Chapter II: The White-Shouldered Marmoset. Hapale Humeralifer

_Hapale humeralifer_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 120 (1812); Bates,
Nat. Amaz., ii., p. 55 (1863).

CHARACTERS.--Face partly naked, flesh-coloured; ears fringed with long white hairs. Fore-part of body white; hands grey; hind part black, with the rump and under side reddish-tawny; tail banded with grey and black; long white hair on the shoulders. Length about 8 inches, exclusive of the tail.

DISTRIBUTION.--Mr. Bates says that this species seems to occur {134}only in the dry woods bordering the Campos in the interior of Brazil.

HABITS.--"One would mistake it," writes Mr. Bates in reference to this rare little Marmoset--the prettiest species of its family--"at first sight for a Kitten, from its small size, varied colours, and the softness of its fur. It was a most timid creature, screaming and biting when anyone attempted to handle it. It became familiar, however, with the people of the house, a few days after it came into their possession. When hungry or uneasy, it uttered a weak querulous cry, a shrill note which was sometimes prolonged so as to resemble the stridulation of a grasshopper."

III. THE WHITE-EARED MARMOSET. HAPALE AURITA.

_Jacchus auritus_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 19 (1812).

_Hapale aurita_, Kuhl, Beitr. Zool., p. 48 (1820); Schl., Mus. Pays Bas,
vii., p. 276 (1876).

CHARACTERS.--Larger than _Hapale jacchus_; ears naked, external, exposed, with a band of long hairs across the inner surface of the conch, forming a short grey tuft; tail ringed, blackish, the hair minutely punctulated with yellow or red; sides of the head, limbs, and hinder part of body blackish-brown; face more or less white; back blackish, without indication of cross-bands.

DISTRIBUTION.--Brazil.

IV. THE WHITE-FOOTED MARMOSET. HAPALE LEUCOPUS.

_Hapale leucopus_, Günth., P. Z. S., 1876, p. 743, pl. lxxii.

CHARACTERS.--Hair of back and sides moderately long, silky, brownish-grey; nape and occiput darker; face and head covered with short sparse white hair; ears large, naked, and without tufts; throat greyish-brown; under side of body and {135}inside of legs rusty-red; fore-arm, hands, and feet white--the hairs short, blackish or black, with white tips. Head and body, 11½ inches long; tail, 14½ inches. Dorsal and lumbar vertebræ together, 19.

FEMALE.--Similar to the male, but with the hairs of the upper parts silver-tipped.

DISTRIBUTION.--Medellin, in the province of Antioquia, United States of Colombia.

HABITS.--Unknown.

V. THE GOLDEN MARMOSET. HAPALE CHRYSOLEUCA.

_Hapale chrysoleucos_, Wagner in Wiegm. Arch., 1842, i., p. 357; id. in
Schreb. Säugeth., Suppl., v., p. 125 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1869, p.
594.

_Mico sericeus_, Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 256, pl. xxiv.

_Miocella chrysoleucos_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 131 (1870).

_Miocella sericeus_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus. App., p. 131 (1870).

_Hapale chrysoleuca_, Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 227 (1876).

CHARACTERS.--Ears large, naked, exposed, margined with long white hairs. General colour white; limbs, under surface, and tail, uniform greyish-yellow, or reddish-brown in some varieties.

DISTRIBUTION.--Forests of Brazil; vicinity of Borba, on the Rio Madeira.