Chapter XV: Part 15

“The vestiges of _Tiber’s_ castle, which has been a large building, are to be seen on the banks of the Nith. A small part of the wall next the river remains. Fosses are visible, and some entrenchments where it was most accessible. It is supposed that the barony of _Tiber_ is named from Tiber, or Tiberius. There is a Roman encampment too. The English had a garrison in this castle in the time of Sir William Wallace, who took it by surprise.” Stat. Acc. P. of Penpont, I. 209.

NOTES ON THE TENTH BOOK.

_In till a playn set tentis and palyon,_
_South_ hald _Fawkyrk._--V. 89.

I have hesitated whether this be not an erratum for _half_ or _halff_, frequently used by our old writers in the sense of quarter; but have retained the term as in MS. Edit. 1594 has,--

South _the_ Faukirk, &c.

If _hald_ be the original term, it may lead us to the sense of the common termination in vulgar language, as in _Southilt_, _Wessilt_. V. EASSILT, Etym. Dict. Thus it might be resolved, “_Hald_,” or hold, “to the south of Falkirk.” Isl. _halld-a_ signifies, viam dirigere; Haldorsoni Lex.

_The lauch way till_ Enrawyn _thai ryd._--V. 622.

_Innerauyn_, Edit. 1594; _Inneravin_, Edit. 1648. More properly _Inveravon_, a village near the mouth of the river Avon in Stirlingshire, a little to the south of Kinneil. V. Nimmo’s Map of Stirlingshire. The rhyme requires that this should be pronounced as a word of four syllables.

_For weill thai wyst, that it was_ Jhon off Lyn,
_Scottis to slay, he said, it was no syn._--V. 803.

It is not improbable that there might be, in that age, some dreaded English pirate, denominated perhaps from _Lynne_ in Norfolk, especially as it is said that his ship was not seen by Wallace and his companions till they were opposite to the mouth of the Humber. But I have not met with any historical traces of him.

_The_ Roman [bukis] _that than was in Scotland,_
_He gart be brocht to_ scham, _quhar thai thaim fand;_
_And, but radem, thai brynt thaim thar ilkan;_
Salysbery oyss _our clerkis than has tane._--V. 1003.

The Roman _buikes_ that then war in Scotland,
He gart thame beir to _cume_ quhar thai thaim fand, &c.--Edit. 1594.

The Roman _bookes_, &c.
Hee gart them beare to _Scone_ where they them fand.--Edit. 1620.

Although the essential term, _bukis_, has been omitted by Ramsay, the MS. alone makes sense of the passage. Hart’s emendation is equal in absurdity with the reading of Edit. 1594. By the _Salysbery oyss_, I need scarcely say, those missals are meant which were formed _secundum usum Sarisburiensem_. This agrees with the account given by Bellenden.

“He brint all the Cronikles of Scotland, with all maner of bukis als weill of deuyne seruyce as of othir materis; to that fyne that the memorye of Scottis suld peris. He gart the Scottis wryte bukis efter _the vse of Sarum_, and constranit thaym to say efter that _vse_.” Cronikle, Fol. CCIX, a. Libros sacros _Anglico ritu_ conscribi jussit. Boeth.

_Schir Jhon Ramsay and Rowan than fled north,_
_To thair cusyng that lord was off Fyllorth._
_Quhilk past with thaim throw Murray landis rycht;_
_So fand thai thar a gentill worthi knycht_
_At_ Climace _hecht, full cruell ay had beyn,_
_And fayndyt weill amang his enemys keyn._--V. 1021.
_The knycht_ Climés _off Ross com sodeynly_
_In Murray land with thair gud chewalry._--B. XI. v. 743.

It appears that this knight belonged to the county of Ross; and it has been conjectured that he was a son or brother of the Earl of Ross, who was at this time a prisoner in England. V. Notes to Perth Edit. p. 25, 26. In Edit. 1594 and 1620, it is in both places _Clement_.

NOTES ON THE ELEVENTH BOOK.

_A mow off corn he_ bygit _thaim about._--V. 339.

This is given according to Edit. 1594, &c. In MS. it is _gyhyt_. But this must certainly be an error; unless we should suppose it to be from AS. _gehyd_, “tectus, abditus, absconditus, hid, hidden, covered.” Somner.

_Fra Butler had_ apon _gud Wallace_ seyn,
_Throuch auld malice he wox ner wod for teyn._--V. 401.

We have here one proof, among many in our old national works, of the danger of editors rashly venturing to change the language. In Edit. 1594, it is;--

Fra Butteller had _on feild_ gude Wallace seyne, &c.

The editor had supposed that _seyn apon_, being an obsolete phrase in his time, must of necessity be improper. He had not known that it is very ancient, being pure Anglo-Saxon. The verb is used in a neuter sense; and _seyn apon_ signifies beheld, looked upon. Thus _on se-on_ is, intueri, aspicere in. _On_ that wundor _seon_; Istud miraculum intueri.

_Quhen thai com ner, a nobill knycht it was,_
_The quhilk to name hecht_ Elyss _off_ Dundass.--V. 533.

This is the ancestor of the ancient house of Dundas of that ilk. Helias, or as here written _Elyss_, seems to have been a common name in this family. The first on record is Helias, son of Uchtred, who got the lands of Dundas, A. 1124, in the reign of Alexander I. One of the same christian name appears as witness to a charter in the reign of Alexander II. _Serle_ de Dundas, probably the father of our Elyss, is mentioned in Ragman Roll. V. Nisbet’s Remarks, p. 34, 35, and Heraldry, I. 275.

_And_ Schyr Jhon Scot _ek, a worthi knycht,_
_In to Straithern a man off mekill mycht._--V. 535.

“He was probably a descendant of the family of Scott of Balweary in Fife.” This “family continued till the reign of Charles I.,” and “is now represented by the Scotts of Ancrum, in Roxburghshire.” Notes to Edit. Perth, p. 49.

Schyr Jhon Menteth _in till his wit has fund,_
_How he suld best his purpos to fullfill_, &c.--V. 948.

The account given of the treachery of MENTETH is one of these points on which Sir D. Dalrymple shews his historical scepticism. He introduces it in language calculated to inspire doubt into the mind of the reader; observing that “the popular tradition is, that his _friend_ Sir John Menteth betrayed him to the English.” Annals, I. 281. It is rather strange that he should express himself in this manner, at the very moment that he quotes the Scotichronicon on the margent; as if this venerable record, when a modern should be disposed to adopt a theory irreconcileable with its testimony, were entitled to no higher regard than is due to “popular tradition.”

He adds; “Sir John Menteth was of high birth, a son of Walter Stewart Earl of Menteth.” I can perceive no force in this remark, unless it be meant to imply that there never has been an instance of a man of noble blood acting the part of a traitor. On the same ground we might quarrel with all the evidence given of the conspiracies formed against Robert Bruce; and even call in question the murder of that amiable and accomplished prince James I.

But “at this time,” we are told, “the important fortress of Dumbarton was committed to his [Menteth’s] charge by Edward.” Here, it would seem, the learned writer fights the poor Minstrel with his own weapons. For I find no evidence of this fact in the Fœdera, Hemingford, or the Decem Scriptores; and Lord Hailes has referred to no authority; so that there is reason to suspect, to use his own language, that he here “copies” what “is said by _Blind Harry_, whom no historian but Sir Robert Sibbald will venture to _quote_.” If Harry’s narrative be received as authority, it is but justice to receive his testimony as he gives it. Now, in the preceding part of his work, he represents Menteth as holding the castle of Dunbarton at least with the consent of Wallace, while acknowledged as governor of Scotland. It would appear, indeed, that the whole district of the Lennox had been entrusted to him.

In the Leynhouss a quhill he maid repayr;
Schyr Jhon Menteth that tym was captane thar.--B. VIII. 1595.

But even at this time there was something dubious in the conduct of Menteth. While he retained the castle, the English held the town under Edward.

In peess thai duelt, in trubyll that had beyn,
And trewbut payit till Ingliss capdanis keyn.
Schir Jhon Menteth the castell had in hand:
Bot sum men said, thar was a prewa band
Till Sotheroun maid, be menys off that knycht,
In thar supple to be in all his mycht.--B. IX. 1393.

It is perfectly conceivable, that, although it was known to Wallace that Menteth had some secret understanding with the English, this artful man might persuade him that he only wished an opportunity of wreaking the national vengeance on them, or at least of more effectively serving the interest of Wallace when he saw the proper time. Although Wallace had been assured that Menteth had taken an oath of fealty to Edward, he would have had no more reason for distrusting him than for distrusting by far the greatest part of the nobility and landholders of Scotland, who, as they believed, from the necessity of despair had submitted to the usurper.

John de Menteth is designed by Arnold Blair _immanis proditor_; and the writer proceeds to curse him as if with bell, book, and candle. Relationes, p. 8.

Sir David aims another blow at this account in the following words: “That he had ever any intercourse of friendship or familiarity with Wallace, I have yet to learn.” But the truth is, the worthy judge does not seem disposed to _learn_ this. It is difficult to say what evidence will satisfy him. The incidental hints, in the preceding part of the poem, in regard to Wallace’s connection with Menteth, all perfectly agree with the mournful termination. Such confidence had he in him, according to the Minstrel, that he not only resided in Dunbarton castle for two months, while Menteth had the charge of it, but gave orders for building “a house of stone” there, apparently that he might enjoy his society.

Twa monethis still he duelt in Dunbertane;
A houss he foundyt apon the roch off stayne;
Men left he thar till bygg it to the hycht.--B. VIII. 1599.

But independently of the testimony of Blind Harry, Bower expressly asserts the co-operation of Menteth with Wallace, Graham, and Scrymgeour, in the suppression of the rebellious men of Galloway. In hoc ipso anno [1298], viz., xxviii die mensis Augusti, dominus Wallas Scotiæ custos, cum Johanne Grhame, et _Johanne de Menteith_, militibus, necnon Alexandro Scrimzeour constabulario villæ de Dundee, et vexillario Scotiæ, cum quinquagentis militibus armatis, rebelles Gallovidiensis punierunt, qui regis Angliæ et Cuminorum partibus sine aliquo jure steterunt. These words, which seem to be a quotation in the Relationes of Blair from the Scotichronicon, are not found in the MSS. from which Goodall gave his edition. They appear to have formed the commencement of the xxxii. chapter of the eleventh book, one of the two chapters here said to be wanting. Now this, whether it be the language of Bower, or of Blair, could not have been borrowed from the Minstrel, for the circumstance is overlooked by him. It seems to refer to that period of the history of Wallace, in which he is said to have made a circuit through Galloway and Carrick.

Fra Gamlis peth the land obeyt him haill
Till Ur wattir, bath strenth, forest, and daill.
Agaynis him in _Galloway_ hous was nayne, &c.--B. VI. 793.

It is to be observed, that John Major expressly affirms the treachery of Menteth, as acting in concert with Aymer de Valloins, Earl of Pembroke. He says that Menteth was considered as his most intimate friend;--ipsi Vallaceo putatus amicissimus. Hist. Fol. LXXIII. Now, although he rejects many of the transactions recited by Blind Harry “as false,” so far is he from insinuating the slightest hesitation as to this business, that he formally starts an objection as to the imprudence of Wallace in not being more careful of his person, and answers it by remarking, that “no enemy is more dangerous than a domestic one.” He differs from the Minstrel, in saying that Wallace was “captured _in_ the city of Glasgow.”

It may be added, that Bower expressly asserts that Wallace, “suspecting no evil, was fraudulently and treacherously seized _at_ Glasgow by Lord John de Menteth.” Scotichron. XII. 8. Bower again refers to the treacherous conduct of Menteth towards Wallace when afterwards relating a similar plan which he had laid for taking King Robert Bruce prisoner, under pretence of delivering up to him the castle of Dunbarton, on condition of his receiving a hereditary right to the lieutenancy of the Lennox. V. Lib. xii. c. 16. 17. Vol. II. 243. These two chapters are not in all the MSS., but are found in those of Cupar, Perth, and Dunblane. Now, Bower was born A. 1385. Ibid. II. 401. The date assigned to the Scotichronicon, as published with his continuation, is 1447, and that to the Minstrel’s poem 1470. V. Pinkerton’s Maitland Poems, Intr. LXXXVI. LXXXIX. It is therefore impossible that Bower could have borrowed the account given of Menteth from Blind Harry. Bower was born, indeed, only eighty or eighty-one years after the fact referred to; and, considering the elevation of the character of Wallace, and the great attachment of his countrymen even to this day, as well as the multitude of his enemies, it is totally inconceivable that a whole nation, learned and unlearned, should concur in imputing this crime to one man _without_ the most valid reasons.

Wyntown finished his _Cronykil_ A. 1418. He, it is generally believed, was born little more than fifty years after the butchery of our magnanimous patriot. Sir D. Dalrymple could not, one would suppose, reasonably object to his testimony. Let us hear it.

A thousand thre hundyr and the fyft yhere
Eftyr the byrth of oure Lord dere,
Schyre Jhon of Menteth in tha days
Tuk in Glasgw Willame Walays,
And send hym in-til Ingland swne,
Thare wes he quartaryd and wndwne
Be dyspyte and hat inwy:
Thare he tholyd this martyry.

CRON. VIII. c. 20.

I shall only add an important proof from the Lanercost MS., referred to in the _Preliminary Remarks_. “_Captus_ fuit Willelmus Waleis per unum Scottum, scilicet per dominum Johannem de Mentiphe, et usque London ad Regem adductus, et adjudicatum fuit quod traheretur, et suspenderetur, et decollaretur, et membratim divideretur, et quod viscera ejus comburentur, quod factum est; et suspensum est caput ejus super pontem London, armus autem dexter super pontem Novi Castri super Tynam, et armus sinister apud Berwicum, pes autem dexter apud Villam Sanctis Johannis, et pes sinister apud Aberden.” Fol. 211. _Mentiphe_ is obviously an _erratum_ for _Mentithe_.

_A spy thai maid, and folowed him but let_
_Till_ Robrastoun, _was ner be the way syd,_
_And bot a howss quhar Wallace oysyt to byd._--V. 996.

i. e. Only _one_ house, where he was wont to conceal himself, while waiting for Bruce.

“At Robroystone, in this parish, [Cadder, Lanarkshire] on the 11th September 1305, Sir William Wallace was betrayed and apprehended by Sir John Monteath, a favourite of King Edward I. of England. After he was overpowered, and before his hands were bound, it is said he threw his sword into Robroystone Loch. An oaken _couple_ or joist, which made part of the barn in which the Scottish hero was taken, is still to be seen in this neighbourhood, and may yet last for ages.” Stat. Acc. VIII. 481, 482.

_Rycht suth it is, a martyr was Wallace,_
_Als_ Osauold, Edmunt, Eduuard, _and_ Thomas.--V. 1307.

In Edit. 1620, these lines are thus varied:--

Wallace was martyred, the trueth to you to tell,
As were _Osweld, Edmond, Edward_ with paine fell.

_Osauold_ must be Osuald, the King of Northumbria, who, having embraced Christianity, was slain by Penda the pagan king of Mercia. Bed. Hist. Eccl. III. 9. Eng. Martyrol. p. 213, 214. _Edmunt_ is St Edmund, King of the East Angles, barbarously slain by the Danes of Northumbria for confessing Christ. Martyrol. p. 319. _Eduuard_ seems to be St Edward, King of the West Saxons, slain at the instigation of his step-mother. Ibid. p. 72. _Thomas_ is most probably the well-known Thomas a Becket.

* * * * *

Wyntown informs us that even in his day, long before that of the Minstrel, various works were written recording the deeds of Wallace; but he concludes that these fell short of the truth, as to their extent at least.

Of his gud dedis and manhad
Gret gestis, I hard say, ar made:
Bot sa mony, I trow, noucht
As he in-til hys dayis wroucht.
Quha all hys dedis of prys wald dyte,
Hym worthyd a gret buk to wryte;
And all thai to wryte in here
I want bathe wyt and gud laysere.

CRON. VIII. c. 15. ver. 79.

The character given to Wallace, by Andro Hart, is worthy of being preserved:

“This was the end of this worthy man’s life, who, for high spirit in enterprising dangers, for fortitude in execution, comparable in deed to the most famous chiftains amongst the ancients, for loue to his natiue countrey second to none, he onely free, the rest slaues,--could neither bee bought with benefites, nor compelled by force to leaue the publike cause which he had once profest; whose death appeared more to be lamented, that being inuincible, to his enemy he was betrayed by his familiar, that in no case should have done so.” Pref. to Life of Wallace, p. 14.

Such is the affectionate remembrance of this illustrious defender of the liberties of Scotland, that his name is retained in many other places besides those mentioned in the preceding Notes.

On the hill of “Couthboanlaw, now by corruption called Quothquanlaw,--the common people, to this day, point out with much fond admiration, _Wallace’s Chair_, where he had his abode, and held conferences with his followers, before the battle of Biggar. The chair is a large rough stone, scooped in the middle.” P. Libberton, Lanarkshire, Stat. Acc. II. 235. This is called _Quodquen_ in a charter of the Duke of Albany. Robertson’s Ind. 167, 21.

In the town of Ayr they still point out the ancient tower[B] in which Wallace was imprisoned, and so cruelly treated, that he was at length thrown down from the battlements as dead. Common tradition gives the same account of this barbarous conduct as the Minstrel has done:

Quhen thai presumyt he suld be werray ded,
Thai gart serwandys, with outyn langer pleid,
With schort awiss on to the wall him bar;
Thai kest him our out of that bailfull steid,
Off him thai trowit suld be no mor ramede,
In a draff myddyn, quhar he remannyt thar.--B. II. 252.

[B] This building was taken down in 1835 and rebuilt.

The building still bears his name, and appears to be the very same as it was in his time. It has been more fully brought into notice by the allusion of a poet, who, whatever were his defects, had power to stamp a deathless name on the subject of his muse, although it had not been otherwise entitled to this distinction.

The drowsy Dungeon-clock had number’d two,
And _Wallace-Tower_ had sworn the fact was true.

BURNS’S _Brigs of Ayr_.

“In one of the hills above Wandel mill there is _Wallace’s Camp_, so called from that great Scotch warrior, who encamped here.” The walls of the castle of Lamington “still remain some stories high, very thick and strong. It was built by a laird of Lamington, of the ancient and honourable name of Baillie, _with_ whom the aforesaid Sir William Wallace was _allied by marriage_; in proof of which, and as a piece of curiosity, Wallace’s chair is now in Bonnington, in the possession of Lady Ross Baillie, the representative of the family of Lamington, being removed from the tower of that place. The chair is remarkably broad and stout.” P. of Lamington, Stat. Acc. VI. 557, 558. V. Note on B. VI. 47, above, p. 374, &c.

I have seen this chair at Bonnington, which is of oak, the posts of it at least, and otherwise corresponding with the description given in the Statistical Account. I am informed that there is a rock in the Pap Craig, a part of Tinto, which is still called _Wallace’s Chair_; and that another in the parish of Symington bears the same name, in a place called the Castlehill.

On the estate of Gladswood, parish of Mertoun, Berwickshire, are still pointed out what are called the _Camp-braes_, where, according to the harmonious voice of popular tradition, Wallace had his camp before one of his battles. It has had two ditches with ramparts; and being situate on the neck of land at the confluence of Leader with the Tweed, might have been rendered almost unassailable, in that age, by a line of communication between the two rivers.

“On the west side of Clatto-moor, are the traces of a camp. It is generally believed to have been occupied by a part of Agricola’s army, and afterwards by Alpin, Wallace, and Monk. Tradition reports that ‘Wallace pitched his camp on Clatto-hill, and ground his corn at Philaw’s mill,’ which is about half a mile from the place where the traces of the camp are seen.” P. Strathmartin, Forfarshire, Stat. Acc. XIII. 99.

“Tradition says, that the Figget Whins, formerly a forest, afforded shelter and a place of rendezvous to Sir William Wallace and his myrmidons, when they were preparing to attack Berwick.” P. Duddingstone, county of Edinburgh, Stat. Acc. XVIII. 877.

“On the face of the hill” of Kinnoul, “there is a cave in a steep part of the rock, which, it is said, will contain about a dozen of men. It is called the _Dragon-hole_. There is a tradition among the common people, that Sir William Wallace hid himself in this hole of the rock, when he absconded for some time.” P. Kinnoul, Perthshire, Stat. Acc. XVIII. 560.

The same useful work contains an anecdote, which, at least from the circumstances, is worthy of insertion here. The article was written A. 1795 or 1796.

“There is a very respectable man in Longforgan, [Perthshire,] of the name of Smith, a weaver, and the farmer of a few acres of land, who has in his possession a stone, which is called _Wallace’s Stone_. It is what was formerly called in this country a _bear stone_, hollow like a large mortar, and was made use of to unhusk the bear or barley, as a preparation for the pot, with a large wooden mell, long before barley-mills were known. Its station was on one side of the door, and covered with a flat stone for a seat, when not otherwise employed. Upon this stone Wallace sat on his way from Dundee, when he fled, after killing the governor’s son, and was fed with bread and milk by the goodwife of the house, from whom the man, who now lives there, and is proprietor of the stone, is lineally descended, and here his forbeers (ancestors) have lived ever since, in nearly the same station and circumstances, for about 500 years.” Stat. Acc. XIX. 561, 562. This refers to what is related in Book I. 257, &c.

In the castle of Dunbarton they pretend to shew the mail, and, if I mistake not, also the sword of Wallace. If he was confined in that fortress by Menteith, before being sent into England, as some have supposed, it is not improbable that his armour might be left there. The popular belief on this head, however, is very strong; of which I recollect a singular proof, which took place many years ago, and of which I was an eye-witness. In the procession of King Crispin, at Glasgow, his majesty was always preceded by one on horseback, appearing in armour, as his _champion_. In former times, this champion of the awl thought it enough to wear a leathern jerkin, formed like one of mail. One fellow, however, was appointed, of a more aspiring genius than his predecessors, who was determined to appear in real mail; and who, having sent to Dunbarton castle, and hired the use of Wallace’s armour for a day, made his perambulations with it through the streets of Glasgow. I can never forget the ghastly appearance of this poor man, who was so chilled and overburdened by the armour, that, as the procession went on, he was under the necessity of frequently supporting himself with a cordial. It was said that he took to bed immediately after the termination of this procession, and never rose from it. From that time forward, his successors in office were content to wear the proper badge of their profession.

* * * * *

It is generally admitted that our hero was the son of Sir Malcolm Wallace of Ellerslie in Renfrewshire, by the daughter of Sir Ranald Crawfurd, High Sheriff of Ayr, of whom the Minstrel says;

Malcolm Wallas hir gat in mariage,
That _Elrislé_ than had in heretage,
_Auchinbothé_, and other syndry place.--Book I. ver. 27.

It appears that the metre, corresponding with the modern pronunciation, requires that this word should have been accented as above.

_Ellerslie_, also written _Elderslee_, is about three miles to the south-west of Paisley, Renfrewshire. The old house, called by Crawfurd, “the castle,” is still habitable. Near it is a tree, which, according to the account I received on the spot, was planted by Wallace himself: but this, like most other traditions, assumes a very different aspect, according to Semple’s narration. “The large oak-tree,” he says, “called _Wallace’s Tree_, is still growing, standing alone in a little enclosure, a few yards south from the great road between Paisley and Kilbarchan, being on the east side of Elderslee rivulet, the manour of Elderslee being a few yards distant from the rivulet. They say that Sir William Wallace and 300 of his men hid themselves upon that tree among the branches (the tree being then in full blossom) from the English. The tree, indeed, is very large, and well spread in the branches, the trunk being about twelve feet in circumference.” Crawfurd’s Renfrewshire, p. 260.

About the year 1769, Ellerslie was sold to Alexander Speirs, Esq., who took his designation from it, by Archibald Campbell, Esq., W.S., who had married Helen Wallace, a lady lineally descended from a collateral branch of the family of Wallace.

_Auchinbothé_ is in some old writings called _Auchinbothie-Wallace_, as distinguished from the lands of _Auchinbothie-Blair_. Thus, in an old Valuation Book, made A. 1654, in the time of Cromwell, we have the following account:--“The 5 mark (land) of Auchinbothie-Wallace subdivydit as s^d is, Mastar [the proprietor]

33 lib. 6sh. 8d. Feuars 366 lib. 13sh. 4d. 400 0 0
The 5 m^k land of Auchinbothie-Blair 383 6 8”

It is supposed that Auchinbothie-Blair belonged to Blair, the companion of Wallace, who was of the Blairs of that ilk in Renfrewshire. The lands of Thornley, in the same county, are said to be designed, in some old writs, the lands of _Thornley-Blair_, alias Thornley-Wallace; and it has been also supposed that these lands had been given by Wallace to his companion of this name. But the latter is undoubtedly a mistake; for in our records _Thornylé_ or _Thornley_, as it is also written, appears as the property of the Wallaces till the time of Robert III., when it was given, by John Wallace of Craigie, to the Abbey of Paisley. Ind. Chart. 142, 80. V. also 97, 324.--131, 25.

The Valuation Book above quoted also mentions Wallace of Neilstonside, Wallace of Dungraine, Wallace of Bardraine, &c. I am informed that there is now no proprietor of this name in the county of Renfrew, excepting Wallace of Kelly, in the parish of Innerkip, whose ancestors resided in that of Neilston.

In the Edinburgh Evening Courant of May 19, 1817, it is said that “the statue of Sir William Wallace, erected by the Earl of Buchan at Dryburgh, was designed exactly from the authentic portrait of him, painted in water-colours during his residence in France, which was purchased by the father of the late Sir Philip Ainslie of Pilton, knight. The hero is represented in the ancient Scottish dress and armour, with a shield hanging from his left hand, and leaning lightly on his spear with his right.”

I shall conclude these miscellaneous notices with the just and beautiful reflection made by a statistical writer. After remarking that the principle cascade, in one of the rivulets in the parish of Greenock, “bears the name of Wallace, our brave and disinterested patriot,” he subjoins: “How many monuments, far more durable than statues or columns, has grateful posterity bestowed throughout Scotland on this distinguished friend of liberty! In this part of the country, steep precipices, high falls of water, huge rocks, and Roman stations and encampments, not unfrequently bear his name.” Stat. Acc. V. 566.

* * * * *

The editor takes the liberty of subjoining, as a slender tribute to the memory of one to whom our country owes so much, a few verses written a considerable number of years ago, in consequence of a visit to a place in the vicinity of Lanark, which has acquired celebrity from having afforded Wallace a temporary shelter from the fury of his enemies.

ADDRESS TO CARTLANE CRAIGS.

Ye Cartlane Craigs, your steepy sides
Let Nature’s votaries explore,
To learn what fossils here she hides,
Or find some plant unknown before.

A far more precious vein I seek;
And here, I know, ’twas once conceal’d;
A simple--that can nerve the weak,
And prowess to the fearful yield.

Blest Freedom flourish’d in this wild,
When banish’d from each cultur’d spot:
Expiring Albin saw, and smil’d,
And all her wounds and woes forgot.

And still the rugged rock, fair plant,
Hath been thy lov’d, thy native soil;
Remote from Luxury’s deadly haunt,
Thy dwelling ’mongst the sons of toil.

Thy arms entwin’d around the rock,
And shrouded by a fleece of snow,
The tyrant-tempest thou canst mock,
That rudely strives to lay thee low.

Ye towering cliffs, your form upright,
The awful frown ye downward send,
Seem to portray that faithful knight,
Who to his foes would never bend.

I love thy gloom, thou cavern drear;
Such magic influence quite unfelt,
Where lordly domes their turrets rear;
--Here Freedom and her First-born dwelt.

Hence bursting, like the wrathful blast,
That issues from thy hollow glade,
To hostile Lanark Wallace pass’d,
And low the haughty _Southeron_ laid.

But why a pledge so precious left?
Thou, Chieftain, might’st thy foes have known
--Of life thy lovely partner’s reft,
Of life--far dearer than thy own.

Base _Hesilrig_, I hate thy name!
Thy crime a Pompey’s praise would mar:
A woman slay!--thou soldier’s shame!
With women only could’st thou war.

Yet worthy thou of such a lord;
And school’d his purpose to fulfil,
No right who knowledg’d, but the sword,
No reason, save his sovereign will:

The forms of justice, if employ’d,
Who still her sacred essence scorn’d;
Each faithful witness first destroy’d,
Then Falsehood’s base-born brood suborn’d.

An ancient kingdom, could he think,
The scourge of his,--might thus be won?
Thy name, crown’d traitor, still shall stink,
While Albin boasts one freeborn son!

Thou, Edward, many a traitor vile,
--Thy kindred true--didst aggrandize:
Nor force, nor flattery,--dastard guile
Alone, could Wallace make thy prize.

Him--who could not be taught to crouch,
Nor grace, nor justice, thine to save:
Thou knew’st our Lion ne’er would couch,
While Wallace liv’d his keeper brave.

_His_ name, who Scotia’s fetters broke,
Shall never lose its power to charm,
Who liv’d to shield her,--dying spoke
The weakness of her spoiler’s arm.

ADDITIONAL NOTE TO BOOK FIFTH.

_Wpon the morn to the_ Gilbank _he went;_--
_For his deyr eyme, yong_ Auchinlek, _duelt thar,_
_Brothyr he was to the schirreff off Ayr._--V. 467.

It bears the name of _Gilbanke_ in Edit. 1594 and 1648. In the Sixth Book, v. 226, the same person is designed _Awchinlek off Gilbank_.

Macpherson mentions Gilbank, in his Geographical Illustrations, referring to Blind Harry; but he marks it as a place “the exact position” of which “is not known.”

But there is a property, distant only about half a mile from the Fall of Stonebyres, below Lanark, which still bears the name of _Gillbank_, as it is designed in Forrest’s Map of Lanarkshire. There is another place called _Gill_, belonging to Lockhart of Lee, on the north side of the Mouse, opposite to Jerviswood, about half a mile above Cartlane Craigs. Here are the remains of a very old castle, the walls of which are very thick. It is seated on a promontory betwixt two gullies. It has been suggested, that this might be the place referred to, as there are no vestiges of ancient building at Gillbank. But the claim undoubtedly belongs to the latter; as it not only retains the name, but in our old deeds, although with a change of orthography, is conjoined with a place called Auchinleck.--Terrae de Stanebyres, _Auchinlek_, Greinrig, Teathes, et _Kilbank_. Inquis. Retornat. Com. Lanark, (149,) A. 1625. It is given as the property of the Marquis of Hamilton. The same places are mentioned, with the addition of _Over Auchinlek_, ibid. (239.)

This place had been honoured to be the head-quarters of our hero, while he resided in this part of the country, at least before his open attacks on the English. For it is said;

In Laynrik oft till sport he maid repair.
_Quhan that he went fra Gilbank to the toune_,
And he fand men that was off that falss nacioune,
To Scotland thai dyde neuir grewance mar.--B. V. v. 567.

“Yong Auchinlek” could be _eyme_ or uncle to Wallace, only on the supposition that his father had married Wallace’s maternal grandmother, the widow of Sir Reginald (or Hugh) Crauford. His chief property was in Ayrshire. The heirs male failing, James IV. gave the lands of Auchinleck to a younger son of Boswell of Balmuto. Thus the family of Boswell of Auchinleck is lineally descended from Auchinleck of that ilk. V. Nisbet, I. 60.

So late as the year 1617, there was a gentleman of this name who held half of the property of Tweedie, in the barony of Stonehouse, distant only a few miles from Gillbank.--Jacobus Auchinleck, haeres Jacobi Auchinleck de Twedie, avi,--in baronia de Stanchous. Inquis. _ut sup._ (117.) It is probable, from the vicinity, Stonehouse being only about six miles from Gillbank, that he might be a descendant from that Auchinleck who is celebrated by the Minstrel. Gillbank is now the property of a gentleman of the name of Thomson.

ADDITIONAL NOTE TO BOOK SIXTH.

--------_Syne couth to Braid wood fayr,_
_At a consaill thre dayis soiornyt thai._
_At_ Forest kyrk _a metyng ordand he;_
_Thai chesd Wallace Scottis wardand to be._--V. 765.

The tradition at Biggar is, that it was in the old church there that Wallace was chosen Guardian of Scotland. But this seems to be a mistake. For we have no proof of the erection of a church there till the year 1545, when the college of this place was founded by Malcolm Lord Fleming. Spottiswood’s Relig. Houses, c. 19.

The opinion that by the _Forest kyrk_ we are to understand Selkirk, has far greater probability. Thomas Crawford, in his MS. History of the House of Douglas, says that this meeting was held “at the Forest Kirk in the sheriffdom of Selkirk.” Comment. in Relat. A. Blair, p. 22. Keith, in his List of Parishes, thus mentions Selkirk: “_Vulg._ Selkrig, _alias_ the Forrest.” Catalogue of Bishops, p. 223.

In a deed of David, the son of Malcolm, (while he was yet Earl of Huntington) founding an abbey here, which was afterwards translated to Kelso, it is called _Scelechyrca_ and _Selechyrche_. Sir J. Dalrymple’s Collect. p. 403. The name, it is said, in Celtic, “signifies the kirk in the wood or forest; expressing thus, in one word, the situation of the place itself, and the state of the surrounding country.” Statist. Acc. II. 434. But there seems to be no authority for this etymon. The last part of the word is undoubtedly from Anglo-Saxon _circ_, _circe_, _cyrc_, _cyric_, church. Mr Chalmers’s derivation is highly probable. “As the occasion of the church in the forest,” he observes, “arose from the circumstance of the king’s having a hunting-seat here, the place of his worship may have been called _Sele_-chyrc, from the Saxon _Sele_, a hall, a prince’s court.” This idea receives a considerable degree of confirmation from what follows: “When a second church was built, nearly on the same site, after the establishment of the monastery at this hunting-seat, the prior place was distinguished by the name of Selkirk-_Regis_, while the village of the monks was called Selkirk-_Abbatis_.” Caledonia, II. 963.

ADDITIONAL NOTE TO BOOK NINTH.

--_In Gyan land full haistely couth ryd._--
_A werlik toun so fand thai in that land,_
_Quhilk_ Schenown _hecht, that Inglissmen had in hand._--V. 441.
--_In_ Schynnown _still Wallace his duelling maid._--B. XI. 69.

I can find no place in Guienne, bearing any nominal resemblance. Henry’s geography, of France especially, could not be expected to be very accurate. He had most probably heard of _Chinon_, a village in Touraine, near Saumur, which was indeed held by the English, and which might be viewed as on the way from Paris to Guienne. Here Henry II. of England died; and here, also, that singular writer Rabelais was born.

EXPLANATION OF THE VIGNETTE IN THE TITLE-PAGE OF THIS VOLUME.

As the cruel and unmerited fate, which terminated the bright career of Wallace, appeared to that ingenious gentleman who furnished me with this design, to be the object on which the mind especially rests in contemplating the history of his life, he has given to the block the principal place here. To this melancholy symbol, the crown of laurel, which, as we learn from the English chroniclers, was contemptuously put on the head of the hero during his trial at Westminster, is with great propriety transferred. Before it appears the fatal axe; also, the target of Wallace, together with the sword of his faithful friend Longueville, exactly copied from that preserved under this name in the house of Kinfauns. The headless body appears from behind. In the back-ground, rays of light are seen to dart forth, giving ground of hope that the dark clouds, which envelope this dismal scene, should be dispelled; and intimating, according to the sense of the inscription, that this cruel act of the tyrannical Edward, by which he hoped to extinguish the spirit of liberty in our native land, should only excite it anew,--the fall of Wallace being immediately succeeded by the intrepid appearance of Bruce, as asserting his claim to independent royalty.

* * * * *

By some of my learned friends, who are acquainted with the manuscripts of the preceding poems, I may be censured, perhaps, because I have rendered the contraction [symbol] by _ss_, instead of making it to denote _is_. I have not done so unadvisedly; and I could not have acted otherwise without sacrificing my own conviction. I preferred this mode for several reasons.

Another well known contraction, totally different in form, is used throughout these manuscripts, where there can be no doubt that _is_ is meant. Had I adopted a different plan, I would have been laid under the necessity of rendering the contraction in a variety of modes. I must frequently have viewed it as signifying _se_. But here, in many places, I met with an obstacle that seemed insurmountable;--a different contraction being employed for denoting a word of this form, sometimes in the same verse, as in _The Bruce_, B. VIII. 353.

The king thus, that wes wycht and wys,
And rycht _awise_ at _diuiss_, &c.

Here both contractions occur. If I did not give to the sign so ambulatory and indefinite a character, I must often have used a double _i_, where it could not be supposed that the writer meant to introduce it. Thus I must have given _maiss_, makes, in the form of _maiis_; _raiss_, arose, as _raiis_; _cheiss_, choose, as _cheiis_; _pass_, a strait and steep passage, as _pais_; and _leiss_, loss, as _leiis_, &c. &c.

The rhythm, as well as the sense, would also, in different instances, have materially suffered. Thus, in B. IX. 259, where we read;

And with all thair mycht schot egrely
Amang the _horss men_, that thar raid;

It would have been,

Amang the _horsis men_ that thar raid.

In reading these poems, it must be observed, that, although _is_, the mark of the plural, is more generally to be viewed as a distinct syllable, this rule does not apply universally. _Scottis_, for example, is sometimes to be read _Scott-is_; at other times, when the rhythm requires an abbreviation, as if _Scots_. Even monosyllables are occasionally to be lengthened; as _armes_, denoting armour, must at times be pronounced _armés_. The same liberty seems to have been taken by Chaucer and other old English poets.

In the following Glossary, I do not pretend to explain all the words that may stumble a reader who is not well acquainted with our ancient language; for this would have almost required a volume. But I have not overlooked a single term that seemed to demand attention. For further elucidation, and for the explanation of some words that may have been overlooked here, I beg leave to refer to my _Dictionary of the Scottish Language_. It will greatly aid the reader of these works, if he recollect that many common words appear here under a disguised orthography, especially by the frequent use of _w_ for _v_.

A

GLOSSARY

TO

_THE BRUCE_ AND _WALLACE_.

A

A, _one_.

A, _ah_.

Abad, _abode_, _delay_.

Abandon, _to subject_; _to let loose_; _to destroy_.

Abandonly, _also_ at abandoun, _at random_.

Abowyne, _above_.

Ac, _but_; _and_.

Acquart, _athwart_.

Adew, _done_.

Adheill, _Athol_.

Afaynd, _attempt_.

Afauld, _upright_; _one_.

Affer, _belong_.

Affer, _condition_; _warlike preparation_; _shew_.

Affray, _fear_; _terror_.

Aforgayn, _opposite to_.

Agait, _on the way_.

Agatis, _uniformly_.

Agyt, _aged_.

Air, ayr, _before_; _early_.

Air, ayr, _oar_.

Air, ayr, _heir_.

Air, ayre, _itinerant court of justice_.

Airt, _quarter_.

Alais, _alleys_.

All anys, _together_.

Allayne, _alone_.

Allenarly, _only_.

Aller, _entirely_; _altogether_.

Allgate, _in all ways_.

All out, _beyond comparison_.

Allryn, _constantly progressive_.

All-weildand, _all-governing_.

Als, _as_; _also_.

Alsone, _as soon_.

Alsua, _also_.

Alswyth, _forthwith_.

Alya, _alliance_.

Alyand, _keeping close together_.

Amang, _among_; _at intervals_.

Ameysyt, _mitigated_; _appeased_.

Amittyt, _admitted_.

Ammonyss, _admonish_.

Amowyt, _moved with anger_; _excited_.

An, and, _if_.

Ane, _one_; _a, used as the article_.

Aneding, _breathing_.

Anens, _over-against_.

Anerly, _only_; _alone_.

Angell-hede, _the hooked or barbed head of an arrow_.

Ankyrs, _anchors_.

Antecessour, _ancestor_, _predecessor_.

Anys, _once_.

Apayn, _reluctantly_; _scarcely_; _in case_; _under pain_.

Apersé, _an incomparable person_.

Apert, _brisk_; _bold_.
In apert, _evidently_; _openly_.

Apertly, _briskly_; _boldly_.

Apon, apoun, _upon_.

Apparaill, _furniture for warfare_.

Apperand, _apparent_, _appearing_.

Appleis, apples, _satisfy_, _please_.

Ar, _ere_; _before_.

Ar, are, _formerly_; _early_.

Ar, _oar_.

Arest, _stop_.

Arettyt, _accused_.

Argoune, _censure_; _chide with_.

Arly, _early_.

Armyne, _armour_.

Arsoun, _buttocks_.

Artailye, _offensive weapons of any kind_.

Asperans, _lofty_; _pompous_.

Aspre, _sharp_; aspresper, q. _sharp spear_.

Aspyne, _a boat_.

Ass, _ask_.

Assailyie, _attack_; _assail_.

Assembill, _engage_.

Assenyhé, _word of war_.

Assoilyeit, _absolved_.

Assonyeit, _acquitted_.

At, _that_.

Athys, _oaths_.

Atour, _over_; _across_; _above_.

Atour, _warlike preparation_.

Aucht, _owned_.

Aukwart, _athwart_.

Aunter, awntyr, _hazard_; _adventure_.

Auter, awter, _altar_.

Aw, awe, _owe_.

Awail, awal, _let fall_; _descend_.

Awail, awailye, _avail_; _advantage_; _superiority_.

Awance, _advance_.

Awaward, _vanguard_.

Awblaster, _cross-bow_; _cross-bow-man_.

Awenand, _convenient_.

Awent, _cool_; _ventilate_.

Awerty, _cautious_; _experienced_.

Awin, awyne, _own_; _proper_.

Awisé, _prudent_; _considerate_.

Awisely, _prudently_.

Ayk, _oak_.

Aynd, _breath_.

Ayndlesse, _breathless_.

Ayr. _V._ Air.

B

Bade, baid, _delay_.

Bail, bayle, _flame_; _blaze_.

Baille, _sweetheart_.

Bair, bar, _boar_.

Bakgard, _rearguard_.

Bald, _bold_.

Ball, _blaze_. _V._ Bail.

Ballingar, _a kind of ship_.

Ballyoune, _Baliol_.

Band, _bond_; _obligation_.

Bandoune, bandown, _command_; _orders_.

Bandounly, _courageously_.

Baneour, _standard-bearer_.

Baner-man, _standard-bearer_.

Banyst, _banished_.

Bar, _boar_.

Bar, _naked_; _bare_.

Barblyt, _barbed_.

Bargane, _fight_; _contend_; _battle_; _skirmish_.

Barmkyn, _rampart of a castle_.

Barnage, _barons_.

Barnat, _native_.

Barne, _same with_ Barnage.

Barne, _child_.

Barres, barrais, _barrier_; _inclosure_.

Barrat, _hostile intercourse_.

Bassynit, _helmet_.

Bataill, battaill, _battle array_; _battalion_.

Bate, _boat_.

Bath, bathe, _both_.

Battalit, _embattled_.

Bauk, _beam_.

Bauld, _bold_.

Bawchillyt, _treated contemptuously_.

Bawmyt, _embalmed_.

Bayle, _fire_; _bonefire_.

Bayne, _ready_; _active_.

Baynly, _readily_; _cheerfully_.

Bayt, _give food to_.

Be, _by_; _concerning_.
Be than, _by that time_.

Bear on hand, _relate_; _inform_.

Bearis befor, _ancestors_.

Bedene, _forthwith_.

Beforn, _before_.

Beforouth, _before_; _formerly_.

Begouth, _began_.

Beild, _supply_; _place of shelter_.

Beit, _make better_.

Bekand, _basking_.

Belewyt, _delivered up_.

Beliff, _by and by_.

Bellamy, _friend_; _intimate_.

Bellis. Blyth as bellis?

Benk, _a bench_.

Bern, _barn_.

Bern, _baron_.

Bertane, _Britain_.

Bertynit, bertnyt, _struck_; _battered_.

Berys, _bury_.

Berynes, _interment_.

Beryt, _roared_.

Best, _beast_.

Best, _struck_; _beaten_.

Best, _shaken_.

Bestiall off tre, _engine for besieging_.

Bet, bett, _supplied_.

Betane, _inclosed_.

Betech, _commit_; _consign_;
_pr._ betaucht.

Betrayss, betreyss, _betray_.

Beyn, _splendid_; _showy_.

Bid, _wait_;
bidand, _abiding_.

Big, byg, _build_.

Blaw, _blow_; _stroke_.

Blaw, _brag_; _boast_.

Blawand, _blowing_.

Blenkit, _glanced_; _blinked_.

Blent, _glanced_; _turned the eye quickly_.

Bless, _blaze_.

Blyne, _cease_; _desist_.

Blythis, _gladdens_.

Bodward, _message_.

Body, _strength_; _bodily ability_.

Bodyn, _prepared_; _matched_.

Boist, _threatening_.

Bon, _bane_; _injury_.

Bonalais, _parting drink taken with a friend_.

Borch, _surety_; _become surety for_.

Bot, _but_.

Botand, _but if_; _except_.

Boun, boune, bown, _ready_.

Bounté, _worth_; _goodness_.

Bourdand, _jesting_.

Bourn, _rivulet_.

Bow-draught, _bow-shot_.

Bownyt, _made ready_.

Bowrugie, _burgesses_.

Boyis, _fetters_.

Bra, _side of a hill_; _acclivity_.

Brache, brachell, _dog used for tracking_.

Bradit, _drew out quickly_.

Braid, _brayed_.

Braith, _violent_; _severe_;
braithly, _violently_.

Bran, _brain_.

Brasaris, _vambraces_.

Brassit, _bound_; _tied_.

Brast, _burst_.

Brawland, _running into confusion_.

Breg, brig, bryg, _bridge_.

Brewyt, _put in writing_.

Brodyr, _brother_.

Brokyll, _fickle_; _inconstant_.

Browdyn, _displayed_; _unfurled_.

Brukyt, _enjoyed_.

Brundis, brwndys, _sparks_.

Brusch, _burst forth_.

Brycht, _fair lady_.

Bryg, _bridge_.

Brymly, _fiercely_; _keenly_.

Brynt, _burned_.

Bundyn, _bound_.

Burd, _board_; _table_.

Burdeous, _Bourdeaux_.

Burdowys, _those who fought with batons_.

Burdyn, _of boards_.

Burdys, _boards_.

Burgeans, _buds_.

Burly, _stately_; _strong_.

Busch, _lay in ambush_.

Buschement, _ambush_.

Busk, _prepare_; _move rapidly_.

Bustuous, _huge_; _powerful_.

But, _without_; _besides_.

But, _isle of Bute_.

Bute, _advantage_; _boot_.

By, _away from_; _against_.

Byggynge, _building_.

Bykkyr, _fight with rapid succession of strokes_.

Byrd, _it behoved_.

Burdyngis, _burdens_.

Byrk, _birch-tree_.

Byrn, _burn_.

Byrnys, _corslets_.

C

Caar, _sledge_; _hurdle_.

Caflis, _lots_.

Caiff, _cave_.

Cair, _return to a place_; _go_.

Call, _drive_; _Scot_. caw.

Can, _for_ gan, _began_.

Cannell bayne, _collar-bone_.

Cant, _lively_, _merry_.

Capleyne, _small helmet_.

Carge. To carge, _in charge_.

Carll, _strong man_.

Carnaill, _putrid_.

Carping, _talking_; _relation_.

Cass, _chance_.

Catour, _caterer_; _provider_.

Cauld, _cold_.

Cawk, _chalk_.

Cayme, _comb_.

Ceis, _cease_; cest, _ceased_.

Certes, _certainly_.

Chaipe, _escape_.

Chak, _check_.

Chamyr, _chalmer_.

Chapyt, _escaped_.

Char, _carriages_.

Char dout, _murmur distrust_.

Charnaill bandis, _rivetted hinges_.

Chass, _case_; _condition_.

Chasty, _chastise_.

Chemagé, _chief mansion_.

Chemer, _loose upper garment_.

Chesd, _chose_.

Chewalry, _men in arms_; _prowess_.

Chewalrous, _brave_; _gallant_.

Chewyss, _achieve_; _accomplish_.

Chewysans, _provision_; _acquirement_.

Child, chyld, _servant_; _page_.

Childer, _children_.

Child-ill, _pains of child-bearing_.

Chokkeis, _jaws_.

Choss, _choice_.

Chrystismes, _Christmas_.

Clag, _clog by adhesion_.

Clam, _climbed_.

Cleket, _tricker of an engine_.

Clemys, _claims_.

Clemyt, _emptied_.

Clep, clepe, _call_; _name_.

Cleuch, _precipice_; _rugged ascent_.

Cleue and law, _higher and lower part_.

Clippys, _grappling irons_.

Clyppyt, _grappled_.

Come, _arrival_; _advent_.

Conabill, _attainable_.

Conand, connand, _covenant_; _proffers_.

Conandly, _skilfully_.

Condet, _safe conduct_.

Conn, _know_.

Conquace, _conquest_.

Conquess, _acquire by conquest_.

Conryet, _disposed_.

Conseil, _conceal_.

Contene, _demean_; contenyng, _deportment_.

Contermyt, _firmly set against_.

Conteyne, _continue_.

Contré, _country_.

Contrer, _opposition_; _mischief_.

Conwoid, _conveyed_.

Conwyne, cowyne, covyne, _paction_; _condition_.

Cordyt, _agreed_; _accorded_.

Cornykle, _chronicle_.

Cost, _side of the body_.

Cosyt, _exchanged_.

Courche, _covering for a woman’s head_.

Couth, _could_.

Covyne, _same with_ Conwyne.

Cowardy, _cowardice_.

Cowart, _covert_.

Cowatyss, _covetousness_; _ambition_.

Cower, _recover_; coweryng, _recovery_.

Cowntir, _encounter_; _division of an army engaged in battle_.

Cowntyr palyss, _contrary to_.

Cowyne, _covenant_.

Coynyc, _corner_.

Crakys, _ordnance_.

Crykes, _angles_.

Cruell, _keen in battle_; _undaunted_; _terrible_.

Crukis, _windings of a river_.

Cuk, _cook_.

Culter, _coulter of a plough_.

Cummerit, _encumbered_.

Cunsail, _council_.

Cursour, _stallion_; _charger_.

Cusyng, _accusation_.

Cuwys, _caves_.

D

Dainté, _regard_; _kindness_.

Dait, _destiny_.

Dang, _struck_; dang to dede, _killed with repeated blows_.

Danger, daunger, _great exertion made by a pursuer_. But daunger,
_without apprehension_.

Danger, _perilous_.

Darn, _secret_.

Daw, _dawn_. Doune of daw, _dead_.

Dawch, daw, _lazy_.

Dawing, dawyn, _dawning_.

Debaid, _delay_.

Dede, deid, _death_; _dead_.

Dedeynyeit, _disdained_.

Defaill, _wax feeble_.

Defawtyt, _forfeited_.

Degesteable, _concocted_.

Deid. _V._ Dede.

Deille, _part_, _quantity_.

Deit, _deid_.

Deliuer, _light_; _agile_. Deliuerly, _nimbly_.

Demanyt, _demeaned_.

Dempt, demyt, _judged_; _doomed_.

Demyng, _judging_.

Den, _dam_.

Depertyt, _divided_.

Der, dere, deir, _hazard_; _adventure_; _injury_.

Deray, _disorder_; _disturbance_.

Derenye, _contest_.

Derf, derff, _active_; _severe_; _cruel_.

Derffly, _vigorously_.

Dess, _long seat erected against a wall_.

Dew, _dawned_.

Dewgar, _a salutation_.

Dewilry, _devilry_; _magic_.

Dewoydede, _divided_.

Dewour, dewory, _duty_.

Ding, _drive_; _beat_.

Discourrour, _scout_.

Disherys, _disinherit_.

Dispend, _expend_; dispending, _expenses_.

Dissaiff, _insecurity_.

Dissembill, _unclothed_.

Dissese, _want of ease_.

Distrowblyne, _disturbance_.

Diuiss, _devise_.

Diwysit, _divided_.

Do, _avail_.

Dongyn, _driven_.

Doren, _dare_.

Dosnyt, _stupified by a stroke_.

Douchty, _mighty_; _powerful_.

Doungeoun, _keep of a castle_.

Dounwith, _downwards_.

Dour, _stern_.

Doute, _fear_; _apprehension_.

Dowtyt, _feared_.

Draff, _grains_.

Dragoun. Raiss dragoun, _give up to military execution_.

Dre, drey, _suffer_; _undergo_.

Drefyd, _drove_.

Dreich, _slow_.

Dreiching, drychyn, _tarrying_; _delay_.

Dressyt, _prepared_.

Drouery, _illicit love_.

Dryw, _drive_.

Duell, _cease_; _rest_; _tarry_.

Duelt, _left_.

Duelling, _delay_.

Durwarth, durward, _doorkeeper_.

Dusche, _hard blow_.

Dycht, _prepared_; _dressed in armour_.

Dyk, _trench_.

Dykit, _fenced with ditches or ramparts_.

Dyner, _dinner_.

Dyng, _honourable_; _worthy_.

Dynnit, _resounded_.

Dynt, _blow_.

Dyrk, _dark_.

Dyschowyll, _undressed_.

Dyt, _endite_.

Dyttay, _indictment_.

Dytytt, _stopped_; _blocked up_.

E

Effer, _appearance_.

Effray, effraying, _terror_.

Effrayitly, _under affright_.

Eft, efter, eftir, _after_.

Eftremess, _a dessert_.

Eftsonys, _in a short time_.

Eld, _age_.

Eldaris, _ancestors_.

Eldfader, _grandfather_.

Elys, _eels_.

Ellis, _already_; _otherwise_; _else_.

Empriss, _enterprise_.

Emys, _uncles_.

Enbuschment, _ambush_.

Enbuschyt, _placed in ambush_; also, _ambuscade_.

Enchausyt, _pursued_.

Enchesoun, _reason_; _cause_.

Endenturis, _instruments_; _deeds_.

Endfundeyng, _perhaps asthma_.

Endlang, _along_.

Enforcely, _forcibly_.

Engaigne, _indignation_.

Engrewand, _vexing_; _annoying_.

Enkerly, encrely, _inwardly_.

Enpress, _enterprize_.

Enselyt, _sealed_.

Ensenye, _word of war_.

Ententely, _attentively_.

Ententyve, _earnest_; _intent_.

Entremellys, _skirmishes_.

Er, _before_.

Erd, _earth_.

Erdyt, _interred_.

Erewyn, _Irvine_.

Erlys, _earls_.

Ersche, _Irish_.

Eschel, _division of an army_.

Escheve, _achieve_.

Eschew, _achievement_.

Esful, _producing ease_.

Etling, _aim_; _design_.

Etlyt, _aimed_.

Euirilkane, _every one_.

Euirmar, _evermore_.

Ewynly, _equally_.

Eyme, _uncle_.

Eyn, _eyes_.

Eyth, _easy_.

F

Faboris, _suburbs_.

Fader, fadyr, _father_.

Fagaldis, _faggots_.

Faillyt, _wanted_.

Failyhé, _fail_.

Fais, _foes_.

Fallbrig, _bridge used in a siege_.

Falset, _falsehood_.

Falt, faut, faute, _want_.

Famen, _foes_.

Fand, _found_.

Fang, _capture_.

Fantiss, _fancy_.

Far, _expedition_.

Far, _solemn preparation_.

Far, _fair_.

Farand, _appearing_; weill farand, _handsome_.

Faring, _leading of an army_.

Farne, _fared_.

Fassoun, _fashion_.

Fastryngis-ewyn, _Shrove-tide_.

Faw, _fall_.

Fawely, _few in number_.

Fay, _faith_; _fidelity_.

Faynd, _endeavour_; _make shift_.

Faynding, _perhaps guile_.

Fayntice, _dissembling_.

Fayr, _solemn preparation_.

Fayr, _proper_, _expedient_.

Fe, _cattle_; _possessions in general_; _hereditary succession_.

Feble, _become weak_.

Feblis, _enfeeble_, _make weak_.

Fechtar, _warrior_.

Fede, _enmity_.

Feil, feill, fele, _many_.

Feil, _understand_.

Feit, _hired_.

Felcouth, _strange_.

Fell, _cruell_; _fierce_.

Fell syis, _often_, _many times_.

Felony, _cruelty_.

Felloun, _fierce_; _cruell_; _denoting excess_.

Fend, _tempt_.

Fende, _defend_.

Fenyeyng, _feigning_.

Fer, _preparation_.

Ferd, _fourth_; _waxed_, _became_.

Ferdly, ferdely, _fearfully_.

Fer, _far_.

Fer, _entire_; _sound_.

Fere, _companion_; _pl._ feris.

Ferly, _wonder_. Ferlyfull, _wonderful_.

Ferrar, _farther_.

Ferraris. Barell ferraris, _casks for carrying liquor_.

Feryt, _became_; _waxed_.

Feryt, _farrowed_.

Fest, _confirm by promise or oath_.

Feuiryher, _February_.

Fewte, _fealty_.

Fewtir, _rage_, _violent passion_.

Fey, _on the verge of death_.

Fey, _fief held of a superior_.

Feyrd, _fourth_.

Fichyt, _fixed_.

Flaikis, _hurdles_.

Flatlynys, _flat_.

Flaumyt, _flamed_.

Flawmand, _displaying_.

Flayt, _remonstrated_.

Flearis, _those who flee_.

Flechand, _flattering_.

Flem, _banish_.

Fleting, _sailing_.

Flett, _floated_.

Floryng, _florins_.

Flote, _fleet_.

Flothis, _floods_.

Flouss, _flood_.

Flyt, _transport by water_.

Foison, _abundance_.

Fold, _ground_.

Fond, found, _go_.

Forbeft, _in great perturbation_.

Forby, _past_; _beyond_.

Forbreist, _van of an army_.

Ford, _way_.

Fordyd, _destroyed_.

Forfar, _perish_; forfayr, _lost_.

Forfouchtyn, _exhausted with fighting_.

Forly, _ly with carnally_.

Forouch, forouth, _before_.

Forowsein, _foreseen_.

Forowt, foroutyn, _without_.

Forray, _ravage_, _pillage_; _ravaging_, _predatory excursion_.

Forreouris, _foraging party_.

Forrydar, _one who rides before_.

Forrown, _exhausted with running_.

Fors. Off fors, _of necessity_.

Forss, _a current_.

Forst noct, _gave no concern_.

Forsye, _powerful_; _superl._ forseast.

For thi, _therefore_. Nocht for thi, _nevertheless_.

Forthocht, _repented of_.

Forthwart, _precaution_.

Forthyr, _furtherance_.

Fortrawaillyt, _greatly fatigued_.

Forwondryt, _greatly surprised_.

Fothyr, _load_.

Fra, _from_; _from the time that_; _seeing_.

Frawart, _from_; _froward_.

Fraying, _friction_.

Frayit, _afraid_.

Fre, _noble_.

Freit, _strong man_; frekys, _pl._

Freith, _liberate_.

Frely, _noble_; _beautiful woman_.

Frest, _delay_.

Frewall, _fickle_.

Frog, _upper garment_, _frock_.

Frusch, _break in pieces_.

Frustir, _frustrated_.

Fud, _matrix_.

Fullely, _fully_.

Fulyt, _played the fool_.

Fundyn, _supplied_.

Fur, _furrow_.

Fur, _went_; _fared_.

Fute hate, _straightway_.

Fwyngyt, _foined_; _pushed_.

Fygowrd, _figured_.

Fyffe, _five_.

G

Ga, _go_.

Gabyt, _mocked_; gabbing, _mockery_.

Gadryng, _gathering_; _assembly_.

Gaf, gaff, _gave_.

Gait, _way_. A gait, _a little way_.

Galay, _reel_, _stagger_.

Galay, _ship_, _galley_.

Gamyn, _game_, _mirth_.

Gan, _began_.

Ganand, _becoming_.

Gang, _walk_; _proceed in discourse_.

Ganging, _going_.

Ganye, _arrow_; _iron gun_.

Gart, _caused_.

Garth, _inclosure_.

Gayne, _again_.

Gaynest, _nearest_.

Geddis, _pikes_, _jacks_.

Gentilly, _neatly_, _completely_.

Gentrice, _genteel manners_.

Ger, _warlike accoutrements_.

Ger, _cause_, _make_.

Gerettis, _watch towers_.

Gerit, _provided with armour_.

Gestis, _joists_.

Geyeler, _jaylor_.

Giff, _give_; _if_.

Glaidschip, _gladness_.

Glakyt, _foolish_, _rash_.

Glamrous, _noisy_.

Gle, glew, _game_; _fate of battle_.

Gleid, _squint eyed_.

Gleid, _strong or bright fire_.

Glisnyt, _blinked_.

Gloss, _dross_; _atoms_.

Gome, goym, _a man_.

Gossop, _gossip_, _sponsor_.

Gouernaill, _government_.

Gowlis, _gules in heraldry_.

Graith, _prompt_; _not embarrassed_; _straight_, _direct_; _earnest_.

Graithly, _readily_.

Granys, _groans_.

Grathit, _dressed in accoutrements_.

Graunt, _great_, _grand_.

Grawyn, _interred_.

Gre, _degree_.

Grece, _stair_; grecis, _steps_.

Greis, _greaves_.

Greis, _gray_.

Greit, _great_.

Gret, _cried_, _wept_.

Greting, gretyng, _act of weeping_.

Gretumly, _greatly_.

Grewing, _grievance_.

Growyt, _shuddered with terror_.

Gruchys, _grudges_; gruching, _repining_.

Grypyt, _griped_.

Gryth, _quarter in battle_.

Grunye, _promontory_.

Gud, _substance_; _provisions_.

Gud, _good_; _well-born_.