Chapter V: Introduction: Sidenote: ARRANGEMENT (4)

It was rumoured in Holland that a secret treaty had been concluded between James and Louis XIV. called "The French league to cut Protestants' throats in England," and also that James had allowed some Algerine Corsairs to carry Dutch prizes into English ports. Like-wise Louis was accused of exciting the Turks against the Germans. As illustrating these rumours these four potentates are represented as leaguing together against Christianity, the devil being a fifth conspirator.

283. Invitation to William of Orange, 1688. _Obv._ Busts
of William and Mary jugate r., draped. _Beneath_, M. WILH.
HENR. ET MARIA D. G. AUR. PRINC. ETC. REFORMATIONIS VINDICES;
_above_, ATAVUM PRO LIBERTATE FIDEQUE. _Rev._ Religion under
eye of Providence trampling upon emblems of Romanism and
resting her l. hand on cap of liberty, placed upon open Bible
lying on altar inscribed, SS. FIDES; in r. hand, scroll
inscribed, LITTERÆ FAGELII. _Leg._ IAM MIHI ROMA MINAX FISTULA
DULCE CANIT; in ex., REFORMATIO ANGLIÆ. MDCLXXXVIII. Silver.
Size 2·45. Struck. Dutch.

When Zuleistein, who had been sent by William to congratulate James on the birth of the Prince, returned to Holland, he brought back with him an invitation to William numerously signed to place himself at the head of the Protestant party in England. The reverse refers to the mistrust of the Protestant party of the declaration of Liberty of Conscience, and to Religion, who, claiming an open and free Bible, appeals to the letters of Fagel as setting forth the principles of William. (See No. 272.)

284. Flight of James, 1689. _Obv._ Bust of King l., wearing
bag-wig, and draped. IACOBUS II. BRITAN. REX FUGITIV. _Rev._
Column shattered by lightning; distant view of London. NON ICTV
HVMANO SED FLATV DIVINO; in ex., SPONTE FUGIT IACOB. II. ANG.
REX L. 20. DEC. CAPTUS 23. D. 1688. ITERUM FUGIT 2. IAN. 1689.
S.N. Silver. Size 1·4. Struck. By J. Smeltzing.

James fled from London 20 Dec. for France, but driven back by contrary winds, and being seized by the inhabitants of Faversham, he returned to London, but at the desire of William of Orange, he again left 2 Jan., and from the Medway sailed to France.

285. Another. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ An oak and an orange tree,
the former broken; behind, sea with ships and rising sun. PRO
GLANDIBVS AVREA POMA; in ex., POST FUGAM REGIS DELATA REGNI
ADMINISTRATIO PRINCIPI AURIA. 3. JAN. 1689. S.N. Silver. Size
1·4. Struck. By J. Smeltzing.

The abdication of James is symbolized by the broken oak, and the accession of William by the orange tree and rising sun.

286. Another. _Obv._ Head of Louis XIV. r. LVDOVICVS MAGNVS
REX. _Rev._ Belgic lion carrying flag with Christian monogram
and staff with cap of Liberty, driving before him James with
broken sword, and Father Petre bearing infant Prince holding
toy-windmill; in the distance, French ship. AVT REX AVT NIHIL;
in ex., REGIFVGIVM IAC. AD LVD. XIV. Lead. Size 1·5. Struck.
Dutch.

Father Petre was the King's confessor and chief adviser. The Prince is represented with a windmill, because those who disputed his legitimacy said he was the son of a miller.

287. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., laur. and draped.
IACOBUS II. D. G. BRITANNIARUM IMPERATOR. _Rev._ Vixen with
torch firing tree, in which eagle and eaglet in nest; in
the distance, eagle carrying off fox's cub. 4. IAN. 1689.
S.N. MAGNIS INTERDUM PARVA NOCENT. REGNO ABDICATO IN GALLIAM
APPULIT. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. By J. Smeltzing.

The intended application of the reverse design is uncertain. The vixen may represent England driving out the King, who had deprived her of her religious liberty.

288. Flight of Prince James, 1688. _Obv._ Father Petre mounted
on lobster, and holding in his arms the young Prince, on
whose head is a windmill; in distance, ship with French flag.
ALLONS MON PRINCE NOUS SOMMES EN BON CHEMIN; in ex., IAC.
FRANC. EDUARD SUPPOSEE. 20. JUIN. 1688. _Rev._ Shield bearing
windmill, surmounted by Jesuit's cap, and surrounded by rosary
with inscription, HONI SOIT QUI NON Y PENSE; and badge, a
lobster. LES ARMES ET L'ORDRE DU PRETENDU PRINCE DE GALLES.
Silver. Size 1·25. Struck.

Executed in Holland and a satire on the birth of Prince James. The lobster is a satirical allusion to the order of the Jesuits, of which body Father Petre was a member, and whose founder having accidentally dropped his Bible into the sea, was presented with it the next morning by a lobster. The arms on the reverse refer to the disputed legitimacy of the prince. (See No. 286.)

289. Reception of James by Louis XIV., 1689. _Obv._ Head of
Louis XIV. r. LUDOVICUS XIIII. REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. I. MAVGER
F. _Rev._ Gallia receiving James, his Queen and son. PERFUGIUM
REGIBUS: in ex., IAC. II. M. BR. REX CUM REG. CONI. ET PR.
WALLIAE IN GALL. RECEPTUS. MDCLXXXIX. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck.
By J. Mauger.

One of the historical series of medals of Louis XIV.

290. Another. _Obv._ Same as No. 287. _Rev._ Sun partially
eclipsed by moon; below, landscape and sea with ships. ORBATA
LUCE LUCIDUM OBSCURAT; in ex., LUD. XIV. GALL. REX ADMITTIT
IAC. II. BRIT. REGEM FUG. VII. IAN. MDCLXXXIX. S.N. Silver.
Size 2·25. Struck. By J. Smeltzing.

The sun was the emblem of Louis XIV., which is here represented as eclipsed by the fortunes of James, the moon.

291. Memorial of James II., 1701. Bust of King r., laur.,
wearing armour and cloak; on shoulder, 88 (1688). IACOBVS II.
D. G. MAG. BRIT. FR. ET HIB. REX NAT. OCT. 17. 33. OB. SEP. 4.
1701. ÆTAT. 67. Lead. Oval. Size 3·65. Cast. A plaque.

This thin plate of lead may have been intended for the lid of a box. It was executed after the death of James probably during the reign of Anne.

STUART FAMILY.

292. James (Elder Pretender) Prince of Wales, 1697. _Obv._ Bust
of Prince l., in armour and cloak. IACOBVS WALLIÆ PRINCEPS.
N.R. _Rev._ Ship, with flag of England, in distress. 1697.
IACTATVR NON MERGITVR VNDIS. Copper. Size 1·75. Struck. By N.
Roettier.

This and the following medals, Nos. 293—296 are supposed to have been struck at the time of the treaty of Ryswick, when James II. in vain attempted to have his cause advocated.

293—294. Another. _Obv._ Head of Prince l. IAC. WALLIÆ
PRINCEPS. N. R. _Rev._ Dove with olive-branch flying r., over
tranquil sea. MANSVRÆ NVNTIA PACIS. 1697. Copper-gilt and
copper. Size .95. Struck. By N. Roettier.

295—296. Another. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ Mine exploding in a
bastion. QVO COMPRESSA MAGIS. 1697. Copper-gilt and copper.
Size .95. Struck. By N. Roettier.

This medal foretells the future success of the cause of the Stuarts.

297. James II. and the Elder Pretender, 1699. _Obv._ Head of
James II. r., laur. IACOBVS II. D. G. M. B. F. ET H. REX. 1699.
N. R. _Rev._ Bust of Prince James l., in armour and cloak. IAC.
WALLIÆ PRINCEPS. Silver. Size 1·4. Struck. By N. Roettier.

This medal and the following one were struck for presentation to the adherents of the King and Prince of Wales, who visited them in their exile.

298. Another. _Obv._ Bust of James II. r., laur., in armour.
IACOBVS II. D. G. M. B. R. N. R. _Rev._ Bust of Prince James
1., in armour. IAC. WALLIÆ PRINCEPS. N. R. Silver. Size 1·05.
Struck. By N. Roettier.

299. James, Elder Pretender and Princess Louisa, 1699? Busts
of Prince James, in armour, and his sister, Princess Louisa,
draped, facing each other in separate oval compartments; above
and below, scroll work. Silver. Size 2. Embossed. A thin plaque
of silver which may have served for the lid of a box.

300. James (III.), Elder Pretender, 1704. Protection of Louis
XIV. _Obv._ Bust of James l. IAC. III. D. G. MAG. BRIT. REX.
N. R. _Rev._ Sun dispersing clouds; below, landscape and sea
with ships. VIRTUS MOX NUBILA PELLET. 1704. Silver. Size 1·1.
Struck. By N. Roettier.

James was under the protection of Louis XIV., who in the form of the sun, his emblem, may be said to be dispelling the clouds, which obscured James's prospects.

301—302. Another. Restoration of Kingdom, 1709? _Obv._ Bust of
James l., in armour and cloak. CVIVS EST. N. R. _Rev._ Map of
Great Britain and Ireland with their capitals marked by initial
letters; ships in sea. REDDITE IGITVR. Silver and copper. Size
2. Struck. By N. Roettier.

This medal is addressed to the adherents of the House of Stuart calling upon them to restore the kingdom to him to whom it belongs.

303. Another. _Obv._ Similar; bust of James r., laur. N. R.
(monogram). _Rev._ Similar. REDDITE. Silver. Size 1·45. Struck.
By N. Roettier.

304. Claim of Elder Pretender, 1710. _Obv._ Head of James l.,
laur. IACOBVS III. D. G. M. B. F. ET H. REX. _Rev._ Sheep in
field. COGNOSCUNT ME MEÆ. 1710. Silver. Size 1·2. Struck. By N.
Roettier.

This medal is specially addressed to those who still supported the Pretender's claim to the English throne.

305. James (III.), Elder Pretender, and Princess Louisa, 1712.
_Obv._ Bust of James l., in armour and cloak. IACOBVS III.
D. G. M. B. &c. _Rev._ Bust of Princess Louisa l., draped.
PRINCEPS LVD. SER. M. B. REGIS SOROR. Copper-gilt. Size 2. Cast
and chased.

Issued for circulation amongst the partisans of the Stuarts in England. This medal is a copy executed in England from an original by N. Roettier.

306. Attempts of James (III.) to recover English throne in 1708
& 1716. _Obv._ Bust of James r., in armour and cloak. NIHIL
EFFICIENS. _Rev._ Map of Great Britain and Ireland and ships
in sea; dates of expeditions on Scotland. BIS VENIT VIDIT NON
VICIT FLENSQVE RECESSIT. Silver. Size 1·3. Struck.

This medal ridicules the two ineffectual attempts of James to place himself upon the throne of England in March, 1708, and in February, 1716.

307—308. James (III.), Elder Pretender, and Princess
Clementina, 1719. _Obv._ Bust of James r., in armour and cloak.
IACOBVS III. D. G. M. B. F. &c. _Rev._ Bust of Clementina l.,
draped, hair with jewels. CLEMENTINA MAGNAE BRITANNIAE ETC.
REG.; on arm, OTTO HAMERANI. Silver and copper. Size 1·9.
Struck. By O. Hamerani.[19]

[19] Otto Hamerani, younger son of Giovanni Hamerani, was, like his father and brother Ermenegildo attached as medallist to the Papal Court, and executed a large number of medals for Clement XII., Benedict XIV., and Clement XIII. He also received many commissions from the Stuart Family, especially from the Elder Pretender, who rewarded him with handsome presents. He died 1768.

A memorial of the marriage of James with Maria Clementina, granddaughter of John (III.), Sobieski, King of Poland.

309. Clementina Sobieski. Escape from Innsprück, 1719. _Obv._
Bust l., in gown and mantle, hair with jewels. CLEMENTINA M.
BRITAN. FR. &c. OTTO HAMERANI F. _Rev._ Clementina in car drawn
by two horses at full speed l., distant view of city, ships,
sun rising, &c. FORTVNAM CAVSAM QVE SEQVOR; in ex., DECEPTIS
CVSTODIBVS. MDCCXIX. Silver. Size 1·85. Struck. By O. Hamerani.

The Emperor Charles VI. disapproving of the marriage of James with Clementina, seized the latter on her way through the Tyrol and placed her in confinement in Innsprück, from whence she escaped in male attire and fled to Bologna, where she was married by proxy to James, who was at that time in Spain.

310. Birth of Prince Charles, Younger Pretender, 1720. _Obv._
Jugate busts of James in armour, and Clementina, draped, r.
IACOB. III. R. CLEMENTINA R. HAMERAN. _Rev._ Female figure
(Providence) facing, holding infant on l. arm, which rests upon
column, and with r. pointing at globe with map of Great Britain
and Ireland. PROVIDENTIA OBSTETRIX; in ex., CAROLO PRINC.
VALLIÆ NAT. DIE VLTIMA A. MDCCXX. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By
O. Hamerani.

Prince Charles, Younger Pretender, born 31 Dec. 1720. The child's attention is directed to the globe, on which are represented the kingdoms, which it would be his future object to attain.

311. Rule of the House of Hanover, 1721. _Obv._ Bust of James
r., in armour and cloak. VNICA SALVS. _Rev._ Hanoverian horse
trampling on British lion and unicorn: Britannia weeping, and
fugitives carrying off their goods; in the distance, London.
QVID GRAVIVS CAPTA. MDCCXXI. Silver. Size 1·95. Struck.

This medal satirizes the accession of the House of Hanover to the throne of England. In the year 1721 great efforts were made to rouse the adherents of the Stuarts into action.

312—313. Prince Charles, Younger Pretender, and Prince Henry,
circ. 1730. _Obv._ Bust of Prince Charles r., in armour and
cloak; before, star. MICAT INTER OMNES. (Hor. Car. I. 12. 46.)
_Rev._ Bust of Prince Henry l., wearing armour and ribbon.
ALTER AB ILLO; on arm, H.; on edge, DIE XXXI. DECEMBR. MDCCXX.
EXTVLIT OS SACRVM COELO. (Virg., Aen. VIII. 591.) Gold and
silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By O. Hamerani.

The two Princes here represented are Prince Charles, afterwards called the Younger Pretender, Charles III., &c., and Prince Henry, afterwards Cardinal of York, and styled Henry IX. This medal commemorates the birth of Prince Charles.

314. Another. _Obv._ Bust of Prince Charles r., in armour and
cloak; on shoulder, wolf and twins. HVNC SALTEM EVERSO IVVENEM.
(Virg., Geo. I. 500.) _Rev._ Bust of Prince Henry r., in armour
and cloak. TRIPLICIS SPES TERTIA GENTIS. Copper. Size 1·75.
Struck. By O. Hamerani.

The obverse legend expresses the hopes of the adherents of the Stuarts, that the Prince may not be prevented from restoring his family to their rights, and that on the reverse shews the relationship of Prince Henry, the third claimant to the triple kingdom.

315. Arrival of Younger Pretender expected, 1745. _Obv._ Head
of Prince Charles r. CAROLUS WALLIÆ PRINCEPS. 1745. _Rev._
Britannia, with spear and shield, l., on shore watching
approach of fleet. AMOR ET SPES; in ex., BRITANNIA. Copper.
Size 1·6. Struck.

This medal was probably struck in France, when Prince Charles was preparing for the invasion of 1745.

316. Visit of Prince Charles to England, 1752. _Obv._ Head of
Prince Charles r. REDEAT MAGNUS ILLE GENIUS BRITANNIÆ. _Rev._
Similar to preceding. O DIU DESIDERATA NAVIS; in ex., LÆTAMINI
CIVES. SEPT. XXIII. MDCCLII. Silver. Size 1·7. Struck.

Prince Charles secretly visited London in 1750, and again in 1752, when a scheme for another invasion was planned. These visits were known to the English court. This medal was struck by the partisans of the Prince in France.

317. Louisa, Countess of Stolberg, wife of Younger Pretender,
1772. Bust of Countess of Stolberg l., draped. Silver-Oval.
Size 1·3. Cast and chased.

Prince Charles mar. by proxy at Paris, 28 Mar. 1772, Louisa dau. of Gustavus Adolphus, Prince of Stolberg-Goedern.

318—319. Henry (IX.), Duke of York, Cardinal, 1788. _Obv._ Bust
of Prince Henry in cardinal's robes and skull cap. HEN. IX.
MAG. BRIT. FR. ET HIB. REX FID. DEF. CARD. EP. TVSC. G. HAM. F.
_Rev._ Religion holding Bible and cross; at her feet, British
lion, &c., distant view of Rome. NON DESIDERIIS HOMINVM, SED
VOLVNTATE DEI. AN. MDCCLXXXVIII. Silver and copper. Size 2·05.
Struck. By G. Hamerani.[20]

[20] Giacomo Hamerani, who executed this medal, was the last of that famous family of medallists. He worked chiefly at Rome, where he was chief medallist to Pius VI., and where this medal was struck.

On the death of the Younger Pretender in 1788 his brother Henry assumed the title of Henry IX., and caused this and other medals to be struck.

TOUCH-PIECES.

320. Charles II., 1661. _Obv._ Ship in full sail l. CAR. II.
D. G. M. B. FR. ET HI. REX. _Rev._ St. Michael and the dragon.
SOLI DEO GLORIA. Gold. Size .85. Struck.

When the king performed the ceremony of "touching" those, who were afflicted with scrofulous complaints, he put about the neck of each person a white ribbon with one of these pieces on it.

321. James II., 1685. _Obv._ Similar. IACO. II. D. G. M. B. &c.
_Rev._ Similar. Gold. Size .75. Struck.

322. Another. Similar: ship r., and leg. varied on obverse.
Silver. Size .75. Struck.

James II. was the first to strike these touch-pieces in silver.

323. James (III.), Elder Pretender, circ. 1710. _Obv._ Similar;
type varied. IAC. III. D. G. M. B. F. ET H. R. _Rev._ Similar.
Gold. Size .85. Struck.

This piece is of better work than those preceding. It was probably executed at Rome, when the Stuart family was residing in that city.

324. Henry (IX.), Duke of York, Cardinal, 1788. _Obv._ Similar.
H. IX. D. G. M. B. F. ET H. R. C. EP. TVSC. _Rev._ Similar.
Size .8. Struck.

The power of healing for the king's evil appears to have been claimed by all the Stuarts. It was abandoned by George I., who, on being applied to by a staunch adherent of the House of Hanover to touch his son, declined to do so, and referred the applicant to the Elder Pretender.

WILLIAM AND MARY. 1688—1695.

325. Expedition to England, 1688. _Obv._ William in Roman dress
r., and Britannia wearing triple crown, joining hands over
lighted altar: behind her, orange and rose trees intertwined,
with shield of Britain; in the distance, flight of James II.
and Father Petre carrying Prince with toy-windmill. DEO VINDICE
IUSTITIA COMITE. R. A. F. _Rev._ Troops landing from boats in
fortified harbour (Torbay); in the distance, fleet. CONTRA
INFANTEM PERDITIONIS; in ex., EXPEDITIO NAUALIS PRO LIBERTATE
ANGLIÆ. MDCLXXXVIII. Silver. Size 1·9. By R. Arondeaux.

This medal commemorates the arrival of William of Orange at Torbay, the expedition being undertaken to defend the liberties of England against the Pope, who is here styled "the Son of Perdition." (See also No. 286.)[21]

[21] From this period the medals, with very few exceptions, are _struck_, those only which are _cast_ will therefore be noticed.

326. Landing at Torbay, 1688. _Obv._ Bust of William r., laur.,
in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS MAGNUS; on arm, I. L. _Rev._
William standing on cliff and superintending the disembarkation
of troops; near him, but with flag inscribed, FOR THES (sic)
RELIGI. AND LIBERTY. _Leg._ GUIL. NAS. IN TORBAY BRIT. Silver.
Size 1·8. By J. Luder.[22]

[22] Jan Luder, a Dutch medallist of no special merit, executed a large number of medals for William and also for George III., Elector of Saxony.

This medal was struck to commemorate the landing of William at Torbay, 5 Nov. 1688. The flag on the hut was that borne by the vessel in which William sailed.

327. Another. _Obv._ Bust of William r., in armour, scarf, &c.;
on arm, 1688. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. PRIN. AVR. HOL. ET WES.
GVB. G. B. F. _Rev._ Prince on horseback at head of army drawn
up on seashore: in the distance, fleet; and in foreground, Mars
supporting fainting Justice. TERRAS ASTRÆA REUISIT: on edge,
NON RAPIT IMPERIUM UIS TUA SED RECIPIT. Silver. Size 1·9. By G.
Bower.

This medal asserts that William restored justice to England, and that he did not seize the empire by violence, but was invited to accept it.

328. Arrival of William. Liberty restored to England, 1688.
_Obv._ Britannia r., welcoming Belgia armed, bearing shield of
William; in the distance, fleet. M. BRIT. EXP. NAV. BAT. LIB.
REST. ASSERTA. _Rev._ Eagle r., casting gosling out of nest
on rock, in which two eaglets remain: above, another eagle,
watching fleet in the distance. INDIGNUM EIICIT. Orange-wreath.
Silver. Size 2·3. Dutch.

Britain retained the two daughters of James II., Mary and Anne, but rejected the Prince, who was thought to be supposititious.

329. Destruction of Roman Catholic Chapels in London, 1688.
_Obv._ Busts jugate r. of William, laur., and Mary, both
draped. GVLIELMVS ET MARIA D. G. ANG. FRA. ET HIB. REX ET
REGINA FIDEI DEFENSORES, &c. G. B. F. _Rev._ Papal emblems
burnt in Lincoln's Inn Fields; the west side is seen, with the
Portuguese chapel in Duke Street in ruins. NEC LEX EST IUSTIOR
ULLA. Silver. Size 2·05. By G. Bower.

The populace, enraged with the Roman Catholics, pulled down their houses and destroyed their chapels. The Lincoln's Inn Fields' chapel was burnt 10 Dec. 1688.

330. Flight of James and Declaration of Parliament, 1689.
_Obv._ Bear, wearing rosary, stung by bees from three
overturned hives. PŒNA COMES SCELERIS; in ex., SIC LIBERTATEM
RELIGIONEMQ. BRITANNI A SPOLIANTIBUS VINDICANT. MDCLXXXVIII.
S. N. _Rev._ Bear wearing rosary and Jesuit's cap, driven by
hands from heaven holding staff and cord with ring passing
through his nose; in the distance, the Sorbonne. FORTEM VIS
FORTIOR URGET; in ex., BRITANNIA A DUPLICI ARBITRAR. PAPALIQ.
OPPRESSIONE LIBERATA. 1689. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. Smeltzing.

The bear on the obverse is James II., and the hives are the three kingdoms; whilst the sting of the bees is the vote of the House of Commons, 28 Jan. 1689, which excluded Roman Catholics from holding any office and declared the throne vacant. The reverse type is emblematic of the rejection of the authority of Rome by England.

331. Liberty and Religion restored to England, 1689. _Obv._
Bust of William r., laur., in armour and cloak. GUILLEL. III.
D. G. PRINC. AURA. RELI. LIBER. QUE. RESTI. _Rev._ Ark of the
Covenant, near which English and Dutch soldiers with shields of
their countries praying, and on the other side French and Irish
soldiers dispersed by lightnings and by warrior in clouds armed
with shield of Nassau and thunderbolt, above whom, EMANUEL; in
foreground, flight of Father Petre with Romanist insignia and
the Pope carrying young Prince. Silver. Size 2·1. By J. Luder.

This medal was probably executed in 1689, a little before William's coronation. The French king had espoused the cause of James, and Ireland was already in a state of revolt against the Protestants, the civil and military power having been placed by James in the hands of the Roman Catholics.

332. Coronation, 1689. _Obv._ Busts jugate r. of King, laur.,
and Queen, both draped. GVLIELMVS ET MARIA D. G. ANG. FRA. &c.
G. B. F. _Rev._ Perseus delivering Andromeda. PRETIVMQ. ET
CAVSA LABORIS. 1689. Gold. Size 1·45. By G. Bower.

William and Mary were crowned 11 April, 1689. William is represented as Perseus and England as Andromeda.

333. Another. _Obv._ Similar. GVLIELMVS ET MARIA REX ET
REGINA. _Rev._ Jupiter in clouds hurling thunderbolt against
Phaethon, who falls from his chariot; earth in flames. NE TOTVS
ABSVMATVR; in ex., INAVGVRAT. 11 AP. 1689. Gold. Size 1·45. By
G. Bower.

Phaethon typifies James, who, unable to manage the reins of the government, is displaced, that "the whole empire may not be destroyed."

334. Another. _Obv._ Heads jugate r. of King and Queen, laur.
GULIELM. R. MARIA REGINA F. D. P. A. I. S. _Rev._ Papal emblems
destroyed by lightning. HÆC SUMMA DIES; in ex., INAVGUR.
MAIEST. 11/21 APR. 1689. Silver. Size 1·45. By J. Smeltzing.

Commemorative of the coronation of William and Mary, as destructive of Papal power in England.

335. Another. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ Eagle on rock casting young
bird out of nest, in which remain two eaglets; midday sun, and
fleet in the distance. NON PATITUR SUPPOSITITIOS; in ex., IURE
REGNI VINDIC. MDCLXXXIX. Silver. Size 1·45. By J. Smeltzing.
(See also No. 328.)

336. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r. laur., draped. WILH. III.
D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. &c. G. H. _Rev._ Bust of Queen l., draped,
wearing necklace, &c. MARIA D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. &c.; on edge,
CORONAT. WEST-MONAST. D. XI. APRIL. ANNO MDCLXXXIX. Silver.
Size 1·55.

By G. Hautsch, who was a native of Nuremberg, but worked in Cologne as well as in Holland. He died circ. 1711.

337. Another. _Obv._ Busts jugate r. of King, laur., in armour
and cloak, and Queen draped. GVLIELMVS ET MARIA D. G. MAG.
BR. FR. &c. G. B. F. _Rev._ Archbishop and bishop supporting
crown over heads of King and Queen, seated beneath canopy, each
holding sceptre and orb; beneath, 1689. IDOLOLATRIA SERVITVTE
PROFLIGATIS RELIGIONE LEGIB. LIBERTAT. RESTITVTIS. Silver. Size
2·15. By G. Bower.

This medal is the official coronation-medal of William and Mary. It was struck in gold and presented to those who had taken part in the ceremony.

338. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., wearing
breastplate with name of Jehovah in Hebrew. WILHELMVs TERTIVs
ANGLIÆ VINDEX (chronogrammatic). _I. S._ (monogram) _FECIT_.
_Rev._ King crowned and holding sceptre and orb, kneeling
facing on globe and looking l. towards Eye of Providence in
clouds. DEO JUDICE; in ex., PRÆSAGIUM ARAUSIONENSE. 1665. MAG.
BRITANNIA IMPLEVIT 11/21 APRIL. 1689. Silver. Size 2·25. By J.
Smeltzing.

The reverse alludes to an extraordinary prodigy, which happened on 6 May, 1665. The Parliament and people of Orange being assembled in the Circus to hear a proclamation from the Prince upon their delivery from the oppressions of France, a crown was seen to form itself gradually in the air, and to settle immediately over the throne which had been prepared for the Prince. This phenomenon was witnessed by over 8000 persons.

339. Another. _Obv._ Busts jugate r. of King, in armour, and
Queen draped, both laur. GULIELM. REX MARIA REGINA F. D. P.
A. I. SMELTZING. _Rev._ Orange tree intertwined with rose and
thistle, and bearing shield, arms of Britain; on either side,
are James and Father Petre, driven out in different directions
by lightning from clouds, each accompanied by snake of discord.
James drops his crown and sceptre, and Father Petre carries
infant Prince with toy-windmill and pyx; above, ITE MISSA
EST; in ex., INAUGURATIS MAIESTATIBUS. EIECTO PAPATU. EXPULSA
TYRANNIDE. BRITANNIA FELIX. 1689. Silver. Size 1·9. By J.
Smeltzing.

ITE MISSA EST are the words used in the Church of Rome at the dismissal of the communicants after the celebration of the Mass. They here refer to the dismissal of James and the Roman Catholics. (See also No. 286.)

340. Another. _Obv._ Busts jugate r. crowned of King, in
armour, and Queen draped. GVLIELM. ET MARIA D. G. M. B. F.
&c. _Rev._ Belgic lion resting one foot on Bible, and with
the other trampling on serpent; on ground, prostrate column
inscribed, MAG. CART.; fleet approaching TORBAY; above,
BRITANNIA. IN TVITIONEM RELIG. PROTES. Silver. Size 1·7. Dutch.

The reverse symbolises Holland defending the Protestant religion and the Magna Charta of England, and indicates the arrival of William as the means employed for that purpose.

341. Another. _Obv._ Busts, face to face, of King laur., in
armour and cloak, and Queen draped. MAIUS PAR NOBILE SCEPTRIS;
in ex., G. HENR. ET MAR. PR. AUR. M. BRIT. R. 1689. _Rev._
Britannia welcoming Belgia; same as obverse type of No. 328.
Silver. Size 2·3. Dutch.

342. Another. Festival at Amsterdam, 1689. _Obv._ King and
Queen seated facing, crowned, and in royal robes: each holds
sceptre and orb. GVILHELMVS ET MARIA REX ET REGINA. CORON.
APR. 11/21 1689. _Rev._ The Captain, Lieutenant, and Ensign of
the City Guard of Amsterdam standing facing; above, arms of
city; around, inscription in Dutch, stating that "on the day of
the coronation the guard was kept by the company of Barnard
Muikens." Silver. Size 2·35. Cast and chased. Dutch.

During the celebration of the coronation festivities at Amsterdam, the protection of that city was committed to the company of the City Guard under the command of Capt. Barnard Muikens, Lieut. John Althusius, and Ensign Sylvester van Tongeren.

343. Peace restored to Britain, 1689. _Obv._ Busts jugate r.
of King, laur. and in armour, and Queen draped. GVILIELMVS
ET MARIA REX ET REGINA BRITANNIÆ. P. H. M. _Rev._ Britannia
holding scales and cross, cap of Liberty on pole and
cornucopiae, seated beside prow of ship, beneath rose and
orange trees intertwined within crown. AVREA FLORIGERIS
SUCCRESCUNT POMA ROSETIS; in ex., SECURITAS BRITANNIÆ
RESTITUTA. 1689. P. H. M.; on edge, EXTERNO MALE PRESSA IUGO
BRITANNIA PRIDEM IN PRISCAS ITERUM RESPIRAT LIBERA LEGES. (F.
K.) Silver. Size 2·15. By P. H. Müller.[23]

[23] Philip Heinrich Müller, born at Augsburg 1653, was by trade a goldsmith. At an early age he practised die-cutting, and was employed by F. Kleinert and K. G. Lauffer of Nuremberg to execute medals. He appears to have worked for several years at Nuremberg, and afterwards to have returned to his native city, where he died in 1718.

This medal represents England at peace, reposing under the protection of William and Mary, symbolised by the rose and orange trees.

One of the series of medals issued at Nuremberg by F. Kleinert and K. G. Lauffer, the Chief Warden of the Mint of that city. In this work a large number of foreign as well as native medallists was employed.

344. William and Mary, 1689. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur.,
in armour and cloak. INVICTISSIMVS GVILLELMVS MAG. _B. K._
(monogram) _F._ _Rev._ Bust of Queen l., draped. MARIA D. G.
MAG. BRIT. FRANC. &c. I. BOSKAM F. Silver. Size 2·35. By J.
Boskam.

Probably struck in Holland about the time of the coronation. Jan Boskam, the artist, executed a large number of medals for William. He subsequently worked at Berlin, where from information supplied by his medals he was still residing in 1705.

345. Another. _Obv._ Similar; type varied; bust not laur.
GVLIELMVS D. G. ANGLOR. SCOT. FRANC. &c. _Rev._ Similar; type
varied. MARIA D. G. ANGLOR. SCOTOR. FRANCOR. &c. Silver. Size
2·45. Dutch.

346. Fortunes of Rebellion, 1689. _Obv._ Hydra, one head
crowned, trampling on sword and scales. NUMERO NON IURE
VALEBAT; below, ANNO NOVI DOMINI PRIMO. _Rev._ Female figure,
with two heads, standing on globe perforated by serpent: one
side of figure, with boar's head, holds axe and looks towards
the Tower, dated 1684; the other, with human face (William),
holds crown and looks towards Whitehall, dated 1689. ILLE
CRUCEM, HIC DIADEMA TULIT. Silver. Size 1·9. Dutch.

The Hydra represents the promoters of revolution trampling on Justice and authority. On the reverse are compared the fates of Monmouth and William: the former executed in 1684; the latter crowned in 1689. A boar's head langued is the crest of the Argyll family.

347. Toleration Act, 1689. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., in
armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS REX ANGL. SCOT. FRANC. ET HYBERN.
PATRIÆ DECVS ANGLIÆ PRÆSIDIVM. P. H. M. _Rev._ Britannia
crowned and trampling on chains, grasping r. hand of William,
and accompanied by Religion with Bible and cross, and Liberty
with scroll, inscribed _Test_, &c.; near William, Belgic lion.
TE SERVATORE NON SERVIMVS; in ex., RESTITUTORI BRITANNIÆ. 1689;
on edge, REGIA, CREDE MIHI, RES EST, SUCCURRERE LAPSIS. (F. K.)
Silver. Size, 1·9. By P. H. Müller.

Executed at Nuremberg to commemorate the passing of the Toleration Act, 24 May, 1689, establishing a complete freedom of worship in England to all religious sects except the Roman Catholic. (See also No. 343.)

348. Rebellion in Ireland. Relief of Londonderry, &c., 1689.
_Obv._ On pedestal, bust of William r., crowned by Pallas and
Plenty; distant view of Londonderry and ships advancing to
relief of city: pedestal inscribed, WILHELM. MAXIMUS IN BELGICA
LIBERATOR IN BRITANNIA RESTAURATOR. _Lib: Londonderry_ 1689.
_Rev._ On pedestal, bust of Louis XIV., crowned by Gallia
and Germany, who holds burning city: in the distance, towns
besieged: pedestal inscribed, LUDOVIC. MAGNUS IN GERMANIA
BARBARUS IN GALLIA TYRANNUS. _Obs. Mogunt. et bona._ Silver.
Size 1·75. By J. Boskam.

Commemorative of the relief of Londonderry, July 1689, and the loss to Louis XIV. in the same year of the cities of Mayence and Bonn.

349. Another. Danish Auxiliaries, 1689. _Obv._ Fleet at sea. B.
M. _Rev._ A CHRISTIANO V. MISSVM WILHELMO III. AVXILIVM VII.M.
MILITVM. MDCLXXXIX. B. M. Silver. Size, 1·7. By B. Meier.

Commemorative of a compact, 25 Aug. 1689, between William and Christian V. of Denmark, by which the latter agreed to furnish William with 6000 foot and 1000 horse, who were to receive the same pay as like soldiers of the English army. These were despatched to Ireland and rendered good service to William. This medal was executed in Denmark by Barthold Meier, the chief medallist of Christian V.

350. William called to Ireland, 1690. _Obv._ Bust of King r.,
in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. &c.
IAN LUDER FECIT. _Rev._ Neptune rising from sea, and Ireland
with nymph on rock supplicating Jupiter to overthrow Phaethon.
NISI TU QUIS TEMPERET IGNES. Silver. Size 2·25. By J. Luder.

William, in consequence of earnest petitions, left London 4 June, 1690, to take the chief command of the army in Ireland to oppose James.

351. Departure of William for Ireland, 1690. _Obv._ Bust of
King r., laur., in cloak. GULIELM. III. D. G. BRIT. REX, &c. I.
S. _Rev._ Eagle flying towards land, bearing olive and orange
branches and sceptre, fleet approaching shore. ALIS NON ARMIS;
in ex., TRAIECTUS IN HIBERNI. LOND. 4/14 IUN. 1690. Silver.
Size 1·9. By J. Smeltzing.

William landed at Belfast 14 June, 1690, with a small but well-disciplined army.

352—353. Mary, Regent, 1690. _Obv._ Bust of Queen r., draped.
MARIA II. D. G. MAG. BR. FR. &c. _Rev._ Full moon above
landscape. EX NOCTE DIEM. Silver and copper. Size 1·9. By J.
Croker.[24]

[24] Johann Crocker or Croker, a native of Dresden, born 1670, was first apprenticed to a jeweller, but, having a desire to travel, he visited Holland, and afterwards England, where he practised die-sinking. He made such progress in his art, that in 1704 he was appointed chief engraver to the Mint, a post which he held till his death in 1741. His medallic portraits of the Royal family of England during that period are very numerous.

On 7 May, 1690, Parliament passed the Regency Bill, providing that whenever William should go out of England, it should be lawful for Mary to administer the affairs of the kingdom in his name and her own.

354. Another, and Action off Beachy Head, 1690. _Obv._ Heads of
King and Queen jugate r., laur. GULIELM. R. MARIA REGINA F. D.
P. A. I. S. _Rev._ Mary l., crowned and holding trident and
cornucopiae: in the distance, ships under repair and prisoner
conducted to the Tower. DISSIPAT ET REFICIT; in ex., REGINÆ
REGENTI. MDCXC. Silver. Size 1·45. By J. Smeltzing.

This medal was struck after the battle off Beachy Head, 10 July, 1690, when Mary ordered the repairing and refitting of the English and Dutch fleets, and committed Admiral Lord Torrington to the Tower. (See next medal.)

355. Another. _Obv._ Bust of Louis XIV. r., in armour and
cloak. INVICTISSIMVS LVDOVICVS MAGNVS. _Rev._ Naval engagement;
in front, Louis XIV., as Neptune, in naval chariot, brandishing
trident; on car, I. S. (monogram). MATVRATE FVGAM: ILLI
IMPERIVM PELAGI. (cf. Virg. Aen. i. 141—142); in ex., PVGNA AD
BEVES ANG. BAT. Q. VNA FVG. D. X. IVL. 1690. Silver. Size 2·85.
French.

Commemorative of the naval action off Beachy Head, 10 July, 1690, in which the combined English and Dutch fleets under Admiral Lord Torrington were defeated by the French under Tourville. For this defeat Lord Torrington was committed to the Tower; but with a severe censure acquitted.

356. Battle of the Boyne, 1690. _Obv._ Bust of King r., in
armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN.
&c. IAN LUDER FECIT. _Rev._ Bellona, with spear and shield,
watching battle in the distance; cavalry pursuing enemy; to r.,
city, above which DVBLINS VICTIS AC FVGATIS HIBERNIS. Silver.
Size 2·25. By J. Luder.

Commemorative of the battle of the Boyne, 11 July, 1690. The cavalry charge represented on the reverse was led by William himself and decided the fate of the engagement.

357. Another. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ King on horseback l.,
commanding; in background, battle. IACOB (James II.) and LAUSUN
are fleeing. WALKER dead in the midst of the fight on one
side, and SCHOMBERG dead on the field on the other. APPARUIT
ET DISSIPAVIT; in ex., LIBERATA HIBERNIA. MDCLXXXX. I. LUDER
FECIT. Silver. Size 2·25. By J. Luder.

Incidents of the battle of the Boyne. Lausun commanded the French auxiliaries, and when he saw the day was lost counselled James to fly. Marshal Schomberg, and Walker the defender of Londonderry, were both killed.

358. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., in armour and
cloak. GVILH. III. D. G. MAG. BRI. FRAN. &c. R. A. F. _Rev._
William on horseback r., fording river at the head of his
cavalry; enemy flying. ET VULNERA ET INVIA SPERNIT; in ex.,
EIICIT IACOBUM; RESTITUIT HIBERNIAM. MDCXC. Silver. Size 1·9.
By R. Arondeaux.

This medal commemorates William's charge at the head of his cavalry: in the attack he had to ford the river Boyne, which was deep and dangerous.

359. Entry of William into Dublin, &c., 1690. _Obv._ King on
horseback l., commanding at battle, &c.; same as reverse of
No. 357. _Rev._ King standing r., near tripod, and presenting
cap of Liberty to Hibernia, kneeling; in the distance, James
flying, &c. FOCOS SERVAVIT ET ARAS; in ex., EXPULS. GAL. ET
REBEL. DUBLIN. TRIUMPHANS INTRAVIT. Silver. Size 2·25. By J.
Luder.

Commemorative of William's triumphal entry into Dublin after the battle of the Boyne, 16 July, 1690. This medal, by calling the Irish rebels, gave great offence even to the partisans of William.

360. Flight of James II. from Ireland, 1690. _Obv._ Bust
of James l., draped, with bag-wig. IACOBUS II. BRITAN. REX
FUGITIV. _Rev._ Stag with winged feet running l., and looking
back. PEDIBUS TIMOR ADDIDIT ALAS. (Virg. Aen. viii. 224); in
ex., FUGIT EX HIBERNIA. D. 12. IULII. 1690. S. N. Silver. Size
1·9. By J. Smeltzing.

From the field of the battle of the Boyne, James fled first to Dublin, and from thence to Waterford and Kinsale, where he embarked for France.

361—362. Amnesty in Ireland, 1690. _Obv._ Bust of King r.,
laur., draped. WILH. III. D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. &c. G. H. _Rev._
King, crowned by Victory, presents olive-branch to Hibernia
kneeling. HIBERNIA RESTITVTA. MDCXC; on edge, ARMIS IVNGIT AMOR
NVNC TERTIA REGNA DVOBVS. Silver-gilt and silver. Size 1·55. By
G. Hautsch.

Commemorative of the declaration of amnesty, which William issued upon his arrival in Dublin.

363. Mary Regent, 1691. _Obv._ Heads jugate r., of King and
Queen laur. GULIELM. R. MARIA REGINA. F. D. P. A. I. S. _Rev._
Lioness l., trampling on snakes, near cave occupied by three
cubs; lion departing. TE ABSENTE TUEBOR; in ex., REGI REDUCI.
Silver. Size 1·45. By J. Smeltzing.

In Jan. 1691 William quitted England for Holland, leaving the Queen Regent. The three kingdoms are represented by the cubs.

364. William's Return to Holland, 1691. _Obv._ Bust of King
r., laur., in armour and cloak. GULIELM. III. D. G. BRIT. R.
AR. PR. BELG. GUB. _J. S._ (monogram). _Rev._ Sun rising on
coast of Holland; sea covered with shipping. RECREO DUM REDEO.
MDCXCI. Silver. Size 2·3. By J. Smeltzing.

William's return to Holland revived the spirit of the Dutch.

365. Return to Holland and Rejoicings at the Hague, 1691.
_Obv._ King and suite in open boat r.; horseman approaching it.
QUID METUAS CÆSAREM VEHIS; in ex., REGI GUILHELMO PER GLACIEM
NUBILA ET SYRTES REDUCI. _Rev._ Belgia and Muse witnessing
fireworks; in the distance, triumphal arch, &c. IO TRIUMPHE;
in ex., D. F. A. REGE RECCRTO (sic) 5 _feb^r._ 1691. D. KOENE.
Silver. Size 1·8. By D. Koene.

After a very stormy passage, William landed on the coast of Holland in an open boat. On approaching the shore, a countryman rode into the water to inquire who they were, but the horseman, being an old servant of the King, at once recognised his master. Great rejoicings and displays of fireworks took place upon William's entry into the Hague.

366. Triumphal Entry into the Hague, 1691. _Obv._ Bust of King
r., laur., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. MAGNUS FID.
STAT. _Rev._ Triumphal arch, with semicircular advancing wings,
enclosing two obelisks. REG. GUILELMO ET ATAVIS PRINC.; in ex.,
TRIUMFHOS (sic) REGIOS ET PATRIOS, &c. COSS. HAGIENSES IN FORO
POSUERUNT. M.S. Silver. Size 2·85. By M. Smeltzing.

This triumphal arch was erected in the market-place at the Hague. Martin Smeltzing was the younger brother of J. Smeltzing. He lived at Amsterdam, and executed medals for William III. of England, Charles III. of Spain, and Augustus II. of Poland.

367. William III. and Louis XIV. contrasted, 1691. _Obv._
William in Roman dress, holding sword and standard with
Christian monogram and cap of Liberty resting on globe: on l.,
shields of England, Scotland, and Ireland, arms, &c.; on r.,
harpies flying. HIS ARMIS TRIA REGNA PARAT; in ex., GUILELMUS
III. LIBERATOR FLORENS. _Rev._ Louis XIV. in Roman dress,
decrepit, leaning on sword composed of coins, which rests on
bomb-shell; above, lightnings; in the distance, Mons in flames
and state carriage of Louis, followed by women. UNAM SIC
OCCUPAT URBEM; in ex., LUDOVICUS XIIII. OPPRESSOR DECREPITUS.
Silver. Size 2·05. Dutch.

William is represented as the successful protector of Religion and Liberty, and as expelling the Harpies of Discord from the British Isles; Louis as a decrepit oppressor, leaning on the emblems of bribery, returning from Mons, and followed by his mistresses. Louis is said to have obtained possession of Mons by bribery.

368. Congress of the Allies, 1691. _Obv._ Jupiter seated in
the midst of the Gods, in council. INGENTES ANIMO DIGNAS IOVE
CONCIPIT IRAS CONCILIUMQVE VOCAT; in ex., CONVENTUS FŒDERAT.
PRINCIP. PRÆSIDE GUILIELMO III. R. BRIT. HAGÆ COMIT. CELEBR.
1691. P. H. M. _Rev._ Mars and Concordia joining hands over
lighted altar, inscribed SAL. PVBL.; behind, Salus. CONSILIO
CONCORDIA ET FORTITVDINE. P. H. M.; on edge, REX REGVM CONSVLTA
DEVS FORTVNET VBIQVE (chronogrammatic). F. K. Silver. Size
1·95. By P. H. Müller.

During William's visit to Holland a congress of Princes of the chief States of Germany was held at the Hague, to arrange plans for resisting France. William presided at the meetings. (See No. 343.)

369. Rebellion in Ireland: Battle of Aghrim, 1691. _Obv._ Busts
jugate r., laur., of King in armour and cloak, and of Queen
draped. GULI. ET MARIA D. G. M. BRIT. FR. &c. I. SMELTZING.
F. _Rev._ Battle-scene, cavalry engaged. HIBERNIS GALLISQ.
DEVICTIS; below, on pedestal, PUGNA AD AGHRIM. XXII. IUL.
MDCXCI. S. N. Silver. Size 2·2. By J. Smeltzing.

On 22 July, 1691, General Ginckel attacked and defeated the Irish and French troops under St. Ruth near the Castle of Aghrim. St. Ruth was among the slain.

370. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., in armour and
cloak. WILHEM. (sic) III. D. G. ANG. SCO. FRANC. &c. F. D. W.
N. C. A. P. _Rev._ Lion r., trampling on prostrate dog, and
clawing fugitive cock. SIC UNO FERIT UNGUE DUOS; in ex., IACOBO
ET LUDOVICO HIBERNIA PVLSIS AD AGRIM. 1691. Silver. Size 2. By
F. D. Winter.

The Lion (England) overthrows the Irish dog and drives from Ireland the French cock, much damaged.

This medal is the work of F. D. Winter, who was one of the engravers of the Mint during the reign of William, for whom he executed several medals. The letters N. C. A. P. may be the initial letters of Neale Custos Artifex Primus, the chief official of the Mint receiving the titles of Master and Worker. This office was filled by Thomas Neale from 1688—1698.

371. Taking of Athlone, Galway, and Sligo, 1691. _Obv._ Busts
jugate r., laur., of King in armour, and Queen draped. GULIELM.
REX MARIA REGINA. F. D. P. A. I. SMELTZING. _Rev._ Shield of
Ireland and three medallions murally crowned, &c., of ATHLON.
XXX. IUN: X. IUL.; GALLOWAY D. XXVI. IUL: V. AUG.; SLEGO D.
XV. XXV. SEPT., all attached to lance, surmounted by cap of
Liberty. ARMIS NOMINISQ. TERRORE; in ex., MDCXCI. Silver. Size
1·95. By J. Smeltzing.

This medal commemorates the successful sieges of Athlone, Galway, and Sligo, all three cities falling into the hands of General Ginckel, who commanded for William in Ireland. The double dates are of the old and new styles.

372. Taking of Limerick, 1691. _Obv._ Busts of King and Queen
jugate r., laur., same as No. 369. _Rev._ Fame flying r.,
bearing wreath, palm, and mural crown; on ground, cannon,
flags, &c.; in the distance, Limerick bombarded. NON HÆC SINE
NUMINE DIVUM. (Virg. Aen. ii. 777); in ex., LIMR. CAPT. HIB.
SUBACT. M. OCT. MDCXCI. Silver. Size 2·2. By J. Smeltzing.

The surrender of Sligo was followed by that of Limerick, 2 Oct. 1791, after a siege of nearly a month.

373. Suppression of Rebellion in Ireland, 1691. _Obv._ Bust of
King r., laur., in armour and cloak. GVILIELMVS III. D. G. MAG.
BRIT. FRAN. &c. IAN LUDER FECIT. _Rev._ Hercules destroying the
Hydra. FOECUNDAM VETUIT REPARARI MORTIBUS HYDRAM. Silver. Size
2·8. By J. Luder.

After the battle of the Boyne one stronghold after another fell so fast into the hands of William and his generals, that before the end of the year Ireland was subdued. William is here likened to Hercules, who destroyed the heads of the Hydra so rapidly that they could not recover themselves.

374. Pacification of Ireland, 1691. _Obv._ Bust of King r.,
laur., draped. WILH. III. D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. &c. G. H. _Rev._
Fame flying r., accompanied by genii bearing six shields, with
plans or views of the captured cities, WATERFORT, ATHLONE,
LIMRICH, KINSAL, LONDONDERY, and GALOWAY; beneath, William
commanding at a battle; beyond, views of DROGHEDA and DVBLIN;
in ex., RESTITVTORI HIBERNIÆ. MDCXCI; on edge, ANNORVM GESTA
DVORVM CERNIS QVID PLVRES FACIENT. Silver. Size 1·6. By G.
Hautsch.

The Pacification of Limerick, which immediately followed the surrender of that city, terminated the Irish war.

375. Another. _Obv._ Busts jugate r., laur., of King, in armour
and cloak, and Queen draped. GULI. ET MARIA D. G. M. BRIT. FR.
&c. _D. Trapentier f._ _Rev._ Lion l., trampling on Hydra;
spaniel fawning at feet of lioness; distant view of city,
and sea with ships. PARCERE SVBIECTIS ET DEBELLARE SVPERBOS.
(Virg. Aen. vi. 854); in ex., HIB. PACATA CIϽϽCXCI; on edge,
ET REGNARE PARES ET MIRÈ SE INTER AMARE. Gold. Size 2·1. By D.
Trapentier.

This medal alludes to the attitude of the Jacobite party in England and Ireland; the lion and lioness representing the King and Queen. It was executed in Holland by D. Trapentier or Drapentier, who resided chiefly at Dordrecht.

376. William's throne established, 1691. _Obv._ England,
Scotland, Ireland, and Orange, the two first crossing sceptres,
standing around obelisk, decorated with medallion of William
and crowned shield, arms of King. GUILEL. IIII. (sic) REGN. R.
_Rev._ King in Roman dress, holding out sword, from the handle
of which are suspended four crowns. QUATUOR EX UNO. Silver.
Size 1·8. Dutch.

Commemorative of the conclusion of the war in Ireland, when William's sword established his dominion over the three kingdoms, and the Principality of Orange.

377. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., in armour and
cloak; above, rays; beneath, shield, arms of William, with
supporters, crowned between laurel-branches. WILHELMUS III. D.
G. BRITANNIARUM IMPERAT. D. K. _Rev._ Four warriors, England,
Scotland, Ireland, and Holland, defending orange-tree; defeated
enemies flying, and distant fleets engaged. CAUSA DEI EST; on
edge, REGNA MARI TERRAQUE TEGIT TEGITURQUE VICISSIM. Silver.
Size 1·45. By D. Koene.

Tranquillity being secured in Ireland, the power of William was now supported by the four countries protecting the orange-tree.

378. Literary Prize-medal, 1691. _Obv._ Busts jugate r., of
King, laur., in armour and cloak, and Queen draped. GVL. &
MARIA D. G. M. BR. FR. &c. D. DRAP. _Rev._ King in Roman
dress, seated, holding labarum; before him, Minerva, presenting
medals to poets; behind, Fame, with shield inscr., EXP. BRIT.;
in the background, rostral column. LIBERAL. REG. IN ERUDITOS;
on edge, GLORIA ET FELICITAS NOVI SÆCULI. Gold. Size 1·8. By D.
Trapentier.

These medals were presented by William to the poets, who distinguished themselves in celebrating the expedition to Britain.

379. War with France: Battle of La Hogue, 1692. _Obv._ Busts of
King and Queen jugate r., laur., same as No. 369. _Rev._ Naval
action, French ship sinking. ASSERTA MARIS IMPERII GLORIA;
in ex., GALLORUM CLASSE DELETA D. XIX. XXIX. MAJI. MDCXCII.
Silver. Size 2·2. By J. Smeltzing.

The battle of La Hogue extended over five days, 19—24 May, 1692. Admirals Russell and Almonde commanded the combined English and Dutch fleets, and Admiral Tourville the French. In this action the French fleet was utterly defeated. Few ships were taken; but those which fled were pursued into their ports and completely destroyed.

380. Another. _Obv._ Busts jugate r., of King, laur., in armour
and cloak, and Queen draped. GULI. ET MARIA. D. G. M. BRIT.
FR. &c. R. ARONDEAUX F. _Rev._ Warrior l., holding trident
surmounted by wreath, and leaning on shield bearing united
hands; he is seated on lion and unicorn; shield of France
lying at his feet; naval action in the distance. GALLIS OCEANO
EXPULSIS A CLASSE BRITANNO-BATAVICA. MDCXCII. Gold. Size 1·9.
By R. Arondeaux.

381. Another. _Obv._ Admirals Russell and Almonde in naval
car r., inscribed with their names, one holding trident with
broom attached, the other, sword; in the distance, view of
BARFLEUR, naval action, and LOUIS XIIII, with trident escaping
on sea-shell drawn by frogs. PSEUDO NEPTUNO MARI EIECTO. _Rev._
Same as preceding medal. Silver. Size 1·9. By R. Arondeaux.

The English and Dutch admirals are here represented as sweeping Louis XIV. and his fleet off the sea.

382. Another. _Obv._ Similar to preceding; view of Barfleur
omitted and Louis dropping his trident. DIVUMQ. SIBI POSCEBAT
HONOREM. (Virg. Aen. vi. 589); in ex., PSEUDO NEPT. OCEAN. EXP.
PUGN. AD BARFL. MDCXCII. _Rev._ The blowing up of "Le Soleil
Royal;" on stern of it, Sun and NEC PLURIB. IMP. _Leg._ NVNC
PLVRIBVS IMPAR; in ex., BRIT. BATQ. VIRTVTE. MDCXCII. Silver.
Size 1·4. By R. Arondeaux.

The "Soleil Royal," so called because it was decorated with the emblem and motto of Louis XIV., bore Admiral Tourville's flag at the battle of La Hogue; it was so much damaged in the engagement that it was run on shore at Cherbourg and afterwards burnt to the water by Admiral Delaval. It was the finest war-ship in Europe. The reverse legend is a retort upon Louis's motto NEC PLVRIBVS IMPAR.

383. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., in armour and cloak.
GVILIELMVS III. D. G. MAG. BRITT. FR. &c. _B. K._ (monogram)
_F. Rev._ Naval action; in foreground, French cock flying
before lion and unicorn. IMPERIVM PELAGI NOBIS; in ex., INCENSA
GALL. CLASSE ANG. ET BAT. VICTORES. MDCXCII. Silver. Size 2·1.
By J. Boskam.

This medal is a retort upon Louis XIV., who in July 1690, after the battle off Beachy Head, claimed the empire of the sea. (See No. 355.)

384. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., in armour and cloak.
GULIELMUS III. D. G. M. BRIT. FRANC. &c. _Rev._ Neptune l.
in car, striking with his trident one who has assumed his
appearance and equipage. SIMILI PŒNA COMMISSA LUUNTUR. (cf.
Virg. Aen. i. 140); in ex., MIHI SORTE DATUM. (Virg. Aen. i.
143.) Silver. Size 2·85. By J. Luder.

William is here represented as Neptune, punishing Louis, who had claimed the empire of the sea.

385. Taking of Namur by the French, 1692. _Obv._ Bust of Louis
XIV. r., laur., in armour and cloak. LVDOVICVS MAGN. GALL. REX
PIVS AVG. S. _Rev._ Louis XIV. on horseback r., accompanied by
his staff, receiving the surrender of the garrison of Namur;
city and army of the Allies in the distance. AMAT VICTORIA
TESTES; in ex., NAMVRCVM EXPVGNAT. SPECTANTE AVRIACO ET BAVARO
CVM CENT. ARMATOR. MILLIB. XXX. IVN. MDCXCII. Silver. Size
2·35. French.

Namur surrendered to Louis XIV. 30 June, 1692, in the sight of William and the Duke of Bavaria, who arrived at the head of an army of 100,000 men too late to relieve the city. This medal is one of the historical series of Louis XIV. (See No. 401.)

386. Battle of Steinkirk, 1692. _Obv._ Bust of Louis XIV. r.,
laur., in armour and cloak. LVDOVICVS MAGNVS REX CHRISTIANISS.
R. _Rev._ French soldier striking prostrate foe, whom he holds
by cravat amid standards, &c. on field of battle. VIRTVS
PEDITVM FRANCORVM; in cx., PVGNA AD STENKERCAM. MDCLXXXXII.
MOLART F. Copper. Size 2·85. By Joseph Roettier and Molart.

On 3 August, 1692, by means of false information, William hoped to surprise the French under Luxembourg and to drive them from their position at Steinkirk. The project miscarried chiefly through the misconduct of Count Solmes, who failed to support the English guards, and the Allies were compelled to retreat with the loss of 7000 men.

387. Execution of Grandval, 1692. _Obv._ Bust of King r.,
laur., in armour and cloak. INVICTISSIMVS GVILLELMVS MAG. _B.
K._ (monogram) _F. Rev._ Monument, on which executioner gives
the _coup de grâce_ to malefactor; on either side, poles and
gallows with quarters and head of offender: monument inscribed,
BARTHELEMI DE GRAND VAL. AVRO LVDOVICÆO PERCVSSOR EMTVS
GVILELM. III. M. BRIT. REGVM (sic) FRVSTRA PERFODER. CONATUS,
&c.; in ex., XIII. AVG. MDCXCII. Silver. Size 2·35. By J.
Boskam.

Grandval, a French captain of dragoons, was engaged to shoot William with the knowledge and sanction of James and Louis. He was caught in the camp of the Allies and executed.

388. Battle of Landen, 1693. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ Falcon
pouncing upon a heron, who receives it upon its beak: in the
distance, view of towns and battle. FORTI SIC VICTOR VINCITVR
ART.; in ex., XXIX. IVL. MDCXCIII. I. BOSKAM F. Silver. Size
2·3. By J. Boskam.

The heron when hard-pressed receives the falcon on its beak: so William, attacked by Luxembourg at Landen, resisted the onslaught so successfully that although victorious the French general was compelled to abandon the original plan of the campaign.

389. Another. _Obv._ Bust of Louis XIV. r., in armour and
cloak. LVDOVICVS MAGNVS REX CHRISTIANISSIMVS. R. _Rev._ Trophy
of flags and arms, surmounted by laurel-wreath. CAESA HOST. XX.
MILL. TORMENTA BELL. CAPT. LXXVI. SIGNA RELATA XC.; in ex., DE
FOEDERATIS AD NERVINDAM. MDCXCIII. MOLART F. Copper. Size 2·7.
By Joseph Roettier and Molart.

The French commemorative medal of the battle of Landen.