Chapter I: The Black-Headed Uakarí. Brachyurus Melanocephalus

_Simia melanocephala_ (Cacajao), Humboldt, Obs. Zool., p. 317, pl. xxix.
(1811).

_Pithecia melanocephala_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 117 (1812); Schl.,
Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 227 (1876).

_Brachyurus ouakary_, Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras., p. 12, pl. viii.
(1823).

_Ouakaria spixii_, Gray, P. Z. S., 1849, p. 10, cum fig.

_Ouakaria melanocephala_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 62 (1870).

_Brachyurus melanocephalus_, W. A. Forbes, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 645, pl.
lxiii.

CHARACTERS.--Head and nude face-black; back, sides, thighs, upper surface of tail, and outer and inner sides of legs more or less chestnut-brown; shoulders, arms, hands, feet, and rest of tail, black. Ears large, naked, and similar in form to those in Man.

DISTRIBUTION.--Confined, so far as at present known, to the forests traversed by the Rio Casiquiare, Rio Negro, and Rio Branco. This is the most northern form of the three species of the genus, and apparently the most widespread also (see map, p. 180). This is doubtless the "black-faced, grey-haired" species, neither white nor red, which Mr. Bates was {176}assured took the place of _B. calvus_, at 180 miles northward from the mouth of the Japurá.

HABITS.--Living in the high trees of the forest, feeding on fruits; and not differing in habits from those of the other species of the genus, which are referred to below.