Chapter M: C. Baillairgé, Quebec (56)

=LaRocque, Basile=, M.D., St. John’s, province Quebec, was born at Chambly, January 10th, 1813, of the marriage of Joseph Henry LaRocque, a respectable and intelligent farmer of that locality, having for wife a Miss Lafontaine, allied to the same family which has furnished to the country the Hon. Sir Louis H. Lafontaine, whose political _rôle_ belongs to history, and whose career at the bar was sufficiently brilliant to make him chief justice of the Queen’s Bench for the province of Quebec. Dr. LaRocque is the third son of a family of seven brothers, of whom the eldest became the distinguished bishop of the diocese of St. Hyacinthe, P.Q. The doctor completed his classical course at the College of St. Hyacinthe, in 1828. Among the number of his schoolfellows was Louis Antoine Dessaulles, a man of talent, a remarkable writer, author of several works, legislative councillor under the union, and afterwards registrar for the Crown for the district of Montreal at the end of his career in this country. His course terminated, the doctor began his medical studies under Dr. Vimbler at Chambly, and at Marieville under Dr. Davignon, who played a notable part in Canadian politics, but removed from there to the University of Vermont, at Woodstock, then in great repute owing to its scientific professors. He ultimately settled at Burlington, where he was prosperous and successful. On the 1st July, 1837, our subject successfully passed his examinations at Quebec, and was admitted to the practice of medicine. He commenced his medical career at St. John’s, but in a short time left there and settled at Acadie, where his brother was then curate and afterwards became bishop. Here he lived for thirty years, occupying at different periods many prominent positions of trust and confidence, such as justice of the peace, school trustee, judge of summary causes, etc., etc., and being offered on several occasions by the leading men of the parish and of the county of St. John’s, parliamentary candidature. The doctor preferred a calm, quiet life, practising his profession for the love of science and duty, and passing his leisure time in the contemplation of nature and its beauties. After the decease of one of his best friends, Dr. Wright, he was persuaded by many who fully appreciated his talents to settle at St. John’s in 1871, where, notwithstanding his advanced age, he continued the practice of his profession, alike attending poor and rich, through all the inclemency and rigor of a trying climate, and bringing hope and comfort to many weary sufferers by his kind, genial manners. Dr. LaRocque refused on several occasions the honor of being a professor of the School of Medicine at Montreal, his modest tastes leading him rather to charitable acts and the pursuit of an unostentatious, useful life. The doctor married at Acadie, on the 18th January, 1843, Melanie Quesnel, eldest daughter of Dr. Quesnel, brother of the celebrated lawyer, Hon. Auguste F. Quesnel, barrister, etc., and an old member of the Legislative Council under the union. Of this marriage there were sixteen children, of whom seven are living. One died in holy orders, and two daughters as nuns. The eldest surviving son is Dr. Henry LaRocque, practising at Plattsburg, where he holds an enviable position among his American _confrères_, enjoying a splendid professional reputation; Emile, a doctor at Malone; Alphonse, surgeon dentist at Worcester; and Joseph, a doctor at Biddeford; Marine Hector, apothecary at St. John’s, P.Q.; and William, manager and proprietor of a large commercial house in St. John’s. Dr. Basile LaRocque is one of those men whose capabilities and talents have shown themselves in spite of his humility of character and modest tastes. Those who bear his name have reason to be proud of it.

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=Black, Thomas R.=, Amherst, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Cumberland county, was born at Amherst, 16th October, 1832. His paternal grandfather was a native of England, having been born there in 1727, and emigrated to Nova Scotia in 1774, where he married the daughter of a U. E. loyalist. Mr. Black, the subject of our sketch, received his education in the Grammar School in Amherst, and after leaving school turned his attention to farming and other business pursuits. He first entered the Legislative Assembly in July, 1884, having been returned by acclamation to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of C. J. Townsend, who had been elected to represent Cumberland county, in the House of Commons at Ottawa. On the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly in May, 1886, Cumberland was one of the few constituencies in which the question of the repeal of the federal compact was not an essential element in the campaign; the contest was, therefore, run on personal grounds, and at the close of the poll the popularity of Mr. Black was evinced by the large number of votes that had been given him. The votes stood thus: T. R. Black, 2,083; R. L. Black, 2,064; G. W. Forrest, 1,939; C. J. McFarlane, 1,855; and G. B. Wilson, 341. Mr. Black is a justice of the peace. That he is public-spirited, we have only to point to the handsome block of buildings he has lately erected in his native town. The first stone building erected at Amherst was the passenger station of the Intercolonial Railway, built by the Dominion government in 1867; the second the Dominion building, containing the public offices, built by the government in 1886; but the first erected by private enterprise is that now under notice. It has a front of 100 ft., is 60 ft. deep, and has three stories above basement, including Mansard roof, the whole height being 50 ft. The material used throughout is dark red sandstone from the quarry of A. B. Black, two and three quarter miles distant. It is of a darker shade than that in the Dominion building, and from tests at Ottawa and Boston has been pronounced to have, in addition to its admirable appearance, all the requisites for a first-class building stone, as it is easily worked, durable, and fire-resisting. The whole work was done by day’s work under the immediate superintendence of the owner and of his son, William, the latter spending all his time at the building and the quarry; and the judicious manner in which he managed the erection of derricks, hoisting of stone, and general supervision being specially noteworthy in one so young. It is considered that if the work had been let in the ordinary way the building would have cost $30,000 or upwards, but Mr. Black, by taking two years to build it, was able with his resources to construct it for a considerably smaller sum. It is the good fortune of Amherst to have citizens like Mr. Black. The value of building property in town, purchased, built and improved by him within the last few years must be about $45,000. He too takes a deep interest in farming and stock-raising enterprises, and has imported a good number of valuable Hereford stock into his county, which has benefited the community greatly. Mr. Black is a staunch temperance man, and strong advocate of all movements that have for their object the elevation of his fellow men. In politics he is a Liberal, but not an avowed follower of any party. “Measures before Party” is his motto. He was married on the 20th March, 1860, to Eunice, daughter of the late W. W. Bent, who, during his lifetime, was a member of the Provincial parliament.

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=MacMahon, Hon. Hugh=, Toronto, Judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature for Ontario, Common Pleas Division, is of Irish descent, and was born in Guelph, Ont., the 6th March, 1836. The progenitors of the family were originally from Monaghan, in Ireland, and in the troublous times of the last of the reigning Stuarts, a number of MacMahons held important positions in their native country. Colonel Art Oge MacMahon, besides holding a military command, was King James II.’s lord-lieutenant for the county Monaghan; while Hugh MacMahon, great-granduncle of the subject of this present sketch, was lieutenant-colonel of Gordon O’Neil’s Charlemont regiment of foot. This crack corps, upon its reorganization, after the Treaty of Limerick (1691), took service in France with the famous “Irish Brigade.” Reverses of fortune having impoverished the family, Mr. MacMahon’s father came to Canada in 1819, from Cootehill, county Cavan, Ireland, and settled in the Niagara district. He brought with him an excellent library of classical and mathematical works; and, as he possessed high attainments as a classical scholar, he opened school at Grimsby, where many of the youth of the western section of Upper Canada were prepared for the professions. Mr. MacMahon, senior, was one of the earliest appointed provincial land surveyors, and made the preliminary surveys of many of the townships in the lately formed province. His wife, who still survives him, and is now in her 91st year, is Anne MacGovern, a relative of the late Bishop MacGovern, of the county of Cavan. In 1853, Hugh MacMahon, our present subject, then in his seventeenth year, entered the Board of Works department of Canada, of which the Hon. H. H. Killaly was at the time commissioner, and was placed on the staff of Colonel W. B. Gallaway, C.E., as second assistant engineer. In this capacity Mr. MacMahon took part in making surveys and in preparing estimates for the projected Ottawa Ship Canal between Ottawa and Aylmer. He was also engaged in the surveys and plans for the Chats Canal, and was one of the resident engineers during the time these works were under construction. In 1857, when the monetary crisis of that year compelled the government to relinquish the latter undertaking, and when civil engineering was much depressed by the stoppage of public works, Mr. MacMahon left the service of the department, though strongly urged to remain at Ottawa by the chief of the staff. The next year, having become a matriculant of the Law Society, we find him in the law office of Thomas Robertson, Q.C., then practising in Dundas. Pursuing the legal profession, he was called to the bar in 1864, when he entered into partnership with his brother, Thomas B. MacMahon, late judge of the county of Norfolk, then practising in Brantford. Five years afterwards, on the elevation of the late John Wilson to a judgeship of the Court of Queen’s Bench, Hugh MacMahon removed to London, Ontario, where, in a few years, he built up the largest and most lucrative legal business in the west. His universally acknowledged acquirements as a commercial lawyer, sound judgment, and scrupulous honor brought him the confidence of the mercantile community throughout the country, and he became the solicitor and trusted adviser of many large firms. In 1876 he was created Queen’s counsel by the Ontario government, and in 1885 the Dominion ministry paid him a like high honor. Mr. MacMahon’s talents as an advocate won for him a successful career at the bar, and he has been retained as counsel in some of the most important civil and criminal cases before the courts. In 1877 he was retained by the Dominion government as leading counsel in the arbitration between the Federal government and the province of Ontario, in the protracted dispute over the western and northern boundaries of the province; and in the following year he argued the case before Sir Edward Thornton, British minister at Washington, and the Hon. Sir Francis Hincks, arbitrators for the Dominion, and Chief Justice R. A. Harrison, who represented Ontario. Their award, as our readers are aware, settled the western boundary of the province. In 1884, Mr. MacMahon was associated with Christopher Robinson, Q.C., and went to England as one of the counsel for the Dominion, when the boundary question was submitted to the judicial committee of Her Majesty’s Privy Council. The decision of this body, it is a matter of history, virtually confirmed the award of the previous arbitrators. We now come to a notable incident in Mr. MacMahon’s professional career—his retention as counsel for the prisoners in the celebrated Biddulph tragedy case. This _cause célèbre_, it will be remembered, arose out of the revolting murder of five members of the Donnelly family, residing in the township of Biddulph, when no less than fifteen persons were arrested for alleged complicity in the affair, though but five of them were subsequently prosecuted. Mr. MacMahon was retained as counsel on behalf of the prisoners, who, in 1880, were indicted by the grand jury for murder. Subsequently the Crown, deeming the evidence against James Carroll stronger than against the other prisoners, he was first brought to trial. The first jury disagreeing on their verdict, application was made for a change of venue, owing to the intense excitement over the tragedy at London; but this was refused. Carroll was again placed on his trial before a special commission, composed of two judges, and the proceedings extended over a week. The excitement was still intense; the court-room was thronged daily by great crowds of people; while representatives of the leading journals came from the chief cities to report the proceedings. The chief incidents of the early days of the trial were the skilful cross-examination of the Crown witnesses by Mr. MacMahon, which resulted in breaking down much of the case against the prisoner. The interest culminated in Mr. MacMahon’s singularly able speech for the defence, which created intense excitement in the court-room, and was favorably commented on by the legal profession and the press of the country. The Toronto _Mail_ thus referred to the speech:—“Mr. MacMahon rose to address the jury at 1.40 p.m., and as he took his stand in front of the jury-box, the silence of death fell upon the immense concourse assembled in the court-room. The address, which lasted for over two hours, was a fine effort. It was not characterized by any remarkable flights of eloquence, nor did the learned counsel try to play upon the feelings of the jurors. It was, however, a clear, concise and able argument, which left a deep impression.” The _Globe_, portraying the scene in the court-house prior to the address of the counsel for the defence, said: “Long before the half-hour’s intermission had been brought to a close the corridors of the courthouse were packed with an excited throng, eagerly pressing forward to gain admission to the court-room, which was already so densely crowded that not another could be admitted. The scene inside the court-room was one long to be remembered. It was not the seats alone that were crowded. The steps leading to the bench, and every vacant chair within the bar was occupied, while more than half of the standing room in the aisles were occupied by ladies.” The same journal in the course of a lengthy report of the speech, observes: “When the judges took their places on the bench, after the adjournment, Mr. MacMahon rose to address the jury on behalf of the prisoners. The most absolute quiet reigned throughout the court-room, and after the learned counsel for the defence had uttered his first few sentences the crowded court-room was so hushed that one might almost have heard the fall of a pin. For two hours the learned and eloquent gentleman enchained not only the attention of their lordships and the jury, but the vast throng in the crowded court-room. The address was not what would be called a flowery one, but it was earnest, eloquent and exhaustive. Not a point that could be made to tell in favor of the prisoner was overlooked, while the most favorable and plausible construction was put upon those points that bore hardest against him. During a part of the address the prisoner sat up in the dock and listened attentively, while his sister seemed to devour every word that fell from the speaker’s lips. . . . The learned counsel for the defence closed his very able and eloquent address with a solemn and pathetic appeal to the jury on behalf of the prisoner. . . . The efforts of the defence had been a series of masterpieces, throughout the long trial; but it was felt that with the eloquent and exhaustive _résumé_ of the evidence by Mr. MacMahon, these efforts had come to a close, and that nothing remained as an offset to what the Crown had to present.” The prisoner was acquitted, and the scene in the court-room and in the vicinity of the court-house was indescribable. Speaking of the memorable trial, another Toronto journal subsequently remarked: that Mr. MacMahon’s address to the jury “is still remembered as one of the most brilliant efforts of oratory ever heard within the walls of London court-house.” While a resident of London, Mr. MacMahon was mainly instrumental, in connection with Colonel James Shanly, in founding the Irish Benevolent Society in that city, of which both gentlemen, at various times, were president. This successful national society has been conducted irrespective of creed, and has been of the greatest possible good, in allaying religious prejudices and in softening religious rancour among the Irish residents of the Forest City. At the general elections of 1872 Mr. MacMahon unsuccessfully contested the City of London, for a seat in the House of Commons, against the Hon. John Carling; and again in 1878 he was a candidate for the County of Kent, against Rufus Stephenson, the then sitting member, but was defeated. Mr. MacMahon removed to Toronto at the close of the year 1883, where he successfully practised his profession. His wide legal experience, forceful and pleasing manner in addressing juries, and great natural and acquired abilities, made him one of the leading _nisi prius_ lawyers on the western circuit. On the 30th November, 1887, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature for Ontario, Common Pleas Division. Outside of his profession, Judge MacMahon is a man of very considerable culture and much fondness for art, his judgment as a _connoisseur_ of paintings being frequently appealed to. His collection of paintings has been much admired, and indicates a highly educated taste. In 1864 Mr. MacMahon married Isabel Janet, eldest daughter of the late Simon Mackenzie, of Belleville, by whom he has two sons.

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=Ryan, Hon. Patrick George=, Caraquet, N.B., M.P.P. for Gloucester county, was born at Bathurst, N.B., 9th May, 1838. He is of Irish descent, his parents having come from the Emerald Isle many years ago. Hon. Mr. Ryan received his early education at the Grammar School in Bathurst. After finishing his studies he went into business as a manufacturer of leather, for the preparing and tanning of which Caraquet possesses exceptional facilities. The town is situated on an inlet of Baie des Chaleurs, forty-eight miles from Bathurst. It is one of the most important fishing stations in the Dominion. The lighthouse on Caraquet Island, at the entrance to the harbor, exhibits a fixed white light fifty-two feet above the level of the sea. Bathurst, Mr. Ryan’s native place, is the shire town of Gloucester county, and is situated on Bathurst Bay, a well-sheltered sheet of water, three and a half miles long and two miles wide, opening into Baie des Chaleurs. Here an extensive trade in the salmon fishery is carried on. The Intercolonial Railway runs near the town. Hon. Mr. Ryan has for many years been a leading man in his constituency, and is one of the county magistrates. He has also held the position of warden of the municipality of Gloucester, and has been chairman of the pilotage commission for the district of Caraquet. He began political life in February, 1876, when he was elected to the House of Assembly. Mr. Ryan exhibited in the house the same forcible business qualities which had caused him to be respected outside. At the general election of 1878 he was again nominated, and was a second time elected. At the general election, held 15th June, 1882, he contested his constituency for the third time with success. His great natural abilities, and his long experience as a parliamentarian, now entitled Mr. Ryan to a share of honors, and, on the 3rd of March, 1883, he was appointed a member of the Executive Council and chief commissioner of the board of works. He was considered to be so sure of his seat in the house that when he went to his constituency no opposition was offered to him, and he was re-elected by acclamation, 26th March, 1883. Hon. Mr. Ryan, as a departmental officer, amply fulfilled the expectations formed of him by the premier and attorney-general, Hon. A. G. Blair. The latest general election was held 26th April, 1886, and the government returned from the country unbroken. Messrs. Young and Ryan, the sitting members, were opposed by such strong candidates as T. J. McManus and T. Blanchard; but the former won easily, the vote standing—Young, 1,212; Hon. P. G. Ryan, 1,177; defeating McManus, 988; Blanchard, 835. Hon. Mr. Ryan is a staunch Liberal, and believes in progressive measures. He married, 26th January, 1862, Margaret, daughter of John Murphy. While yet in the prime of life, possessed of a good private business, and well to the fore in political position, he has probably still many years of usefulness ahead of him. The north shore of New Brunswick, with its extensive forests and fisheries, will come up as a manufacturing centre. Financial reverses have to some extent, during the last few years, hindered the prosperity of the country, but with the increase of railways and the consequent diversion of travel in this direction, will come a new era of commercial and industrial activity. Such men as Hon. P. G. Ryan are the backbone and life of the country.

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=Wainwright, William=, Assistant Manager Grand Trunk Railway, Montreal, like not a few of the prominent railway men of North America, is a native of England. He was born in a city which, from its situation and industrial and commercial importance, could not fail to be closely associated with whatever was most enterprising in the British railway movement of from forty to fifty years ago. It was not surprising that a young man of ability and ambition should be early attracted to a branch of business which had prizes for those who could win them. Mr. Wainwright, born on 30th of April, 1840, was not quite eighteen when he entered the service in January, 1858. He applied himself diligently to the tasks assigned him, and that he succeeded in mastering them in all their details was shown by the successive steps of promotion of which he was deemed worthy by his superiors. He began as junior clerk in the chief accountant’s office, but in due time rose to the positions of senior clerk, secretary to assistant-general manager, and general manager of the road with which he was connected. That line was the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, which traverses a most important portion of central England. In 1862, Mr. Wainwright came to Canada and obtained a position on the Grand Trunk. For a year, he served as senior clerk in the accountant’s office. Then he was appointed secretary to the managing director, and in that capacity he continued for three years. We next find him filling the office of senior clerk in the manager director’s department, and taking charge of the car mileage. Thus passed six years more, and then Mr. Wainwright became general passenger agent. As such he was widely known and gave general satisfaction as well to his colleagues and superiors as to the public that had dealings with him. He remained in that position for upwards of eight years, until in May, 1881, he received the appointment of assistant-manager, the duties of which he still so ably discharges. Mr. Wainwright was also general manager of the North Shore Railway, from April, 1883, until the transfer of that line to the Canadian Pacific Railway. Mr. Wainwright is highly esteemed in private life, being as agreeable in social intercourse as he is assiduous and conscientious in the discharge of his official duties.

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=Rose, Hon. Justice John E.=, LL.D., Toronto, one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, was born at Willowdale, county of York, on the 4th of October, 1844. His father, who came from the vicinity of Kingston, was born in 1806, and is at the present time the oldest Methodist minister in Canada, and was long and favorably known to the denomination as the manager for many years of the Methodist book concern in Toronto. His mother, who belongs to the Street family, was a native of the Niagara District. Judge Rose received his early education at the Dundas Grammar School, and after a successful academic course at Victoria College, Cobourg, graduated there in 1864. Making choice of law for his profession, he diligently pursued his studies in the offices of Ross, Bell & Holden, of Belleville, and of Patterson, Beaty, & Hamilton, of Toronto. In 1866 he took his degree in law, and in the following year was called to the bar of the province. He commenced the practice of his profession in Toronto, and was soon successful in building up a large and remunerative business, the firm ultimately including five partners and giving employment to about a score of clerks. In 1881 he obtained his silk gown as Queen’s counsel, and with this merited honor and the enhanced professional status, came increase of business and the continued confidence of a large and rapidly extending circle of clients. He was specially retained by Parkdale to procure from the railway committee of the Privy Council an order for the construction of the sub-way on Queen street, which was the first order of the kind made under the Act, and was obtained in spite of the opposition of four powerful railway companies. Mr. Rose was equally successful in conducting the well-known case of Moore v. the Mutual Insurance Company which eventually was decided in the plaintiff’s favor by the Imperial Privy Counsel; and in other important suits of a commercial character his professional abilities have won him deserved honors. From an early age he took a deep interest in the affairs of the Methodist church, and became an active and zealous worker in its ranks. He was at first connected with Elm street Church, Toronto, but on the erection of the Metropolitan Church he associated himself with those who were the founders of that edifice, and on Dr. Punshon’s departure for England he became an official member and trustee of the Metropolitan Church, and the recording secretary of the board. Mr. Rose is also a member of the Senate of Victoria University, in whose affairs he takes a warm interest, and in 1886 that university conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. In 1883 the Dominion government appointed him to a judgeship in the Common Pleas Division of the High Court of Justice for Ontario, rendered vacant by the elevation of Mr. Justice Osler to the Court of Appeal. The appointment gave universal satisfaction to the profession, by whom the learned judge is held in high esteem, for to this elevated and honorable position on the bench of his native province Mr. Rose brought eminent abilities, a well read, judicial mind, industrious and pains-taking habits, and a ready faculty of discerning the essential points of a case and of soundly determining the law. In not a few of his charges to juries he has shown himself a wholesome and stern moralist, and determined to exercise for good his high position on the bench. Judge Rose was a Liberal Conservative in politics. In 1868 he married Kate Macdonald, of Toronto, by whom he has three children.

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=Macallum, Archibald=, M.A., LL.B., Hamilton, Ontario, was born in the parish of Killmichell, Argyleshire, Scotland, on the first day of August, 1824. His parents were Donald and Mary Macalpine Macallum. He was the third son and the eighth child in a family of eleven. When he was about six years of age he came with the other members of the household to Canada, and after a short delay settled in East Hawkesbury, county of Prescott. He was, during the first fourteen years of his life, a healthy, active boy, full of life and spirits, and always cheerful and hopeful. But at the end of that period he had a severe attack of inflammation of the lungs, which, owing to the heroic treatment then in vogue, permanently weakened his constitution and probably laid the foundation of the disease that caused his early and lamented death. During Mr. Macallum’s boyhood he spent a number of years in attending school and working at intervals on the farm. The facilities for securing an education were, in those days, and in that locality, very limited. The schools in the country sections were of an inferior character, and books were difficult to obtain, but by availing himself of every opportunity of securing tuition, and perseverance in private study, he was enabled, at a comparatively early age, to fit himself, in some measure at least, for the profession of a teacher, and taught for a few years in his own vicinity with acceptance and success. Sometimes, in order to keep ahead of his more advanced pupils, he was compelled to study with great diligence in the intervals of school work, but he then formed the habit of constant progress in the search for knowledge which remained with him for life. He was always advancing in his attainments, and never satisfied with the progress he had made. Once only did he yield to the restlessness and love of change that characterize the average boy. He tried for one winter the life of a lumbering man, and went to Quebec on a raft during the following summer; but that life was not to his taste, and he returned to the work of teaching. When the Normal School at Toronto was about to be opened, the late Dr. Ryerson proposed that each county council should send one student, who, after taking the Normal course, at the expense of the council, should return and illustrate and apply, in a sort of model school, the principles he had learned in the provincial institution. In accordance with this suggestion, the council of the counties of Prescott and Russell arranged for an examination of candidates for this purpose to be held at L’Orignal. Mr. Macallum was advised to attend this examination. He succeeded in the competition, and was sent as the leading student of his county to Toronto. He was one of the earliest pupils of the Normal School, immediately took a high position, and obtained the first first-class certificate ever granted by the Educational department of Upper Canada. He was soon appointed to the position of principal of the Provincial Model School in connection with the institution in which he had received his training. Nothing could more fully show the high esteem in which he was held by the instructors of the school, and by Dr. Ryerson, who at that time took a direct personal interest in the welfare of the Normal and Model Schools. It is worthy of remark that Mr. Macallum’s high sense of honor would not allow him to accept the distinguished office offered him until he had received the full permission of the Prescott county council, and pledged himself to refund all advances made by them on his behalf. He entered upon his duties as principal with his usual energy, and from the first the Model School was a success. He secured the respect and affection of his pupils, and received many tokens of their esteem. He remained in Toronto until the year 1858, when he removed to Hamilton to take charge of the public schools in that city. He was principal of the Hamilton Central School until the passing of the Educational Act of 1874, when he became Public School Inspector. For twenty years he remained at the head of the school system of Hamilton, and the marked progress of the institutions under his care gave evidence of the ability and assiduity with which his important duties were prosecuted. He died in the midst of the people in whose service he had spent the richest and ripest years of his life. The flags flying at half-mast in every part of the city, the distinguished cortege that followed his remains to their last earthly resting-place, and the resolutions of sympathy sent to his widow from all the leading societies, told of the esteem in which he was held. Hamilton mourned for him as for an honored father. Mr. Macallum’s career as a student kept pace with his work as an educator. In 1864 he took the degree of B.A., in Toronto University; in 1866 he obtained his M.A., and in 1877 his LL.B. As an author, Mr. Macallum occupied no mean place. His publications were principally practical works on education. Several valuable charts, some historical, and one relating to the animal kingdom, were prepared by him. He was the author of a work on grammar, and another on history, and in 1878 he published an English Literature Primer, the merit of which was so universally recognized that in a single year it ran through five editions. As a lecturer he met with considerable success, choosing in almost every case scientific subjects. As a citizen and a man of business Mr. Macallum’s abilities were known and appreciated. He was a director of the Canada Fire and Marine Insurance Company, the Canada Loan and Banking Co., the Hamilton Street Railway Co., and The Hamilton Ladies’ College. In the several patriotic and fraternal societies which draw men nearer to each other, and foster brotherly feeling and national sentiment, Mr. Macallum found a worthy place. As a Scotchman he had that love for his native land that characterizes every good man and true. At the time of his death he was the honored president of the St. Andrew’s Society in Hamilton. He was an organizer, and chief, of the Caledonian Society. He was also a respected member of Barton lodge, A. F. & A. M. His charities in connection with these and other institutions were large, and so unostentatiously dispensed, that their full extent was not known until after his death. In politics Mr. Macallum was a Liberal. Though he held decided views on many of the public questions of the day, he was moderate in expressing them, and kind and considerate towards all who differed from him. He had deep convictions of the responsibilities and duties belonging to good citizenship, and he was never led by mere sentiment. He made up his mind carefully on these as well as on other subjects, and was not to be moved from his conclusions after having reached them. His piety was deep and fervent, but undemonstrative. He was not the man to parade his cherished emotions and experiences before a mixed multitude, yet with those of kindred spirit he delighted to hold Christian fellowship. His parents belonged to the Established Church of Scotland, in which communion they remained to the end of life. Their son found his way, while yet a youth, to a Wesleyan place of worship, and at the age of sixteen years, he remained after the public service to a class-meeting led by the Rev. Franklin Metcalf, and united with that church. To the day of his death he remained a Methodist, and during his residence in Hamilton he held the positions of class-leader, trustee, and steward, in the Centenary Church. He was a consistent, earnest, and thoughtful Christian, and kept himself unspotted from the world. His sympathies and efforts were not, however, confined to his own communion, for every evangelical community found in him a brother and co-worker. The esteem in which he was held by the Christian public appeared in the fact that he was chosen as the first Canadian delegate, with the Rev. Dr. Gibson (then of Montreal), to the International Sunday School Lesson Committee from 1872 to 1879, the year in which he died. His eminent literary abilities, his rich scholarship, and his profound acquaintance with the word of God, made him an exceedingly valuable workman in this important field. In connection with these duties he visited New York, Baltimore, Chicago, Indianapolis, Atlanta and New Haven. During the early part of Mr. Macallum’s residence in Toronto, he married Maria, daughter of the Rev. Ezra Adams. This union was a very happy one, though not of long duration. Her early and unexpected death was deeply felt by him. Some years after, in 1859, he married Mary Biggar, daughter of Herbert Biggar, of Mount Pleasant, in the county of Brant. Mr. Biggar is still living at the advanced age of more than eighty years. He was for some years a member of the old Canadian parliament, and served his friends nearer home for a length of time in the county council. Mr. Macallum’s second marriage was an exceedingly happy one. Their home was one of quiet comfort, made bright and beautiful by mutual kindness. All that a wise and thoughtful affection could do to aid him in health and soothe and comfort him during the lingering illness that took him away, was done. His wife and five children survive him. Though he died at the early age of fifty-five years, few names were so long and prominently before the public as an educator. For more than thirty years he occupied a position amongst the teachers of this province second to none. Largely self-educated and self-developed, he was a bright example of what may be done, with little or no aid from others. His life in the home, the school, the church, and among his fellow-citizens was one of quiet power. Few men did more for the educational interests of this country in his day than he did. But his intellectual attainments and accomplishments were rendered more influential by the unswerving integrity of his life and the moral beauty of his character.

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=Cooley, Rev. John W.=, Minister of Zion Tabernacle, Methodist Church, Hamilton, was born in Toronto township, county of Peel, Ontario, on the 7th November, 1852. His parents were Thomas and Ann Cooley. The former was born on one of the Channel islands, where his father, a British soldier, was stationed about the date of the battle of Waterloo. He was brought up near Belfast. His mother was a native of Fermanagh, Ireland, and the family emigrated to Canada early in life. Mr. Cooley, senior, was for many years a missionary agent of the American Tract Society among the sailors on the Welland Canal, and was one of the most active agents in securing the closing of the canal against Sunday traffic. Rev. Mr. Cooley, the subject of our sketch, received his education chiefly in the public and high schools in Thorold, under the Rev. John McNeely, M.A.; Brampton High School, under John Seath, B.A., now High School inspector; and in the Galt Collegiate Institute, under the principalship of the late William Tassie, LL.D. In 1869 he became a public school teacher in the Central School, Owen Sound. For five years he continued in the profession, in different places, meanwhile prosecuting his studies privately, and taking an examination for teacher’s certificate each year. In the year 1873 he was appointed teacher of the Senior Boys’ School, Guelph. During this year his religious conversion took place, and he became active in the work of the Methodist church and the Guelph Young Men’s Christian Association, of which he was secretary. At the beginning of the year 1874, at the request of the chairman of the district, coupled with his own convictions, he accepted an appointment as junior preacher on the Elora circuit of the Methodist church. His subsequent appointments were, 1874-75, Listowel; 1876, Hamilton, Hannah street Church; and in 1877, Stratford. In 1878 he was ordained and stationed at Elmira, county Waterloo. Toward the end of his three years’ term a throat affection compelled his temporary retirement from the work of the ministry. The greater part of the next two years (1881-82) was spent in newspaper work, as a member of the editorial staff of the Winnipeg _Free Press_. In October, 1882, on his complete restoration to health, he resumed his ministerial work, being appointed to Jerseyville circuit, near Brantford. Three years were spent thereon. In 1885 he was appointed to Dunnville, and in 1887 to the pastorate of Zion Tabernacle, Hamilton, where he now is. In August, 1878, he was married to Emily H. Keeling, of Guelph, daughter of the late George M. Keeling, the founder of the _Guelph Mercury_, who died in 1861. This lady was a highly gifted musician, organist for many years, and subsequently choir leader as well, of the Norfolk street Methodist Church, Guelph. She was a very popular vocalist and was widely esteemed for her amiability, good judgment and energy in social and church work. She died in April, 1885, leaving two children, one of whom alone is now living. Rev. Mr. Cooley is a very active and pronounced temperance advocate and prohibitionist, and takes a deep interest in all other social movements.

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=Young, Hon. James=, Galt, Ontario, is of Scotch descent, being the eldest son of the late John Young and Jeanie Bell, natives of Roxboroughshire, Scotland, who came to Canada, in 1834, and at first took up their residence in the village of Dundas in the then Gore District. Almost immediately afterwards the family were induced by the Hon. Wm. Dickson to remove to Galt, and here Mr. Young engaged in business and resided until his death in 1859. James Young, the subject of this sketch, was born in Galt, on the 24th of May, 1835, and has ever since resided there. He received his education in the public schools of his native place; and at an early age displayed great fondness for books, which he has kept up since. In his youth he had a predilection for the study of the law, but finding he could not carry out this idea, he chose printing as a profession, which he began to learn when he had reached his sixteenth year. When only eighteen years of age, he purchased the Dumfries _Reformer_, which he afterwards conducted for about ten years. Under his management this paper attained a great local influence, and in addition was the means of making Mr. Young well known beyond the narrow limits of Waterloo county. During the earlier part of the proprietorship, the political articles in the paper were written by one of his friends, he himself taking the general supervision and contributing the local news. Upon the completion of his twentieth year, he took the editorial control, which he retained until 1863, when finding his health not very robust, he sold out the _Reformer_, and retired from the press for a while. He afterwards went into the manufacturing business, and became the principal partner in the Victoria Steam Bending Works at Galt, which he carried on successfully for about five years. During his connection with the _Reformer_, Mr. Young had necessarily taken a conspicuous part in the discussion of political questions, and his paper was an important factor in determining the results of several local contests. He frequently took the platform on behalf of the Reform candidate, and was known throughout the county as a ready and graceful speaker. He took a conspicuous part in municipal affairs, and for six years sat in the town council; he was an active member of the school board, and devoted a good deal of his time to educational matters; and also took a special interest in commercial and trade questions, on which he came to be regarded as a high authority. In 1857, the Hamilton Mercantile Library Association, having offered a prize of fifty dollars for the best essay on the agricultural resources of the country, Mr. Young carried off the prize. This essay was shortly afterwards published, under the title of “The Agricultural Resources of Canada, and the inducements they offer to British laborers intending to emigrate to this continent,” and was most favorably received by the public, and highly praised by the press. Eight years later (in 1865), the proprietors of the Montreal _Trade Review_ offered two prizes for essays on the Reciprocity Treaty, which was then about to expire, and Mr. Young sent in a paper which carried off the second prize. His success on this occasion led to his receiving an invitation to attend the commercial convention held next year in Detroit, Michigan, and he had the satisfaction of hearing on that occasion the great speech on commerce delivered by the late Hon. Joseph Howe. He first entered parliament in 1867, when he was elected by the Reform party of South Waterloo, as their candidate for the House of Commons. This was the first election under Confederation, and he was opposed by James Cowan, a Reform Coalitionist, who was also a local candidate of great influence; and in addition to this Mr. Young had to encounter a fierce opposition, the late Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald, the Hon. William McDougall, and Sir William Howland taking the field on one occasion on behalf of Mr. Cowan. These formidable opponents were courageously encountered by him single-handed, or with such local assistance as could be procured, and he was returned by a majority of 366 votes. When parliament met in the following November, he made his maiden speech in the House on the Address. He also took a conspicuous part in the debates of the session, and materially strengthened his position among his constituents. He was twice re-elected by acclamation, first at the general election in 1872, and again in 1874. Of the Mackenzie government he was a loyal and earnest supporter throughout. He was chairman of the committee on public accounts for five consecutive sessions, and after the death of Mr. Scatcherd, became chairman of the house when in committee of supply. Among his principal speeches in parliament, were those on the Intercolonial Railway, the Ballot, the admission of British Columbia, with special reference to the construction of the Pacific Railway in ten years, the Treaty of Washington (which was unsparingly condemned), the Pacific Scandal, the Budget of 1874, the Naturalization of Germans and other aliens, and the Tariff question. Soon after entering parliament he proposed the abolition of the office of Queen’s printer, and the letting of the departmental printing by tender. This was ultimately carried, and effected a large saving in the annual expenditure. In 1871 he submitted a bill to confirm the naturalization of all aliens who had taken the oaths of allegiance and residence prior to Confederation, which became law. In 1873 he brought in a measure to provide for votes being taking by ballot, and the government subsequently took up the question and carried it. On two occasions the House of Commons unanimously concurred in addresses to Her Majesty, prepared by him, praying that the Imperial government would take steps to confer on Germans and other naturalized citizens the same rights as subjects of British birth enjoy in all parts of the world, the law then and still being that they have no claim on British protection whenever they pass beyond British territory. In 1874 he proposed a committee and report, which resulted in the publication of the debates of the House of Commons, contending that the people have as much right to know how their representatives speak in parliament as how they vote. At the election of 1878, chiefly through a cry for a German representative, he was for the first time defeated. In the following spring the general election for the Ontario legislature came on, and Mr. Young was requested by the Reformers of the North Riding of Brant to become their candidate in the local house. He at first declined, but on the nomination being proferred a second time, he accepted it, and was returned by a majority of 344. For many years Mr. Young’s services have been in request as a writer and public speaker. He contributed occasionally to the late “Canadian Monthly,” and has been a regular contributor for many years to some of our leading commercial journals, the articles being chiefly upon the trade and development of the country. He has also appeared upon the platform as a lecturer upon literary and scientific subjects. As a political speaker, he has been heard in many different parts of the province, throughout which he now enjoys a very wide circle of acquaintance. He has held and still holds many positions of honor and trust. He is a director of the Confederation Life Association; and of the Canada Landed Credit Company; has been president and is now vice-president of the Sabbath School Association of Canada; is president of the Gore District Mutual Fire Insurance Company; was for eleven years president of the Associated Mechanics’ Institutes of Ontario; and a member of the Council of the Agricultural and Arts Association. A few years ago Mr. Young wrote and published a little volume of 272 pages, entitled “Reminiscences of the Early History of Galt, and the Settlement of Dumfries.” Apart from the fact that works of this class deserve encouragement in Canada, Mr. Young’s book has special merits which are not always found in connection with Canadian local annals. It is written in a pleasant and interesting style, which makes it readable even to persons who know nothing of the district whereof it treats. On June 2nd, 1883, Mr. Young was appointed by the Mowat Government, and sworn in as treasurer of the province of Ontario, and on appealing to the electors of North Brant, his acceptance of office was approved by a majority of 551. On the 29th October of the same year he was compelled to resign his portfolio on account of his health, which, impaired by political and literary overwork, particularly during the preceding twelve months, was found unable for the time being to stand the close confinement of office work. At the next election for the Ontario Legislature in December, 1886, he wrote a letter, declining to accept renomination to the local house. We are glad to say Mr. Young’s health may now be said to be fully restored, evidence of which was furnished during 1887 by the publication of a pamphlet from his pen on the subject of the national future of Canada, and discussing the question of commercial union and imperial federation. This _brochure_ opposes both these schemes, and takes strong ground in favour of Canadian nationality, and has been widely read throughout the Dominion, having gone to a second edition. In religion Hon. Mr. Young is a Presbyterian, and in politics a Liberal. On the 11th February, 1858, he married Margaret, second daughter of John McNaught, of Brantford.

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