Chapter M: C. Baillairgé, Quebec (32)

=Stevenson, Major Samuel Cottingham=, (B.A.), was born in Montreal, on the 7th August, 1848. He attended the high school in that city and afterwards graduated at McGill University, taking the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His father was Mr. James Stevenson, a native of Campbellton, Argyleshire, Scotland, and his mother was Elizabeth Cottingham, a descendant of the Cottinghams, of County Caven, Ireland. When a youth Mr. Stevenson entered the ranks of the Victoria Rifles, Montreal, and not long afterwards he saw active service in the Fenian raid of 1866. He afterwards held a commission in the 1st, or Prince of Wales’ Rifles, and was present in the engagement at Eccles’ Hill, on the Vermont border, in 1870. In the year 1881 Mr. Stevenson retired from the force with the rank of Major. For over fifteen years Mr. Stevenson has taken a very prominent part in the exhibition affairs of the Dominion. He entered on the work in 1872, as assistant at the first large provincial exhibition held at Montreal. Mr. Stevenson worked so efficiently, and made himself so useful everywhere at this time, that his services were called into requisition at the next provincial exhibition, held in the following year on the new grounds at Mile End, Montreal. On this occasion he showed himself so energetic and capable that he was placed in entire charge of the industrial department of the exhibition. We next find that in the preparations made for the representation of Canada at the great Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876, Mr. Stevenson was appointed secretary to the advisory board, in succession to Mr. H. Beaugrand, mayor of Montreal, and when the exhibition opened he was appointed special commissioner there for the province of Quebec. He had secured a magnificent display of products and manufactures from Montreal, Quebec, Sherbrooke, and the province generally. The services he rendered at the great American Centennial were of a most important character, not only in the amount of well-directed labor he performed, but for his good influence in promoting the commerce and interests of his native country generally. On Mr. Stevenson’s return, his practical services were acknowledged by the gift of a splendid gold watch and chain and an address. In the next year a permanent exhibition committee for the province of Quebec was named, and Mr. Stevenson was unanimously chosen secretary, and has held the position till the present time. In that capacity he originated and managed the first of the series of Dominion exhibitions which have been held in various parts of Canada ever since, and which have been the means of greatly fostering the inter-provincial relations of the country. In fact, it was at this exhibition that the attention of that large portion of the people of the older provinces who had never troubled themselves much about it, became earnestly concentrated upon the great North-West, Mr. Stevenson having obtained a most interesting collection of exhibits from Manitoba and the adjoining territories. Till now all the principal exhibitions in Canada had been provincial in character, but a new era was opened by this event, and the Dominion government, having voted a special grant of $5000, have maintained the exhibition ever since, it being held in different cities and different provinces each year. Mr. Stevenson was the chief organizer and manager of all the exhibitions held in Montreal since 1872, and in 1883 contributed much to the success of the Dominion exhibition at St. John, N.B., by the contributions he raised in Quebec and Ontario, as he did also to the success of the International Exhibition at Antwerp in 1885, at which Canada was well represented. His work in connection with the Colonial and Indian exhibition is too well known to the public of Canada and England to need an extended reference here. From the moment the idea was started Mr. Stevenson entered heart and soul into the work, and organized the largest collection of exhibits ever sent out of his province. He gave many suggestions of value to the Dominion government, and at the request of Sir Charles Tupper, was dispatched to London to assist in arranging the details of the Canadian section, alloting the spaces, etc. That Mr. Stevenson worked well, and that he rendered the most valuable service in the interests of all parts of the Dominion, is admitted on all sides, and that he triumphed successfully over the difficulties of want of space and the inconvenient arrangement of the building will also be most readily admitted by those who best understood the nature of the task before him, as well as by those who had an opportunity of seeing the admirable arrangement of the Canadian court. He took the initiative in the formation of the Exhibitors’ Commercial Exchange at the exhibition, established for the purpose of developing and fostering closer commercial relations between the various British colonies, and was its provisional chairman. Mr. Stevenson is secretary of the Council of Arts and Manufactures of the Province of Quebec, under whose direction is placed the technical and art education of the province. He is director of technical and art instruction, and has taken a warm interest in the work of the schools under the control of the council. He has contributed several valuable articles on technical education. Mr. Stevenson took a prominent part in inducing the American Association for the Advancement of Science to hold its sessions in Montreal in 1882, and was also one of the local secretaries, in conjunction with Hon. Thomas White, ex-Mayor Rivard and Mr. S. E. Dawson, on the occasion of the famous meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held there in 1884. Mr. Stevenson’s wide and varied experience in exhibition matters is well appreciated and recognized by those who know him in America, and he was consequently elected vice-president of the International Association of Fairs and Expositions at the annual convention of that body held in St. Louis, Mo., in 1884. He was also appointed honorary commissioner for Canada for the Boston Foreign exhibition, held in 1883. That the people of his own city have confidence in his judgment in exhibition matters is evidenced by the fact that the Montreal Board of Trade desired to have his views and his advice before commiting itself to any line of action in connection with the proposed permanent exhibition, as suggested by the London Chamber of Commerce, in 1886. It is pleasing to notice that, notwithstanding the calls on Mr. Stevenson’s energy, he can still find time to promote the athletic sports of Canada. He was for some years secretary of the old Dominion Lacrosse and Snow Shoe Club, and has several good records to his credit; was president of the Independent Lacrosse Club and of the Wolseley Snow Shoe Club, and in 1880 he was elected president of the National Lacrosse Association of Canada. Mr. Stevenson is thoroughly acquainted with the French language, which is of great advantage in the province of Quebec, and has travelled extensively through Europe, United States and his own country. He is a member of the Presbyterian church of Canada. Mr. Stevenson is a member of the “Societé de Géographie Commerciale,” of Paris, and a corresponding member of the Industrial Education Association, of New York. He is also a director of the Great Northern Railway Company. In 1878 Mr. Stevenson was married to Gertrude, daughter of Col. Caldwell, of Delaware, a relative of the late Bayard Taylor on her mother’s side, and whose great grandfather was a general in the Revolutionary war.

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=Keirstead, Rev. Elias Miles=, M.A., Professor of English Literature and Psychology in Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., is a native of New Brunswick. He was born at Collina, Kings county, in that province, February 11th, 1850. His father, Rev. Elias Keirstead, was a Baptist minister, well known in the maritime provinces, his mother being Margaret Ganong, of a family also equally well known. The family of Keirstead is originally of German extraction, but for six generations our subject’s branch has resided on this continent. John Keirstead, of New York, is the first of the family of whom we have any record, as far as the new world is concerned. He had a son, Jacobus, and he was the father of James, who, with five of his brothers and one sister, came to New Brunswick as loyalists. Isaiah, our subject’s grandfather, was born in the United States, and came to Kings county, New Brunswick, when a child. He (Isaiah) married Lydia Gray, a daughter of Captain William Gray, who was also a loyalist. Our subject’s mother was the daughter of James Ganong, also of loyalist stock, he being a son of Thomas, who founded the family in New Brunswick. Thomas was of Irish descent on his father’s side, and English on that of his mother. Thomas had two brothers, officers in the English army, and who were with Wellington at Waterloo. James’ wife, and grandmother of the subject of this sketch, was Margaret, a daughter of Captain William Cox, who was also a loyalist. Prof. Keirstead was educated primarily at the common and superior schools of his native parish, when he entered the University of New Brunswick, and subsequently Newton Theological Institution, Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated at the head of his class in 1873, at the university, and at the Newton Theological Institution in 1876, and subsequently obtained the degree of M.A. from Acadia College. At the university he took all the studies in the prescribed course for B.A., and, in addition, took honors for special work in mathematics, English language and literature, and French language and literature. At the Theological Institution he followed the regular course of three years for full graduation. The course embraced among other studies, New Testament interpretation (Greek), Old Testament interpretation (Hebrew), systematic and biblical theology, pastoral theology, homiletics, church polity, church history, and history of doctrines. He also took special lectures in Hebrew. As might be expected, from the position Professor Keirstead occupies, he holds strongly the views of the Baptist denomination. As a controversialist he is one of no light calibre, having great force of character, and intellectual gifts, both natural and acquired, of the highest order. He married, June 21st, 1877, Mary J., second daughter of the late Joel Fenwick, of Millstream, Kings county, N.B. The Fenwicks are of English descent, Matthew, the father of Joel, coming from that country and settling in New Brunswick. Matthew Fenwick’s wife was Miriam, a daughter of William Freeze, who settled in Amherst, N.S., from England, and afterwards migrated to New Brunswick. Mrs. Keirstead’s mother was Ann, daughter of Robert McLeod, whom it is not necessary to state was of Scottish extraction. Professor Keirstead was ordained a pastor of the Baptist church at Milton, Yarmouth, N.S., December 5th, 1876. In 1877 he was installed as pastor of the church of the same body at Windsor, Nova Scotia, which pulpit he occupied until called upon to fill his present high position. He is secretary of the Baptist Convention of the maritime provinces, and has occupied that relation to the body for nine years. Professor Keirstead is also known in literature, more particularly, of course, in that connected with the church to which he is such an ornament. At the present writing his family consists of two children; one boy and one girl, both of whom are, of course, still young.

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=Fitzpatrick, Charles=, Advocate, Quebec. Although still quite a young man, the subject of this sketch has already won a foremost position at the Quebec bar, and his reputation is more than local. There are few members of his profession whose name is more widely known beyond the limits of that province. It sprang into general prominence with the Riel case, and during some anxious months it was constantly before the world in connection with the trial of the half-breed leader, and the efforts made to obtain a commutation of his sentence. Mr. Fitzpatrick is of Irish Catholic parentage and was born at Quebec on the 19th December, 1853; his father’s name being John Fitzpatrick, and his mother’s, Mary Connolly. His ancestry were always noted for their devotion to the cause of Ireland, and our subject is, in this respect, an ardent follower in their patriotic footsteps. His grandfather, James Fitzpatrick, was a prominent supporter of the great Irish leader, Daniel O’Connell, during the repeal agitation. Young Charles Fitzpatrick was educated at the Quebec Seminary and Laval University, of which last he was, in 1876, the Dufferin medallist in the law faculty. On being admitted to the practice of the law, he rapidly pushed into note, and acquired a large business. His ability as a criminal lawyer was so marked that, under the Joly provincial government in 1879, it singled him out for the crown prosecutorship for the city and district of Quebec; and in that responsible capacity he acted for some time to the satisfaction of the public and the enhancement of his own reputation. Upon the defeat of the Joly ministry he was replaced by their successors; but, on the return of the Liberals to power in the province, with the Hon. H. Mercier, in 1887, he was again appointed crown prosecutor for the Quebec district, and still holds the office. During the interval, between 1880 and 1887, he figured prominently in most of the important cases before the provincial courts. He represented the Belgian government in the celebrated Tournai frauds case at Montreal, and the United States government in the great Eno extradition case at Quebec, and, in 1885, he woke to find himself famous all over the Dominion, by his retainer as one of the leading counsel for the defence in the Riel case. In politics he is a strong Liberal, and has taken an active part in nearly all the federal and provincial elections in his section since 1878. He speaks both languages with equal familiarity and fluency, and is as much at home in addressing a French as an English audience. He has travelled in America and Europe. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He married on the 20th May, 1879, Corinne, daughter of the late Hon. R. E. Caron, the second lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec under Confederation, and a sister of Sir A. P. Caron, Dominion minister of militia.

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=Williams, Richard Wellington=, Three Rivers, Quebec, Druggist, and one of the prominent Temperance leaders of that province, was born in Montreal, July 15th, 1853. He comes of English stock, his father being Richard Williams, a confectioner, and native of Tavistock, Devonshire, England, his mother’s maiden name being Gendle, also a native of the same place. His father died while our subject was very young, and his mother married, some time afterward, Thomas Roderick Massey, J.P., of Nicolet county, Quebec, where Mr. Williams received his earlier education, including the rudiments of French. In 1865, the family moved into the town of Nicolet, where, after attending a French grammar school for some time, he entered Nicolet college, where he took a commercial course for two years, succeeded by a classical one of the same period. Completing his collegiate studies, on the 8th of July, 1870, he was apprenticed with a druggist in Three Rivers. In August, 1875, he removed to Montreal, and matriculated at the Montreal College of Pharmacy, taking a season’s course, and receiving a certificate as “certified clerk,” carrying off honors as a medallist. Soon afterwards, Mr. Williams was engaged as assistant at the laboratory of Dr. J. Baker Edwards, D.C.L., F.C.S., etc., at the same time pursuing his second course at the Pharmaceutical college, acting as assistant to Dr. Edwards, who was professor of practical chemistry, toxicology, and microscopy, at Bishop’s College; professor of chemistry at the college of pharmacy, and professor of chemistry, physics, etc., at the McGill Normal School, besides being public analyst as well. During this period Mr. Williams made the most of his advantages, graduating as pharmaceutical chemist in the spring of 1877, being the medallist of his year. Mr. Williams commenced business in Three Rivers in April, 1878, where he has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. In early life Mr. Williams was confirmed in the Episcopal church, his step-father being a member of that communion, but later on he gave his adherence to the Presbyterian church in Canada, and is a member of St. Andrew’s church of Three Rivers. In 1880, he was elected a manager of St. Andrew’s, and for four years filled the office of Secretary-treasurer, and now occupies the position of chairman of the board. In politics, Mr. Williams has always occupied an independent position as between the two great political parties, but is an out-and-out Prohibitionist, and is quietly waiting the formation of a national party, having the prohibition of the liquor traffic as its main platform. Mr. Williams is a Mason of some prominence in his native province, he being chairman of the permanent committee of the G.C. of Quebec R.A.M.; is also P.Z. and P.G. Superintendent of the same body; also Grand Rep. of the G.C. of Dakota, near Quebec. Mr. Williams also holds the rank of P.M., and a P.D.D.G.M. of the Grand Lodge of Quebec A. F. and A. M. Our subject is also a prominent member of the Independent Order of Foresters. In 1871, Mr. Williams joined the Independent Order of Good Templars. In 1878, he took the G.L. degree of that order, and in 1881, he was elected Grand Treasurer of the G.L. of Quebec, which office he continuously held until 1886, when he was unanimously elected Grand Chief Templar of that province, again being unanimously re-elected to fill that high position in 1887. In 1886, he was one of the two representatives sent by Grand Lodge to the R.W.G.L. session, in Richmond, Va., and in 1887, to the session of that body held in Saratoga, N.Y., both years being drafted upon important committees. Mr. Williams is a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association, and also of the Board of Trade of his town. In 1886, he was elected one of the twelve councillors who compose the council of the Pharmaceutical Association of the province of Quebec, and the same year was appointed one of the six examiners in connection with this association. He still holds the position of examiner, being re-appointed in 1887. Mr. Williams has travelled somewhat extensively upon this continent, but has never, to the writer’s knowledge, crossed the Atlantic. Mr. Williams married, October 9th, 1879, Alice J., eldest daughter of John Thomas Lambly, son of the late John Robert Lambly, registrar of the county of Megantic, Quebec, and niece of Rev. O. R. Lambly and William H. Lambly, the present registrar, etc., of Megantic county. Mr. Williams has had two children, one son and one daughter. Personally, Mr. Williams is a genial, pleasant gentleman, and naturally has hosts of friends, but these traits of character are never allowed to interfere with the predominant idea of his life, viz., to do all that lies within his power to curtail, and, if possible prohibit, the liquor curse of his native country.

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=Duncan, John=, formerly of St. John, New Brunswick, was born in Old Meldrum, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in the year 1797, and landed in Miramichi, New Brunswick, in 1821. About the year 1832 he became connected with Mr. John Owens, of St. John, N.B., where, under the firm of Owens & Duncan, they conducted, with great success, a ship-building and ship-owning business, until the death of Mr. Owens, in 1867. The firm was widely known and respected for the management of their affairs under the strictest business morality. Mr. Duncan devoted much of his time as director and president of many private and corporate bodies. He died 31st January, 1869.

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=Girard, Abbé Pierre=, Priest, Master of Arts, and Superior of the Seminary of St. Charles-Borromée, Sherbrooke, Quebec, was born February 14th, 1849, at St. Marie de Monnoir, at the foot of the woody Mount Johnson. He was the son of Pierre Girard, husbandman, and of Marie Peletier. On his father’s side he belongs to a large and influential family, who have furnished many men of merit to the country, and exercised a great influence in the United States. From his mother he inherited many of the Peletier qualities, so well known for their enterprising spirit, firmness, and indomitable energy. His father passed the greatest part of youth at Detroit, where he owned a vessel and coasted between that town and Chicago, then a humble village. A prolonged storm which he endured on Lake Michigan, and the rigors to which he was subjected, determined him to abandon this perilous life and return to his native country, after an absence of seven years. The childhood of Mr. Girard was passed under the watchful eyes of a loving mother. Being the eldest of the family, and more separated from the society of other children, he was reserved, serious and more than ordinarily timid. He then developed his aptitude for industry, of which he made such great use later. His favorite amusement was application to mechanism. In this connection he bears a long scar on his left wrist, inflicted while experimenting with a miniature saw-mill. This accident terminated an enterprise which had been closely calculated. He studied the elements of science in the common school which he attended from the age of seven years, from which he was a mile distant. His progress was so rapid that after three years his parents sent him, in 1859, to the college of Monnoir, where he studied in classics and mechanics. Endowed with unusual talents and an extraordinary memory, he made these two courses in seven years. Besides Latin and Greek, Mr. Girard speaks French, English and Italian. Through his knowledge of literature, philosophy and mathematics, he was made a professor of these sciences. He is familiar and occupied with all scientific subjects. The seminary of St. Charles-Borromée is designated by the city of Sherbrooke as one of its principal edifices. Mr. Girard draughted the plans and directed the works of construction, which is an unexceptionable proof of his architectural competency, whilst the museum is extensive and rich in mineralogy, conchology, ornithology, zoology, etc., collected under his supervision, and placing him in the first rank as a naturalist. Scarcely seventeen years of age, repudiating all the allurements and seductions of the world, Mr. Girard enrolled himself in the ranks of the Roman Catholic clergy, and it is from this epoch that his career as an educator of youth dates. He was ordained priest the 23rd September, 1871, and continued to teach in the college of Monnoir until the 14th of February, 1874, when he went to Coaticook, where he filled the office of assistant, besides officiating extensively at Barford and the boundary line. In 1875, the first bishop of the new diocese of Sherbrooke, his lordship, Ant. Racine, wishing to establish a seminary at Sherbrooke, believed he could not do better than entrust this great enterprise to the erudition, experience, and practical knowledge of the Abbé Girard. He was not deceived in his estimate of this energetic man, as the seminary of St. Charles-Borromée to-day ranks as one of the most flourishing institutions in the province of Quebec, and is patronized by the sons of the best families in the Dominion; among the number being the two sons of his honor Lieutenant-Governor Angers. The number of pupils who each year present themselves for admittance is so great that the Abbé is forced to refuse them, notwithstanding the work of enlargement which is being vigorously pushed forward. The secret of this astonishing success lies in the fact of the practical teaching of the two languages. To accomplish this it requires eighteen competent professors of many years experience. With a man of the Abbé Girard’s acknowledged ability, profound talents, and sterling piety, at the head of such an establishment, nothing more can be desired to insure its permanent success. In 1884 and 1885 he made a long voyage across the sea, in company with His Lordship Gravel, bishop of Nicolet, and the Rev. J. C. Bernard. He visited London, Paris, Rome, and the Holy Land, and then with the latter all the countries of Europe, with the exception of Spain and Portugal, which had to be omitted, being devastated with that fatal epidemic, cholera. They both have related the most interesting reminiscences of their tour, which lasted a year. Since his return Mr. Girard has entered into his work with renewed ardor. Work seems to have no effect upon his strong constitution; he utilizes his spare moments in historical researches on the Eastern townships, which he published in his Annual Memoirs of the Seminary. He printed as well as composed, in his hours of recreation, this annual, which already forms two large vols. in 8vo. In spite of all this work, he still found means of shining in the pulpit, where he preached sermons deserving of publication. A few years ago he published a “Method of Plain-Chant,” which has been well appreciated by the public, as shown by the fact of its being in its fourth edition. Being professor at the little seminary of St. Mary, he founded, in 1872, a journal, having for its name “_Echo du College de Monnoir_.” This publication, which lasted more than two years, contained articles worthy of the aptitude of his directorship. It would still exist if Mr. Girard had not been called to exercise his activity in another sphere. Mr. Girard was already episcopal counsellor of Sherbrooke up to August 9th, 1885, when his lordship, Bishop Gravel, honored him by nominating him vicar-general of the diocese of Nicolet, the 1st of November of the same year.

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=Allnatt, Rev. Francis John Benwell=, D.D., Professor of Pastoral Theology in the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, Quebec, was born at Clapham, a suburb of London, England, on the 15th of January, 1841. He is a member of a family for many generations resident at Wallingford, Berkshire; and his father, the Rev. F. J. Allnatt, M.R.C.S., is at present the vicar of Grinsdale, Carlisle, England. The subject of this sketch was educated at St. Augustine’s College, Canterbury, and, coming out to Canada in 1864, was immediately on his arrival, ordained deacon by the Anglican bishop of Quebec, and appointed to the mission of Drummondville, on the St. Francis river. This he retained for twenty-one years, with the exception of a period of two years (1872-4), during which he volunteered for service as missionary on the coast of Labrador. He was ordained priest in 1865, and took the degree of Bachelor of Divinity in 1878, and that of Doctor in 1886, at Bishop’s College, Lennoxville. In 1879 he was appointed as colleague to share with Dr. Weir, of Morrin College, the inspection of academies and model schools for the province of Quebec, an office which he held, in addition to his parochial charge, until 1885, when he resigned both on being appointed rector of St. Matthew’s church, in the city of Quebec. Early in the present year (1887) it was definitely decided to establish at the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, a new chair, that of Pastoral Theology, with the object of inaugurating a more complete method of training and discipline for those graduates and other students who were engaged in immediate preparation for holy orders. The most important feature of this new departure was the residence of these students with the professor, for the purpose of closer intercourse with him and more frequent opportunities for devotion and instruction. Dr. Allnatt was appointed as the first occupant of the chair, and entered upon his new duties in September, 1887. He had previously, for some ten years, held the office of examiner in Divinity to the university. In 1874, Dr. Allnatt married the widow of Ignace Gill, M.P.P. This lady is a daughter of the late William Robin, a native of London, but of Swiss descent, and educated at Geneva. He entered the British service under the auspices of the Count de Meuron, and was a lieutenant in a regiment named after that nobleman, and when about eighteen years of age the regiment was sent to Canada, about 1812. It was disbanded a few years afterwards, and officers and men received grants of land in the neighborhood of Drummondville. Besides minor literary efforts, Dr. Allnatt has published a book entitled, “The Witness of St. Matthew,” an inquiry into the sequence of inspired thought pervading the First Gospel, and into its result of unity, symmetry and completeness, as a perfect portrait of the Perfect Man. This book, which is published by Kegan Paul, London, England, has met with much favorable notice at the hands of both the British and American press. The London _Guardian_, in the course of a very flattering review, designates it as “a careful, thorough and systematic analysis, with suitable remarks, of the contents of the first Gospel, with a view to elicit and illustrate the special features of St. Matthew’s presentment of Christ’s Person and work,—a task which the author has accomplished with much discernment and lucidity.”

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=Emmerson, Rev. Robert Henry=, New Brunswick.—The late Rev. Robert Henry Emmerson, a clergyman of the Baptist denomination in New Brunswick, had his birth in Northumberland county, N.B., October 11th, 1826. His father was John Emmerson, who at an early age came from England with his parents to Charlottetown, P.E.I., and his mother, Maria Tozer, of Miramichi, N.B. Both were members of the Baptist church in the latter place. In his boyhood Mr. Emmerson manifested a very marked taste for reading and study, with an acute perception and tenacious memory. The exercise of his mind on the subject of religion may be dated back to his earliest recollections. “From a child” he, like Timothy, “knew the Scriptures,” hence the readiness and fluency which always characterised him when quoting from the sacred volume. He first received the ordinary education obtainable at the common schools, thence attended the Baptist seminary—a high school or academy, in Fredericton, N.B.—after which he sought the greater facilities for education to be found at Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., in order to be the better qualified for the work to which he felt himself called, namely, that of the ministry. In 1848 the Baptist church at Maugerville, one of the oldest settlements in New Brunswick, invited Mr. Emmerson to preach to them. He continued there two years. When at college his natural abilities were observed, and while pursuing his studies he frequently preached at Windsor, N.S., and elsewhere, by request. During this period he wrote a number of articles for the press, which attracted public attention. On the 29th of July, 1852, he was regularly set apart to the work of the ministry, and accepted the pastoral charge of the church at Maugerville, Sunbury county, N.B. At this time he was nearly twenty-six years of age. On the 10th of August, 1852, he married Augusta A. Read, eldest daughter of Joseph Read, senior member of the firm of Joseph Read & Co., of Minudie, N.S., and Boston, Mass. From July, 1852, to August, 1856, he retained the pastoral charge of the church in Maugerville. The records of that church show how ably and prosperously he filled that important office. During this period he read much, circulated a large amount of religious and intellectual reading, wrote for the public press, travelled extensively in the United States, kept up private and professional studies, and performed the arduous duties of the pastor, enjoying frequent revivals which involved a great amount of labor. In the spring of 1855 Mr. Emmerson made an extensive tour in the United States. While there he attended the general meeting of the American Bible Union, held at Chicago in May of that year. His letters to the _Christian Visitor_ (the organ of the Baptists in New Brunswick), descriptive of the places he visited, gave evidence of great powers of observation, and an ability to take up the incidents and scenes of his travels and make them of interest to others. He vastly enjoyed his intercourse there with Dr. Cone, Dr. Wyckoff, and others then eminent in the Baptist denomination in the United States. Possessing a magnetism of manner, he made many warm friends there, and was strongly urged by them to make the United States his home. They believed that his remarkable ability as an extempore speaker rendered him peculiarly fitted for the pastorate of one of their city churches, where extempore preaching was then in demand. On his return home he received a call from a church in Cleveland, Ohio, but his strong attachment to home and the provinces prevented his acceptance. Subsequent overtures from churches in New York and Boston were refused for like reasons. In November of the same year Mr. Emmerson visited the Southern States. While there he was solicited to take charge of a church in Richmond, Va., but declined. In the columns of the _Christian Visitor_ of that day are to be found many contributions from his pen. On the failure of Mrs. Emmerson’s health, he was compelled to leave Maugerville; and having received a call from the First Baptist Church of Moncton, N.B., he accepted it, and removed there on the 1st of September, 1856. Here was the scene of his last and most prominent labors. Moncton had then suddenly arisen to a place of importance among New Brunswick towns, on account of the railway operations, which had then just commenced, and of the shipbuilding industry, which then flourished there. The result was a large influx of people, which gave a wider scope and greater prominence to Mr. Emmerson’s labors. The church soon rose under his ministry, and their house of worship was found to be altogether too small. A large and expensive building was accordingly commenced, and was finished after his death. He only lived about a year after moving to Moncton, during which time very many were added to the church. What promised to be a useful and brilliant career was too soon ended. He died on the 11th of September, 1857, at the early age of thirty years and eleven months. His death was sudden, being caused by typhoid fever. In the mysterious providence of God he was, in the prime of manhood, in the full vigor of his ministry, and in the midst of a wide field of usefulness, called to his eternal rest. Mr. Emmerson will long be remembered as an eloquent speaker, an original thinker, and an earnest and exemplary worker in the cause of his Master. It was much regretted by his friends that his sermons were not prepared for publication, which would have been done had he lived longer. Mr. Emmerson left a widow and three children—two sons and a daughter—all of whom are now living. The sons, H. R. Emmerson and F. W. Emmerson, are barristers of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick in active practice; and the daughter is Emma Emmerson Atkinson, wife of H. Atkinson, of Moncton, N.B., barrister-at-law. Mrs. Atkinson is a prominent member and worker of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union of New Brunswick.

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=Brown, Henry Braithwaite=, Q.C., LL.M., Sherbrooke, Que., was born on 7th October, 1845, at Chichester, county of Sussex, England. His parents were Rev. Thomas Brown, M.A., prebendary of Chichester Cathedral, who died in October, 1878, and Jane Lewis Brown, _née_ Goodyear. The subject of this sketch was educated at the prebendal school, and received an excellent classical education. In 1867 he left England and settled in Sherbrooke, his first position being that of principal of the Sherbrooke Academy. In 1886 he was elected _bâtonnier_ of the bar for St. Francis district, and is now a delegate to the general council of the bar. He is also president of the Stanstead and Sherbrooke Mutual Fire Insurance Co., city attorney of Sherbrooke, and one of the trustees of Compton Ladies’ College. In politics he is a consistent Conservative, and in religion a staunch adherent of the Church of England. In 1872 he was married, at Quebec, to Charlotte Mary Holwell Bligh, a daughter of the late John Bligh of the Ordnance department of the War office at Quebec. He was admitted to the bar in December, 1871, received the degree of LL.M. from the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, in 1883, and was appointed Q.C. in 1886.

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=Carbray, Felix=, Quebec, is the senior member of the well known firm of Carbray, Routh & Co., commission merchants, of Quebec and Montreal, and not only holds a good position in Quebec commercial society, which he has won by his business ability and energy, but fills a considerable space in the eyes of the Irish Catholic population of the ancient capital, whom he represented in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, from 1881 to 1886. As may be surmised, Mr. Carbray, though a native of Canada, is of Irish extraction. Both of his parents were from the county Tyrone, Ireland, and his father, the late Niall Carbray, who was a farmer, occupied for many years the historic Holland farm, near the city of Quebec, where the subject of this sketch was born on the 23rd December, 1835. His mother’s maiden name was Catherine Connolly. He was also educated at Quebec, where he has resided throughout his life, though he has travelled extensively in America and Europe, principally on business connected with the trade in lumber, in which his house is engaged. He was one of the pioneers of the lumber trade between the St. Lawrence and South America, and is still largely interested in it. In addition to his other duties, he fills the important position of consul of Portugal at the port of Quebec. A Roman Catholic in religion, Mr. Carbray has been honored by the St. Patrick’s congregation of Quebec with election and re-election as one of the trustees of their church, and is also a trustee of that noble Irish Catholic charity, the St. Bridget’s Asylum, of Quebec. He has taken an equally active and leading part in all the local national movements of his fellow-countrymen, and has been president of the St. Patrick’s Literary Institute, the Irish National Association, and other Irish bodies in Quebec. He is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and at the provincial general elections in 1881, yielding to the solicitations of his friends, he ran as the party candidate for the electoral division of Quebec West and, after a hard fight, was elected by a good majority to represent that constituency in the Legislative Assembly in the province. His parliamentary career was very creditable. Though he did not often address the House, he was always listened to with the utmost respect, being an equally good speaker and debater in both English and French, and never wasting his powder except on serious and interesting subjects with which he was most conversant, such especially as questions of finance and commerce. In fact, so marked a figure was he in this respect in the legislature from 1881 to 1886, that rumor frequently connected his name with a cabinet office, and there is little doubt that had he continued in public life and his party been re-elected to power at the general elections of 1886, he would have sooner or later, entered the provincial ministry. During the last session of his term, he was the mover in the Legislative Assembly of the resolutions adopted by that body in favor of granting Home Rule to Ireland, and expressing sympathy with Mr. Gladstone in his efforts to solve the Irish problem peacefully, without dismembering the Empire. At the general elections on the 14th October, he again ran as the Liberal-Conservative candidate for Quebec West, and, though political feeling in the province ran high at the time, owing to the Riel agitation, was only defeated by the slender majority of eight votes, owing largely to over confidence on the part of his friends. Since then, Mr. Carbray has devoted himself exclusively to the management of the large and growing business of his firm. In May, 1854, he married Margaret, daughter of William Carberry, who emigrated to Quebec from Carrick-on-Suir, Waterford, Ireland, in 1847.

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=Emmerson, Henry Robert=, LL.B., Dorchester, N.B., was born at Maugerville, in the county of Sunbury, province of New Brunswick, on the 25th day of September, 1853. He is a son of the Rev. Robert Henry Emmerson, Baptist clergyman, and Augusta Read Emmerson, his wife. His grandfather, John Emmerson, came from England, and engaged in the lumber business at Miramichi, N.B. At the time of the great fire there, in 1825, he lost much property, and came near losing his life. His grandfather, on the mother’s side, was Joseph Read, of Minudie, N.S., of the firm of Joseph Read & Co., of Minudie, N.S., and Boston, Mass. Mr. Read was one of the pioneers in the grindstone business between the provinces and the United States, and owned large and valuable quarries in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick at the time of his death. Our subject received a high school education at the following places:—St. Joseph’s College, Memramcook, N.B.; Amherst Academy, Amherst, N.S.; Mount Allison Academy, Sackville, N.B.; Boston English High School, Boston, Mass.; Horton Collegiate Academy, Wolfville, N.S., and attended lectures at Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., for two years, pursuing a partial course, devoting his time principally to English, Latin, French, mathematics, and the natural sciences. In the year 1871 he went to Boston and attended a commercial college, and obtained a position in the office of the firm founded by his grandfather, and afterwards was given the position of bookkeeper. He continued in this position until 1874;, when he came to Dorchester, N.B., to pursue the study of the law in his native province, in the office of the then Hon. Albert J. Smith (afterwards Sir Albert J. Smith). Mr. Smith having given up his professional practice on account of his public duties as minister of marine and fisheries, he entered, in Michaelmas term, 1874, as a student-at-law in the office of Albert J. Hickman, barrister, who had succeeded to Mr. Smith’s law practice. He read law with Mr. Hickman until 1876, when he attended the Boston University Law School, in Boston, Mass. He graduated in June, 1877, with the degree of LL.B., and in Michaelmas term, 1877, was admitted an attorney of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick. At the Law School he had the honor to carry off the prize from the members of the graduating class of that year for the best essay on “The Legal Condition of Married Women.” This prize, offered by the faculty of the Law School, was $50. In November, 1877, he entered into a legal copartnership with Mr. Hickman, in whose office he had studied. The firm of Hickman & Emmerson continued with success until the death of Mr. Hickman, in March, 1879, when Mr. Emmerson associated with Mr. Burton S. Read, under the firm name of Emmerson & Read. In 1882 Mr. Read retired from the practice of the law, and our subject continued alone until 1886, when the firm of Emmerson, Chandler & Chapman, consisting of William B. Chandler, LL.B., W. H. Chapman and himself, was formed. In 1883, on the death of Sir Albert J. Smith, K.C.M.G., Mr. Emmerson became the managing executor of his estate, under his will. He has been closely identified with the Westmoreland county Liberal Association for years, taking an active part in the affairs of the party in the county and province. Was one of the owners of the _Daily Transcript_, a Liberal newspaper, published at Moncton, N.B., until 1887, when it was purchased by Mr. Hawke. In the general election of 1887 he was selected by the Liberal party of Westmoreland to contest that county in the Liberal interest against Mr. Josiah Wood, the Conservative M.P. for that county, and who had defeated Sir Albert J. Smith in the contest of 1882. He was defeated by about the same majority that Mr. Wood had over the late Sir Albert Smith. The Liberal party in this contest pledged itself to run the election within the letter and spirit of the law relating to bribery and corruption, and the resolution was most rigidly observed. The Liberals claimed that their opponents did not observe any such rule. Mr. Emmerson has travelled over a portion of the eastern and middle States, and Canada. In religious belief Mr. Emmerson adheres to the faith of his father and mother, who were Baptists. In June, 1878, he married Emily C. Record, only daughter of C. B. Record, iron founder, of Moncton, N.B. Mr. Record was one of the first to establish an iron foundry in New Brunswick outside of St. John. Besides his practice as counsel in court, etc., our subject has a large practice in estate business. He is executor under the will of Thomas Keillor, late of Dorchester, whose estate is large. That, with Sir Albert Smith’s estate and other estates, demand much of his time. Notwithstanding his busy life, Mr. Emmerson has devoted considerable of his time to public affairs, having taken the field in every political contest since 1878. He is a speaker of marked ability, possessing a magnetism rarely found in the public speakers of the present day. He has also taken a deep interest in emigration matters, having instituted or inaugurated an emigration scheme from the kingdom of Denmark to the county of Westmoreland, N.B., the scheme being under the direct management of his firm. There is now being circulated in Denmark a pamphlet prepared by them, having for its object the encouragement of a good class of emigrants to occupy the new and unoccupied farms of that magnificent county. The expense attending upon this scheme is borne entirely by Mr. Emmerson and his firm. In his professional career Mr. Emmerson has been, during the past seven years, connected with almost every one of the important suits tried in Westmoreland and Albert counties. The case of _ex parte_ Rand, a case arising out of the Scott Act election of 1884, involving the question as to what “scrutiny of votes” meant, was one of the important cases in which he was engaged, having been employed by the Westmoreland Prohibitory Alliance to look after their interests therein. Upon the advice of himself and Attorney-General Blair, the case was appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, with success. In November, 1887, Mr. W. H. Chapman, one of his partners, having been appointed clerk of the county court of Westmoreland, retired from the firm, which is now Emmerson & Chandler, with offices at Dorchester and Moncton, in Westmoreland county. Mr. Emmerson’s talent as a public speaker has led him to be frequently called upon to lecture, which he occasionally does at places within the county. He is largely connected with the public enterprises of the county, and takes an active interest in the manufacturing, shipping, and other industrial institutions therein. With Mr. W. F. George, of Sackville, he has been at the back of the woollen manufacturing establishment at Port Elgin, N.B. Mr. Emmerson is solicitor for the Merchants’ Bank of Halifax, Dorchester and Moncton, and from 1882 until 1886, when he resigned, was agent of the Bank at Dorchester, not doing routine work, but having a supervision over and responsibility for the work. He is a director of the Maritime Baptist Publishing Company, the company managing and publishing _The Messenger and Visitor_, the organ of the Baptists in the maritime provinces. Our subject is a Liberal in English and Canadian politics, a great admirer of Gladstone and of Edward Blake. He is a strong advocate of free and unrestricted trade with the United States, and would break down all customs barriers. His commercial experience in Boston was to earn money to pursue his law studies, and also to give himself an insight into business affairs, as a help in his profession. Mr. Emmerson has three children, the eldest seven years of age.

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=Nolin, Charles=, Sheriff of St. John’s, Quebec, was born May 18th, 1819, in St. Athanase county, and district of Iberville. His father was Ambroise Nolin, Isle D’Orleans, Quebec, later of St. Luc, district of Iberville, a farmer by occupation, who married Margaret Morin, of St. Luc. Ambroise died at St. Athanase, in 1867, while his wife lived until 1882, in which year she succumbed at a ripe old age. Our subject received a good commercial education at the school of his native parish, commencing business on his own account as general merchant, at St. John’s, in 1846. This business he carried on successfully for fourteen years, and by strict business integrity, together with economical habits, was enabled to retire from active business pursuits. On the 16th of May, 1863, he was appointed high constable of St. John’s, which position he held until 1865, when he resigned to accept the office of deputy-sheriff, which was then tendered him; receiving his present appointment as high sheriff on the 17th of November, 1873. Sheriff Nolin married, in 1846, Clorinthe, daughter of J. Duquet, of Chateauguay, merchant, and whose son, Joseph, was one of the “patriots” of 1837, who were executed along with Cardinal, in Montreal, in 1838. Sheriff Nolin has had issue eleven children, seven of whom are now living, one of his sons being Professor Alphonse Nolin, who occupies the classical chair in the Ottawa College. C. A. G. Nolin, the eldest son, is now a merchant of some standing in Washington territory, U.S. Joseph, another son, is a dentist, practising at Ottawa. Of his daughters, Marie Louise married L. A. Trudeau, a dentist, of St. John’s; Marie Elmire Clorinthe married Joseph Hector La Rocque, druggist, of the same place, and Maria Eudolie married J. E. Z. Bouchard, advocate, St. John’s, and now holding the position as French translator to the government of Quebec; the youngest daughter, Rosalinda, not married, lives at home. In the troublous times of 1837-8, Mr. Nolin took part in the rebellion of that period, and was taken prisoner; he, however, being more fortunate than many of his comrades, was discharged. Sheriff Nolan is an adherent of the Roman Catholic faith, and an ardent supporter of the church and faith of his forefathers. Though now well advanced in years, he is yet full of vigor, and delights in recounting the more stirring events of his rather eventful life.

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=MacKinnon, Tristiam A.=, General Superintendent of the Ontario and Atlantic Division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, has his office in Montreal. Mr. Mackinnon belongs to that hardy, virtuous and thrifty stock of Scotch-Irish, who, to the best qualities of the race from which they sprang, have added something of the impetuosity, quick-wittedness and capacity for adapting themselves to new situations, which distinguish the Hibernian Celt. It is a stock that has been ably represented in North America. Both in the United States and Canada, a considerable proportion of the most prominent citizens in all walks of public and private life have been proud to belong to it: President Buchanan, Motley, the historian; the ill-fated Montgomery, the scene of whose death is one of the points of interest to the stranger visiting Quebec; the Workman family of Toronto and Montreal, the late Sir Francis Hincks, Bishop Charles Hamilton and his brother, the Hon. John Hamilton, and others that will, doubtless, at once occur to the reader, men as are by birth or descent, members of the same vigorous and progressive race. Mr. MacKinnon was born in Ireland, on the 7th of August, 1844. He did not enter the railway service at so early a stage in his career as some of his colleagues who have, like himself, risen to distinction. He had attained the years of mature manhood when, in December, 1868, he was offered and accepted the position of clerk and time-keeper in the Passumpsic Railroad shops at Lynderville, Vermont. His merit was quickly recognized. In 1871 he became superintendent’s clerk and acting superintendent on the same line, and remained in that twofold capacity in connection with the road until August, 1873, when he was made superintendent of the Brockville and Ottawa and Canada Central Railways. In October, 1880, he received the appointment of assistant general manager of the South Eastern Railway, in which position he acquitted himself with such satisfaction to the company and the public that it was deemed to the advantage of both to give him entire charge of the administration. Finally, on the transfer of the South Eastern Railway to the Canadian Pacific company, he was appointed (1st October, 1886), general superintendent of the Ontario and Atlantic division of that great line, and no person, directly or indirectly connected with the road, has had reason to regret his promotion.

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