Chapter III: Introduction: Sidenote: ARRANGEMENT (2)

43. Another. Similar: with ornamental border and loop for
suspension. Silver. Size 1·9. Cast and chased.

44. Another. Similar: bust of King r., laureate, wearing
armour, &c. Legend varied. Silver. Size 1·5. Cast and chased.

45. Gunpowder Plot, 1650. _Obv._ Snake gliding amongst lilies
and roses. DETECTVS QVI LATVIT. S. C. _Rev._ Radiate name of
Jehovah within crown of thorns. NON DORMITASTI ANTISTES IACOBI;
_chronogrammatic_. Silver. Size 1·15. Struck. Dutch.

This medal was struck in Holland by order of the Senate to commemorate the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot.

46—47. Alliance of England, France and the United Provinces,
1609. _Obv._ Radiate name of Jehovah above three hearts united.
IVNCTA CORDA FIDELIVM. _Rev._ Rose of England, Lily of France,
both crowned, and Belgic Lion. CONTRA VIM TIRANNORVM. 1609.
Gold and silver. Size 2. Struck. Dutch.

Struck by order of the Government of the United Provinces upon the occasion of the alliance of the three powers after the delivery of the Provinces from the Spaniards.

48. Henry, Prince of Wales, 1612? _Obv._ Bust of Prince,
three-quarters l., in armour, &c. HENRICVS PRINCEPS. _Rev._
Royal shield with label in chief, crowned. FAX MENTIS HONESTÆ
GLORIA. Gold. Size 1·1. Struck.

Henry Prince of Wales died 6th Nov. 1612, when this medalet was probably struck.

49. Frederick, Count Palatine, King of Bohemia, &c., 1627.
_Obv._ Bust r., laureate, wearing deep collar, armour, &c.
FRIDERICVS D. G. REX BOHE. &c. S. D. R. F. 1627. _Rev._ Lion
sejant gardant crowned, holding sceptre and orb; above, five
hands from clouds supporting crown. Gold. Oval. Size 2·15. Cast
and chased; with ring for suspension. German work.

Frederick, Count Palatine, Elector, &c., married, 1613, Elizabeth, daughter of James I., elected King of Bohemia, 1619. The five hands which support the crown represent Bohemia and the four Protestant provinces, Moravia, Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, which favoured his election. The lion is the crest of the Counts Palatine.

50. Marriage of Frederick, Count Palatine, and Princess
Elizabeth, 1613. _Obv._ Bust of Frederick r., in armour, &c.,
FRIDERICVS D. G. COM. PAL. R. &c. _Rev._ Bust of Elizabeth,
three quarters l., wearing high ruff, embroidered gown,
&c. ELISABETHA D. G. COM. PAL. R. &c.; ornamental border.
Silver-gilt. Size 1·65. Cast.

The marriage of the Elector Frederick with the Princess Elizabeth took place 11th Feb. 1612—13.

51. Coronation of Frederick, King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth,
1619. _Obv._ Busts r., of King laureate, and in armour, &c.;
of Queen draped; above, VIVANT FLOREANT; below, C. PRIVIL.
S. R. M.; around, FRIDERICVS ET ELISABETHA D. G. CORON. R.
R. BOEMIAE. _Rev._ Within inscription of Garter, lion sejant
gardant, holding sword, before rose-tree bearing roses, and
orb, inscribed M. D. I. V. Æ.; in background, thorns; below,
serpent; above, VT ROSA INTER SPINAS. Silver. Oval. Size 2·05.
Cast and chased. German work.

Frederick was elected Knight of the Garter Feb. 1613.

52. Maurice, Prince of Orange, &c., 1613. _obv._ Bust,
three-quarters r., in armour, &c. MAVRITIVS AVR. PRINC. &c.,
1613. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Maurice with the Garter; above,
crown. Silver. Oval. Size 2·35. Cast; with ring for suspension.

Maurice, Prince of Orange, was elected Knight of the Garter, 4th February, 1613.

53. Another, 1624. _Obv._ Within border of shields of the
United Provinces, &c., bust, three quarters r., in armour.
MAVRITIVS D. G. PRINCEPS AVRIACÆ, &c., J. M. BYLAER _f. Rev._
Within laurel-wreath, crowned shield, arms of Maurice with
inscr. of Garter; beneath, le Maintiendray, and, 16 _cum
Privil._ 24. Silver. Size 2·6. Struck. Dutch, by J. M. Bylaer.

Vanloon (II. 55) thinks that this medal was struck in commemoration of the victories gained in 1624 by the Dutch fleet over that of Spain off Peru and Brazil.

54. Badge. _Obv._ Bust of King, three quarters r., wearing hat
with feather, &c. IACOBVS D. G. MAG. BRITA. &c. _Rev._ Ark in
sea; above, clouds raining. STET SALVVS IN VNDIS. Silver. Oval.
Size 1·9. Cast.

The ark probably symbolizes the Church, and is emblematic of England after the disturbances of the Reformation.

55. Nicholas and Dorothy Wadham, 1618? _Obv._ Bust of Nicholas
Wadham, three quarters r., wearing cloak, &c. WHEN CHRIST
WHO IS OUR LIFE SHAL APPEARE. _Rev._ Bust of Dorothy Wadham
three-quarters l., wearing hat, embroidered gown, &c. WE SHAL
APPEARE WITH HIM IN GLORY: on either side, border, floral
wreath united by skulls. Silver. Oval. Size 2·1. Cast and
chased.

Nicholas Wadham, founder of the college named after him at Oxford, died 1609. His wife died 1618. This medal is supposed to have been then struck.

56. Richard Harington, 1609. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing cloak and
armour. RIC. DE HARINGTŌ. _Rev._ Cupid with club and bow before
a tree from which fall leaves, which he has beaten down: the
tree is on a mound inscribed, 1609. AMOR NON FLORE SED FRVCTV.
Silver-gilt. Size 1·75. Cast and chased.

Unknown.

57. Sir Thomas Bodley, 1612. _Obv._ Bust r., in academical
dress TH. BODLY EQ. AVR. PVBL. BIBLIOTH. OXON. FVNDATOR.
WARIN. _Rev._ Aeternitas holding heads of Sun and Moon. R. P.
LITERARIAE AETERNITAS. Lead. Size 2. Struck.

Sir Thomas Bodley, the founder of the public library at Oxford, died in 1612. This medal, the work of Varin, was not executed till some years after his death.[5]

[5] Jean Warm or Varin, born at Liege 1604, studied at a very early age painting, especially portraiture, and the art of engraving, placing himself under the direction of the French medallist Dupré. His talents attracting the notice of Cardinal de Richelieu, he was appointed engraver to the royal mint at Paris. This appointment Varin held till his death, adding at a later period those of Superintendent-General of the Coinage, and Guardian of the Dies. Varin visited England and Sweden, receiving many commissions in both countries. In painting he has left little of note; but of medals some of the finest productions of the seventeenth century were executed by him. He died in 1672.

ENGRAVED PORTRAITS BY SIMON PASSE.[6]

[6] Simon Passe, the youngest son of Crispin Passe, the eminent artist of Utrecht, born circ. A.D. 1574, received his first instruction in the art of engraving from his father. About 1613 he came to England, where he resided for some 10 years, and engraved a large number of prints, portraits, &c. He was employed by Nicholas Hillard to engrave counters of the Royal Family of England. After quitting England, he entered the service of the King of Denmark, under whose protection he remained till his death circ. 1644.

58. Elizabeth. _Obv._ Bust of Queen, three quarters r.,
crowned, wearing high ruff, &c.; above, _Si. Passe_. _Rev._
Royal shield within Garter, crowned, supporters, lion and
griffin; above, DIEV ET MON DROIT; beneath, on tablet:

QVI LEO DE IVDA EST
ET FLOS DE IESSE LEONES
PROTEGAT ET FLORES
ELIZABETHA TVOS.

Silver. Oval. Size 2·4.

This plate was not engraved till some years after the death of Elizabeth. It is copied from a miniature by Isaac Oliver. The inscription is said to have been the extempore production of a Westminster scholar, Elizabeth herself having proposed her armorial bearing as the subject of an epigram.

59. James I., 1616. _Obv._ Bust of King, three quarters r.,
head bare, wearing ruff, collar of Garter, &c., above, crown
dividing I. R., at sides _SP fe. Jacobus D. G. Mag. Britt.
&c. Rev._ Royal shield within Garter, supporters, &c.; below,
motto, BEATI PACIFICI. IACOBUS DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ, &c.
Silver. Oval. Size 2·2.

60. Another. _Obv._ Varied; King wears hat; below, _Simon
Passæus sculp._: no legend. _Rev._ Similar. Silver. Oval. Size
2·2.

61. Queen Anne (of Denmark), 1616. _Obv._ Bust of Queen, three
quarters l., wearing high collar, &c.; above, crown dividing A.
R.; at sides _SP fe. Anna D. G. Mag. Britt._ &c. _Rev._ Danish
shield of Queen crowned, with supporters; below, her motto, _La
mia Grandezza dal Eccelso_. ANNA DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ,
&c. Silver. Oval. Size 2·2.

62. Charles, Prince of Wales, 1616. _Obv._ Bust of Prince,
three quarters r., head bare, wearing ruff, armour, &c.
_Carolus Princeps Walliæ_. _Rev._ Shield of Prince crowned
within Garter: below, _Anno D. 1616_. _Si. Pa. fec._
ILLUSTRISS. ET POTEN. PR. CAROLUS PRINCEPS WALLIÆ DUX CORN. YOR
ET ALB. ETC. Silver. Oval. Size 2·2.

63. Another, 1616. _Obv._ Bust of Prince, three quarters r.,
head bare, wearing ruff, doublet, &c. ILLUSTRISS. ET POTEN.
PRINC. CAROLUS, &c.: below, _Simon Passæus sculp_. _Rev._
Prince on horseback r.; in the distance, view of London: below,
Prince's plumes between CAROLUS PRINCEPS. _S. P. sc._ Silver.
Oval. Size 2·4.

64. James. I., Anne of Denmark, and Prince Charles, 1616.
_Obv._ Busts of King, Queen and Prince similar to those on
Nos. 60—62. _Rev._ Two shields, arms of King and Queen with
supporters, &c., below, Prince's plumes and mottoes of King and
Queen. POTENTISS. IACOBVS D. G. MAG. BRITT. &c. Silver. Oval.
Size 2·5.

65. Frederick, Count Palatine, Elizabeth, and Prince Frederick,
1616. _Obv._ Portraits, facing, of Frederick, Elizabeth his
wife, and their eldest son Prince Frederick. _Rev._ Two
shields, arms of Frederick and Elizabeth supported by two
lions: above, his helmet and crest; below, his motto, SVPERATA
TELLVS SYDERA _Donat._ EFFIG. ILLVST. PR. FREDERICI D. G. CO.
PAL. &c. Silver. Oval. Size 2·5.

The young prince here represented with his parents was Prince Frederick, who was drowned on a journey from Amsterdam to Utrecht 1626.

66. George Villiers, Marquis of Buckingham, 1618. _Obv._ Bust,
three quarters r., wearing ruff, embroidered doublet, &c.
NOBILISS. DN'. GEORGIUS VILL. MARCHIO BUCKINGHAMIÆ, &c. _Rev._
Shield, arms of the Marquis within Garter, supporters, helmet,
crest, and motto, _Fidei Coticula Crux_; behind, two anchors.
Silver. Oval. Size 2·4.

George Villiers was created Marquis of Buckingham in 1618, and Duke in 1623, so that this piece must have been executed between those dates. He was assassinated in 1628.

67. Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, Lord Buckhurst. _Obv._
Half-length figure, three quarters l., wearing high collar,
&c. _Rev._ Shield, arms of the Earl with supporters, &c., and
motto, TOVSIOVR LOYAL. CLARISSIMVS D'. RICHARD'. SACKVILE BARO
BVCKHVRSTIÆ COM^{ES} DORCESTRIÆ. Silver. Oval. Size 2·15.

Richard Sackville, third Earl of Dorset, born 1589, died 1624.

CHARLES I. 1625—1649.

68. Coronation, 1626. _Obv._ Bust of King r., crowned, &c.,
CAROLVS I. D. G. MAG. BRITAN. &c. N.B. _Rev._ Arm issuing from
cloud brandishing sword. DONEC PAX REDDITA TERRIS: in ex.,
CORON. 2. FEBRV. 1626. Gold. Size 1·2. Struck. By Nicholas
Briot.[7]

[7] Nicholas Briot, the chief engraver to the Paris mint during the reign of Louis XIII., was the inventor of the balance for striking coins. Before his invention all coins were struck by the hammer. Briot first submitted his new invention to the authorities at Paris in 1615; but it was not adopted till 1623, and then only temporarily, when he was placed at the head of the coinage in France for that year. The opposition experienced by Briot in his own country induced him to submit his invention to the authorities at the London Mint, where it was at once favourably received, and he was appointed chief engraver from 1628—1633, when he returned to France and again received employment at the Paris Mint. During his residence in England Briot executed a large number of dies for coins as well as dies and moulds for medals, all of which are gems of medallic work.

The reverse inscription refers to the determination of Charles to assist the United Provinces in establishing their independence, and to restore Frederick Count Palatine to the throne of Bohemia.

69. Dominion of the sea, 1630. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing
ruff, armour, &c. CAROLVS I. D. G. MAG. BRITAN̄IÆ, &c. N.
BRIOT. _Rev._ Man-of-war in full sail. NEC META MIHI QVÆ
TERMINVS ORBI. Gold. Size 2·4. Cast and chased. By Nicholas
Briot.

This medal was executed in assertion of the claims of England to the dominion of the sea.

70. Another. Similar. Silver. Size 2·2. Cast and chased.

71. Another. Similar: on obverse, portrait much varied, bust
with collar, &c.; legend and signature varied; on arm, 1639.
Silver. Size 2·35. Cast and chased.

This is a reproduction of the previous medal with an older portrait.

72. Birth of Prince Charles, 1630. _Obv._ Bust of King l.,
crowned &c. CAROLVS D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. _Rev._ Prince on couch
between Mercury and Mars, holding wreaths over his head. REDDAT
AVOS. MAII 29. 1630. Gold. Size 1·2. Struck. By Nicholas Briot.

73. Reverses of Frederick and Elizabeth of Bohemia, 1632.
_Obv._ Busts of Frederick and Elizabeth r.; King laur., &c.
FRID. ET ELIZ. D. G. RR. BOH. &c. _Rev._ Setting sun. SOL
OCCIDENS RENASCITVR. EC. I. 1632. Silver. Size 2·05. Cast and
chased.

The successes of Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, who was assisted by the English, revived for a short time the hopes of Frederick of regaining the throne of Bohemia, from which he had been driven by Ferdinand II., the Emperor, in 1620. This medal, which is of coarse work, was executed in Germany. The artist is unknown.

74. Scottish Coronation, 1633. _Obv._ Bust of King l., crowned,
&c. CAROLVS D. G. SCOTIÆ ANGLIÆ, &c. _Rev._ Thistle and
rose-tree combined. HINC NOSTRÆ CREVERE ROSÆ; in ex., CORON.
18. IVNII. 1633. B.; on edge, EX AVRO VT IN SCOTIA REPERITVR.
BRIOT FECIT EDINBVRGI 1633. Gold. Size 1·1. Struck. By Nicholas
Briot.

This medalet was struck upon the coronation of Charles at Edinburgh. The gold of which these medals were made was found in the mines situated in Niddesdale and Clydesdale. There are specimens in silver of this medal with the same inscription on the edge.

75. Another. Similar: varied and thin: no inscr. on edge. Gold.
Size 1·1. Struck.

76—77. Return from Scottish Coronation to London, 1633. _Obv._
King on horse prancing l., &c.; above, eye of Providence; on
the ground, plumed helmet, 1633, &c. CAROLVS AVGVSTISS. ET
INVICTISS. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. ET HIB. MONARCHA. _Rev._ View
of London; above, sun in clouds. SOL ORBEM REDIENS SIC REX
ILLVMINAT VRBEM. E. (Edinburgh). Gold and silver. Size 1·65.
Struck.

Issued upon the return of the King to London after his coronation at Edinburgh in 1633.

78. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing laced collar, &c.
CAR. D. G. MAG. BRITAN. &c. _Rev._ Same. Silver. Size 1·6. Cast
and chased.

79. Dutch Fishery, 1636. _Obv._ Busts of King towards r., and
Queen r., &c. CAR. ET MAR. D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c.; in field,
1636. _Rev._ Justice and Peace seated kissing each other,
scales and olive-branch held by genii on either side. IVSTITIA
ET PAX OSCVLATÆ SVNT. PSAL. 84. Silver. Size 3·05. Cast and
chased. By Heinrich Reitz.

By a treaty between England and Holland it was stipulated that the Dutch should pay £30,000 for the permission to fish in British waters. This medal was executed in Germany by Heinrich Reitz the younger, a medallist of some note, who flourished during the early part of the seventeenth century, and who worked principally for Christian I. of Saxony and the Princes of the Houses of Brandenburg and Brunswick.

80. Charles, Prince of Wales, 1638. _Obv._ Bust of King l.,
crowned, &c. CAROLVS I. D. G. ANGL. &c. B. _Rev._ Prince
Charles on horseback r., &c., behind, plumes with motto.
ILLVST. CAROLVS PRINCEPS WALLIÆ: in ex., two C's interlinked.
Silver. Size 1·25. Struck. By Nicholas Briot.

Charles was first styled Prince of Wales in 1638, at which time he also received the whole profits of the principality and earldom of Chester, and held his court apart from his father.

81. Betrothal of William, Prince of Orange, and Princess Mary,
1641. _Obv._ William and Mary, joining hands beneath rays
proceeding from dove; above each, cherub in clouds holding
wreath, distant view of palace: behind each, and in ex.,
inscriptions referring to their births and betrothal, with
_Anō_ 1641. _12 Mai_. _Rev._ William as Pallas trampling on
Bellona and receiving olive-branch from Mary in character of
Peace; around them, Victory, Plenty, and genius of Holland with
emblems; above, and in ex., inscriptions: below, _J. Blum.
Fe._ Silver. Size 2·85. Struck. By Johann Blum.

William, son of Henry, Prince of Orange, mar. in 1641, Mary, dau. of Charles I. They were the parents of William III., King of England. This medal is the work of Johann Blum, of Bremen, who also executed a large number of dies for Christian IV. and Frederick III. of Denmark.

82. Marriage of William, Prince of Orange and Princess Mary,
1641. _Obv._ Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, seated on
throne with sword in r. hand and band with seven shields of the
United Provinces in l., his feet on prostrate foes; distant
view of fortified city, with Prince at the head of his troops,
&c. LIBERTAS PATRIÆ, ME DEFENSORE, TRIVMPHAT, &c. _Rev._ Palace
garden within enclosure, at the entrance William receives
Mary; above them, Belgic Lion, and on either side, figures of
Fœcunditas and Mars: above, cherubs in clouds, and, in Hebrew,
Jehovah. QVO TE MARS ET AMOR VOCAT INTRA DIVA, &c. S. D.
Silver. Size 2·85. Struck. Dutch. By Sebastian Dadler.

This medal commemorates the arrival of William and Mary in Holland after their marriage. It was executed by Sebastian Dadler, a native of Strasburg and chief goldsmith at the Imperial Court. Dadler worked also for George William, Elector of Brandenburg, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and for the House of Orange. Died circ. 1654.

83. Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Knight of the Garter,
1626. _Obv._ Bust r., in armour, &c. FREDER. HENR. D.G.
PRINCEPS AVRIAC. COM. NASS: around, seven shields, arms of the
United Provinces, connected by bands held by two hands with
sheaf of arrows. _Rev._ Within Garter, crowned shield, arms of
Prince. Silver. Size 2·3. Struck. Dutch.

The Garter was conferred upon the Prince of Orange in 1626, the ceremony of investment taking place at the Hague.

84. Cecil, Lord Baltimore and his wife, 1632. _Obv._ Bust of
Lord Baltimore, three quarters r., in armour. DM̄S CÆCILIVS
BARO DE BALTEMORE ABSOLV. DM̄S TERRÆMARIÆ ET AVALONIÆ &c.
_Rev._ Bust of Lady Baltimore three quarters r. D̄N̄A ANNA
ARVNDELIA PVLCHERRIMA ET OPTIMA CONIVX CÆCILII PREDICTI.
Silver. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

Cecil, Lord Baltimore mar. Anne Arundel, dau. of the first Lord Wardour. In 1632 the king granted him the province of Maryland in America, which remained in the possession of his descendants till the establishment of the American Independence in 1783.

85. Richard Weston, Earl of Portland, 1633. Bust r., wearing
ruff, medal of George, &c. DO. RICH. WESTON CO. DE PORTLAND,
&c. VARIN. Lead. Size 3·55. Cast and chased. Plaque in high
relief by J. Varin.

Richard Weston, Earl of Portland, filled the offices of High Treasurer of England, Captain and Governor of the Isle of Wight, &c. Died in 1634.

86. Thomas Cary, 1633. Bust r., wearing deep collar, armour,
&c. THO. CARY R. CAROL. CVBICVLAR. ÆTATIS SVE 35. 1633. Copper.
Size 3·3. Cast and chased. Plaque in high relief.

Thomas Cary, son of Sir Robert Cary, warden of the Marches of the North, died in 1649. This plaque is not signed, but it is the work of Varin: some specimens bear the artist's signature.

87. Margaret Cary, 1633. Bust r., wearing low dress, &c.
MARGARITA VXOR THO. CARY ÆTATIS SVE 25. 1633. VARIN. Copper.
Size 3·3. Cast and chased. Plaque in high relief by J. Varin.

After the death of Cary, Margaret his widow mar. Sir Edward Herbert, Attorney-General to Charles I., and Lord Chief Justice to Charles II. during his exile.

88. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, 1641. Bust, three
quarters r., in armour. Gold. Size 1. Repoussé work and chased.
Plaque in high relief.

Thomas Wentworth, born 1593, was President of the North 1628, Lord Deputy of Ireland 1633, and created Earl of Strafford 1639. Beheaded 1641.

89. Declaration of Parliament, 1642. _Obv._ Bust of King r.,
crowned, wearing laced collar, order of George, &c. _Should
hear both houses of parliamant for true Religion and subiects
fredom stand_; engraved. _Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament
with the King and Speaker; the whole within wreath-border.
Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; with loop for
suspension. By T. Rawlins.[8]

[8] The date of Thomas Rawlins's first engagement at the Mint is uncertain. We find him, however, associated with Briot as engraver before 1642. Upon the breaking out of the Civil War, Rawlins attached himself to the person of the King, for whom he executed many of the dies used at the local mints. Amongst these the most remarkable is that of the Oxford crown. After the death of Charles, Rawlins executed several commemorative medals, which were distributed amongst those who were true to the royal cause. He was also employed by the corporations of certain provincial towns, of which were Oxford, Bristol, and Gloucester, in the manufacture of tokens. After the Restoration, Simon being removed from his post at the mint, and being appointed "one of His Majesty's Chief Engravers," &c., Rawlins was reinstated with the title of "Chief Engraver." This situation he filled till his death, which occurred in 1670, at which time he was engaged on new dies for a sovereign.

This medal was probably executed by order of the Parliament, the legend being in accordance with their declaration of 19th May, 1642.

90. Another. _Obv._ Ship in full sail l., with flags of
England. _Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament with the King
and Speaker. PRO RELIGIONE GREGE ET REGE: the whole within
wreath-border. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. Dutch.

This medal appears to have been struck upon a piece of cast metal and from copper dies, which are known to have existed and are considered to be the matrices of a seal.

91. Battle of Edgehill? 1642. _Obv._ Half-length figure of King
l., wearing robes of the order of the Garter, &c. CAR. D. G.
MAG. BRI. &c.; engraved. _Rev._ King on horseback r.; above,
genius with palm and wreath, &c.; blundered inscr. of Garter,
engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and chased; with loop
for suspension.

Probably executed by T. Rawlins after the battle of Edgehill, to which the palm and wreath allude.

92. Outbreak of Civil War and surrender of Bristol? 1643.
_Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS D.
G. ANG. &c. R. _Rev._ Sword and olive-branch crossed, between
C.R. crowned. IN VTRVMQVE PARATVS. 1643. Silver. Size 1·15.
Struck. By T. Rawlins.

This medalet may have been struck upon the surrender of Bristol to the forces of Prince Rupert in 1643.

93. Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, 1642. _Obv._ Half-length
figure towards l., in armour holding sword; above SX. Outer
legend. _Should hear both houses of parliamant for true
Religion and subiects fredom stand._ Inner legend. _Pro
Religione Lege Rege et Parliamento_: legends engraved.
_Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament with King and Speaker:
wreath-border. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·8. Cast and chased;
with loop for suspension. Military reward.

The reverse type may refer to the declaration of Essex, in which he promised to maintain the Protestant religion, the security of the King's person, and the first privileges of Parliament and the liberty and property of the subject. Essex, born in 1582, was appointed general of the parliamentary army upon the breaking out of the Civil War in 1642. He died in 1646.

94. Another. Battle of Edgehill? 1642. _Obv._ The Earl of Essex
on horse galloping r.; battle in the distance, &c. ROBERTVS
COMES ESSEX. _Rev._ Shield, coronet, arms of Essex; beneath,
motto, BASIS VIRTVTVM CONSTANTIA; wreath-border; legends
engraved. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; has had
ring for suspension.

The battle represented on the obverse may be that of Edgehill, when victory was claimed by both sides.

95. Another. Death of Essex, 1646. _Obv._ Bust, facing, in
armour, &c. ROBERTVS COMES ESSEXIÆ, &c. PRO REGE ET PARLIAMENTO
GENERALIS. _Rev._ Shield and coronet, arms of Essex; beneath,
skull and crossbones. OBIIT DECIMO QVARTO DIE SEPTEMBRIS ANNO
DIN (sic) 1646; legends engraved. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·65.
Cast and chased; with rings for suspension.

A memorial of the Earl of Essex upon his death.

96. Ferdinand, Lord Fairfax, 1643. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters
r., in armour. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Fairfax between palm and
laurel branches: wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·75. Cast
and chased; with ring for suspension. Military reward.

Ferdinand, Lord Fairfax, at the outbreak of the civil war, was appointed commander-in-chief of the parliamentary forces of the North. He gained the battle of Marston Moor in 1644. Died 1648.

97. Another, 1643. _Obv._ Bust, facing, wearing armour and
scarf. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Fairfax. Silver. Oval. Size 1·5.
Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. Military reward.

98. Lord Kimbolton, aft. Earl of Manchester, 1643. _Obv._
Half-length figure, three quarters l., in armour, _Pro
Religione Lege Rege et Parliamento_; engraved. _Rev._ The two
Houses of Parliament, with King and Speaker; wreath-border.
Silver. Oval. Size 1·7. Cast and chased; with ring for
suspension. Military reward.

Edward Montague, Lord Mandeville, was the eldest son of the first Earl of Manchester, and was raised to the peerage in the lifetime of his father under the title of Lord Kimbolton. He served in the parliamentary army, and held a command at Edgehill. In 1643 he received the command of the forces maintained by the seven associated counties of Essex, &c., and was present at the battle of Marston Moor. It was probably about that time that this medal was struck. He took a leading part in bringing about the Restoration, and was Lord Chamberlain to Charles II. Died in 1671.

99. John Hampden. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters r., wearing
armour. _Rev._ An axe. _Inimica Tyrannis._ Gold. Size .8. An
engraved plate of good work probably of the 18th century.

John Hampden, statesman and parliamentary leader, was killed at Chalgrove, 18th June, 1643.

100. Archbishop Laud, 1645. _Obv._ Bust r., wearing academical
robes, biretta, &c. Reverse plain. Silver. Size 1·45. Cast and
chased.

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, born in 1573, obtained in 1621 the see of St. David's, in 1625 was translated to Bath and Wells, in 1628 to London, and in 1633 to the see of Canterbury. Beheaded 10th Jan. 1645.

101—102. Another. _Obv._ Bust r., similar to previous medal.
GVIL. LAVD ARCHIEPISC. CANTVAR. X. IAN. 1644. _Rotier f. Rev._
Infant angel carrying mitre and crozier of Laud towards the
skies, followed by two others bearing the crown, sceptre, and
orb of Charles; below, view of London. SANCTI CAROLI PRÆCVRSOR.
Gold and silver. 2·25. Struck.

This medal was executed by John Roettier soon after the Restoration, circ. 1600.

103. Sir William Parkhurst, 1644. Within ornamented oval frame,
half-length figure, facing, wearing cloak, &c., and holding
medal of Charles I. GVILIEL. PARKHVRST EQV. AVRA. CVSTOS CAMB.
ET MONET. TOT. ANGL. 1623; beneath, _T. Rawlins Sculps._ OXON.
1644. Silver. Size 3. Cast; a thin plate. By T. Rawlins.

Sir William Parkhurst, Warden of the Mint under James I. and Charles I., whom he accompanied to Oxford at the outbreak of the Civil War. He was reinstated in his office by Charles II., and died about 1671.

104. Sir William Waller, 1643. _Obv._ Bust three quarters
r., wearing armour, &c. Inner legend. _The valiant commander
Sir William Waller._ Outer legend. _Should hear both houses
of parliamant for true Religion and subiects fredom stand_:
legends engraved. _Rev._ The two Houses of Parliament with
King and Speaker. Silver. Oval. Size 1·35. Cast and chased.
Military reward.

Sir William Waller, parliamentary general, born in 1597, knighted in 1622, was second in command under the Earl of Essex; but was removed by the Self-denying Ordinance, and becoming an object of suspicion, he was twice imprisoned. He afterwards assisted at the Restoration, and died in 1668.

105. Sir Richard Brown, 1644. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters l.,
in armour, &c. NON VIR SED VIRTVS. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Sir
R. Brown. FOR KING AND PARLIAMENT. 1644; wreath-border. Silver.
Oval. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. Military reward.

Sir Richard Brown, parliamentary general, afterwards attached himself to the royal cause and at the Restoration was created a baronet and elected Lord Mayor of London.

106—107. Sir Thomas Fairfax, 1645. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing
armour, &c. THO. FAIRFAX MILES MILIT. PARL. DVX GEN. _Rev._
MERVISTI. POST HAC MELIORA. 1645. Silver-gilt and silver. Oval.
Size 1·3. Cast and chased. Military reward. By T. Simon.[9]

[9] Thomas Simon, the artist, whose birthplace and date of birth are uncertain, was first noticed by Nicholas Briot about 1633, and through him was engaged at the Royal Mint in 1636, to engrave the great seal of the Admiralty. In 1645 Simon received his first appointment under Parliament as "Joint Chief Engraver" with Edward Wade, and producing several seals of State remarkable for their artistic skill, he was rewarded by promotion to the post of "Chief Engraver to the Mint and Seals." From this time till the Restoration, Simon produced a large number of medals, many of which are of great beauty both in design and execution, and also the coins with the effigy of the Protector, by whom he was appointed "Sole Chief Engraver and Medal-maker." At the Restoration a fresh patent having been granted to Simon as one of His Majesty's Chief Engravers, he was ordered to prepare the necessary Great Seals, those of the Protector having been broken up. The appointment of John Roettier as one of the Engravers to the Mint led to a quarrel between him and Simon, which resulted in the resignation of the latter. Simon died in 1665 of the plague. Some little time before his death, he produced his masterpiece "The Petition Crown."

Sir Thomas (Lord) Fairfax, parliamentary general, commanded at Marston Moor, was appointed general in chief of the parliamentary army to succeed Essex, 1645, and was victorious at Naseby, Colchester, &c. He resigned his post in 1650, and after assisting in bringing about the Restoration, died in 1671.

108. Prince Rupert, 1645. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters l.,
wearing armour, &c., and holding Marshal's baton. _Rev._
Armorial bearings of the Prince on three shields, with
supporters, crest, &c.: above, R. P. Silver. Oval. Size 1·45.
Cast and chased. Military reward.

Prince Rupert, son of Frederick, Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth, dau. of James I., born 1619, commanded the cavalry of Charles I. during the Civil War till the surrender of Bristol in 1645. After the Restoration he commanded in the English fleet in the war against the Dutch. Died in 1682.

109. Sir Robert Heath, 1645. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing cap,
robes of office, &c. EFFIG. R. HEATH. &c. ÆTAT. SVÆ 71. 1645.
R. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Heath, between two laurel-branches;
engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 1·5. Cast and chased. By T.
Rawlins.

Sir Robert Heath, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, dismissed by the Parliament in 1645, died in 1649.

110. Baron de Reede, 1645. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing cap,
doublet, &c. _Rev._ 1645. IO. DE REEDE D. DE RENSWOVDE, &c.
ÆTAT 52. Silver. Oval. Size 1·35. Cast and chased. By T. Simon.

John de Reede, Lord of Renswode, Ambassador Extraordinary of the United Provinces to the Court of Charles I., by whom he was created Baron de Reede.

111. Sir John Hotham, 1645. _Obv._ Bust r., in armour; behind,
skull, crowned. MORS MIHI VITA. _Rev._ Shield, arms of Hotham
impaling Anlaby. Silver. Size 1·25. Cast and chased.

Sir John Hotham, Parliamentary-general, was the Governor of Hull, who closed the gates of that city against Charles I. Being suspected of treason, he was executed together with his son on Tower Hill, 2nd June, 1645.

112. Simon Beal, 1645. Half-length figure, three quarters r.,
in doublet and scarf, with trumpet in r. hand, &c. SIMON BEAL
ÆT. SVE 28. A. 1645; wreath-border. Silver. Size 2·4. Embossed
plate in high relief, chased.

Simon Beal is said to have been Sergeant-Trumpeter to the King. This medal has been attributed to T. Rawlins.

113. Earl of Loudon, 1645. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing cap,
doublet, &c.; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ IOHAN. COM. LOVDOVN SVMMVS
SCOTIÆ CANCELLARIVS. 1645. Silver. Size 1·45. Cast and chased.
By A. Simon.[10]

[10] Of Abraham Simon, the brother of Thomas Simon, our information is very limited. At an early age he studied theology, but with tastes similar to those of his brother, he soon left these studies and went to Sweden, where his reputation as a modeller in wax speedily raised him to public notice. He entered the service of Queen Christina, and became one of her suite in her travels. Before the outbreak of the Civil War he returned to England, where his portraits became famous. That he left England during the Commonwealth, as stated by some, is very doubtful, as there are many medals executed by him during that period, and chiefly of leading parliamentarians. It is certain, that at the Restoration he stood high in favour with the King, and received 100 guineas for a portrait of him in wax. In disgust at the treatment he received from the Duke of York, he ceased to work altogether, and died shortly afterwards in great poverty.

Sir John Campbell, born 1598, elected Earl of Loudon 1633, was appointed High Chancellor of Scotland in 1641, and in 1649 President of the Session which ordered the proclamation of Charles II. Being deprived of his office he was specially exempted from the indemnity granted by Cromwell to the people of Scotland. Died 1663.

114. William Pope, 1645. _Obv._ Bust r., wearing armour and
scarf; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ 1645. GVLIELMVS POPE ARMIG. ÆTATIS
21. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

William Pope, a royalist and grandson of Sir William Pope, first Baron of Belturbet and Earl of Downe, died before 1660 without issue.

115. Lord Inchiquin, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour and
scarf; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ 1646. HON. D. MOR. BAR. D'INCHIQVIN
D. PRÆSES PROV. MOMONIÆ ÆT. 30. Silver-gilt. Size 1·4. Cast and
chased. By A. Simon.

Lord Murrough, Baron Inchiquin, created Earl of Inchiquin 1654, commanded in Munster, of which province he was appointed Lord President. He was at first a parliamentarian, but afterwards joined the royalist party. Died 1674.

116. Albert Joachim, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing official
robes, &c.; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ 1646. ALB. IOACHIMI EQ.
FÆDERAT. BELG. &c. ÆT. 86. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased.
By A. Simon.

Albert Joachim was Ambassador Extraordinary of the United Provinces to congratulate Charles I. upon his marriage. He remained in England as Ambassador in ordinary.

117. Sidney Poyntz, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour and
scarf; on arm, A. S. _Rev._ 1646. SIDEN. POINTZ 10000 EQVIT. ET
PED. ASSOCIAT. SEPTENT. DVX SVM. EBOR. GVBER. Silver. Size 1·4.
Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Sidney Poyntz, parliamentary general, defeated the King's forces at Rowton Heath near Chester, commanded with Rossiter in the North, and was Governor of York.

118. Earl of Dunfermline, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour
and scarf; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ CAR. SETONIVS FERMELINODVNI COM.
1646. Lead. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Charles Seton, second Earl of Dunfermline, was frequently employed in negotiations between the King and the Parliament of Scotland. After the Restoration he was appointed extraordinary Lord of the Session and Keeper of the Privy Seal. Died in 1673.

119. Earl of Lauderdale, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour,
&c. IO. METALLANVS LAVDERIÆ CO.; on arm, A.S. _Rev._ Crest
and motto of Lauderdale, lion sejant, holding sword and lis.
CONSILIO ET ANIMIS. 1646. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By
A. Simon.

John Maitland, second Earl of Lauderdale, born 1616, created Duke 1672, was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester: appointed in 1661 Sec. of State and High Commissioner of Scotland: aft. one of the famous Cabal Ministry. Died 1682.

120. General Rossiter, 1646. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour.
Reverse plain. Gold. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast and chased. By A. ?
Simon.

Edward Rossiter, parliamentary general, commanded in the North with Sidney Poyntz: concurred with Monk and Fairfax in the Restoration, and was knighted.

121. Robert Kyrle, 1646. _Obv._ Bust r., in armour, &c. _Rev._
Shield, arms of Kyrle and Money, and crest of Kyrle, hedgehog.
Silver. Oval. Size 1·25. Cast and chased. By A. Simon?

Robert Kyrle of Walford Court, nephew of John Hampden was a distinguished officer under Cromwell and Captain of the Troopers, who plundered Master Swift's house at Goodrich. Died 1669.

122. Martinay, 1647. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour: on arm,
A.S. _Rev._ IE NE VIS QV'A REGRET. 1647. Lead. Size 1·5. Cast
and chased. By A. Simon.

In the Med. Hist., p. 74, we find that Martinay was a French gentleman, who had taken refuge in England.

123. Uncertain Portrait. Bust r., wearing doublet. No reverse.
Size 1·45. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Perhaps a portrait of Algernon Sidney.

124. Thomas Harper, 1647. Bust l., wearing cloak, &c. VERA EFF.
T. HARPER D. ALVETON LODGE IN C. STAF. 1647; on arm, T.R. Gold.
Oval. Size 1·4. Struck on a thin gold plate. By T. Rawlins.

During the civil war a parliamentary garrison was stationed at Alveton, perhaps in Harper's own house, who appears to have been a royalist, as this medal is by the royalist artist, Rawlins.

125. Memorial badge of Charles I., 1649. _Obv._ Bust of King
r., wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c.; engraved.
_Rev._ Shield, royal arms within Garter, crowned; engraved.
Silver. Oval. Size 2·3. Cast and chased; with ring for
suspension.

This and the following medals (Nos. 126—134) are badges evidently worn by the friends and partisans of Charles I., openly, or in secret.

126. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., wearing decorated armour,
&c. CAROLVS D.G. MAG. BR. &c. Reverse plain. Silver. Oval. Size
1·5. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension.

This medal is probably by T. Rawlins.

127. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., wearing robes and
star of the Garter, &c.; in his hand, crown of thorns and
scroll inscribed, CHRISTI TRACTO IANII. 30. 1648. CAROLVS
PRIMVS MORITVR ET VIVIT. EST NOBILE VICENDI GENVS PATIENTIA;
wreath-border. _Rev._ Rock, buffeted by winds and waves; on
scroll, IMMOTA TRIUMPHANS. Silver. Size 1·1. Cast and chased;
with ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

The reverse is an imitation of engraving: some specimens are plain. There is a great variety of these badges.

128—129. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing deep lace
collar, doublet, &c. CAROLVS D.G. MAG. BRI. FR. ET HIB. RX;
engraved. _Rev._ Bust of Queen l., wearing coronet, low bodice,
&c. HENRETTA MARIA D.G. MAG. BRITAN. &c. T. RAWLINS. F. Gold
and silver. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and chased; with rings for
suspension. By T. Rawlins.

130. Another. Similar: bust of King crowned, wearing robes,
collar of the Garter, &c., legend in relief and varied.
Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and chased; with rings for
suspension. By T. Rawlins.

131. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing deep lace collar,
&c. CAROLVS D.G. MAG. BRI. FRA. ET HI. REX, engraved. _Rev._
ORTV MAGNVS CONIVGIO ET PROLE MAIOR VIRTVTE MAXIMVS; engraved;
wreath border. Copper-gilt. Oval. Size 2. Cast and chased; with
ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

132. Another. Bust of King r., as on preceding: within
wreath-border; crown above. Silver. Oval. Size 2. Cast and
chased. By T. Rawlins.

On this badge all the plain ground has been removed leaving only the portrait, border, and crown. It was probably an ornament for a book-cover.

133. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., wearing doublet, &c.
_Rev._ Shield, royal arms within the Garter, crowned: engraved.
Gold. Oval. Size 1·1. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

134. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King, three quarters l., crowned,
wearing robes and collar of the Garter, &c. _Carolus Rex._
Reverse plain. Silver. Oval. Size 2·35. An engraved plate
similar to those executed by Simon Passe: but not by that
artist, and of later date.

135. Death of Charles I., 1649. _Obv._ Bust of King l., wearing
decorated armour, &c. DIVVS CAROLVS BRT. PIVS; two roses; in
field, C. R., beneath which, H. M. engraved (later). _Rev._
Hammer striking diamond on anvil. INEXPVGNABILIS.

R N
1648: in field, engraved (later) W R Silver. Size 1·65. Cast
I K

and burnished. By T. Rawlins.

This medal is emblematic of the king's fortitude.

136. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King as on preceding. SVCCESSOR
VERVS VTRIVSQVE: two roses. _Rev._ Salamander amid flames.
CONSTANTIA CÆSARIS. IAN. 30. 1648. Silver. Size 1·65. Cast and
chased; with ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

The Salamander was frequently adopted as an emblem of fortitude and patience under sufferings.

137. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing armour, &c.
_Inner legend._ CAROLVS REX. _Outer legend._ POPVLE MEVS QVID
FECI TIBI. 1649. (_Micah_ vi. 3.) _Rev._ Head of Medusa,
surrounded by legend in three circles, the two outer divided
by flaming sword, arms, and thunderbolt. CONCILIABVLVM ANGLIÆ.
BLASFEMANT DEVM. NECANT REGEM. SPERNVNT LEGEM. Silver. Size
2·25. Cast and chased. Dutch.

The head of Medusa is emblematic of rebellion, sedition and anarchy.

138. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing armour. CAROL. I.
D. G. M. B. &c. N. R. F. _Rev._ REX PACIFICVS VICTVS VINCEBAT
HOSTES VICTOR TRIVMPHAT IN CŒLIS. Silver. Size 2·3. Struck.

This medal was executed some time after the Restoration by Norbert Roettier, the son of John Roettier.

139. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., in armour and cloak.
CAROL. D. G. M. B. &c. _Rev._ Hand from cloud holding celestial
crown; below, landscape with sheep without shepherd. VIRTVT.
EX ME FORTVNAM EX ALIJS Silver. Size 1·35. Struck. By Norbert
Roettier.

This medal is not signed; but some specimens bear the artist's signature.

140. Giles Strangeways, 1648. _Obv._ Bust r., in Roman dress.
ÆGIDIVS STRANGWAYS DE MELBVRY IN COM. DORCESTR. ARMIGER. IAN.
R. F. _Rev._ The White Tower of London, with Royal standard;
above, sun. DECVSQVE ADVERSA DEDERVNT: in ex., INCARCERATVS
SEPT. 1645. LIBERATVS APR. 1648. Silver. Size 2·4. Struck. By
John Roettier.

Giles Strangways, born at Melbury 1615, commanded a regiment of horse in the king's service in the West; was afterwards imprisoned in the Tower with his father and heavily fined. At the Restoration he represented Dorsetshire in Parliament, about which time this medal was struck.

COMMONWEALTH. 1649—1660.

141. Cromwell, "Lord General," 1650. _Obv._ Bust,
three-quarters r., wearing armour and cloak. OLI. CROMWEL
MILIT. PARL. DVX GEN. Reverse plain. Silver. Size 1·4. Struck.
By T. Simon.

On the 26th June, 1650, Fairfax having resigned the command of the army, Cromwell, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was appointed Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief of all the forces of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England.

142—143. Cromwell, "Lord Protector," 1653. _Obv._ Bust l.,
wearing decorated armour and cloak. OLIVERVS DEI GRA. REIPVB.
ANGLIÆ SCO. ET HIB. & PROTECTOR. THO. SIMON. F. _Rev._ Lion,
sejant, laureate, supporting shield of the Protectorate. PAX
QVÆRITVR BELLO. Gold and silver. Size 1·5. Struck. By T. Simon.

Cromwell was created Lord Protector on the 16th Dec. 1653. This portrait was copied from a miniature by Cooper now in the collection of the Duke of Devonshire.

144. Elizabeth, wife of Cromwell, 1641. _Obv._ Bust l., draped,
&c. ELIZABETH WIFE OF O. C. L. P. 1641. _Rev._ ELIZEBETH
DAUGHTER OF S^R. JAMES BOUCHER. 1641. Lead. Size 1·45. Cast.
Unique.

Elizabeth, dau. of Sir James Boucher of Felstead, Essex, born 1598, mar. 1620, died 1672. This medal is of the time: but the date is an anachronism, as Cromwell was not Lord Protector till 1653.

145. Henry Cromwell, 1654. _Obv._ Bust, facing, wearing armour,
&c.: on arm, A. S. _Rev._ HEN. CROMWELL GVB. HIB. 1654;
wreath-border. Lead. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast and chased; with
ring for suspension. By A. Simon.

Henry Cromwell, fourth son of the Protector, born 1627, commanded in Ireland 1649; appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland 1654; died 1673.

146. Elizabeth Cromwell, wife of John Claypole, 1658. _Obv._
Bust r., wearing necklace and slightly draped. Reverse plain.
Silver. Oval. Size 1·3. Cast and chased from a model by A.
Simon.

Elizabeth, second dau. of Cromwell, born 1630, mar. John Claypole, died at Hampton Court 6th Aug. 1658; was buried at Westminster Abbey.

147. John Claypole, 1658. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing doublet.
Reverse plain. Silver. Oval. Size 1·1. Cast and chased; with
ring for suspension; from a model by A. Simon.

John Claypole, husband of Elizabeth Cromwell, died 1688.

148. Henry Ireton, 1650. _Obv._ Head l. QVID TIBI RETRIBVAM.
T. S. 1650. _Rev._ Soldier climbing rock and firing cottage,
distant view of battle, &c. IVSTITIA NECESSITASQ. IVBET.
Copper. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast and chased; with silver rim and
ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

Henry Ireton, born 1610, was educated at Oxford, joined the parliamentarians and fought at Naseby, mar. Bridget, dau. of Cromwell, 1646, was appointed deputy of the Protector in Ireland 1650. Died 1651. The reverse is intended as an excuse for his conduct in Ireland.

149—150. Battle of Dunbar, 1650. _Obv._ Bust of Cromwell l.,
wearing armour and scarf; in the distance, battle. THE LORD OF
HOSTS. WORD AT DVNBAR SEPTEM. Y. 3. 1650; on arm, THO. SIMON
FE. _Rev._ Parliament assembled in one house with Speaker.
Silver and copper. Oval. Size 1·3. Struck. By T. Simon.

Executed by order of Parliament for distribution amongst the officers and soldiers engaged in the battle of Dunbar. The dies of this medal were discovered at Hursly, Hants, the seat of Sir Thomas Heathcote, but once the residence of Richard Cromwell.

151. Another. Similar: on arm, T. SIMON F., and ring for
suspension. Gold. Oval. Size .95. By T. Simon.

152. Another. Similar: with plain reverse and no ring. Silver.
Oval. Size .95. Struck. By T. Simon.

153. Naval Reward. Service against Six Ships, 1650. _Obv._
Anchor, from which are suspended two shields, arms of England
and Ireland, the whole encircled by cable. MERUISTI. _Rev._
Ship in close action with two others, four more in the
distance. SERVICE DON AGAINST SIX SHIPS JVLY Y. XXXI. & AVGUST
Y. I. 1650. Silver. Oval. Size 1·6. Struck.

Captain Wyard, in a Ship of twenty-two guns, when convoying four merchant vessels from Hull to Amsterdam, was attacked by six Irish frigates, which after a long conflict he beat off. This medal was struck for distribution amongst Captain Wyard and his crew.

Although this medal has the same obverse type as the following one, it seems somewhat doubtful whether it was executed by T. Simon.

154. Naval Reward, 1650. _Obv._ Similar to preceding; on the
beam of the anchor, T.S. _Rev._ Parliament assembled in one
house with Speaker. Gold. Oval. Size .95. Struck; with ring for
suspension. By T. Simon.

Executed in 1650 by order of Parliament, and bestowed for naval service.

155. Naval Reward, 1653. Blake's victories over the Dutch.
_Obv._ Anchor, from which are suspended three shields, arms of
England, Scotland and Ireland; the whole encircled by cable.
_Rev._ Naval engagement; the stern of one vessel inscribed,
SIMON; on the prow of another, T.S.; broad border of trophies
from the Dutch. Lead. Oval. Size 2·2. Struck. By T. Simon.

Four of these medals were ordered by the Parliament to be struck in commemoration of naval victories over the Dutch. Two with chains of £300 value each were presented to Blake and Monk; two with chains of £100 value each, to Admirals Penn and Lawson. Of these medals three are extant. In 1651, when Scotland was incorporated with the Commonwealth, a third shield was introduced, in the arms of Great Britain. The shield of Scotland is not on the naval reward of 1650. (See No. 153.)

156. Another. Similar: with border of laurel leaves. Gold.
Oval. Size 2. Struck; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

Four of these medals were struck for presentation with chains of the value of £40 each to the four flag officers. Of these one is in the possession of C. D. Holworthy, who inherited it from his maternal ancestor, Capt. Haddock.

157. Another. Similar: without border. Gold. Size 1·6. Struck;
with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

The medals of the class were probably distributed amongst the Captains of the vessels engaged.

158. Saving the Triumph, 1653. Same medal with inscription
engraved on the reverse, FOR EMINENT SERVICE IN SAVING Y
TRIVMPH FIERED IN FIGHT W^[H]. Y. DVCH IN IVLY 1653. Gold.
Oval. Size 1·6. Struck; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

The Triumph was Blake's flag-ship, and in the battle of 31st July, 1653, in the absence of her commander, she took fire and was abandoned by the greater part of the crew. Those who remained, redoubling their efforts, succeeded in saving her, and were rewarded with the above medal bearing a special inscription.

159. Admiral Blake, 1653. _Obv._ Bust, three quarters r.,
wearing armour, ruff, &c. ROB^Ṭ. BLAKE. _Born_ 1598. _Died_
1657. _He fought at once with Ships & Castles. He dared the
Fury of all the Elements, & left an Example to Posterity
which is incredible; to be imitated._ _Rev._ Naval engagement
with broad trophy border as No. 155. Silver. Oval. Size 2·3.
Engraved and struck. By T. Simon.

Robert Blake, born 1598, commanded in the West for Parliament during the Civil War, entered the Naval Service in 1649 and obtained several victories over the Dutch during the years 1652—1654. Died 1657. The obverse of this medal is engraved, and the reverse is struck, each on a thin plate. The portrait is not as it professes to be of Blake, but is a coarse copy of one of Maurice, Prince of Orange.

160. Peace with Holland, 1654. _Obv._ Britain and Holland
armed, holding spears, each surmounted with cap of Liberty, and
bearing national flag, Peace uniting spears with olive-wreath.
HIER BINT DE HEIL'GE VREEDEN BRIT. EN BATAVIER, &c. _Rev._
Ship in full sail r., driven by winds; above, Fame; beneath,
Tritons; A^O 1654. WAAROM ZEILT T. VREDESCHIP OPT. SILVER IN DE
ZEE, &c. Silver-gilt. Size 3·15. Repoussé and chased.

Holland, defeated in a series of naval actions, sued for peace and submitted to terms favourable to England. This medal is Dutch, and is composed of two plates united by rim. It was probably executed by Pieter van Abeele, (see note, p. 37).

161. Another, 1654. _Obv._ Cromwell delivering treaty of Peace
to the representative of the United Provinces. VREDE GESLOTEN
TUSSCHEN DEN HEER HEERE PROTECTEVR CROMWEL, &c. IN DEN IARE
1654. _Rev._ Shield, arms and crest of the town of Sluys.
PIETER LIPS ENDE FERDINANDE DE BACKERE BVRGEMEESTERS DER STADT
SLVYS ANNO 1654. Silver. Size 3·4. Engraved.

This medal was probably executed by order of the Burgomasters of Sluys mentioned in the reverse inscription.

162. Another, 1654. _Obv._ Britannia with harp on her knees,
and Holland with Belgic lion at her feet, seated, facing,
holding between them cap of Liberty: beneath, CONCL. XV/XXV D.
APRIL A^o. MDCLIV. MENTIBUS UNITIS PRISCUS PROCUL ABSIT AMAROR,
&c. _Rev._ A British and a Dutch ship sailing together on calm
sea; on stern of each, S.D. LUXURIAT GEMINO NEXU TRANQVILLA
SALO RES, &c. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. By Sebastian Dadler.

This medal, besides commemorating the peace, refers also to the treaty of commerce and alliance between England and Holland.

163. Another, 1654. _Obv._ Neptune in sea-chariot, facing;
on his knees two shields, arms of England with Ireland and
Holland; car attended by two Tritons; behind, sun, whose
rays fill field. AMANTIVM IRA AMICITIÆ REDINTEGRATIO EST; on
car and beneath, _Jerian Pool fecit Amsterdami_. _Rev._ Long
inscription in Dutch relating to the Treaty between the Lord
Protector and the States General concluded 15th April, ratified
2nd May, and proclaimed 27th May, 1654. Silver. Size 2·35.
Struck. By Jerian Pool.[11]

[11] Jerian Pool or Juriaen van Pool was a medallist of some note at Amsterdam, whose works date from the middle to the second half of the 17th century. The most important of his medals are a portrait of Admiral Martin van Tromp, 1653, another of William, Prince of Orange, of the following year, and the inauguration-medal of the Guildhall of Amsterdam, 1655.

164—165. Death of Cromwell, 1658. _Obv._ Bust l., laureate,
in armour. OLIVAR. D. G. RP. ANG. SCO. HIB. &c. PROTECTOR; on
arm, T. SIMON. _Rev._ Landscape, with young olive tree growing
up at side of the stump of an old one; shepherds tending their
flocks. NON DEFITIENT OLIVA. SEP. 3. 1658. Gold and copper.
Oval. Size .85. Struck; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

Oliver Cromwell, born 2nd April, 1599, commanded for Parliament in the Civil War, appointed Lord-Lieutenant and Commander-in-Chief in Ireland 1649, Lord-General 1650, and Lord Protector 1653, died Sept. 3rd, 1658. The reverse of this medal refers to the succession of the Protectorate passing to Richard Cromwell.

166—167. Another. _Obv._ Bust l., laureate, in armour. OLIVAR.
D. G. RP. ANG. SCO. HIBERNIÆ PROTECTOR. _Rev._ Landscape with
young olive tree and shepherd with sheep; in the distance,
trees and buildings. NON DEFITIENT OLIVA. SEP. 3. 1658. Gold
and silver. Size 1·85. Struck.

This and the next medal of smaller size were struck in Holland to be supplied to those who were unable to procure the one executed by T. Simon.

168. Another. _Obv._ Bust l., laureate, mantle over shoulders.
OLIVAR. D. G. RP. ANG. SCO. HIB. PRO. _Rev._ Similar to
preceding. Gold. Size 1·1. Struck. Dutch.

169. Trial of John Lilburne, 1649. _Obv._ Bust l., with high
collar, &c. Legend in three concentric circles, IOHN LILBORNE
SAVED BY THE POWER OF THE LORD AND THE INTEGRITY OF HIS IVRY
WHO ARE IVGES OF LAW AS WEL AS FACT. OCT. 26. 1649. _Rev._ Rose
in centre of four concentric circles inscribed with the names
of the twelve jurymen and date of trial as above. Silver. Size
1·3. Struck.

John Lilburn, an ardent agitator born 1618, was several times prosecuted and imprisoned for seditious libels, first against Charles I., and afterwards against Cromwell. This medal was struck upon his acquittal in 1649, when he was accused of high treason for libelling Cromwell. He died 1657.

170. General Lambert, 1653. Head l., bare; behind, I. LAMBERT.
Lead. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast. This medalet is made after the
manner of an antique gem.