Chapter II: The Red Titi. Callithrix Cuprea

_Callithrix cuprea_, Spix, Sim. et Vesper. Bras., p. 23, pl. 17, (1823);
Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 54 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays Bas,
vii., p. 236 (1876); Thomas, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 394.

_Callithrix discolor_, Is. Geoffr., C.R., xxvii., p. 498 (1848); id. Cat.
Méth. Primates, p. 41 (1851); id. Arch. Mus., v., p. 551, pl. 28; Wagner
in Schreb., Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 114 (1855).

(_Plate XIV._)

CHARACTERS.--Fur soft and woolly, mixed with numerous long stiff hairs; face black; back grizzly blackish-grey in colour; tail the same but darker; the basal part and tips of the hairs grey, with an intermediate band below the tips, black; tip of the tail sometimes white; the cheeks, throat, hands, feet, legs, and the under side of the body, dark reddish bay; the ears coppery-red.

PLATE XIV.

{161}DISTRIBUTION.--This species is found throughout the whole of the Peruvian Amazons, though not in very large numbers--indeed, it is said to be rare. It has been recorded from Cashiboya on the Ucayali, and Santa Cruz on the Huallaga. Mr. O. Thomas mentions his having examined twelve specimens from the Copataza river, and one from Andoas in Ecuador. Of these he says: "The Andoas specimen, which is a male, differs from the rest in having the fur on the back of a dirty orange-grey colour, without annulations, instead of being of a bright annulated black and white. One of the others, a female, shows a tendency to this condition of the hair, which is, therefore, probably a seasonal change, as the Andoan specimen was shot in September, while the others were obtained between December and February."

III. THE WHITE-CHESTED TITI. CALLITHRIX AMICTA.

_Simia amicta_, Humboldt, Obs. Zool., i., p. 357 (1811).

_Callithrix amicta_, Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras., p. 19, pl. xiii.
(1833).

_Callithrix amictus_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 114 (1812); Gray, Cat.
Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 54 (1870).

_Callithrix torquata_, Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 235 (part, 1876).

CHARACTERS.--Agrees with the last species in the character of the fur; but the general colour is black, washed with rufous; the forehead is black; the chest has a pure white spot; the hands are white, but the feet black; the tail has the hairs entirely black throughout.

DISTRIBUTION.--Guiana.

IV. THE REED TITI. CALLITHRIX CINERASCENS.

_Callithrix cinerascens_, Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras., p. 20, pl. 14
(1823).

_Callithrix donacophilus_, d'Orb., Voy. Amér. Sud, iv., p. 10, pl. 5
(1826); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 55 (1870).

_Callithrix donacophila_, Geoffr., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 41 (1851);
Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 240 (1876).

{162}CHARACTERS.--Fur long and similar in character to that of _C. torquata_; chest and under side of body pale grey or dark reddish-grey; hands and feet grey; back of the same colour; tail mottled grey,--the hairs being grey, with black tips.

In some species the fur varies from dark grey washed with rufous, to almost white, the red wash, where it occurs, sometimes deepening, or almost vanishing.

DISTRIBUTION.--Mr. Bates observed this species at Serra dos Parentins, in the Lower Amazon Region above the confluence of the Tapajos with the Amazon. It also extends to Bolivia and Peru.

V. THE ORABASSU TITI. CALLITHRIX MOLOCH.

_Cebus moloch_, Hoffman, Mag. Gesell. Berlin, x., p. 97 (1807).

_Callithrix moloch_, Geoffr., Arch. Museum, iv., p. 33, pl. 3(1844), id.,
Ann. Mus., xix., p. 114 (1812); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 55
(1870).

CHARACTERS.--Differs from the Reed Titi in having the cheeks, chest, and belly red. Hands and feet of the same colour as the back, grey.

The cerebral convolutions of this animal are, according to M. C. Dareste, exactly those of a "Maki," or _Lemur_.

DISTRIBUTION.--Throughout Brazil.

VI. THE ORNATE TITI. CALLITHRIX ORNATA.

_Callithrix discolor_, Verreaux, M.S. (nec Geoffr.).

_Callithrix ornata_, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xvii., p. 57 (1866).

_Callithrix ornatus_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 55 (1870).

{163}CHARACTERS.--General colour black and grey, grizzled; forehead and ears white, instead of black as in _C. caligata_, or coppery-red as in _C. cuprea_; temples, cheeks, throat, under side of body, and inner side of legs, bright chestnut; hands and feet grey; tail black, with a grey tinge,--the hairs being grey, with a dark ring near the tip of each; hands and feet the colour of the back.

DISTRIBUTION.--U. S. Colombia; vicinity of Bogotá.

HABITS.--This species is arboreal, like the other members of its genus, and it is said to be nocturnal. It spends the day rolled up very much as many of the Lemurs do.