Chapter IV: Introduction: Sidenote: ARRANGEMENT (3)

John Lambert, parliamentary general and statesman, born 1619, distinguished himself at Marston Moor and Naseby; was the leader of the "Fifty monarchy men," and opposed the Restoration; aft. banished to Guernsey, where he died 1692.

171. Sir Robert Bolles, 1655. _Obv._ Bust l., wearing armour
and scarf; on arm, T. RAWLINS F., 1655. ROB. BOLLES DE SCAMPTON
IN COM. LINCOL. BARONET. No reverse. Wreath-border. Lead. Size
1·75. Cast and partly chased. By T. Rawlins.

Sir Robert Bolles, born 1619, was one of the Grand Jury for the trial of the Regicides, and represented Lincoln in Parliament; mar. 1637 the dau. of Sir Edward Hussey, of Hannington, Linc.; died 1663.

172—172. Sir Henry B. Slingesby, 1658. _Obv._ Half-length
figure, facing, in armour. _Inner legend._ AN EARNEST PENNY FOR
MY CHILDREN. THO. H. B. SLINGESBY OXON. 1644. _Outer legend._
EX RESIDVIS NVMMI SVB HASTA PIMMIANA LEGE PRÆDATI IVXTA
DAVENTRIAM. _Rev._ Shield, arms and crest of Slingesby impaling
Belasyse. _Beheaded June ye 8: by O: C: 1657._ Engraved.
Silver-gilt; and silver, with 1658 correct date. Oval. Size
1·85. Cast; with ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

Sir Henry Slingesby, Bart., commanded in the North for the King, and after the surrender of York made his way to Oxford with a portion of his army; but being attacked on the road near Daventry by a company of rebel horse, he lost all that he had. Shortly afterwards, being made prisoner he was confined at Hull, and being brought up to London was executed on Tower Hill 8th June, 1658. At Oxford he resided with Sir William Parkhurst, Master of the Mint, which may account for the execution of this medal intended as an "earnest penny" for his three children.

173. Henry Scobell, 1649. _Obv._ Bust l., in doublet. _Rev.
Hen. Scobell_, engraved. Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. By
T. Simon.

Henry Scobell appointed Clerk of Parliament in 1649, again in 1653, and for the third time in 1654: and Clerk of the Council 1656.

174. John Thurloe, 1653. _Obv._ Bust r., wearing cap and
doublet; on arm, T. S. _Rev._ Double florid monogram of _J.T._:
beneath, _Secr. Thurloe_. Gold. Size 1·3. Cast and chased; with
ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

John Thurloe, born 1616, filled numerous offices of State; appointed Secretary of the Council 1652, and Secretary to Cromwell 1653; suspected of treason, was imprisoned, but released at the Restoration. Died 1668.

175. Sir James Harrington, 1653. _Obv._ Bust l., in armour and
cloak; on arm, T.S. _Rev._ Inscription with name and offices of
Harrington Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. By T. Simon.

The Reverse inscription states that Sir James Harrington of Sweakley was general of the forces of London and Westminster at the battle of Newbury 1644, and member of Parliament for Rutlandshire, and one of the Council of State, 1653. Harrington, born in 1609, was a strong supporter of the Parliament, by which he was much employed; was pardoned at the Restoration and retired into private life.

176. Bulstrode Whitelock, 1653. _Obv._ Bust l., in robes of
office; on arm, T.S. _Rev._ Inscription in Latin with name and
offices of Whitelock. Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. By T.
Simon.

The Reverse inscription relates that in 1653 Bulstrode Whitelock was keeper of the Great Seal of England, Constable of Windsor Castle, and High Steward of Oxford. He filled many other offices during the protectorate, and was a commissioner of the Great Seal in 1659. Died 1676.

177. Unknown portrait, 1653. _Obv._ Bust l., in cap, doublet,
and deep collar; on arm, T.S. Reverse plain. Silver. Size 1·35.
Cast and chased. Unique. By Thomas Simon.

178. Solicitor General Coke. _Obv._ Bust of Coke l., in doublet
with double row of buttons, &c.; wreath-border. _Rev. Sol. Gen.
J. Cooke._ Engraved. Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased.

J. Coke, distinguished lawyer, was made Solicitor-General by the High Court of Justice to conduct the trial of the King; afterwards appointed a judge in Ireland, executed as a Regicide in 1660.

CHARLES II. 1649—1684.

179. Badge, 1649. _Obv._ Jugate busts of Charles I. and Charles
Prince of Wales r., in armour, &c.; the King crowned. CAR. REX
M.B.F. ET H. CAR. PRINCEPS. T.R. (in monogram). _Rev._ Same as
obverse. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with
rings for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

Probably worn by the partisans of the King and Prince. Extremely rough work.

180. Another. _Obv._ Bust of Prince Charles I., in decorated
armour, &c. _Rev._ Royal shield within Garter; above, crown.
Silver. Oval. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with rings for
suspension.

181. Coronation at Scone, 1651. _Obv._ Bust of King r.,
crowned, in collar and robes of the Garter. CAROLVS 2. D. G.
SCO. ANG. FRA. & HI. REX FI. DE. _cor. 1. ia. scon. 1651._
_Rev._ Lion rampant gardant holding thistle. NEMO ME IMPVNE
LACESSET. Gold. Size 1·2. Cast and chased.

Charles II. was crowned by the Scots at Scone 1 Jan. 1651.

182. Restoration expected, 1660. _Obv._ Bust of King r., hair
long, wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAGNÆ BRIT. &c.
_Rev._ Sun rising out of sea: above, on scroll, ORIAR. Lead.
Size 1·3. Struck. By T. Simon.

This medal expresses the hopes and expectations of the Royalists that the Sun of the Stuarts would again rise.

183. Another. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ Three crowns on branches of
leafless oak: above, sun dispersing clouds. TANDEM REVIRESCET.
Silver. Size 1·35. Struck: hollow. By T. Simon.

184. Badge, 1660. _Obv._ Similar. CAROLVS SECVNDVS; _engraved_.
_Rev._ Similar to preceding, but entirely engraved. Silver.
Oval. Size 1·4. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

A cheap badge probably worn by the Royalists at the Restoration.

185. Another. Similar: bust of King, crowned. Silver. Oval.
Size 1·35. Cast and chased.

186. Another. _Obv._ Similar to No. 184. _Rev._ Royal shield
within Garter; above, crown between C.R. Silver-gilt. Oval.
Size ·95. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

The reverse is in imitation of engraving.

187. Another. Similar: bust of King, crowned. Silver-gilt.
Oval. Size ·95. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

188. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King, three quarters l., head
bare, wearing medal, &c. CAROLVS SECVNDVS; _engraved_. _Rev._
Similar to No. 186. Silver. Oval. Size .95. Cast and chased;
with ring for suspension.

189. Charles I. and II., 1660. _Obv._ Bust of Charles I., three
quarters r., in doublet and lace collar. CAROLVS D. I. _Rev._
Bust of Charles II. facing, in doublet and wearing medal,
&c. CAROLVS D. II.; field on both sides damasked with roses.
Silver. Size 2·7. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter van Abeele.[12]

[12] Pieter van Abeele lived at Amsterdam, and was probably a pupil of Jerian Pool. Van Abeele's most famous work is a medal in commemoration of the granting of arms to the city of Amsterdam in 1342 and 1488. He also executed medals for William II. and III. of Orange, Gustavus Adolphus, &c. His medals are of repoussé work and chased, the two sides being united by a rim.

This medal consists of two plates united by rim, and was executed by Peter van Abeele, during the residence of Charles in Holland.

190. Charles II. and William III. of Orange, 1660? _Obv._
Bust of King, three quarters r., hair long, in armour, &c.,
and wearing George. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAGNÆ BRIT. &c. _Rev._
William III. of Orange, on horseback r.; distant view of river
and city. WILHELMVS III. D. G. PRINC. AVRAICÆ COM. NASS. E^{C}.
Silver. Size 2·7. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter van Abeele.

In the same style as the previous medal. From the youthful appearance of William this medal could not have been executed after 1660. It was probably issued, like the following one, upon the King's leaving Holland.

191. Reward for services, 1660. _Obv._ Bust of King, facing
r., wearing armour, &c. CAROLUS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. ET
HIB. REX. _Rev._ Three crowns within branches of laurel and
palm. PROPTER STRENVITATEM ET FIDELITATEM REBVS IN ADVERSIS;
chain-border. Gold. Size 2·9. Cast and chased; has had ring for
suspension. Dutch.

This medal is unique, and was evidently given by Charles to some faithful adherent.

192. Embarkation at Scheveningen, 1660. _Obv._ Same as No. 190.
_Rev._ Fleet under sail: above, Fame with trumpet and scroll
inscribed, SOLI DEO GLORIA; beneath, inscription in Dutch
giving date of departure from Scheveningen, 2nd June 1660, and
around, IN NOMINE MEO EXALTABITUR CORNU EIUS. PSAL. 89; on
edge, PA. F. Silver. Size 2·75. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter
van Abeele, whose monogram is on the edge.

Of the same fabric as No. 190. Charles sailed from Scheveningen for England 2nd June 1660 (N. S.), with his court, on board the Naseby, the name of which ship was then changed to that of the Royal Charles.

193. Landing at Dover, 1660. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing
armour, &c., within branches of laurel; around, legend with
date of arrival in London, "1660 DIE 29 MAII." _Outer legend._
CAROLUS II. D. G. MAGN. BRITANN. &c.: _I.R._ (Monogram.)
_Rev._ Ship approaching shore, on which England, Scotland and
Ireland, personified, with three crowns, sceptre, and sword,
await its arrival: above ship, star and eye of Providence, in
the distance, Dover Castle. SI DEUS EST CUSTOS QUIS MEUS HOSTIS
ERIT. Silver. Size 2·25. Struck. By John Roettier.[13] It may
be considered the first of the large series of medals executed
by him.

[13] The head of the Roettier family "the family of Medallists" was one John Roettier a native of Antwerp and a goldsmith by profession, who had three sons, John, Joseph, and Philip. During the residence of Charles II. in Holland, John the eldest brother was presented to him as an eminent medallist, and upon his coming to England soon after the Restoration he was appointed one of the engravers to the Mint having Thomas Simon as his colleague, who retired from his post in 1664. John Roettier then became one of the Chief Engravers to the Mint, and with him was associated his brother Joseph, and somewhat later his younger brother Philip, as in 1669 we find that by letters patent July 3rd, 1669, John, Joseph, and Philip Roettier were appointed His Majesty's Engravers at the Mint with a yearly allowance of £450 during their natural lives. In 1672, through the death of Varin, Joseph Roettier by Colbert's influence, obtained the appointment of Chief Engraver at the Mint at Paris, and in 1678 Philip Roettier quitted England and went to reside in Flanders, the coinage of that country during that period showing many traces of his work, which is inferior in style to that of his elder brothers. In 1690 upon the death of G. Bower, James, the eldest son of John Roettier, was associated with his father at the Mint; but in 1694 having played tricks with a portrait of William III., which he was executing for a new copper coinage, he was dismissed, and going to France found employment at the Paris Mint. Norbert his brother, who does not appear to have been regularly employed at the London Mint, having abstracted some of the dies for fraudulent purposes, fled in the following year also to France, and like his brother obtained an appointment at the Paris Mint. He also executed a large number of medals for the Stuart family (v. Stuart Medals, p. 60). The inquiry which followed this scandal resulted in the dismissal of John Roettier, who died in 1703, and was buried in the Tower.

The King landed at Dover on the 26th of May 1660 (O. S.) and on the 29th following made his public entry into London.

194. Restoration, 1660. "Gigantomachia." _Obv._ Bust of King
l., wearing robes and collar of the Garter. CAROLVS II. DEI
GRATIA MAG. BR. &c. _Rev._ Jupiter, in clouds, carried by
eagle, destroying with thunderbolt prostrate giants: _G.
Bower F._; ornamented border. Silver. Size 2·5. Struck. By G.
Bower.[14]

[14] George Bower, or Bowers, as he signs himself on his later medals, was appointed one of the engravers to the Mint after the Restoration, a post which he filled till his death in 1690. He executed a large number of medals for the Royal Family, and also for private individuals, which are characterized by skill and execution.

Charles is here represented as Jupiter demolishing his foes, a probable allusion to the execution of the Regicides.

195. Another "Felicitas Britanniæ," 1660. _Obv._ Bust of King
r., wearing armour and cloak. CAROLVS SECVNDUS D. G., MAG.
BRIT. &c. _Rev._ Peace laureate, with scales and fasces, and
accompanied by Minerva and Hercules presenting olive-branch to
Britannia seated on sea-shore; behind, Fame: above, Genius with
palm. FELICITAS BRITANNIÆ. 29 MAII. 1660; _incuse_. Silver.
Size 3·3. Struck. By John Roettier.

The intention of the medallist is to show that the Restoration was effected under Providence by wisdom and fortitude, and that it produced to Britain justice, plenty and peace. (See also No. 197.)

196. Another. _Obv._ Head of King r., laureate. CAROLVS
SECVNDVS DEI GRATIA MAG. BRI. &c. _Rev._ Britannia holding
spear and shield, seated on sea-shore, and contemplating her
navies. FAVENTE DEO; in ex., BRITANNIA; on edge, CAROLVS
SECVNDVS PACIS ET IMPERII RESTITVTOR AVGVSTVS. Gold. Size 2·2.
Struck. By John Roettier.

This and the next medal are without date. They appear, however, to commemorate the Restoration, but were not executed till several years afterwards. It is generally supposed that they were struck at the conclusion of the treaty of Breda, 31st July, 1667; but that is not possible, for Pepys in his diary under date 26th Feb. 1667, in speaking of this medal, says: "At my goldsmith's did observe the King's new medal where in little there is Mrs. Stewart's face as well done as ever I saw any thing in my whole life, I think: and a pretty thing it is that he should choose her face to represent Brittannia by." Mrs. Stuart, afterwards Duchess of Richmond, was one of the beauties at the court of Charles II. (See No. 245.)

197. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., wearing armour and cloak.
AVGVSTISS. CAROLO SECVNDO P. P. _I. R._ (monogram). _Rev._
Hercules, Minerva, Peace, and Mercury (with features of the
King) assembled around altar, behind which stands Prudence,
leaning on shield with figure of Britannia, &c.: Plenty reposes
in the foreground. NVLLVM NVMEN ABEST. (_Juv. Sat._ x. 365.)
BRITANNIÆ. Gold. Size 2·4. Struck. By John Roettier.

For explanation of reverse see note to No. 195. The shield held by Prudence being ornamented with a very rough copy of the reverse type of the previous medal, it may be therefore concluded that this medal was executed at the same time or shortly after that one.

198—199. Coronation, 1661. _Obv._ Bust of King r., crowned,
wearing robes and collar of Garter. CAROLVS II. D. G. ANG. SCO.
&c. on shoulder, T. S. _Rev._ King seated l., holding sceptre,
crowned by Peace. EVERSO MISSVS SVCCVRRERE SECLO. XXIII. APR.
1661. Gold and silver. Size 1·1. Struck. By T. Simon.

This medal was made for distribution among those attending at the coronation.

200—201. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., laureate, wearing
robes and collar of Garter. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c.
_Rev._ Oak-tree in full leaf, with three crowns among the
branches; above, sun. IAM FLORESCIT. 23 APR. 1661. Gold and
silver. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

This medal is by T. Simon, and must have been hastily produced. It was probably issued for distribution to the King's servants, as there is an item in one of Simon's accounts for two in gold supplied to the King's cooks. As No. 182 expressed an expectation that the royal oak would revive, so this declares that it has.

202. Marriage, 1662. _Obv._ Bust of Catherine of Braganza
l., hair drawn back, and wearing coronet, &c. INFANTA DONA
CATHERINA; _engraved_. _Rev._ Two orange trees, their stems
intertwined. Silver. Oval. Size 1. Cast and chased; with ring
for suspension.

As Catharine here wears the Portuguese dress, which before her marriage she changed for that of the English Court, this badge must have been produced soon after her arrival in England.

203. Another. _Obv._ Busts of King and Queen facing each other;
the King laureate; the Queen wearing coronet. CAROLVS II. ET
CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. G. B. _Rev._ Fame with trumpet
and olive-branch. QVANTVM SAT ERIT HIS DICERE DIGNVM. ANO
1662. G. B. Silver-gilt. Size 2·05. Struck. By G. Bower.

Struck on the marriage of Charles with Catharine of Braganza, dau. of John IV., King of Portugal, 29th May, 1662.

204. Another. _Obv._ Busts of King and Queen jugate r.; Queen
slightly draped. CAROLVS II. ET CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c.
_Rev._ Jupiter with eagle, and Venus, behind whom Cupid; all in
clouds. MAIESTAS ET AMOR. Silver. Size 1. Struck. By G. Bower.

205. Marriage Badge, 1662. _Obv._ Bust of King r., crowned, in
armour, cloak, &c. CAROLVS II. D. G., MAG. BRIT. &c. _Rev._
Bust of Queen l., draped, wearing coronet, &c. CATHARINA D. G.,
MAG. BRIT. &c. Silver. Oval. Size 1·7. Struck. By G. Bower.

206. Charles II. and Catharine, 1662, "The Golden Medal."
_Obv._ Bust of King r., laureate, in armour and cloak. CAROLVS
II. DEI G. MAG. BRI. &c. _Rev._ Bust of Queen r., draped, hair
ornamented with pearls. CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Silver.
Size 1·65. Struck.

This fine medal was executed by J. Roettier, and is probably the "Golden Medal" commemorated by the poet Waller.

Our guard upon the royal side
On the reverse, our beauty's pride!
Here we discern the frown and smile
The force and glory of our isle.

207. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laureate, in armour and
cloak. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. G. B. _Rev._ Bust of
Queen r., draped, wearing coronet. CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT.
&c. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. By G. Bower.

208. Cession of Dunkirk, 1662. _Obv._ Head of Louis XIV. r.
LUDOVICUS XIIII. REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. J. MAVGER F. _Rev._
Female figure (Dunkirk) kneeling and presenting keys of the
city to Louis in Roman military dress; behind, galley and
shield, arms of Dunkirk, &c. DUNKERCA ACQUISITA. XXVII.
OCTOBRIS. MDCLXII. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By J. Mauger.

Dunkirk was sold by Charles II. to Louis XIV. for the sum of four millions of livres. This is one of a large series of historical medals of the French King.

209—210. Naval Reward, 1665. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laureate,
in mantle. CAROLVS SECVNDVS D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. _Rev._ King
in Roman military dress viewing naval action from shore.
PRO TALIBVS AVSIS. Gold and silver. Size 2·4. Struck. By J.
Roettier.

This medal was specially struck to commemorate the naval victory over the Dutch, 3rd June 1665, for presentation to the officers engaged: but bearing no date it was used for a reward for other victories during the war of 1665—1667.

211. James, Duke of York. (Victory over the Dutch, 3rd June
1665.) _Obv._ Bust of the Duke of York r., in armour and cloak.
IACOBVS DVX EBOR. ET ALBAN. DOM. MAGN. ADMIRALLVS ANGLIÆ, &c.
_J. Roetti._ F. _Rev._ Naval engagement, English High Admiral's
ship in foreground. NEC MINOR IN TERRIS. 3. IVNII. 1665.
Silver. Size 3. Struck. By J. Roettier.

James, Duke of York, encountered the Dutch fleet, under Admiral Opdam off Lowestoft on 3rd June, 1665, and after a terrible battle, in which Opdam was killed, the Dutch were compelled to retreat.

212. Dominion of the Sea, 1665. _Obv._ Bust of King r., draped
and laureate. CAROLVS II. D. G. M. BR. &c. _Simon._ _Rev._ King
as Neptune holding trident in naval chariot l., drawn by four
sea-horses: fleet in the distance. ET PONTUS SERVIET. 1665.
Silver. Size 1·05. Struck.

This beautiful medal is supposed to be the last work of Thomas Simon. It commemorates the dominion of the sea obtained by England by the victory of 3rd June, 1665, over the Dutch.

213. Action at Bergen, 1665. _Obv._ View of Bergen: naval
action in harbour: in foreground, G. POOL. _Rev._ Inscription
in Dutch within oak-wreath. Silver. Size 2·1. Struck. By Jerian
Pool.

The reverse inscription narrates that the Earl of Sandwich having entered Bergen harbour on 10th August, 1665, with 15 men of war, &c., was compelled, under the fire of the Dutch, to cut his cables and take to flight.

214. Proposed Commercial Treaty with Spain, 1666. _Obv._ Bust
of King r., laureate, in fringed mantle. CAROLVS SECVNDVS
DEI GRATIA MAG. BRIT. &c. _Rev._ Statue of King in Roman
military dress on pedestal near sea crowded with ships. REDEANT
COMMERCIA FLANDRIS. 1666. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. By J.
Roettier.

This medal expresses a wish that the preliminaries of a commercial treaty, which was being negotiated with Spain for the free passage of the Scheldt, might be brought to a successful termination.

215. Naval engagement, 11—14 June, 1666. _Obv._ Naval
engagement. PVGNANDO. _Rev._ Inscription in Latin within
laurel-wreath, to which are attached the shields of the Seven
United Provinces alternately with their bundles of seven
arrows. Silver. Size 2·75. Struck. By Jerian Pool.

The Reverse inscription states that this medal is a memorial of the successful engagement of four days, 11—14 June (N. S.), 1666, between the Dutch and English fleets, the latter being defeated with heavy losses. The engagement took place off the North Foreland, and is memorable for its long duration and the desperate courage with which it was fought on both sides. The English fleet was commanded by Monk and Prince Rupert and the Dutch by De Ruyter.

216. Plague and Fire of London, 1666. _Obv._ Shrine with
crucifix between vineyard and cornfield; above, radiate name
of Jehovah; in the midst, shepherd feeding sheep, a tranquil
river, and in front, St. Paul shaking viper from his hand.
MERA BONITAS. _Rev._ City, one half in flames, the other under
storm of rain; in front, disturbed river and Death and warrior
contending on horseback: above, eye of Providence, comets and
wind. SIC PVNIT. MDCLXVI. Silver. Size 1·35. Struck.

On the obverse are symbolized peace and plenty, the reward of goodness, with St. Paul removing the venomous scourge of the plague by fire; and on the reverse are seen pestilence and fire, the punishment of the wicked.

217. Ships burnt in the Medway and Peace of Breda, 1667. _Obv._
Burning of ships in the Medway. Legend in Dutch stating that by
order, Sir Michael, son of Adrian Ruyter, attacked the ships
of war in the river near Chatham, burnt and sank them, &c.
_Rev._ Peace with olive-branch and cornucopiae seated on arms
between shields, arms of United Kingdom, France, Denmark, and
Sweden on one side, and those of the United Provinces on the
other: beneath shields, genii: above, scroll inscribed, SOLI
DEO GLORIA; below, another with date of proclamation of Peace,
6 Sep., 1667, &c.: on edge, PA. Silver. Size 2·8. Repoussé. By
Pieter van Abeele, whose monogram is on the edge.

In spite of conferences having been opened at Breda to negotiate a treaty of peace, De Witte despatched a fleet to the Nore, which, after burning Sheerness, advanced as far as Chatham and destroyed the shipping. Shortly afterwards a treaty with the Dutch was signed at Breda on 31st July, 1667, and proclaimed on 6th September following.

218. Peace of Breda, 1667. _Obv._ Belgia with sceptre
terminating in an open eye and spear with the sheaf of arrows
attached, trampling upon Discord; at her feet, lion and lamb:
in the distance, ships burning, &c. MITIS ET FORTIS: in ex.,
PROCVL HINC MALA BESTIA REGNIS. IUN. 22. 1667. C. A. _Rev._
Peace holding sword and wreath, caduceus and cornucopiae,
trampling on arms and crown: above, hand from cloud holding
shields of Great Britain and Holland: in the distance, merchant
vessels: on scroll, IRATO BELLUM PLACATO NUMINE PAX EST; in
ex., REDIIT CONCORDIA MATER BREDÆ. IUL. 31. A^o. 1667: shield,
arms of Breda: edge with inscription stating that this medal
was struck by permission of the States of Holland and West
Friesland, &c. Silver. Size 2·8. Struck. By C. Adolfszoon.[15]

[15] Christoffel Adolfszoon, a Dutch medallist who worked during the second half of the 17th century, is best known by a medal, which he executed of Michael de Ruyter. His work is coarse, but characteristic of Dutch medallic art of that period.

The issue of this medal by authority of the States gave great offence to Charles, who took the motto HINC MALA BESTIA to apply to himself. Remonstrances were made, a formal apology received, and the dies destroyed. This medal was however one of the grounds of offence in the declaration of War against the Dutch in 1672.

219. Another. _Obv._ Peace, holding olive-branch and
cornucopiae, burning implements of war; under her feet,
prostrate soldier; behind, Cupid with arrow. BELLO AB ANGLIS
ILLATO A BELGIS FORTITER GESTO, &c.; with date, XXXI. IULII.
CIϽDCLXVII. _Rev._ Bird's-eye view of Breda; around, inscr.
commemorating treaty. Silver. Size 3·45. Cast and chased. Dutch.

220. Another. _Obv._ View of Breda from river covered with
pleasure barges; above, Fame, surrounded by genii and holding
scroll inscribed, SOLI DEO GLORIA. HET OUD BREDAAS KASTEEL,
&c. _Rev._ Ship of Peace r., propelled by favouring gales and
accompanied by Fame and Tritons: her sails decorated with the
shields of contracting parties: beneath, A^o. 1667. HIER ZEIILT
HET VREDESCHIP OP'T ZILUER IN DE ZEE, &c. Silver. Size 3·2.
Repoussé and chased; hollow. By Müller.[16]

[16] Müller, whom Bolzenthal calls "der Meister Müller," worked in Holland during the middle of the 17th century, and executed medals of repoussé work of the same style as Pieter van Abeele.

221. Another. _Obv._ An English and Dutch ship sailing side by
side with wreaths on main mastheads. _Rev._ Festoon of fruit
and flowers and wreath, to which are suspended two shields,
arms of Great Britain and Holland, &c. BRITAN. BATAV. PAX.
1667. C. A. Silver. Size 1·75. Struck. By C. Adolfszoon.

The arms of Great Britain are wrongly quartered, those of Scotland being in the 1st and 4th quarters. The same mistake occurs on No. 218.

222. Proclamation of Treaty of Breda, 1667. _Obv._ Neptune,
in sea-chariot drawn by horses, staying with his trident the
progress of a naval engagement. SIC CVNCTUS PELAGI CECIDIT
FRAGOR. (Virg. Aen. I, 158.) _Rev._ View of Breda: above, genii
with shields of Denmark, France, England and Holland, with
Sweden in centre; beneath, BREDA Den 17 Sept. 1667, G. POOL.
NULLA SALUS BELLO, PACEM TE POSCIMUS OMNES. Silver. Size 2·05.
Struck. By Jerian Pool.

In the negotiations of peace between England and Holland, Sweden acted as mediator, consequently her shield is placed in the centre as uniting those of the belligerents.

223—224. British Colonization, 1670. _Obv._ Jugate busts of
King in armour, and Queen draped, r. CAROLVS ET CATHARINA
REX ET REGINA. _Rev._ Globe with portions of all the four
continents. DIFFVSVS IN ORBE BRITANNVS. 1670. Gold and silver.
Size 1·6. Struck. By one of the Roettiers.

This medal alludes to the remarkable growth of British colonization, which as early as 1670 extended over all the four quarters of the Globe. It may however specially refer to the dowry of Queen Catharine, which laid the foundation of the British Empire in India.

The reverse inscription is a play on Virgil's line, "Penitus toto divisos orbe Britannos."

(Ecl. I. 67.)

225. Charles XI. of Sweden, Knight of the Garter, 1671. _Obv._
St. George and the dragon, r. CAROLVS XI. REX SVE. EQ. NOB.
ORD. PERISC. INAVG. 29 MAII. 1671. _Rev._ Within collar Garter
passing through two pairs of Cs crowned; in centre, star of
order. CONCORDIA REGVM SALVS POPVLORVM. Silver. Size 1·7.
Struck.

Charles XI., King of Sweden, was invested with the Order of the Garter at Stockholm, 29th July, 1668, but not installed till 29th May, 1671.

226. Battle of Solebay, 1672. _Obv._ Head of Louis XIV. r.
LUDOVICUS XIIII. REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. I. MAVGER F. _Rev._
Neptune in sea-chariot threatening Holland with his trident.
VICTORIA NAVALIS. MDCLXXII. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By J.
Mauger.

One of the series of medals of Louis XIV. The Battle of Solebay was fought on the 28th May, 1672, between the combined fleets of England and France under the Duke of York and D'Estrées, and the Dutch under De Ruyter. The battle was indecisive, but the Dutch retired.

227. Christ's Hospital, Foundation of Nautical School, 1673.
_Obv._ Bust of King r., in decorated armour and cloak. CAROLVS
SECVNDVS D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Blue-coat boy, surrounded by
Arithmetic, Astronomy, Mathematics and Mercury with their
attributes; above, genii and winds; in the distance, ships.
INSTITVTOR AVGVSTVS. 1673. Silver. Size 2·8. Struck. By J.
Roettier. This is described by Evelyn as a "glorious medallion."

In 1672, Charles II. founded a nautical school at Christ's Hospital to provide for the education of forty boys, ten of whom were annually to be placed in the sea-service. Each of them still wears the following badge.

228. Christ's Hospital Badge, 1673. Badge (plaque) with device
similar to reverse of preceding medal. Student is surrounded
by Arithmetic, Astronomy wearing petasus of Mercury, and
Mathematics with their attributes; above, two genii. AVSPICIO
CAROL. SECVNDI REGIS. 1673. Silver. Size 3·2. Struck. See
preceding.

229. Naval engagement with the Dutch, 1673. Memorial of Captain
Van Gelder. _Obv._ Shield, arms of Van Gelder and crest, &c.;
beneath, in compartment, inscr. in Dutch, "In memory of Jan
Paulz van Gelder, Captain, dead in the bed of honour, 21st Aug.
1673, aged 26 years." VAN GELDERS ZEEVOOGDS SOON, &c. _Rev._
Naval engagement: in ex., PVGNANDO. DE VADER WON DE SLAG DE
ZOON VERLOOR ZYN BLOED, &c. Silver. Size 3·05. Cast and chased;
hollow. By Jerian Pool.

A memorial of Captain van Gelder, son-in-law of Admiral de Ruyter, who was killed in the action of the 21st Aug., 1673, between the combined English and French fleets, and the Dutch.

230. Peace of London, 1674. _Obv._ William III., Prince of
Orange on horseback l.: in the distance, troops bombarding town
on the sea-shore; above, scroll entwined with orange-branch and
inscribed, VIRES ULTRA SORTEMQUE IUVENTÆ. _Rev._ Dove with palm
and olive-branch flying l., over tranquil sea; in the distance,
ships and rising sun. A DOMINO VENIT PAX ET VICTORIA LÆTA;
_chronogrammatic_. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. Dutch.

Peace between England and Holland was concluded in London in 1674. The obverse alludes to the appointment at a very early age of William as Commander-in-Chief of the army of the United Provinces and Stadtholder, and also to the capture of Naerden in 1674.

231. Marriage of William III., Prince of Orange, and Princess
Mary, 1677. _Obv._ Bust of William r., in armour, &c. GVILH.
III. D. G. PRIN. AVR. HOL. ET WES. GV. _Rev._ Bust of Mary l.,
draped, wearing pearls in hair. MARIA D. G. AVR. PRIN. NAT. DE
IORC. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck.

William III., Prince of Orange, married Mary, elder dau. of James, Duke of York, 4th Nov. 1677. This medal is supposed to be the work of Nicholas Chevalier.

232. Peace of Nimeguen, 1678. _Obv._ Gallia and Belgium, their
hands united through serpent-ring, standing before altar
decorated with imperial eagle, and inscribed, 1678. O. 20.
NEOMAGI; above, eye of Providence. GALLIA CUM BELGIO PACATA
PER ANGEIAM. _Rev._ Peace, with attributes, standing on globe
between Mercury and genii supporting shields of Spain, France,
and Holland; beneath, lie Discord and War bound; the whole
within wreath of olive-branches. Silver. Size 2·7. Struck.
Dutch.

The treaty of Nimeguen, negotiated by England between France and Holland, was concluded Aug. 1678, but not proclaimed till 20th Oct. following. Extremely coarse work.

233. Popish Plot, 1678. Details of murder of Sir Edmund Berry
Godfrey. _Obv._ Three divisions; in centre one, two monks
strangling Godfrey, above whom 1678, and two men carrying him
in sedan chair; above, their names GREENE. KELY. HILL. & BERY;
below, IVSTICE KILLERS TO HIS HO(liness); in lower division
Godfrey lying on his face, his sword passed through his body;
in upper division the Pope prompted by the Devil. ROMES REVENGE
OR S^{R}. EDMVNDBERY GODFREY MVRTHERED IN THE POPES SLAVGHTER
HOVS. Reverse plain. Pewter. Size 2·8. Cast and chased.

Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, after being strangled near the watergate at Somerset-house, was carried by his murderers in a sedan chair to Soho Square, and from thence on horseback to Primrose Hill, where they left him in a ditch with his own sword run through his body, in the position of one who had committed suicide.

234. Another. _Obv._ Bust of Godfrey r., in doublet, &c., two
hands strangling him with his cravat. MORIENDO RESTITVIT REM
E. GODFREY. _Rev._ Green strangling Godfrey in the presence of
the Pope, who holds papal bull and blesses the murderer. TANTVM
RELLIGIO POTVIT; (Lucret. Lib. I. 102); on edge, CERVICE FRACTA
FIDEM SVSTVLIT ATLAS XNS. 1678. Silver. Size 1·5. Struck. By G.
Bower.

The inscr. on the edge compares Godfrey to Atlas, who required all his strength to sustain the world, whilst Godfrey sustained the faith with a broken neck.

235. Another. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ Hill on horseback supporting
before him the dead body of Godfrey, and accompanied by another
murderer feigning drunkenness and carrying sword; in the
distance, Primrose Hill; stars shew that it is night. EQVO
CREDITE TVCRI (sic). (Virg. Aen. II. 48.) Edge as preceding.
Silver. Size 1·55. Struck. By G. Bower.

In conveying the body of Godfrey from Soho to Primrose Hill the murderers agreed that, if stopped on the road, they should pretend that they were taking home a drunken companion.

236. Another. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ The Pope's head and the
Devil's joined in one face. ECCLESIA PERVERSA TENET FACIEM
DIABOLI. Edge as on No. 234. Silver-gilt. Size 1·45. Struck.

This reverse design was a very common one at the time of the Reformation.

237. Another. _Obv._ Godfrey walking after his murder. GODFREY
WALKS VP HIL AFTER HEE IS DEAD. ERGO PARES (SVMVS on rev.);
in ex., PRO. (Protestant). _Rev._ St. Denis after martyrdom
carrying his head. DENNYS WALKS DOWNE HIL CARRYING HIS HEAD.
SVMVS (PARES, &c., on obv.) in ex., PA. (Papist). Silver. Size
1·5. Struck. By G. Bower.

Like St. Denis, who after his martyrdom picked up his head and carried it under his arm, Godfrey is represented walking after his murder, because it was asserted by some of the accused party that they had seen him walking about Primrose Hill after the stated time of his murder. The "Protestant" Saint was thus equal to the "Papist."

238. Another. _Obv._ A Janus head; Jesuit's face with cap, and
Monk's with cowl. O WHY SO FICKLE. _Rev._ Cluster of seven
heads. BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER. Silver. Size 1·4.
Struck. By G. Bower.

Great uncertainty exists in the identification of the heads on this medal. Evelyn supposes the double head to represent Titus Oates and Bedloe, and the cluster the heads of the supposed detectors of the Plot. It is quite as probable that the heads may be those of Charles, James and the five Cabal Ministers.

239. Duke of York wrecked, 1682. _Obv._ Bust of the Duke of
York r., wearing mantle. IACOBUS DUX EBORACENSIS ET ALBANENSIS.
G.B.F. _Rev._ Ship in distress off a rocky shore. IMPAVIDUM
FERIUNT. (Hor. Car. III. 3. 8.) Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By G.
Bower.

When the Duke of York was returning from Scotland with several noblemen and friends, the vessel struck on the Lemon and Oar Sandbank, off the Norfolk coast, and the Duke and all his companions narrowly escaped drowning.

240. Rye House Plot, 1683. _Obv._ King as Hercules warding off
with his hand Hydra with seven human heads; above, hand with
thunder; distant view of Windsor Castle. PERIBVNT FVLMINIS
ICTV. 1683. G.B.F. _Rev._ Shepherd seated on mound watching
flock, near which two wolves hanging on gibbet; London in the
distance; above, dove with olive-branch. DEVS NOBIS HÆC OTIA
FECIT. (Virg. Ecl. 1. 6.) Silver. Size 1·75. Struck. By G.
Bower.

Struck to commemorate the Rye House Plot. The Hydra represents the committee of six, who associated themselves for the redress of grievances, Monmouth, Lord W. Russell, Hampden, Algernon Sidney, the Earl of Essex, and Lord Howard, the seventh is the devil. The two wolves are Sidney and Russell.

241. Death of Charles II., 1685. _Obv._ Head of King r.,
wearing lion's skin. CAROLUS II. D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. _Rev._
Setting sun. OMNIA ORTA OCCIDUNT. (Sall. Jugur. II.) MDCLXXXV.
Silver. Size 1·9. Struck. Dutch.

Charles died on the 6 Feb., 1685, at the age of 55.

242. Duke and Duchess of York, 1680. _Obv._ Bust of Duke of
York r., in armour and cloak. IACOBVS DVX EBORACENSIS. G.B.F.
_Rev._ Bust of Duchess of York l., draped, &c. MARIA DVCISSA
EBORACENSIS. 1680. Silver. Size 2. Struck. By G. Bower.

James Duke of York mar. 21 Nov. 1673 Mary d'Este sister of the Duke of Modena.

243. Marriage of Prince George of Denmark and Princess Anne,
1683. _Obv._ Busts of George, in armour, and Anne, draped,
facing each other. GEORGIVS CIMBRORVM PRINCEPS ET ANNA IACOBI
DVCIS EBORACENSIS FILIA. G.B.F. _Rev._ An oak tree; on ground,
acorns. FACTVRA NEPOTIBVS VMBRAM. Silver. Size 1·45. Struck. By
G. Bower.

Prince George of Denmark mar. 17 Aug. 1683 Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, dau. of James (II.) then Duke of York.

244. Lucie de Querouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. _Obv._ Bust
r., loosely draped. LVCIA DVCISSA PORTSMOVTHENSIS. _Rev._ Cupid
seated upon globe. OMNIA VINCIT. Silver. Size 1·1. Struck. By
G. Bower.

Louisa Renée de Pennecourt de Querouaille, mistress of Charles II., received from him in 1673 the title of Duchess of Portsmouth.

245. Frances Stuart, Duchess of Richmond. _Obv._ Bust l., in
classical dress. Reverse plain. Copper. Size 2·75. Struck. This
medal appears to be the work of J. Roettier.

Frances Terese, eldest dau. of Walter Stuart, third son of the first Lord Blantyre, one of the greatest beauties at the court of Charles II., mar. 1667 Charles Lennox, fourth duke of Richmond. Died 1702.

246. Duke of Albemarle, 1660. _Obv._ Bust r., in armour. _Rev._
GEORGIVS MONKE OMNIVM COPIARVM IN ANGLIA SCOTIÆ ET HIBERNIÆ DVX
SVPREMVS ET THALASSIARCHA. ÆTA. 52. 1660. Gold. Size 1·35. Cast
and chased. By A. and T. Simon. A. Simon executed the model of
this medal and the following (Nos. 248—250), and his brother
Thomas chased them.

George Monk, born 1608, commanded in Ireland and Scotland for Parliament, was Commander-in-Chief of all the forces and High Admiral at the Restoration, when he was created Duke of Albemarle. Died 1670.

247. Another (Badge). _Obv._ Bust l., in armour and cloak.
GEORGE DVKE OF ALBEMARLE; engraved. _Rev._ Within the
Garter, shield, arms of Monk surmounted by ducal coronet;
wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·4. Cast and chased; with
ring for suspension.

248. Earl of Clarendon, 1662. _Obv._ Bust r., in Chancellor's
robes; on arm, _Th. Simon F._ _Rev._ EDOARDVS COMMES
CLARENDONIÆ SVMMVS ANGLIÆ CANCELLARIVS, &c., MDCLXII. Silver.
Size 1·7. Cast and chased. By A. and T. Simon.

Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, born 1608, was Chancellor of the Exchequer to Charles I.; at the Restoration appointed Lord Chancellor with the title of Earl of Clarendon; banished in 1667. Died 1674 at Rouen, where he wrote his "History of the Rebellion."

249. Earl of Southampton, 1664. _Obv._ Bust l., in cloak; on
arm, _Tho. Simon_. _Rev._ THOMAS COMES SOVTHAMPTONIÆ SVMMVS
ANGLIÆ THESAVRARIVS, &c. MDCLXIIII. Gold. Size 1·6. Cast and
chased. By A. and T. Simon.

Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, was much employed by the King in negotiating with the Parliament during the civil war; appointed at the Restoration Lord High Treasurer. Died 1667.

250. Another. Similar: bust with cap. Gold. Size 1·6. Cast and
chased. By A. and T. Simon.

251. Unknown Portrait, 1662 (?) _Obv._ Bust l., wearing mantle,
&c. Reverse plain. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and
chased. Probably by A. Simon.

252. Thomas Simon, circ. 1660. _Obv._ Half-length figure, three
quarters l., wearing doublet. No reverse. Silver. Oval. Size
1·75. Cast and chased.

A chasing by Stuart: the original is unknown, but was probably executed by A. Simon.

253. Abraham Simon, circ. 1660. _Obv._ Bust r., bearded,
wearing doublet and chain with medal of Christina, Queen of
Sweden. No reverse. Silver. Size 1·75. Cast and chased.

A chasing by Stuart executed about the middle of the eighteenth century from a wax model in the British Museum by A. Simon himself. Abraham Simon always wore a medal of Christina of Sweden, it having been given him by the Queen during his residence at her court.

254. Lord Berkeley, 1666. _Obv._ Bust of Berkeley r., wearing
cloak. GEORGE DE BERKELEY PAIR D'ANGLETERRE. 1666. DV FOVR.
_Rev._ Tree, around stem crown inscr. CIMBRIA; in branches,
shield arms of Berkeley with supporters; above, baronial
coronet. REGIBVS ATAVIS. (cf. Hor. Car. I. 1.) VIRTVTE NON VI.
Silver. Size 2. Struck. French by Du Four.

George, Lord (Earl) Berkeley, descended from Robert Fitzharding of the Royal House of Denmark, was 13th Lord Berkeley, succeeded to the title 1658, was privy councillor in the reigns of Charles II. and James II., and was one of those who invited William III. of Orange to England: created Viscount Dursley and Earl Berkeley 1679. Died 1698.

255. Duke of Lauderdale, 1672. _Obv._ Bust r., in armour and
cloak. _Rev._ Minerva seated r., resting her arm on shield,
arms of Lauderdale, whose helmet and crest she holds in her
left hand. Motto, CONSILIO ET ANIMIS. 1672. _Joan Rott. F._
Silver. Size 2·45. Struck. By J. Roettier.

This medal was executed when Lauderdale was created Duke in 1672. (See also No. 119.)

256. Earl of Shaftesbury, 1681. _Obv._ Bust r., in cloak.
ANTONIO COMITI DE SHAFTESBVRY. G. B. F. _Rev._ View of London,
Sun appearing from behind cloud. LÆTAMVR. 24. NOV. 1681.
Silver. Size 1·55. Struck. By G. Bower.

Anthony Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury, born 1621, created Baron Ashley 1660 and Earl of Shaftesbury 1672, was, after the Restoration, Chancellor of the Exchequer, a member of the Cabal Ministry and in 1672 Lord Chancellor. Died 1683. This medal was struck to commemorate the acquittal of Shaftesbury on the charge of high treason, 24 Nov. 1681.

257. Duke of Ormond, 1682. _Obv._ Bust r., wearing armour, &c.
IACOBVS DVX ORMONIÆ. G. BOWERS F. _Rev._ Sword and olive-branch
within ducal coronet. PRÆSIDIVM ET DVLCE DECVS. (Hor. Car. I.
2.) 1682. Silver. Size 1·95. Struck. By G. Bower.

James Butler, Duke of Ormond, general and statesman, born 1610, succeeded to Earldom, 1633, created Marquis 1642 for services in Ireland, and after Restoration advanced to a Dukedom: he was twice appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Died 1688.

JAMES II. 1685—1688.

258—259. Accession, 1685. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., in
cloak. IACOBUS II. D. G. ANG. SCO. FR. ET HI. REX. _I. R._
(monogram). _Rev._ Bust of Queen r., laur., draped. MARIA D.
G. ANG. SCO. FR. ET HI. REGINA. _I. R._ (monogram). Gold and
silver. Size 1·35. Struck. By John Roettier.

The Accession of James II. took place on 6 Feb. 1685.

260. Coronation, 1685. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._ Laurel-wreath on
cushion: above, hand from cloud holding crown. A MILITARI AD
REGIAM. INAVGVRAT. 23. AP. 1685. Gold. Size 1·35. Struck. By J.
Roettier.

This medal was the official one distributed among those present at the coronation 23 April, 1685.

261. Another. _Obv._ Same as Rev. of No. 258. _Rev._ The Queen
as Venus seated on a mound. O DEA CERTE. (Virg. Aen. I. 332.)
Gold. Size 1·25. Struck. By J. Roettier.

Like the previous medal struck and distributed at the coronation.

262. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., wearing cloak.
IACOBVS II. D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. G. B. F. _Rev._ Victory with
flaming sword and branch guarding crown on chair. TUTAMEN AB
ALTO. Silver. Size 1·7. Struck. By G. Bower.

263. Opening of Scottish Parliament, 1685. _Obv._ Head of King
r., laur. IACOBUS II. D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. _Rev._ Lion couchant
crowned holding sceptre and orb. NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSET.
MDCLXXXV. I. S. Silver. Size 1·9. Struck. By J. Smeltzing.[17]

[17] Jan Smeltzing, born at Nimeguen, worked principally at Leyden, where he incurred such blame by his satirical medals that he was compelled to seek refuge for a while in France. He was, however, allowed to return to Leyden, where he died at the end of the 17th century. Smeltzing worked for the Emperor Leopold I., Louis XIV. of France, and James II. and William III. of England, besides others. His medals were much esteemed.

The Scottish Parliament, summoned by the King, assembled on St. George's day, 23 April 1685, the day of the King's coronation. The English Parliament did not meet till 22 May following.

264—265. James and Mary, 1685. _Obv._ Busts jugate r. of King
laur., and Queen both draped. IACOBUS II. ET MARIA D. G. MAG.
BRI. &c. G. B. F. _Rev._ Sun radiate. FORTES RADII SED BENIGNI.
1685. Silver-gilt and silver. Size 2·05. Struck. By G. Bower.

This medal was probably struck about the time of the coronation.

266. Duke of Monmouth, 1685. Rebellion. _Obv._ Head of Monmouth
r., in armour. IACOBUS DUX MONUMET. FID. ET LIBERT. DEFENSOR.
_Rev._ Roman soldier attempting to tear open lion's jaw. PARUM
SUCCESSIT, FECI SEDULO. MDCLXXXV. Silver. Size 1·9. Struck. By
J. Smeltzing.

This medal was struck after Monmouth's defeat at Sedgemoor.

267. Another. Defeat, 1685. _Obv._ Bust of Monmouth r., in
armour and cloak, G. BOWERS F. _Rev._ Monmouth falling from
rock in the ocean, on summit of which are three crowns, palm
and laurel branches. SVPERI RISERE. (Ovid. Met. IV. 188.) IVLY
6^o. 1685. Silver. Size 1·95. Struck. By G. Bower.

This medal was issued after the failure of Monmouth's rebellion.

268. Monmouth beheaded, 1685. _Obv._ Bust, similar to
preceding. IACOBVS DVX MONVMETHENSIS. G. BOWERS F. _Rev._ Two
genii in clouds supporting ducal coronet, above cipher _J. E.
D. M._ (James Edward, Duke of Monmouth). CAPVT INTER NVBILA.
Silver. Size 1·95. Struck. By G. Bower.

Monmouth was executed on Tower Hill 15 July, 1685.

269. Another. _Obv._ Head of Monmouth r. IACOBUS INFELIX DUX
MONUMETHENSIS. _Rev._ Decapitated head of Monmouth on ground
spouting blood. HUNC SANGUINEM LIBO DEO LIBERATORI. CÆSA
CERVIX. LON. IULY. 15/25 1685. Silver. Size 1·45. Struck. By J.
Smeltzing.

270. Monmouth and Argyll, beheaded, 1685. _Obv._ Bust of King
l., laur., on pedestal, and resting on the four sceptres of
England, Scotland, Ireland and France, pedestal ornamented with
royal shield in Garter, crowned, and inscribed, ARAS ET SCEPTRA
TUEMUR. 1685. R. A. FEC.; in the distance, sea with ships
and Neptune in sea-chariot. IACOBVS II. D. G. MAG. BRI. &c.
_Rev._ On pedestal inscribed, AMBITIO MALESUADA RUIT, Justice
holding sword and weighing three crowns against sword, torch
and serpent; at her feet, bodies of Monmouth and Argyll, their
heads on blocks inscribed with their names: distant view of
troops destroyed by lightning, and Tower of London with heads
on spears. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. By R. Arondeaux.[18]

[18] R. Arondeaux, French medallist of the second half of the 17th century, worked in the Netherlands, and was afterwards much employed by William III.

This medal commemorates the unsuccessful invasions of Monmouth and Argyll, both of whom were defeated, captured and beheaded, Monmouth in London, 15 July, 1685, and Argyll in Edinburgh 30 July following.

271. Naval or Military Reward, 1685. _Obv._ Bust of King r.,
wearing mantle. IACOBVS II. DEI GRA. ANG. SCOT, &c. J. R.
(monogram). _Rev._ Trophy of arms; in the distance, naval
engagement. GENVS ANTIQVVM. Silver. Size 2·5. Struck. By J.
Roettier.

Struck for a naval or military reward and distributed after the defeats of Monmouth and Argyll.

272. King's conduct towards the Church, 1688. _Obv._ Pedestal
inscribed BRITANNIA; on it, dove, chalice, wafer, rosary
and mitre, and in centre, Bible surmounted by cap inscribed,
LIBERT.: above, hand from cloud with scroll, inscribed, C.
FAGELII EPISTOLA EFFLAGITATA A I. STEWARDO. 1687. _Leg._
LIBERTAS CONSCIENTIÆ HOC MONILI ORNATA. _Rev._ Dog wearing
rosary swallowing book with M. I. (Magnum Juramentum) trampling
on another with L. C. (Libertas Conscientiae) and throwing down
from column ornamented with serpent-band a third with S. R. P.
(Salus Religionis Protestantis) and seals T. P. (Test and Penal
Laws). RES IMMODERATA CUPIDO EST. MDCLXXXVIII. Silver. Size
2·3. Struck. By J. Smeltzing.

Tho Obverse represents the religious toleration of Britain; the Mitre of the Church of England, the chalice, wafer, and rosary of Rome, and the dove of the Nonconformists having the free Bible in their centre. The inscribed scroll refers to the engagement by James of James Steward, a Scottish lawyer, to write letters to the Pensionary Fagel with a view to induce William and Mary to approve the abolition of the Test and Penal Laws. The Reverse symbolizes James devouring his coronation oath, trampling on the liberty of conscience, and removing the Test and Penal Laws, which sealed the safety of the state.

273. Trial of the Seven Bishops, 1688. _Obv._ Bust of Sancroft
r., in robes and skull cap. GVIL. SANCROFT ARCHIEPISC. CANTVAR.
1688. _Rev._ Medallions with portraits of the six Bishops; in
centre, another of Bishop of London: stars in field. G. B. F.;
on edge, SI FRACTUS ILLABATVR ORBIS IMPAUIDOS FERIENT RUINÆ.
(Hor. Car. III. 3. 8.) Silver. Size 2. Struck. By G. Bower.

The Bishops who were committed to the Tower for opposing the declaration of indulgence issued by James, were Sancroft of Canterbury, Lloyd of St. Asaph, Ken of Bath and Wells, Turner of Ely, Lake of Chichester, White of Peterborough and Trelawny of Bristol; to these is added the portrait of Compton of London, who on account of his opposition to James had been suspended and removed from the Council table and Deanery of the Chapel Royal.

274. Another. Sancroft and Pleiades, 1688. _Obv._ Same. _Rev._
Seven stars, Pleiades in the midst of the starry heavens. QVIS
RESTRINGET PLEIADVM DELICIAS. IOB. C. 38. Silver. Size 2.
Struck. By G. Bower.

The seven Bishops are likened to the beneficent Pleiades.

275. Another. _Obv._ Jesuit and Monk undermining Church founded
on a rock supported by hand from heaven. THE GATES OF HELL
SHALL NOT PREVAILE. (Mat. xvi. 18.) _Rev._ Seven Medallions of
Sancroft and the six Bishops with Eng. inscr. L. AB. CAN. &c.;
over each, mitre. WISDOM HATH BVILDED HER HOVS SHE HATH HEWEN
OVT HER 7 PILLERS. (_Prov._ ix. 1.) Silver. Size 2·25. Cast and
chased. Dutch, and of very coarse work.

The Church is the Church of England undermined by the Jesuits and Monks, but protected by Heaven.

276. Another. The Bishops imprisoned, 1688. _Obv._ The White
Tower of London; in the distance, Bishops approaching, under
a guard; populace on the other side. PROBIS HONORI INFAMIÆQVE
MALIS: and in ex., names of seven Bishops with date of
imprisonment 8/18 June and liberation 15/25 June, 1688. _Rev._
Sun and moon equally balanced in scales suspended from clouds.
SIC SOL LUNAQUE IN LIBRA. Silver. Size 2·3. Struck. By J.
Smeltzing ?

The sun and moon are said to represent the King and the people equally balanced.

277. Another. Sancroft and Church, 1688. _Obv._ Bust of
Sancroft l., in robes and skull cap. GVIL. SANCROFT ARCHIEP^S.
CANT. Rev. Church on rock amidst sea, buffeted by four winds.
IMMOTA TRIVMPHANS. Silver. Size 1·2. Struck. By G. Bower.

278. Birth of Prince James, 1688. _Obv._ Royal shield and crown
supported by four genii, two of whom hold shield of Cornwall
and Prince's plume. HONOR. PRIN. MAG. BRIT. FRA. ET HIB. NAT.
10. IVN. 1688. _Rev._ Infant Prince on cushion; above, genii
with trumpets and holding scroll, inscribed, VENIAT CENTESIMVS
HÆRES: in the distance, ships, &c. Silver. Size 1·45. Struck.
By G. Bower.

Prince James (Elder Pretender) was born 10 June, 1688.

279. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., laur., draped. IACOBUS
II. D. G. BRITANNIARUM IMPERATOR. _Rev._ Queen in bed holding
infant. FELICITAS PUBLICA; in ex., inscription giving date of
Prince's birth, 20 June (N.S.) and stating that this medal was
struck by order of Ignatius White, Marq. d'Albeville, &c.,
Ambassador in Holland. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. Dutch.

Ignatius White, Marquis d'Albeville was Ambassador Extraordinary for England in Holland at the time of the Prince's birth, which he celebrated with much pomp and with splendid entertainments.

280. Another. _Obv._ Truth opening door of cabinet and
revealing Jesuit thrusting through trap child with pyx and
crown; door inscribed, IAC. FRANC. EDUARD. SUPPOSIT. 20. IUNII
1688; in distance, sea with ships. SIC NON HEREDE DEERUNT.
_Rev._ Trojan horse wearing saddle-cloth, inscribed, LIBERT.
CON^Ṣ. SINE IURAM. ET LEG. P.; on girth, ASTU; in distance,
Troy in flames. EQUO NUNQUAM TU CREDE BRITANNE. (Cf. Virg. Aen.
II. 48.) Silver. Size 2·25. Struck.

This medal was struck in Holland at the instigation of those who asserted that the Prince was a supposititious child, and that Father Petre and the Jesuits were the contrivers of the plot.

281. Another. _Obv._ Aglauros opening basket, from which
escapes Ericthonius, in distance two frightened women.
INFANTEMQUE VIDENT, APORRECTUMQUE DRACONEM. _Rev._ Drooping
withered rose-bush with two flowers; at small distance, young
sucker. TAMEN NASCATUR OPORTET. MDCLXXXVIII. Silver. Size 1·9.
Struck. Dutch.

The Prince is here likened to Ericthonius. As the Queen was by certain persons held to be incapable of bearing a child, they considered the Prince not to be of royal blood but a pretender, or as Ericthonius, to have been produced without a mother. The rosebush with two roses is symbolical of the King and Queen, and the sucker of the Prince, which springs up at such a distance that its parent stock is doubtful.

282. Antichristian Confederacy, 1688. _Obv._ Soliman III.,
Louis XIV., the Dey of Algiers, and James swearing alliance at
lighted altar, on side of which crescent above ☧; on the altar
snake. SOLIMAN III. LVDOV. XIIII. MEZOMORTO. IACOBVS II. CONTRA
CHRISTI ANIMVM. _Rev._ Three lilies supporting crescent; above,
imp in Jesuit's cap with sword and thunderbolt. IN FŒDERE
QUINTUS. 1688. Silver. Size 1·45. Struck. Dutch.