf-like expansion, 28.

_Kidney-shaped._ Broadly heart-shaped, with the apex and basal notch somewhat rounded.

_Lacerated._ With a margin irregularly notched or apparently torn.

_Laciniate._ Cut into narrow lobes; slashed.

_Lance-shaped._ _Lanceolate._ Like a lance-head in shape, 21.

_Leaf_, 17; arrangement of leaves, 18; bases of, 21; forms of, 20; kinds of, 19; margins of, 22; parts of, 19; points of, 22; veining, 19.

_Leaflet._ A separate blade of a compound leaf, 20.

_Leafstalk._ The stem of a leaf; petiole, 19.

_Legume._ A pea-like pod, 28.

_Lensform._ _Lenticular._ Thickest in the center, with the edges somewhat sharp; like a double-convex lens.

_Linear._ Long and narrow, with the edges about parallel, 20.

_Lobe._ The separate, projecting parts of an irregularly edged leaf if few in number, 22.

_Lobed._ Having lobes along the margin, 22.

_Margin of leaves_, 22.

_Medullary rays_, 13.

_Membranous._ Thin and rather soft, and more or less translucent, 23.

_Midrib._ The central or main rib of a leaf, 19.

_Monoecious._ With both pistillate and staminate flowers on the same plant, 25.

_Monopetalous._ With the corolla more or less grown together at the base; gamopetalous, 25.

_Mucronate._ Tipped with a short abrupt point, 22.

_Multiple roots_, 9.

_Nerved._ Parallel-veined, as the leaves of some trees, 20.

_Netted-veined._ With branching veins, forming a network as in the leaves of most of our trees, 20.

_Node._ The part of a stem to which a leaf is attached, 18.

_Nut._ A hard, unsplitting, usually one-seeded fruit, 27.

_Nutlet._ A small nut.

_Obcordate._ Heart-shaped, with the stem at the pointed end, 21, 22.

_Oblanceolate._ Lanceolate, with the stem at the more pointed end, 21.

_Oblong._ Two to four times as long as wide, with the sides somewhat parallel, 20.

_Oblique._ Applied to leaves when the sides are unequal, 21.

_Obovate._ A reversed ovate, 21.

_Obovoid._ A reversed ovoid; an egg form, with stem at the smaller end.

_Obscurely._ Not distinctly; usually needing a magnifying-glass to determine.

_Obtuse._ Blunt or rounded at tip, 22.

_Obvolute_, 34.

_Odd-pinnate._ Pinnate, with an end leaflet, 20.

_Once-pinnate._ A compound leaf, with but a single series of leaflets along the central stem, 19.

_Opposite._ With two leaves on opposite sides of a stem at a node, 18.

_Orbicular._ Circular in outline, 20.

_Oval._ Broadly elliptical, 20.

_Ovary._ The part of the pistil of a flower containing the ovules or future seeds.

_Ovate._ Shaped like a section of an egg, with the broader end near the stem, 21.

_Overlapping._ One piece spreading over another.

_Ovoid._ Ovate or oval in a solid form, like an egg.

_Ovules._ The parts within the ovary which may form seeds, 25.

_Palmate._ A compound leaf, with the leaflets all starting from the end of the petiole, 19.

_Palmately lobed_, 22.

_Palmately veined._ With three or more main ribs, or veins of a leaf, starting from the base, 20.

_Panicle._ An open, much branched cluster of flowers or fruit, 26.

_Pappus._ The down, hairs, or teeth on the end of the fruit in Compositæ, as the thistle-down.

_Parallel-veined._ With the veins of the leaf parallel; nerved, 20.

_Parted._ Edge of a blade separated three fourths of the distance to the base or midrib, 23.

_Pedicel._ The stem of each flower of a cluster, 26.

_Peduncle._ The stem of a solitary flower, or the main stem of a cluster, 26.

_Pellucid._ Almost or quite transparent.

_Peltate._ Applied to a leaf or other part when the stem or stalk is attached within the margin on the side.

_Pendent._ Hanging downward, 28.

_Pendulous._ Hanging or drooping.

_Perfect._ Said of a flower with both stamen and pistil, 25.

_Petal._ A leaf of the corolla of a flower, 25.

_Petiole._ The stalk or stem of a leaf, 19.

_Petiolate._ Said of a leaf which has a stem, 20.

_Pinnæ._ The first divisions of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf.

_Pinnate leaf._ A compound leaf with the leaflets arranged along the sides of the stem, 19.

_Pinnately lobed_, 22; _Pinnate-veined_, 20.

_Pinnatifid._ A leaf deeply notched along the sides in a pinnate manner, 23.

_Pistil._ The central essential organ of a flower, 25.

_Pistillate._ A flower with pistil but no stamens, 25.

_Pith_, 12.

_Plicate._ Folded like a fan, 34.

_Pod._ A dry dehiscent fruit like that of the pea, 28.

_Points of leaves_, 22.

_Pollarding trees_, 31.

_Pollen._ The dust or fertilizing material contained in the anther, 24.

_Polypetalous._ Having a corolla of separate petals, 25.

_Pome._ An apple-like fruit with the seeds in horny cells, 27.

_Preparation of a collection_, 35.

_Pressing plants_, 36.

_Prickles._ Sharp, spine-like elevations on the bark, leaf or fruit, 28.

_Primary root_, 10.

_Pubescent._ Hairy or downy, especially with fine soft hairs or pubescence, 23.

_Pulp._ The soft flesh of such fruits as the apple or cherry.

_Punctate._ With translucent glands, 23.

_Pyramidal._ With sloping sides like a pyramid, but with a circular base; broad-conical.

_Raceme._ A flower-cluster with one-flowered stems arranged along the peduncle, 26.

_Radial section of wood_, 35.

_Radiating ribs._ The ribs of a leaf when several start together at or near the base. A leaf having such ribs is said to be radiately or palmately veined, 20.

_Rapier-shaped._ Narrow, pointed, and curved like a sword.

_Recurved_ or _reflexed_. Bent backward, 28.

_Regular._ Said of a flower which has its enveloping organs alike on all sides, 25.

_Repand._ Wavy-margined, 22.

_Retuse._ With a slightly notched tip, 22.

_Revolute._ Rolled backward, as the edges of many leaves, 22, 34.

_Ribbed._ With prominent ribs, often somewhat parallel.

_Ribs._ The strong veins of a leaf, 19.

_Root_, 9.

_Rugous._ Having an irregularly ridged surface, 23.

_Samara._ A winged fruit; a key fruit, 28.

_Sap-wood_, 13.

_Scabrous._ Rough or harsh to the touch, 23.

_Scale-shaped_, 21.

_Scarious._ Thin, dry, and membranous, 23.

_Scattered leaves_, 18.

_Secondary roots_, 10.

_Section of wood_, 35.

_Seedling._ A young plant raised from a seed.

_Seeds_, 25.

_Sepal._ A division of a calyx, 25.

_Serrate._ Having a notched edge, with the teeth pointing forward, 22.

_Serration._ A tooth of a serrated edge.

_Serrulate._ Finely serrate, 22.

_Sessile._ Without stem; sessile leaf, 20; sessile flower, 26.

_Sheath._ A tubular envelope.

_Shoot._ A branch.

_Shrub._ A bush-like plant; one branching from near the base, 11.

_Silver grain._ _Medullary rays_, 13, 36.

_Simple leaf._ One with but a single blade, 19.

_Sinuate._ With a margin strongly wavy, 22.

_Sinuation._ One of the waves of a sinuate edge.

_Spatulate._ Gradually narrowed downward from a rounded tip.

_Spike._ An elongated cluster of flowers with the separate blossoms about sessile.

_Spine._ A sharp, rigid outgrowth from the wood of a stem; sometimes applied to sharp points not so deeply seated which should be considered as prickles, 28.

_Spinescent_ or _spiny_. Having spines, 22, 23.

_Spray._ A collection of small shoots or branches of a plant.

_Stamen._ One of the pollen-bearing or fertilizing parts of a flower, 24.

_Staminate._ Said of flowers which have stamens but no pistil, 25.

_Stellate._ Branching, star-like.

_Stems and branches_, 11.

_Stipules._ Small blades at the base of a leafstalk, 19.

_Straight-veined._ Feather-veined with the veins straight and parallel, 20.

_Striate._ Marked with fine longitudinal lines or ridges.

_Sub._ A prefix applied to many botanical terms, and indicating nearly.

_Subulate._ Awl-shaped, 21.

_Succulent._ Thick and fleshy, 23.

_Suckers._ Shoots from a subterranean part of a plant.

_Surface of leaves and fruit_, 23.

_Tangential section of wood_, 35.

_Tapering._ Gradually pointed; gradually narrowed, 21.

_Tap-root._ A simple root with a stout tapering body, 9.

_Terete._ Cylindric, but tapering as the twigs of a tree.

_Terminal._ Belonging to the extremity of a branch, as a _terminal bud_, 14; or _terminal flower-cluster_, 26.

_Texture of leaves_, 23.

_Thyrsus._ A compact, much-branched flower- or fruit-cluster, 26.

_Tomentose._ Covered with matted, woolly hairs, 23.

_Toothed._ With teeth or short projections.

_Tree._ A plant with a woody trunk which does not branch near the ground, 11.

_Truncate._ With a square end as though cut off, 22.

_Twice-pinnate._ Applied to a leaf which is twice divided in a pinnate manner, 20.

_Twice-serrate_, 22. _Twice-crenate_, 22.

_Two-ranked._ Applied to leaves when they are flattened out in two ranks on opposite sides of a stem, 18; also applied to spray when it branches out in one plane, 19.

_Umbel._ A cluster of flowers or fruit having stems of about equal length, and starting from the same point, 26.

_Umbellate._ Like an umbel.

_Valvate._ Touching edge to edge, 28.

_Veining of leaves_, 19.

_Veinlets._ The most minute framework of a leaf, 19.

_Veins._ The smaller lines of the framework of a leaf, 19.

_Wedge-shaped._ Shaped like a wedge; cuneate, 21.

_Whorl._ In a circle around the stem, as the leaves of a plant, 18.

_Wings._ A blade or leaf-like expansion bordering a part, as a fruit or stem, 28.

_Winged._ With wing-like membranes.

_Winter study of trees_, 29.

_Wood_, 12.

INDEX TO PART III.

Abele-tree, 168.

Abies, 183-187.

Acanthopanax, 110.

Acer, 84-88.

Acuminate-leaved Clethra, 117.

Æsculus, 81-83.

African Cedar, 190.

Ailanthus, 76.

Albizzia, 96.

Alcock's Spruce, 181.

Alder, 147, 148.

Alleghany Plum, 98.

Alnus, 147, 148.

Alternate-leaved Cornel, 112.

Amelanchier, 107.

Anacardiaceæ, 89.

Angelica-tree, 109.

Angiospermæ, 62.

Anonaceæ, 68.

Apple, 101.

Aralia, 109, 110.

Araliaceæ, 109.

Araucaria, 190.

Arbor-vitæ, American, 194.
Chinese, 194.
Eastern, 194.
Giant, 194.
Hatchet-leaved, 194.
Japanese, 196.
Weeping, 195.

Arrow-wood, 114.

Ash, Black, 124.
Blue, 124.
European, 124.
Flowering, 125.
Green, 123.
Red, 123.
Water, 124.
Weeping, 125.
White, 123.

Ash-colored Willow, 167.

Ash-leaved Maple, 89.

Asimina, 68.

Aspen, 168.

Austrian Pine, 175.

Baccharis, 115.

Bald Cypress, 192.

Balm of Gilead, 170.

Balsam-fir, 183, 184.

Balsam-poplar, 170.

Barren Oak, 158.

Bartram's Oak, 152.

Basket-oak, 154.

Basswood, 72, 73.

Bay, Red, 130.

Bay Willow, 164, 165.

Beaked Hazelnut, 149.

Beaked Willow, 166.

Bean-trefoil Tree, 92.

Bear Scrub Oak, 157.

Beech, American, 161.
Blue, 151.
Cut-leaved, 161.
European, 161.
Purple, 161.
Silver Variegated, 161.
Water, 151.

Benjamin-bush, 131.

Betula, 144-147.

Bhotan Pine, 172.

Bignoniaceæ, 127.

Bignonia Family, 127.

Big Shellbark, 142.

Big Tree of California, 192.

Bilsted, 108.

Biota, 193.

Birch, American White, 145.
Black, 146.
Canoe, 145.
Cherry, 146.
Cut-leaved, 146.
European White, 146.
Gray, 145, 146.
Hairy-leaved, 146.
Paper, 145.
Purple-leaved, 146.
Pyramidal, 146.
Red, 147.
River, 147.
Sweet, 146.
Weeping, 146.
Yellow, 146.

Bird-cherry, 99, 100.

Bitternut, 143.

Bixineæ, 67.

Black Ash, 124.
Birch, 146.
Cherry, 99.
Gum, 112.
Haw, 114.
Hawthorn, 106.
Oak, 156, 158.
Pine, 175.
Poplar, 170.
Scrub Oak, 157.
Spruce, 179.
Sugar-maple, 86.
Walnut, 141.
Willow, 163.

Blackthorn, 98.

Blue Ash, 124.
Beech, 151.

Bog Willow, 166.

Bow-wood, 137.

Box Elder, 89.
White Oak, 153.

Boxwood, 133.

Bristly Locust, 94.

Brittle Willow, 163.

Broom-hickory, 143.

Buckeye, 82, 83.

Buckthorn, California, 80.
Carolina, 79.
Common, 79.
Southern, 119.
Woolly-leaved, 118.

Buckthorn Family, 79.

Buffalo-berry, 132.

Bullace Plum, 98.

Bumelia, 118, 119.

Burning-bush, 78.

Bur-Oak, 153.

Butternut, 140.

Buttonwood, 139.

Buxus, 132, 133.

Calico-bush, 116.

California Buckthorn, 80.
Maple, 86.

Camellia Family, 69.

Canoe Birch, 145.

Caprifoliaceæ, 113.

Caragana, 92.

Carolina Buckthorn, 79.
Poplar, 169.

Carpinus, 150, 151.

Carya, 141-144.

Cashew Family, 89.

Castanea, 159, 160.

Catalpa, 128, 129.

Caucasian Planer-tree, 136.

Cedar, African, 190.
Deodar, 190.
Indian, 190.
Japan, 198.
Lebanon, 189.
Mt. Atlas, 190.
Red, 199.
Silver, 190.
White, 194, 195.

Cedrela, 76.

Cedrus, 189, 190.

Celastraceæ, 78.

Celtis, 136, 137.

Cembra Pine, 173.

Cephalonian Silver Fir, 185.

Cephalotaxus, 200.

Cercidiphyllum, 67.

Cercis, 94.

Chaste-tree, 130.

Cherry, 99, 100.

Cherry Birch, 146.

Cherry, Cornelian, 111.

Chestnut, 160.

Chestnut-oak, 154, 155.

Chickasaw Plum, 98.

Chile Pine, 190.

China-tree, 75.

Chinese Arbor-vitæ, 194.
Cedrela, 76.
Cork-tree, 74.
Honey-locust, 96.
Parasol, 72.
Sumac, 91.
White Magnolia, 65.

Chinquapin, 160.

Chionanthus, 126.

Choke-cherry, 100.

Cilician Silver Fir, 186.

Cladrastis, 93.

Clammy Locust, 94.

Clerodendron, 129.

Clethra, 117, 118.

Club, Hercules', 109.

Cockspur Thorn, 104.

Coffee-tree, Kentucky, 95.

Colchicum-leaved Maple, 87.

Compositæ, 115.

Coniferæ, 170.

Cork-bark Maple, 87.

Cork Elm, 134.

Cork-tree, Chinese, 74.

Cornaceæ, 110.

Cornel, 111, 112.

Cornelian Cherry, 111.

Cornus, 110-112.

Corsican Pine, 175.

Corylus, 149.

Cottonwood, 169.

Cow-oak, 154.

Crab-apple, 101.

Crack-willow, 163.

Cranberry-tree, 114.

Crape-myrtle, 109.

Cratægus, 103-106.

Crisped-leaved Elm, 134.

Cryptomeria, 198.

Cucumber-tree, 63, 64.

Cunninghamia, 191.

Cupuliferæ, 144.

Custard-apple Family, 68.

Cut-leaved Birch, 146.
Alder, 148.

Cypress, Bald, 192.
Lawson's, 196.
Nootka Sound, 195.
Southern, 192.

Dahoon Holly, 77.

Date-plum, 120.

Deodar Cedar, 190.

Devil-wood, 125.

Diospyros, 119, 120.

Dogwood, Flowering, 111.
Poison, 90.

Dotted-fruited Hawthorn, 106.

Double Spruce, 179.

Downy-leaved Poplar, 169.

Dwarf Chestnut-oak, 155.

Dwarf Mountain Sumac, 90.

Ear-leaved Umbrella-tree, 64.

Eastern Spruce, 181.

Ebenaceæ, 119.

Ebony Family, 119.

Elæagnaceæ, 131.

Elæagnus, 131, 132.

Elder-leaved Mountain Ash, 102.

Elder, Poison, 90.

Elm, American, 135.
Cork, 134.
Crisped-leaved, 134.
English, 134.
Field, 134.
Kiaka, 136.
Red, 134.
Rock, 134.
Scotch, 134.
Slippery, 134.
Wahoo, 135.
Weeping, 134.
White, 135.
White-margined, 134.
Winged, 135.
Witch, 134.

English Elm, 134.
Cherry, 99.
Hawthorn, 104.
Maple, 87.
Oak, 158.
Walnut, 141.

Ericaceæ, 116.

Euonymus, 78.

Euphorbiaceæ, 132.

Fagus, 160, 161.

Fate-tree, 129.

Field Elm, 134.

Figwort Family, 127.

Filbert, 149.

Fir, Balsam, 183, 184.
Cephalonian Silver, 185.
Cilician Silver, 186.
European Silver, 187.
Fraser's Balsam, 184.
Great Silver, 185.
Japan Silver, 184.
Noble Silver, 187.
Nordmann's Silver, 184.
Pinsapo, 186.
Scotch, 177.
Siberian Silver, 185.
Silver, 184-187.
Southern Balsam, 184.
White, 186.

Flowering Ash, 125.
Dogwood, 111.

Four-winged Silverbell Tree, 121.

Fraser's Balsam-fir, 184.

Fraxinus, 122-125.

French Tamarisk, 69.

Fringe-tree, 126.

Garden Plum, 99.
Red Cherry, 99.

Garland Crab-apple, 101.

Giant Arbor-vitæ, 194.
Tree Lilac, 126.

Ginkgo-tree, 201.

Gleditschia, 95, 96.

Goat-willow, 166.

Golden-chain, 92.

Golden Larch, 189.

Gordonia, 70.

Gray Birch, 145, 146.
Pine, 178.
Willow, 167.

Great Laurel, 117.

Great-leaved Magnolia, 64.

Great Silver Fir, 185.
Tree of California, 192.

Green Ash, 123.

Groundsel-tree, 115.

Gum, Black, 112.
Sour, 112, 113.
Sweet, 108.

Gymnocladus, 95.

Gymnospermæ, 170.

Hackberry, 136.

Hackmatack, 188.

Halesia, 121.

Hamamelideæ, 107.

Hamamelis, 107.

Hatchet-leaved Arbor-vitæ, 194.

Haw, Black, 114.
Summer, 106.
Yellow, 106.

Hawthorn, Black, 106.
Dotted-fruited, 106.
English, 104.
Pear, 106.
Tall, 105.

Hazel, 149.

Hazelnut, 149.

Heart-leaved Alder, 148.
Willow, 165.

Heath Family, 116.

Heavy-wooded Pine, 174.

Hemlock, Common, 182.
Ground, 199.
Japan, 182.
Mountain, 182.

Hercules'-Club, 109.

Hibiscus, 71.

Hickory, Big Shellbark, 142.
Broom, 143.
Shagbark, 142.
Shellbark, 142.
Swamp, 143.
White-heart, 142.

Himalayan Spruce, 181.

Hoary Alder, 147.

Holly, 77.

Holly Family, 77.

Honey-locust, 95, 96.

Honeysuckle Family, 113.

Hop-hornbeam, 150.

Hop-tree, 74.

Hornbeam, 151.

Horse-chestnut, 81, 82.

Horse-sugar, 122.

Hovenia, 80.

Idesia, 67.

Ilex, 77, 78.

Ilicineæ, 77.

Imperial Paulownia, 127.

Indian Bean, 128.
Cedar, 190.

Irish Juniper, 199.

Iron-wood, 150.

Japan Arbor-vitæ, 196.
Cedar, 198.
Hemlock, 182.
Larch, 188.
Lilac, 126.
Magnolia, 65.
Maple, 88.
Persimmon, 120.
Planer-tree, 136.
Pine, 176.
Podocarpus, 201.
Silver Fir, 184.
Storax, 120.

Jersey Pine, 177.

Judas-tree, 94.

Juglandaccæ, 140.

Juglans, 140, 141.

Jujube, 80.

Juniper, 198, 199.

Juniperus, 198, 199.

Kalmia, 116.

Katsura-tree, 67.

Kentucky Coffee-tree, 95.

Kiaka Elm, 136.

Kilmarnock Willow, 166.

Kingnut, 142.

Koelreuteria, 83.

Laburnum, 92.

Lagerstroemia, 109.

Lambert's Pine, 172.

Larch, American, 188.
European, 188.
Golden, 189.
Japan, 188.

Large-flowered Magnolia, 63.

Large-leaved Maple, 86.

Large-toothed Aspen, 168.

Large Tupelo, 113.

Larix, 187-189.

Lauraceæ, 130.

Laurel, 116, 117.

Laurel Family, 130.

Laurel-leaved Willow, 165.

Laurel-oak, 158.

Lawson's Cypress, 196.

Lebanon Cedar, 189.

Leguminosæ, 92.

Lilac, 126.

Linden, 72, 73.

Linden Family, 72.

Lindera, 131.

Liquidambar, 108.

Liriodendron, 66.

Live-oak, 155.

Loblolly Bay, 70.
Pine, 174.

Locust, Bristly, 94.
Clammy, 94.
Common, 93.
Honey, 95, 96.

Lombardy Poplar, 169.

Long-leaved Pine, 174.
Willow, 167.

Long-racemed Buckeye, 83.

Lonicera, 115.

Loosestrife Family, 108.

Lythraceæ, 108.

Maclura, 137.

Madeira Nut, 141.

Magnolia, Chinese White, 65.
Great-leaved, 64.
Japan, 65.
Large-flowered, 63.
Purple Japan, 66.
Southern Evergreen, 63.
Swamp, 63.
Thurber's Japan, 66.

Magnoliaceæ, 62.

Magnolia Family, 62.

Mallow Family, 71.

Malvaceæ, 71.

Maple, Ash-leaved, 89.
California, 86.
Colchicum-leaved, 87.
Cork-bark, 87.
English, 87.
Japan, 88.
Large-leaved, 86.
Mountain, 84.
Norway, 87.
Palmate-leaved, 88.
Red, 85.
Rock, 86.
Round-leaved, 88.
Silver, 85.
Striped, 85.
Sugar, 86.
Sycamore, 86.
Tartarian, 88.
Vine, 88.
White, 85.

Masson's Pine, 175.

Melia, 75.

Meliaceæ, 75.

Melia Family, 75.

Mockernut, 142, 143.

Morello Cherry, 99.

Morus, 137, 138.

Mossy-cup Oak, 153.

Mountain Ash, 102, 103.
Hemlock, 182.
Laurel, 116.
Maple, 84.
Pine, 173, 177.
Sumac, 90.

Mount Atlas Cedar, 190.

Mulberry, 138.
Paper, 138.

Myrtle, Crape, 109.

Narrow-leaved Crab-apple, 101.

Necklace-poplar, 169.

Negundo, 88, 89.

Noble Silver Fir, 187.

Nootka Sound Cypress, 195.

Nordmann's Silver Fir, 184.

Northern Prickly Ash, 73.
Scrub Pine, 178.

Norway Maple, 87.
Spruce, 180.

Nut, Bitter, 143.
Hickory, 142, 143.
King, 142.
Mocker, 142, 143.
Pecan, 144.
Pig, 143.

Nut-pine, 178.

Nyssa, 112, 113.

Oak, American White, 153.
Barren, 158.
Bartram's, 152.
Basket, 154.
Bear Scrub, 157.
Black, 156, 158.
Black Scrub, 157.
Box White, 153.
Bur, 153.
Chestnut, 154, 155.
Cow, 154.
English, 158.
Laurel, 158.
Live, 155.
Mossy-cup, 153.
Pin, 156.
Post, 153, 154.
Pyramidal, 159.
Quercitron, 156.
Red, 156.
Rough, 153.
Scarlet, 156.
Scrub, 157.
Shingle, 158.
Spanish, 156, 157.
Swamp, 154, 156.
Turkey, 159.
Water, 157.
Weeping, 159.
White, 153, 154.
Willow, 158.
Yellow, 155, 156.

Oak Family, 144.

Oak-leaved Alder, 148.
Mountain-ash, 102.

Ohio Buckeye, 82.

Old-field Pine, 174.

Oleaceæ, 122.

Oleaster Family, 131.

Olive Family, 122.

Orange, Osage, 137.

Oriental Plane, 139.
Spruce, 181.

Osage Orange, 137.

Osmanthus, 125.

Ostrya, 150.

Oxydendrum, 116.

Palmate-leaved Japan Maple, 88.

Papaw, 68.

Paper Birch, 145.
Mulberry, 138.

Parsley-leaved Thorn, 105.

Paulownia, 127.

Peach, 97.

Pear Hawthorn, 106.

Pear-tree, 101.

Pea-tree, 92.

Pecan-nut, 144.

Pepperbush, 117, 118.

Pepperidge, 112.

Persea, 130.

Persimmon, 119, 120.

Phellodendron, 74.

Picea, 179-181.

Pignut, 143.

Pine, Austrian, 175.
Bhotan, 172.
Black, 175.
Cembra, 173.
Chile, 190.
Corsican, 175.
Gray, 178.
Heavy-wooded, 174.
Japan, 176.
Jersey, 177.
Lambert's, 172.
Loblolly, 174.
Long-leaved, 174.
Masson's, 175.
Mountain, 173, 177.
Nut, 178.
Old-field, 174.
Piñon, 178.
Pitch, 174.
Red, 176.
Scotch, 177.
Scrub, 177, 178.
Stone, 173.
Sugar, 172.
Swiss Stone, 173.
Table-Mountain, 177.
Twisted-branched, 177.
Umbrella, 191.
Weymouth, 172.
White, 172, 173.
Yellow, 174,176.

Pine Family, 170.

Pin-oak, 156.

Piñon Pine, 178.

Pinsapo Fir, 186.

Pitch-pine, 174.

Pinus Austriaca, 175.
Banksiana, 178.
Cembra, 173.
contorta, 177.
densiflora, 176.
edulis, 178.
excelsa, 172.
flexilis, 173.
inops, 177.
Lambertiana, 172.
Laricio, 175.
Massoniana, 175.
mitis, 176.
monophylla, 178.
monticola, 173.
palustris, 174.
ponderosa, 174.
pungens, 177.
resinosa, 176.
rigida, 174.
strobus, 172.
sylvestris, 177.
Tæda, 174.

Plane, Oriental, 139.

Planera, 135, 136.

Planer-tree, 136.

Plane-tree Family, 139.

Platanaceæ, 139.

Platanus, 139.

Plum, 98, 99.

Plum, Date, 120.

Podocarpus, 200, 201.

Poison Dogwood, 90.
Elder, 90.
Sumac, 90.

Pomegranate-tree, 108.

Populus, 167-170.

Poplar, Balsam, 170.
Black, 170.
Carolina, 169.
Downy-leaved, 169.
Lombardy, 169.
Necklace, 169.
White, 168.

Post-oak, 153, 154.

Prickly Ash, 73, 74.

Pride of India, 75.

Prunus, 97-100.

Ptelea, 74.

Pterostyrax, 121.

Pulse Family, 92.

Punica, 108.

Purple Japan Magnolia, 66.

Purple-leaved Birch, 146.

Purple Willow, 165.

Pyramidal Birch, 146.
Oak, 159.

Pyrus, 100-103.

Quaking-asp, 168.

Quassia Family, 76.

Quercitron Oak, 156.

Quercus alba, 153.
aquatica, 157.
bicolor, 154.
Cerris, 159.
coccinea, 156.
falcata, 157.
fastigiata, 159.
heterophylla, 152.
ilicifolia, 157.
imbricaria, 158.
lyrata, 154.
macrocarpa, 153.
Michauxii, 154.
Muhlenbergii, 155.
nigra, 158.
palustris, 156.
pedunculata, 159.
pendula, 159.
Phellos, 152, 158.
prinoides, 155.
Prinus, 154.
Robur, 158.
rubra, 152, 156.
sessiliflora, 159.
stellata, 153.
tinctoria, 156.
virens, 155.

Quince-tree, 102.

Rabbit-berry, 132.

Red Ash, 123.
Bay, 130.
Birch, 147.
Buckeye, 82.
Cedar, 199.
Cherry, 99.
Elm, 134.
Horse-chestnut, 82.
Maple, 85.
Mulberry, 138.
Oak, 156.
Pine, 176.
Plum, 98.

Redbud, 94.

Red-leaved Alder, 148.

Redwood, 193.

Retinospora, 193, 196, 197.

Rhamnaceæ, 79.

Rhamnus, 79, 80.

Rhododendron, 117.

Rhus, 89-91.

River Birch, 147.

Robinia, 93, 94.

Rock Elm, 134.
Maple, 86.

Rosaceæ, 97.

Rose-acacia, 94.

Rose Family, 97.

Rough Oak, 153.

Round-leaved Maple, 88.

Rowan-tree, 103.

Rue Family, 73.

Rutaceæ, 73.

Salicaceæ, 161.

Salisburia, 201.

Salix Alba, 164.
amygdaloides, 163.
angustata, 165.
annularis, 164.
Babylonica, 164.
caprea, 166.
cinerea, 167.
cordata, 165.
decipiens, 164.
discolor, 166.
falcata, 163.
fragilis, 163.
longifolia, 167.
lucida, 164.
myricoides, 165.
nigra, 163.
pentandra, 165.
purpurea, 165.
rigida, 165.
rostrata, 166.
rufescens, 165.
Russelliana, 164
viridis, 164.
vitellina, 164.

Sapindaceæ, 81.

Sapodilla Family, 118.

Sapotaceæ, 118.

Sassafras, 130, 131.

Scarlet-fruited Thorn, 104.

Scarlet Oak, 156.

Sciadopitys, 191.

Scotch Elm, 134.
Fir, 177.
Pine, 177.

Scrophulariaceæ, 127.

Scrub Oak, 157.
Pine, 177, 178.

Seaside Alder, 148.

Sequoia, 192, 193.

Service-berry, 107.

Shad-bush, 107.

Shagbark Hickory, 142.

Sheep-berry, 114.

Shellbark Hickory, 142.

Shepherdia, 132.

Shingle Oak, 158.

Shining Willow, 164.

Shrubby Trefoil, 74.

Siberian Cornel, 111.
Silver Fir, 185.

Silk-tree, 96.

Silverbell-tree, 121.

Silver Cedar, 190.
Fir, 184-187.
Maple, 85.
Spruce, 181.

Silver-leaved Elæagnus, 132.

Simarubaceæ, 76.

Single Spruce, 179.

Slippery Elm, 134.

Sloe, 98.

Smoke-tree, 91.

Smooth Alder, 148.
Sumac, 90.

Soapberry Family, 81.

Sorrel-tree, 116.

Sour Gum, 112, 113.

Sourwood, 116.

Southern Cypress, 192.

Spanish Oak, 156, 157.

Speckled Alder, 147.

Spice-bush, 131.

Spindle-tree, 78.

Spruce, Alcock's, 181.
Black, 179.
Double, 179.
Eastern, 181.
Himalayan, 181.
Norway, 180.
Oriental, 181.
Silver, 181.
Single, 179.
Tiger's-tail, 180.
White, 179.

Spurge Family, 132.

Stag-horn Sumac, 90.

Sterculia, 71.

Sterculiaceæ, 71.

Stone-pine, 173.

Storax, 120.

Storax Family, 120.

Striped Maple, 85.

Stuartia, 69, 70.

Styracaceæ, 120.

Styrax, 120.

Sugarberry, 136.

Sugar Maple, 86.
Pine, 172.

Sumac, 90, 91.

Summer Haw, 106.

Swamp Hickory, 143.
Magnolia, 63.
Oak, 156.
Post-oak, 154.
White Oak, 154.

Sweet Bay, 63.
Birch, 146.
Buckeye, 82.
Gum, 108.
Pepper-bush, 117, 118.
Viburnum, 114.

Sweetleaf, 122.

Swiss Stone-pine, 173.

Sycamore, American, 139.

Sycamore-maple, 86.

Symplocos, 122.

Syringa, 126.

Table-Mountain Pine, 177.

Tacamahac, 170.

Tamarack, 188.

Tamariscineæ, 68.

Tamarisk, 69.

Tamarix, 69.

Tartarian Honeysuckle, 115.
Maple, 88.

Taxodium, 192.

Tea Family, 69.

Ternstroemiaceæ, 69.

Thorn, 104, 105.

Thurber's Japan Magnolia, 66.

Thuya, 193, 194.

Thuyopsis, 193.

Tiger's-tail Spruce, 180.

Tilia, 72, 73.

Tiliaceæ, 72.

Toothache-tree, 73.

Torreya, 200.

Tree Hibiscus, 71.

Tree of Heaven, 76.

Trefoil, 74.

Tsuga, 182.

Tulip-tree, 66.

Tupelo, 113.

Turkey Oak, 159.

Ulmus, 133-135.

Umbrella-pine, 191.

Umbrella-tree, 65.

Urticaceæ, 133.

Venetian Sumac, 91.

Verbenaceæ, 129.

Viburnum, 113, 114.

Vine Maple, 88.

Vitex, 129, 130.

Wahoo, 78, 135.

Walnut, 140, 141.

Walnut Family, 140.

Washington Thorn, 105.

Water Ash, 124.
Beech, 151.
Locust, 96.
Oak, 157.

Weeping Ash, 125.
Birch, 146.
Elm, 134.
Oak, 159.
Willow, 164.

White Ash, 123.
Basswood, 73.
Birch, 145, 146.
Cedar, 194, 195.
Elm, 134, 135.
Fir, 186.
Maple, 85.
Mulberry, 138.
Oak, 153, 154.
Poplar, 168.
Spruce, 179.
Willow, 164.

White-heart Hickory, 142.

Whitewood, 72.

Willow, American Bay, 164.
Ash-colored, 167.
Bay, 164, 165.
Beaked, 166.
Black, 163.
Bog, 166.
Brittle, 163.
Crack, 163.
Glaucous, 166.
Goat, 166.
Gray, 167.
Heart-leaved, 165.
Kilmarnock, 166.

Willow, Laurel-leaved, 165.
Long-leaved, 167.
Purple, 165.
Shining, 164.
Weeping, 164.
White, 164.

Willow Family, 161.

Willow-oak, 158.

Winged Elm, 135.

Witch-elm, 134.

Witch-hazel, 107.

Witch-hazel Family, 107.

Xanthoxylum, 73.

Yellow-barked Oak, 156.

Yellow Birch, 146.
Cucumber-tree, 64.
Haw, 106.
Plum, 98.

Yellow-wood, 93.

Yew, 199.

Yulan, 65.

Zizyphus, 80.