Chapter XXVII: The Triumph of Catharine II (5)

Pretyman, Dr. (afterwards Bishop Tomline), his “Life of Pitt,” 51 _et
seq._, 117, 152, 235, 284, 288, 411, 418, 584, 622.

Price, Dr. R., on national finance, quoted, 179, 180, 189;
question of Pitt’s indebtedness to him discussed, 190–3;
his sermon in the Old Jewry, 555.

Prussia, question of a British alliance, 312–14, 349, 352, 353, 364,
374, 375, 384;
proposes joint intervention with France at The Hague, 354, 363, 367;
invades Holland, 376, 488, 489;
capture of Amsterdam, 379;
policy in the Near East, 385–7;
the Triple Alliance, 389;
threatens Denmark, 497, 499;
treaty with Poland, 505, 521, 522, 593, 594;
Hertzberg’s policy, 506–10, 513;
desires Belgian independence, 511, 514–16;
anger against England, 516;
treaty with Turkey, 521, 529;
_entente_ with Austria, 523;
reception of British proposals for mediation, 525, 526;
result of the Congress of Reichenbach, 529, 530;
her Polish policy, 594–7, 600, 601;
duplicity of her policy, 601, 606, 607;
jealous of the revival of Poland, 628;
collapse of the British alliance, 629.
_See_ Frederick the Great and Frederick William II.

Puisaye, de, his settlement in Canada, 446, 447.

Pulteney, Daniel, on Pitt’s first Ministry, 158;
on his treatment of Fox, 173;
on the Sinking Fund, 191;
on Pitt’s Reform proposals, 200, 201;
his estimate of Pitt as a statesman, 207;
on Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, 257 _n._, 259, 271.

Pulteney, William, letter to Pitt on the Hastings affair, 237, 238;
on the Westminster election scrutiny, 271;
suggests arbitration in international affairs, 340;
on the financial position (1788), 405;
scheme for a convict settlement, 438;
deprecates export of flour to France, 543;
opposes the Army Estimates (1790), 550;
on the Convention with Spain, 586.

Putney Heath, Pitt’s house on, 265 _n._, 269, 270.

Quakers, the, their efforts to abolish slavery, 455, 457, 458.

Quebec Act, the (1774), 447, 448, 450.

Queensberry, Duke of, joins the Prince of Wales’s party, 415, 424.

Quesnay, François, 322.

Radcliffe, William, his power loom, 3;
his description of prosperity in Lancashire quoted, 30.

Ramsay, Rev. James, 457, 458.

Ranelagh, description of, 18, 19;
decline of its popularity, 20.

Rawdon, Lord. _See_ Moira, Earl of.

Rayneval, Comte de, French diplomatist, 325, 328–30, 334–6, 338.

Redern, Count, Prussian Minister in London, 608, 614.

Redesdale, Lord. _See_ Mitford, John.

Reichenbach Conference, 528–30;
Convention, 583 _n._, 589, 591, 592, 597, 614, 620.

Reis Effendi, Turkish Minister, 487.

Reform. _See_ Parliament.

Reform Associations, County, 21, 27, 68, 71, 169.

Reform, Economic, movement for, 68, 110, 113.

Regency Bill (1765), 410;
(1789) introduced, 423;
withdrawn, 426.

Regency question, the, 410, 413;
debates in Parliament, 415–20;
Pitt’s Resolutions carried, 422;
unreality of the debates, 423, 424;
pamphlets on the subject, 424, 425.

Reims, visit of Pitt to, 137–9.

Renunciation Act, Irish (1783), 245, 246.

Revolution of 1688, 539;
compared with the French Revolution, 554, 555.

Richmond, Duke of, advocates reform, 71, 72, 109;
Master-General of the Ordnance, 111, 112, 114, 116, 157, 546 _n._;
opposes Shelburne, 119;
his proposals for fortifying Portsmouth and Plymouth, 211, 212 _n._;
Memorandum on alliance with Austria, 319;
on the Dutch crisis, 359;
on the Slave Trade, 461, 477;
on Russian policy, 611, 616.

Rigby, Richard, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, anecdote of, 24.

Robespierre, 322, 348.

Robinson, Morris (afterwards Lord Rokeby), 90.

Robinson, “Perdita,” 393.

Rockingham, Marquis of, official chief of the Whigs, 80;
refuses to unite with Shelburne, 101;
his terms for accepting office, 103;
becomes Prime Minister, 104;
protests against Pitt’s inclusion in the Cabinet, 105;
his death, 110.

Rodney, Lord, his victory over De Grasse, 106.

Rohilla War, the, 225, 232, 238.

Rokeby, Lord. _See_ Robinson, Morris.

Rolle, Lord, 401, 568.

“Rolliad,” the, 263, 276, 280, 289, 401.

Romilly, Sir Samuel, quoted, 101, 107, 433.

Roode, Count de, his mission to London, 413, 514.

Rose, George, his friendship with Pitt, 139, 286;
Secretary to the Treasury, 157, 194, 259, 285, 286, 406, 407, 578
_n._, 579.

Rossbach, Battle of, 382.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, his “Contrat Social,” 2, 7, 26, 61, 322, 323,
537, 539, 540;
on British elections, 27;
story of the peasant and, 538, 539.

Royal Marriage Act (1772), 395.

Russell, Lord John, 466.

Russia, alliance with Austria, 299;
proposals for a British alliance, 315;
war with Turkey, 375, 487, 488, 490, 502, 505, 506, 590, 591;
joined by Austria, 384, 385, 491;
alliance with Poland, 485, 486;
failure of the harvest (1787), 486;
British policy towards her, 489, 605;
war with Sweden, 491, 493, 494, 502;
aided by Denmark, 501, 502;
financial corruption in, 505;
makes peace with Sweden, 532;
state of, in 1790, 591;
British ultimatum to, 609, 610;
successes against the Turks, 625;
peace with Turkey, 626;
alliance with Sweden, 628, 629.
_See_ Catharine II.

Rutland, Duke of, his friendship with Pitt, 56–8, 74;
Lord Privy Seal, 156;
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 156, 207, 208, 246, 247, 249–52, 337;
letters of Pitt to, 168, 201, 209, 257, 260, 265, 318.

Ryder, Dudley (afterwards Earl of Harrowby), 267, 269, 270, 586.

Sackville, Viscount (Lord G. Germain), 79, 100;
letter of Pitt to, 155;
declines office, 156.

St. Albans Tavern, negotiations at the, 164, 165.

St. Domingo, risings of slaves in, 467–9.

St. John, Lord, 58, 90.

St. Kitts, ceded to Great Britain, 116, 121.

St. Lucia, ceded to France, 115, 121.

St. Pierre, ceded to France, 116.

St. Priest, Comte de, French agent in Egypt, 327, 355.

St. Vincent, ceded to Great Britain, 116.

Salisbury, Countess of, at Westminster Election, 172.

Salm, Rhinegrave of, 356, 376.

Sandwich, Earl of, 79, 101, 428.

Sawbridge, Alderman, his motions in favour of Reform, 109, 178, 197;
opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, 463.

Saxe, Maréchal de, 307.

Sayer, James, caricature by, 146.

Scheldt, opening of the, 298, 311, 316.

Schliessen, General, 512.

Schönborn, Danish envoy in London, 496.

Scott, Major, agent of Hastings in Parliament, 228, 235, 544.

Scott, John. _See_ Eldon, Lord.

Schulenberg, Count, 609, 621 _n._

Seditious writings, royal proclamation against (1792), 472.

Ségur, Comte de, French War Minister, 373 _n._, 379;
French Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 484, 485.

Selim III, Sultan of Turkey, 502, 506;
fails to secure a compact with Poland, 595, 596.

Selwyn, George, on Pitt and Fox, 26;
on Pitt’s early speeches, 87, 89;
on “Goostree’s,” 91;
prophecies the ruin of Lord North’s Ministry, 101.

Senegal, ceded to France, 116.

Senegambia, ceded to Great Britain, 121.

Sevastopol, construction of a dockyard and navy at, 304, 481.

Sharp, Granville, 455, 473, 478;
founds the Abolitionist Society, 456, 458;
conference with Pitt, 460.

Sheffield, Lord, 257.

Shelburne, Earl of (afterwards Marquis of Lansdowne), on Economic
Reform, 69;
his character, 82, 83;
attack on the Government (1781), 83;
on the King’s skill in intrigue, 99;
proposes to Rockingham to unite their parties, 101;
position of his party, 103;
made intermediary between the King and Rockingham, 104;
Secretary of State, 105;
Prime Minister, 111;
attacked by Fox, 111, 112;
in favour of exchanging Gibraltar, 114;
difficulties of his Ministry, 115;
defeated in the Commons and resigns, 123;
advises the King to make Pitt Prime Minister, 125;
not included in Pitt’s Ministry, 155;
made Marquis of Lansdowne, 155 _n._;
his influence on Pitt, 184;
supports Hastings, 228;
in favour of a commercial treaty with France, 325.

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, supports Pitt’s reform proposals, 108;
resigns, 111;
denounces the peace, 120;
made Secretary to the Treasury, 129;
opposes Pitt’s proposal for a Sinking Fund, 192;
his speeches against Hastings, 225, 231, 240;
speech on the Irish Resolutions, 262–4;
espouses the cause of the Prince of Wales, 398, 401;
his conduct on the King’s illness, 408, 409, 417, 418;
assists in drawing up the Prince’s reply to Pitt’s letter, 421;
on the aims of the Prince of Wales, 428, 429;
opposes the Russian War, 613, 624.

Sheridan, Mrs., 421.

Shooting, licences for, 186.

Sierra Leone, settlement of liberated slaves in, 473.

Sinclair, Sir John, 191.

Sinking Fund, Pitt’s proposals for a, 188–95.

Sistova, Congress of, 591, 592, 600, 606, 620, 625.

Slaughter, Colonel, 396.

Slave Trade, the. _See_ Chap. XX;
English participation in, 9, 21;
the Abolitionist Society founded, 22, 458;
statistics, 456, 463, 474;
Privy Council inquiry, 459, 461, 462, 464, 465;
attitude of France and Spain, 460, 462;
disastrous results of liberating slaves in French colonies, 467,
468;
motions in Parliament (1788), 460–2,
(1789), 462–4,
(1790), 465,
(1791), 466, 467,
(1792), 469–71,
(1793), 472,
(1794), 474,
(1795–7), 475.

Smith, Major-General, M.P., 91, 403, 586.

Smith, Adam, his “Wealth of Nations,” 60, 182, 322, 323, 325;
his influence on Pitt exaggerated, 183, 184;
anecdote of Pitt and, 241;
advocates the Irish Union, 242.

Smith, Robert (“Bob”). _See_ Carrington, Lord.

Smuggling, prevalence of, 181–3.

South Africa, question of a convict settlement in, 435.

Spain, peace concluded with, 115, 116, 136;
the Nootka Sound dispute, _see_ Chap. XXV;
claims absolute sovereignty on the north-west coast of America,
565, 573;
her position in 1790, 568;
discontent in Spanish America against, 568, 569;
her claims denied by Great Britain, 569, 570, 572–5;
agrees to give satisfaction, 575;
British ultimatum, 582;
refuses French offer of help, 583;
outrage in the Gulf of Florida, 583;
treaty with Great Britain, 584, 585, 587, 588;
favours the Allies against Russia, 599, 600.

Sparry, Mrs., nurses Pitt at Cambridge, 51.

Spencer, Lord, 428.

Spielmann, Baron, Austrian envoy in Berlin, 528, 529.

Squires, privileges and powers of the, 14–16.

Staël, Mme. de, on Wilberforce’s conversation, 92;
project for her marriage with Pitt, 140, 141.

Stafford, Marquis of, 360, 616.

Stanhope, Earl (Lord Mahon), 109, 148, 154, 155;
his influence on Pitt, 184, 185;
his scheme for a Sinking Fund, 193, 194;
his Reform Bill rejected by the Lords, 206.

Stanhope, 5th Earl, his writings quoted, 85 _n._, 102, 110, 135 _n._,
152 _n._, 279 _n._, 389 _n._, 421 _n._, 587, 613.

Stanhope, Lady Hester, anecdote of, 272.

Stanislaus, King of Poland, 485, 486, 505, 627, 630.

Steele, Thomas, his friendship with Pitt, 91, 285, 286;
Secretary of the Treasury, 157, 267, 268, 612.

Stein, Colonel, 388.

Stephen, James, 473.

Stephenson, George, his steam-engine, 3.

Storer, Anthony Morris, M.P., 85, 585, 611 _n._, 614.

Stormont, Lord, President of the Council, 129, 132, 427, 428, 611.

Suffrage, universal, opposed by Pitt, 130, 131.

Suvóroff, Count, Russian General, 490, 506, 591.

Sveaborg, Swedish Navy at, 493, 494.

Sweden, compact with France, 301–4;
desires alliance with England, 385, 493;
war with Russia, 491, 493, 502, 530;
alliance with Turkey, 493;
mutiny of officers, 493, 494;
threatened by Denmark, 496, 497;
peace with Russia, 532.
_See_ Gustavus III.

Sydney, Lord (Thomas Townshend), Home Secretary, 111, 114, 156, 250,
428;
suggests a convict settlement at Botany Bay, 437–41;
his share in the Canada Bill, 449, 452;
resigns, 449, 464, 477, 478;
opposes bill for regulating transport of slaves, 461.

Sydney, foundation of the settlement at, 440, 443.

Talleyrand, Périgord Charles Maurice de, his meeting with Pitt, 139.

Tarleton, Colonel, 469.

Taxes, Board for, instituted by Pitt, 188.

Tea, huge duty on, 182;
increased use of, due to smuggling, 182;
duty on, reduced by Pitt, 184, 185.

Telegul, Lake, 619.

Temesvar, Banat of, 481, 491.

Temple, George Grenville, Earl (afterwards Marquis of Buckingham),
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 111;
suggested as Prime Minister, 126;
resigns, 129;
sounded by the King, 134;
commends Pitt for declining Thurlow’s overtures, 135;
aids the King to secure rejection of the India Bill, 147, 148;
made Privy Seal, 148;
resigns office, 152;
rupture with Pitt, 153;
made Marquis of Buckingham, 154, 188, 253, 265, 341, 404, 411;
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 424, 428, 429.

Temple, Richard Grenville, Earl, letter from Pitt to, 47;
letter to Pitt, 66.

Test Act, the, proposed repeal of, 212, 214;
the proposal rejected, 215;
repealed in Ireland, 244, 245.

Thatched House Tavern, 109.

Thellusson, Peter, the banker, 138.

Thorn, Polish district and fortress, question of its cession to
Prussia, 387, 507, 511 _n._, 521 _n._, 522, 526, 529, 594, 596,
597, 599, 601, 606, 607, 613, 614.

Thornton, Henry, 473.

Thulemeyer, Prussian envoy at The Hague, 354, 364, 365;
recalled, 375.

Thurlow, Lord, Lord Chancellor, 79;
negotiates with Rockingham, 103;
retained as Chancellor, 104;
opposes Reform, 110;
his advice to the King on retirement to Hanover, 127;
his overtures to Pitt on the question of Reform, 134;
advice to the King on the India Bill, 147;
Lord Chancellor in Pitt’s Ministry, 156, 359, 611, 616;
his character, 156, 157;
supports Hastings, 228, 235;
anecdote of, 289;
his treachery on the King’s illness, 408–10;
retraces his steps, 420;
interview with the King, 426;
attitude on the Slavery question, 461, 462, 464, 471, 472, 474;
the King’s partiality to him, 464, 465;
relations with Pitt, 464–6, 472;
dismissed, 472, 478.

Thynne, Henry, made Lord Carteret, 159.

Tierney, George, duel with Pitt, 269.

Tippoo Sahib, 221, 230, 383, 610.

Tobago, ceded to France, 115, 121.

Tomline, Bishop. _See_ Pretyman, Dr.

Tordesillas, treaty of (1494), 563.

Tott, M., 482.

Toussaint l’Ouverture, 479.

Townshend, John, Lord, letter from Pitt to, 65;
Master of the Ordnance, 79;
defeated at Cambridge, 171.

Townshend, Thomas. _See_ Sydney, Lord.

Trade, Board of, abolished, 257.

Transportation, offences punished by, 433, 434.

Travancore, Rajah of, 610.

Trincomalee, ceded to Holland, 116, 136;
offered to France, 356, 370.

Triple Alliance, the (1788), 384–9;
defects of, 517;
reality of, 582, 589;
collapse of, 627, 629.

Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 322, 324.

Turkey, schemes of Catharine II with regard to, 304, 353, 481–3;
war with Russia, 375, 384, 385, 487, 490, 502, 505, 590, 591, 620,
621, 625;
Austria declares war on, 491;
alliance with Sweden, 493;
Prussian schemes at her expense, 505–10;
treaty with Prussia, 521, 529;
deserted by Sweden, 532;
peace with Austria, 625;
peace with Russia, 626.

Turner, Dr., at Cambridge, 52.

Tuscany, Grand Duke of, 319 _n._
_See_ Leopold II.

United Empire Loyalists. _See_ Loyalists.

United Provinces, the, peace concluded with, 115, 116, 136, 306;
feuds between the Patriots and the Stadholder, 305, 306, 349–51,
355, 359–61, 372;
constitution of, 307, 308;
alliance with France, 316, 317, 332;
joint action with the French in East Indies, 317 and _n._, 356;
excesses of the Free Corps, 351, 355, 361, 362, 369, 371, 372, 374,
376, 380, 382;
invaded by the Prussians, 376;
surrender of Amsterdam, 379;
destruction of French influence in, 379–82;
treaty with England (1788), 383;
joins the Triple Alliance, 389;
subsidized by Pitt, 572;
reluctant to coerce Russia, 602, 606, 610.

United States, the, Shelburne Ministry offer to recognize their
independence, 113;
peace concluded, 114;
prohibit the importation of convicts, 434;
treatment of the Loyalists after the war, 444, 446.

Utrecht, Province and City of, 350, 355, 361, 376.

Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), 21, 326, 329, 455, 573.

Vancouver Island, 562, 571, 588.

Van der Noot, proposes a Belgian Republic, 512, 519 _n._

Van der Spiegel, Grand Pensionary of the United Provinces, 383.

Varennes incident, its effect in Eastern Europe, 625, 626, 628.

Venezuela, 569.

Vérac, Marquis de, French envoy at The Hague, 354, 370;
recalled, 371, 372, 373 _n._, 376, 379.

Vergennes, Comte de, French Foreign Minister, his American policy,
113, 116;
his hostility to England, 310;
his success in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, 316, 317;
his character and policy, 324;
negotiates the commercial treaty with England, 325, 326, 328–30,
332, 333, 338, 341, 343–5, 347;
deeper schemes, 344, 356, 482;
his death, 345.

Verney, Earl, defeated at the polls, 171.

Versailles, Treaty of (1783), 116, 136, 139, 296, 325, 339, 340, 443.

Vienna, Treaties of, 305.

Voltaire, 322, 323, 539.

Volunteer Movement, 106.

Volunteers, Irish, 244–7.

Vonck, Francis, 512.

Vorontzoff, Count, Russian Ambassador in London, 304 _n._, 312, 315,
489, 504, 560, 623, 624.

Wales, George, Prince of (afterwards George IV), anecdote of, 24;
his drunken orgies, 25;
his gambling, 26;
question of his allowance settled, 132, 133;
supports Fox in the election of 1784, 173, 393;
his early career, 392, 393;
friendship with Fox, 393, 395;
quarrel with the King, 393–402;
his debts and extravagance, 394, 395, 398, 400, 402, 403 _n._;
secret marriage with Mrs. Fitzherbert, 394–401;
reconciliation with the King, 402;
renewed excesses with the Duke of York, 402, 403;
political activity against Pitt, 402–4;
his behaviour on the King’s illness, 407–10, 412;
negotiations with Pitt, 412, 418–20;
answer to Pitt’s letter, 421, 504;
consents to act as Regent, 422;
accessions to his party, 424;
interview with the King on his recovery, 426, 427;
aims of his followers, 428, 429;
his explanations to the King, 430.

Walfisch Bay, 435.

Wallachia, 385, 387, 481, 505, 507, 511, 525, 625.

Walpole, Sir Edward, death of, 159.

Walpole, Horace, on the condition of England, 6, 19, 21, 25, 27;
praises Pitt’s early speeches, 87, 88, 101;
on Lord Montagu, 104;
on Pitt’s proposal for Reform, 130 and _n._;
on the English character, 142;
on Pitt’s character, 147, 275;
on the elections of 1784, 171;
quoted, 133, 141, 169.

Walpole, Sir Robert, his plan for a Sinking Fund, 188, 189.

Warren, Dr., physician to the King, 410, 415, 420, 421, 426.

Warsaw, Treaty of (1790), 521.

Watson, Alderman, 586.

Watson, Bishop, his “Reminiscences,” 215.

Watt, James, his inventions, 2, 3, 28, 30, 31.

Wedderburn, Alexander. _See_ Loughborough, Lord.

Wedgwood, Josiah, head of the “Great Chamber of Manufacturers,” 257,
259, 333.

Welzie’s Club, 403.

Werela, Peace of (1790), 532.

Wesley, John, 455;
his “Thoughts upon Slavery,” 456.

Wesleyan Revival, the, 322.

Westcote, Lord, 88.

West India merchants, oppose Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, 255, 260.

West Indies, the, gains and losses in, at the Peace of Versailles,
115, 116, 121;
slavery in, 454, 457, 459, 465–7, 477;
risings of slaves in, 467–9;
losses of troops in the war in, 479.

Westminster Election of 1784, 172, 173;
the scrutiny, 254, 257 _n._, 259, 271, 272.

Westmorland, Earl of, 58;
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 265.

Whigs, the, two groups in 1780, 80–2.

Whitbread, Samuel, 474, 613, 614.

Whitworth, Charles, Earl, British Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 598,
599, 606, 609, 623, 624.

Widdin, the Pacha of, 506.

Wilberforce, William, 22;
on Lady Chatham, 38;
his friendship with Pitt, 58;
praises his oratory, 87;
his character, 91–3;
goes with Pitt to France, 137;
elected member for York, 170;
speaks in favour of Reform, 201, 206;
Pitt’s letters to, quoted, 188, 201, 286, 287, 291, 292;
supports Pitt’s attitude in the Hastings affair, 230, 231, 237;
Pitt with him at Wimbledon, 267–9, 279;
letter to Pitt on the Irish Propositions, 282, 283;
his religious convictions and temporary retirement, 291, 292;
devotes himself to the cause of the slaves, 455, 457, 458;
joins the Abolitionist Society, 458;
his illness, 460;
campaign against the Slave Trade, 462, 465–8, 471–8;
disagreement with Pitt, 457, 477;
his Diary quoted, 130, 138, 139, 154, 267, 269, 274, 559;
mentioned, 208, 322, 544.

Wilbraham, R., his speech in defence of Hastings, 232.

Wilkes affair, the, 10, 26, 167.

Wilkes, John, welcomes Pitt to the City, 167.

William, Prince, his return from the West Indies, 549.

William V, Prince of Orange, Stadholder of the United Provinces, 306,
308, 309, 350, 351, 355, 359–61, 371, 382, 383.

Willis, Rev. Dr. Francis, his reports on the King’s illness, 414,
415, 420, 421, 426.

Wilson, Rev. Edward, Pitt’s tutor, 41, 42, 49, 51, 53.

Wimbledon, Lauriston House, 267–70.

Windham, William, 86, 91;
favours the settlement of French royalists in Canada, 447;
opposes abolition of slavery, 477;
on the Nootka Sound dispute, 586.

Window tax, the (1784), 184, 185.

Woodfall, Henry, 264.

Wordsworth, William, his lines on Cambridge quoted, 56;
his tour in France, 555.

Woronzow, Count. _See_ Vorontzoff.

Wraxall, Sir Nathaniel, quoted, 82, 100, 145, 156, 163, 171, 201,
211, 214, 232, 234, 236, 262, 271, 272, 273, 276, 333, 404,
462, 624.

Wray, Sir Cecil, 109, 121 _n._;
defeated at Westminster, 172, 173.

Wyvill, Rev. Christopher, 169, 199, 201, 205, 429;
Pitt’s letter to him on Reform, 197, 198.

Yonge, Sir George, Secretary at War, 157, 158.

York, the election at (1784), 169, 170.

York, Frederick, Duke of, 312, 396;
his home-coming, 402;
excesses with the Prince of Wales, 402, 403, 406, 407, 427;
speech on the Regency question, 419, 420;
interview with the King, 426, 427;
negotiations for his marriage, 629, 630.

Yorke, Charles, 290.

Yorktown, surrender of Cornwallis at, 100, 101.

Young, Arthur, his praise of English landowners, 32;
on the use of tea, 182;
his “Travels in France,” quoted, 346, 538, 541.

Young, Admiral Sir George, his scheme for colonizing Botany Bay,
436–9, 441.

Young, Sir William, epigram on Burke, 416.

Zealand, Province of, 350, 368.

CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.

TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations.

Footnotes, originally at the bottoms of the pages that referenced them, have been collected, sequentially renumbered, and placed just before the Index.

The Index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.

The Errata on pages 157 and 267 have been corrected in this eBook.

Page 122: The second footnote (“Wraxall”) had no anchor; Transcriber added one in a likely place.