Chapter XXXV: Part I: , "Dutch Manuscripts, 1630-64;" Albany, 1865. Part II, (5)

Manuscripts: used for Massachusetts, ii, 121;
New York, 264, 329.

Maoris: have Malayan system of consanguinity, i, 68.

Marblehead: custom of bedding the bride and groom in, ii, 140.

March, Hugh and Dorcas: case of, ii, 335, 336.

Marea: divorce among, i, 245 n. 5.

Margaret of Scotland: her matrimonial adventures, ii, 57, 58.

Marianne Islands: effects of divorce in, i, 248.

Mark, St.: on divorce, ii, 20, 21.

Marriage: genesis of, i, 7;
product of social experience, 8;
origin of, according to Bachofen, 40, 41;
communal or group, 47 and n. 2, 54, 64;
rites of, alleged to arise in sexual taboo, 54;
forms of, 55-65: among lower animals, 96;
defined, 102 and n. 1;
rise of the contract of, 152-223;
by capture, so-called, 156-63;
symbolical capture in, 163-79;
by purchase, so called, 179-201;
rise of self-betrothal or free contract, 201-9;
free marriage coexisting with purchase, 209-23. (_See_
Matriarchate, Mother-right, Family.)

---- under English, German, and canon law: old English
wife-purchase, authorities, i, 253-58;
the _beweddung_, 258-72;
the _gifta_, 272-76;
rise of free marriage, 276-86;
lay contract and ceremonial accepted by the church, 287-320;
the primitive benediction and the bride-mass, 291-308;
the chosen guardian superseded by the priest, 309;
rise of ecclesiastical marriage, 309-20;
the church develops and administers matrimonial law, authorities,
321-24;
early Christian doctrine, 324;
a sacrament, i, 325;
compromise with lust, 325, 326;
declared a sacrament by the Council of Trent, 326 n. 2;
ecclesiastical authority over, 331, 334;
two degrees of, defined by Gratian, 335;
a simple consensual compact, 336;
_sponsalia de praesenti_, 337;
_de futuro_, 338;
validity and legality, 339;
clandestine, 340-49;
impediments, 351-54;
putative, 356;
child-marriages, 357-59;
banns and registration, 359-63;
Protestant conception of, authorities, 364-70;
the forms of wedlock, according to the continental reformers,
370-75;
according to the English, 376-86;
the nature of wedlock, according to the continental reformers,
386-92;
according to the English, 392-99;
child-marriages in the age of Elizabeth, 399-403;
civil, rise of, 404;
authorities on, 404-8;
origin of, in the Netherlands, 409 and n. 2;
controversy between Cartwright and Whitgift, 410-14;
the Millenary Petition, 414 n. 3, 415;
harsh law against the Catholics, 415-17;
Cromwell's ordinance, 1653, 418-35;
laws of William III. relating to license and celebration, 435-37;
in the Fleet, 437-46;
superstitions regarding marriage, 441 n. 3;
Hardwicke Act, 448-59;
merits of, 459, 460;
defects of, 460-65;
registration law of 1836, 465, 466;
celebration under 4 George IV., c. 76, 466;
license and banns under, 466, 467;
civil-marriage act of 1836, origin of, 469;
provisions as supplemented by later statutes, 470-73;
with deceased wife's sister, ii, 96-102.

---- obligatory civil, in the New England colonies, ii, 121;
authorities, 121-24;
origin of, 125-32;
first laws authorizing, 133-35;
rise of optional civil or ecclesiastical, 135-40;
no ritual prescribed, 140;
wedding customs, 140-43;
banns, parental consent, and registration, 143-51;
courtship, proposals, and government of single persons, 152-69;
adultery punished by death, 169-71;
by the scarlet letter, 171-75;
scarlet letter for incest, 177, 178;
pre-contract or betrothal, 179-81;
bundling, 181-85;
ante-nuptial incontinence, cases of sentence and confession in
Suffolk and Middlesex counties, 186-99;
influence of Jewish law on pre-contract, 199, 200;
breach of promise suits, 200-203;
marriage portions, 203;
Samuel Sewall's matrimonial thrift, 204-9;
clandestine, 209-12;
slave, 215-26.

---- ecclesiastical, in the southern colonies, ii, 227;
authorities, 227, 228;
religious celebration in Virginia, 228-32;
dissenters marry contrary to law, 232;
local administration of matrimonial law, 232, 233;
license, 233, 234;
clandestine marriages, 235;
first wedding, 235, 236;
adultery, 236;
curious marriage agreement, 237-39;
optional civil, in Maryland colony, 239-41;
rise of obligatory ecclesiastical, for Anglicans, 241-44;
miscegenation, 244;
civil marriage abolished, 244, 245;
articles of courtship, 245-47;
struggle for free civil marriage in North Carolina, 247-59;
in South Carolina and Georgia, 260-63.

---- optional civil or ecclesiastical, in the middle colonies, ii,
264;
authorities, 264-66;
law and custom in New Netherland, 267-84;
under the Duke of York, 284-96;
in New York province, 296-308;
New Jersey, 308-15;
Pennsylvania, 315-27.

---- in the New England states: authorities, ii, 388;
solemnization, 389-95;
age of consent, 395, 396;
age of parental consent, 396, 397;
forbidden degrees, 397, 398;
void or voidable marriages, 398-401;
certificate and record, 401-8.

---- in the southern and southwestern states: solemnization, 409-27;
definition, 427, 428;
age of consent, 428, 429;
age of parental consent, 429-33;
forbidden degrees, 433-35;
void or voidable marriages, 435-38;
miscegenation forbidden, 438-40;
certificate and record, 441-52.

---- in the middle and western states: solemnization, ii, 452-65;
witnesses, 465, 466;
no fixed ceremony, 466;
contract marriage in California and other states, 467, 468;
unauthorized solemnization, 468, 469;
requisites for a legal marriage, 469, 470;
definitions, 470, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 471-73;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
miscegenation forbidden, 478, 479;
marriage of paupers, epileptics, and imbeciles restrained, 479,
480;
suspension of prosecution and penalty, 480, 481;
certificate and record, 481-97.
(_See_ Family, Divorce.)

---- and the family, problems of: authorities, iii, 161-67;
function of legislation, 167-70;
common-law marriage, 170-85;
resulting character of matrimonial legislation, 185-203;
resulting character of divorce legislation, 203-23;
the function of education, 223-59.

---- _ante ostium ecclesiae_, i, 299-308.

---- certificate: to wedded pair, under Cromwell's act of 1653, i,
426, 431;
in colonial Rhode Island, ii, 149, 151 and n. 1;
Pennsylvania, 321, 322 and n. 1;
at present in the various states, 450, 451, 486, 492.

---- common-law: history of, in the various states, iii, 170-85.

---- contract: rise of, i, 152-223.

---- contracts: in New Netherland, ii, 282-84.

---- form: by the Directory, i, 417;
under Cromwell's act, 419;
under present English law, 472, 473.
(_See_ Marriage, in the three groups of states.)

---- gifts: significance of, i, 218, 219.

---- license system.
(_See_ Certificate and record.)

---- license bonds: required by Andros, ii, 136 and n. 2: in
Virginia colony, 233, 234;
Maryland colony, 239, 240;
New York province, 296 and n. 4;
in Alabama in case of persons under age, 430;
Arkansas, Indian Territory, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, 408;
Delaware, 482 and n. 1, 483;
recommended as a reform in the law, iii, 191.

---- legislation: resulting character of, iii, 185-203.

---- portions: in early New England, ii, 203-9.

---- rate: lower in cities, iii, 211;
falls in hard times, 213-15.

---- records: under law of 1653, i, 424-28;
under Hardwicke Act, 458.
(_See_ Certificate and record.)

---- rituals: character of, after Reformation, i, 375.
(_See_ Rituals.)

---- superstitions and popular errors regarding, i, 441 n. 3.

---- tax, i, 435-37.

---- by capture, so called, i, 55, 56, 57, 156-79;
existing with purchase, 179-84.

---- by exchange, i, 185, 186.

---- by purchase, i, 55, 56, 57, 58;
McLenan's theory, 85;
history of, 179-201;
surviving with free contract, 210-23;
by gifts, 218, 219.

---- by service, i, 186-89.
(_See_ Family, Divorce.)

Married Women's Property Act, English, ii, 116.

Marsh, Mrs. Job: last bride stolen in Hadley, ii, 141.

Marshall, Stephen, i, 417.

Marshall, W. E.: on the Todas, i, 81-83.

Martene, E.: his _De ritibus_ cited, i, 287, 293, 295 n. 5, 297 n.
1, 300 and n. 2, 301 n. 2, 307 and n. 1, 308.

Martial: on divorce, ii, 18, note.

Martins, C. F. Ph. v.: on marriage by service in Brazil, i, 186.

Maryland, the colony: slave baptisms in, ii, 221;
optional civil marriage and rise of obligatory religious marriage,
239-47;
separate alimony, not divorce, granted, 371-74;
question of common-law marriage, iii, 172.

---- the state: celebration of marriage in, ii, 414, 415;
witnesses, 423;
marriage of freedmen, 426;
age of parental consent, 429, 430;
forbidden degrees, 433-35;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
has dual system of banns or license, 444;
license, by whom issued, 447;
certificate to married pair, 450;
return, 449;
Quakers keep records of their marriages, 451;
legislative divorce, iii, 31-35;
judicial divorce, 55-57;
remarriage, 80;
residence, 86;
process, 89;
rejects common-law marriage, 180;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 199.

Maskell, W.: his _Monumenta_ cited, 1, 284 n. 1, 297 n. 1, 288, 301
n. 2, 304, notes, 305 n. 2, 307, notes, 311 n. 4, 312 n. 1.

Mason, O. T.: quoted, i, 250.

Masson, D.: on Quaker marriages, ii, 316.

Massachusetts, the colony and province: county courts of, had equity
jurisdiction, ii, 125 n. 1;
influence of theocracy in, 125;
first law regarding marriage celebration, 133;
commissioners to join in marriage, 133, 134, notes;
rise of religious marriage, 138 and n. 4, 195;
treatment of single persons, 154-57;
of married persons living apart, 158-61;
laws governing courtship, 164, 165;
these laws executed by the courts, 165, 166;
scarlet letter for adultery, 174-76;
for incest, 177, 178;
pre-contract, 179;
espoused wife may be punished for adultery, 180;
bundling, 183, 184;
cases of fornication before marriage, 186 n. 3;
breach of promise suits, 200-203;
clandestine marriages, 210, 211;
forbidden degrees, 212-15;
slave marriages, 216-26;
divorce during first charter, 330-39;
during second charter, 339-48;
question of common-law marriage, iii, 173.

---- the state: solemnization of marriage in, ii, 389, 390;
unauthorized celebration, 395;
age of parental consent to marriage, 396, 397;
law forbidding miscegenation repealed, 399;
survival of optional system of banns or posting, 402;
certificate and record, 403, 404;
return, 405, 406;
collection and record of statistics, 406, 407;
jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii, 4-10;
remarriage, 18;
Putnam v. Putnam, 19, 20;
residence, 22, 23;
notice, 27;
alimony, 29, 30;
rejects common-law marriage, 178, 179;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 198;
what justices may solemnize marriages, ii, 390;
iii, 190;
divorce rate, 209, 212 n. 1;
marriage rate, 215.

Maternal system of kinship: Westermarck on, i, 18;
later than paternal, according to Starcke, 18;
rejected for Indo-Germanic peoples by recent writers, 19, 20;
Dargun on, 20-23;
whether among Bomans, 32 n. 1;
Bachofen's view, 40, 41;
as evidence of promiscuity, 48;
Morgan's theory, 66;
McLennan's theory, 77-79;
the problem of, 107-17.

Mather, Cotton: cited, ii, 170, 179 n. 2.

Mather, Increase: on Vanderbosk, ii, 137 n. 3;
against marriage with sister-in-law, 213.

Matriarchate: works on, i, 37, 38;
distinguished from mother-right, 44-46;
Hellwald on, 60;
Grosse on, 60, 61.

Matthew, St.: on divorce, ii, 19, 20, 21, 24.

Maule, Justice: on injustice of the system of parliamentary divorce,
ii, 108, 109.

Mayas: marriage by service among, i, 186.

Mayfair: clandestine marriages in, i, 443.

Megapolensis, Dominie, ii, 291 n. 4, 378.

Meister _v._ Moore, iii, 178.

Mejer, O.: cited, ii, 65, notes, 171 n. 3.

Melanchthon, Philip: his liberal views on divorce, ii, 65;
favors death or exile for adultery, 66 and n. 5;
inclines to concubinage rather than allow full divorce, 71.

Melanesians: wife-capture among, i, 159;
free betrothal, 214.

Mentzer, B.: on divorce, ii, 68.

_Mercatio_: bride-price among West Goths, i, 265 n. 1.

Metellus; the Macedonian: sentiment of, regarding marriage, ii, 17.

Metrocracy, i, 44 n. 1.

Meurer, C.: on divorce jurisdiction, ii, 71 n. 1.

Mexico, ancient: only the rich in, had plurality of wives, i, 146
n. 1.

Meyrick, F.: on benediction, i, 293 n. 3, 295 n. 5, 296 n. 1, 294
n. 3;
marriage in church, 295 n. 6;
on sentiment of early theologians regarding marriage, 328, 329;
on forbidden degrees, 352, 353.

Michaelis, J. D.: on Hebrew parental authority, i, 17 n. 5.

Michigan: marriage celebration in, ii, 461, 462;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent to marriage, 472;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
allows miscegenation, 479;
marriages of persons tainted by certain diseases restrained, 479;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;
state registration, 494;
legislative divorce, iii, 96;
judicial divorce, 120-22;
remarriage, 147, 148;
residence, 154, 155;
intervention of prosecuting attorney in divorce suits, 159;
divorce statistics, 160;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202;
divorce rate, 210, 211.

Micronesians: punishment of adultery among, i, 106 n. 4;
free courtship, 214.

Middlesex county, Mass.: cases of pre-nuptial incontinence, with
confessions and penalties, ii, 189, 190, 193, 194.

Mielziner, M.: on Jewish marriage law, ii, 152 n. 2, 199 and n. 5;
the Jewish "Get," ii, 13 n. 4.

Migration for divorce, iii, 205, 206.

Milford _v._ Worcester, iii, 178, 179.

Mill, J. S.: on marriage rate, iii, 213, 214;
cited on individualism, 225 n. 1;
on woman's callings, 241;
effects of her subjection, 245 n. 2.

Mill, Mrs. J. S.: cited, iii, 239, note, 245, 247 n. 2.

Millenary Petition, i, 398, 414 n. 3, 415.

Milton, John: on Bucer, i, 411 n. 2;
the corruption of the ecclesiastical courts, 414 n. 1;
civil marriage, 433, 434;
_porneia_, ii, 20 n. 1;
characterizes Gratian and Peter Lombard, 52 n. 1;
rejects divorce _a mensa_, 61 n. 2;
use of allegorical method, 61 n. 3;
analysis of his views on divorce, 85-92;
his conception of wedlock realized in New England colonies, 127;
divorce by mutual consent, iii, 251.

Minahassers of Celebes: free courtship among, i, 215.

Minnesota: marriage celebration in, ii, 462, 463, 465;
witnesses, 265;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void or voidable marriages, 475-78;
marriage of epileptic and imbecile restrained, 480;
license, 486, 487;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
state registration, 495;
legislative divorce, iii, 97;
judicial divorce, 124, 125;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 155;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201.

Ministers as celebrants of marriage: defects in the present laws
regarding, iii, 186-89.

Miscegenation: forbidden in Maine and formerly in Rhode Island and
Massachusetts, ii, 398, 399;
in the southern and southwestern states, 438-40;
middle and western states, 478, 479;
law of Massachusetts colony on, 218;
of Maryland colony, 244;
North Carolina colony, 253.

Mishnah: on divorce, ii, 13 n. 4, 14.

Mississippi: marriage celebration in, ii, 417, 418;
requisites for a legal marriage, 424;
license essential to valid marriage, 425;
marriage a civil contract, 427;
age of parental consent, 429;
forbidden degrees, 433, 434;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 436, 437;
miscegenation forbidden, 438, 440;
license system, 447;
license bond, 448;
return 449, 450;
legislative divorce, iii, 38, 39;
judicial divorce, 64-66;
remarriage, 83;
residence, 85, 86;
process, 89;
rejects common-law marriage, 180, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.

Missouri: marriage celebration in, ii, 417, 418;
a civil contract, 427;
age of parental consent, 429, 430;
forbidden degrees, 433;
void or voidable marriages, 435, 437;
miscegenation forbidden, 438, 440;
original triple system of banns, notice, or license, 443;
present system, 447;
certificate to married pair, 450;
return, 449, 450;
celebrant's record, 451;
legislative divorce, iii, 38;
judicial divorce, 66-68;
remarriage, 82;
residence, 87;
process, 89;
guilty wife forfeits dower, 94, 95;
common-law marriage, 176;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 198.

Mohammedans.
(_See_ Islam, Arabs.)

Möllendorff, P. J. v.: on divorce in China, i, 236 and n. 1.

Moloch, the Carthaginian, i, 51.

Monogamic family: according to Morgan, i, 70;
among animals, 96, 97;
always the typical form, 150, 222, 223; iii, 224.

Monogamy: hetairistic, i, 56-58;
among lower animals, 96, 97;
the rule among Veddahs and American aborigines, 142, 143 and n. 1;
among Mohammedans, 142;
monogamy the typical form of sexual life, 150;
iii, 224, 225.

Montana: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;
witnesses, 465;
marriage by declaration, 467;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
requisites for legal marriage, 469;
definition 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
legislative divorce, iii, 98;
judicial divorce, 138, 139;
remarriage, 149;
residence, 156;
notice, 158;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 182;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.

Moore, G. H.: on slavery in Massachusetts, ii, 217, 221, 222, 223,
224-26.

Morgan, H. D.: on _porneia_, ii, 20 n. 1.

Morgan, Lewis H.: his works, i, 34, 65 n. 4;
works on, 36, 76 n. 3;
his constructive theory analyzed, 65-70;
criticism of his theory, 70-76;
his _Systems of Consanguinity_, 66, 67;
his five stages in evolution of the family and marriage,
67-70;
on origin of aversion to close intermarriage, 122;
on polygyny, 150.

Morganatic or "left-hand" marriages, i, 255, 256.

Morning-gift, i, 269 and n. 2.

Morocco: divorce in, i, 241, 243 n. 3, 244 n. 2.

Morong, i, 36.

Morris, W., and Bax, E. B.: their views on the family, iii, 230,
231.

Morton, Charles: solemnizes first religious marriage in Charlestown,
ii, 138 n. 1.

Mosquito Indians: symbolical rape among, i, 166, 167.

Mother-group, of Hellwald, i, 58-60, 102 n. 1.

Mother-right: discussion of, i, 33-89;
authorities on, 33-38;
Bachofen's view, 40-43;
distinguished from gynocracy, 44-46;
definition, 44 n. 1;
according to Hellwald, 60, 61;
according to Grosse, 60-63;
relation of totemism to, 74;
the problem of, 110-17.

Moxos: divorce among, i, 239.

Mucke, J. R.: his _Horde und Familie_, i, 37, 63-65, 71;
on alleged advantages of close intermarriage, 130 n. 2.

Muirhead, J. H.: quoted, iii, 230;
on educated women and maternity, 244, 245.

Müller, Max: his _Sacred Books of the East_, i, 4, 5;
on maternal family, 20 and n. 2.

Mulford, E.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1.

_Mund_: Kohler and others on, i, 256;
its relation to betrothal, 260 and n. 1, 261.

Mundingos, the African: divorce among, i, 226 n. 3.

_Muntschatz_, or bride-price, i, 259 n. 3.

Murdoch, John: on Point Barrow natives, i, 143 n. 1, 187 n. 3, 212
n. 3;
free divorce among, 227, 228 and n. 1.

Muscovy: wife-capture in, i, 159.

Muskogees: divorce rare among, i, 247 n. 6.

Mylitta, i, 51.

Nairs: polyandry among, i, 80, 81.

Nantes, Council of: enforces doctrine of indissolubility, ii, 39.

Naquet, A.: quoted, iii, 168 n. 2; cited, 216 n. 4.

Natchez: effects of divorce among, i, 242;
divorce rare, 247 n. 6.

Natural selection: produces exogamy, i, 131;
also polyandry, 136;
and sex of offspring, 138, 139;
its relation to sexual selection, 202, 206.

Naumann, F.: on religious duty of child-bearing, iii, 255 n. 1.

Navajo: bride-price among, i, 193;
divorce, 239.

Nebraska: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;
witnesses, 265;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 470;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
miscegenation forbidden, 479;
license, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
legislative divorce, iii, 97;
judicial divorce, 129;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 157;
notice, 158;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201.

Nevada: marriage celebration in, ii, 463, 464, 465;
witnesses, 465;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
miscegenation restrained, 479;
license, 487, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;
divorce, iii, 142, 143;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 157;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.

New Britain aborigines, i, 94 n. 1;
liberty of female choice among, 214, 215.

New Caledonia: free courtship in, i, 214.

New Guinea: wife-capture in, i, 159;
wife on credit for service, 188 n. 2;
no divorce among Papuas, 228, 229 n. 1.

New Hampshire, the province: civil marriage in, ii, 134;
scarlet letter for adultery, 172;
for incest, 178;
pre-contract, 179;
espoused wife treated as married woman, 180 n. 3;
clandestine marriages, 211 n. 4;
divorce, 348, 349.

---- the state: celebration of marriages in, ii, 391, 392;
reputed marriages, 394;
unauthorized solemnization, 395;
age of consent to marriage, 395, 396;
first cousins may not marry, 397;
former system of banns, 402;
certificate, 404;
return, 406;
collection and record of statistics, 407 and n. 6;
jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii, 10-13;
remarriage, 21;
residence, 23;
as to common-law marriage, 179;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 198;
divorce rate, 210, 212 n. 1;
license five days before celebration, 191.

Newhall, J. R.: on divorce in Massachusetts colony, ii, 332.

New Haven, the colony: influence of the theocracy in, ii, 125;
obligatory civil marriage, 135;
marriage administration, 148;
treatment of single persons, 153;
regulates courtship, 164;
espoused wife may be punished for adultery, 180;
divorce, 352, 353.

New Jersey, the colony: optional civil or ecclesiastical marriage
in, ii, 308;
act of 1668, 309;
law of the twenty-four proprietors, 309-11;
act of 1682, 311;
Church of England set up, 312;
instructions of bishop of London, 312;
act of 1719, 312, 313;
attempt of clergy to force religious marriage, 314, 315;
divorce, 385.

---- the state: celebration of marriages in, ii, 455, 456;
witnesses 466;
age of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license for non-residents, 485;
return, 491;
celebrant's record 492;
state registration, 493;
divorce, iii, 105-7;
remarriage, 146;
residence, 153;
common-law marriage, 177;
license for non-residents five days before celebration, ii, 485;
iii, 192;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.

New London, Conn.: wedding-feast at, ii, 142.

New Mexico: marriage celebration in, ii, 417 n. 4;
marriage a civil contract, 427;
age of consent and of parental consent, 428, 429;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;
favors marriage, 441;
return, 449, 450;
celebrant's record, 451;
judicial divorce, iii, 74-76;
remarriage, 82;
residence, 87;
notice, 88;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.

New Netherland: marriage laws of, influenced by those of
Guelderland, ii, 268;
civil matrimonial administration with religious celebration, 268,
269;
Stuyvesant's letter on notice of intentions, 269;
the first ordinance, 270;
half-marriage after banns, 271;
bundling, 271, 272;
form of notice on the Delaware, 273;
civil courts have jurisdiction, 273;
case of Beeck and Verleth, 274-77;
informal marriage _de praesenti_ not valid, 277;
case of Laers, 277, 278;
cases of Fabricius and Doxy, 278, 279;
adultery, 280;
breach of promise, 281, 282;
wills and contracts at second marriage, 282-84;
divorce and arbitration, 376-82.

New York, the colony: bundling in, ii, 181;
marriage law and custom in New Netherland, 267-84;
under the Duke of York, 284;
optional civil marriage, 285-87;
registration, 288;
wife-harboring punished, 288;
remarriage after long absence, 289;
case of self-marriage, 289, 290;
Avery's offenses, 290, 291;
complaints of marriages by justices, 291;
Quaker marriages, 291-94;
Dongan Act, 294-96;
law and custom in the royal province, 296-300;
question of law after 1691, 300, 301;
Lauderdale Peerage case, 301-6;
evidence of John Rodgers, 306-8;
divorce in New Netherland, 376-82;
divorce in royal province, 382-85.

---- the state: slave baptism and slave marriage, ii, 453;
solemnization, 453;
common-law marriage abolished, 454, 455;
Indian marriages, 455;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent to marriage, 472;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
substitute for license system, 484, 485;
return, 490, 491;
marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;
state registration, 495-97;
divorce, iii, 101-5;
remarriage, 102, 103, 104, 145;
Van Voorhis _v._ Brintnall, 145;
Smith _v._ Woodworth, 146;
residence, 152, 153;
notice, 158 n. 3;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
common-law marriage, 175;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201;
divorce rate, 216, 217.

New Zealand: wife-capture in, i, 159.

---- and Tasmania: divorce rate, iii, 211, note.

Nez-Percés: runaway bride among, regarded as a prostitute, i, 184
n. 2.

Niassers of Batu: no divorce among, i, 229.

Niblack, A. P.: quoted, i, 143 n. 1.

Nicaragua aborigines: divorce rare among, i, 247 n. 6.

Nicholas, Pope: his letter to the Bulgarians on marriage in church,
i, 295 n. 6.

_Nikâh al-mot'a_ marriage, i, 227 n. 1.

Nisbet, Judge: his decision in Head _v._ Head, ii, 375, 376; iii,
46-50.

_Nisi_: the decree in England, ii, 113, 114.
(_See_ Decree _nisi_.)

Niyoga, i, 84 and n. 2, 133.

Noble, John: his edition of assistants' records, ii, 332.

Nomenclatures: as basis of so-called systems of consanguinity, i,
70-73.

Norfolk's case, ii, 104, 105.

Northampton's case, ii, 80 and n. 4, 103.

North Carolina, the colony: struggle for free civil marriage in, ii,
247;
first marriage law, 249, 250;
liberty of Quakers, 250;
vestries act, establishing ecclesiastical rites, 252;
governor's license, 252;
act of 1741, 252-54;
law of 1766, 254-59;
question or common-law marriage, iii, 172.

---- the state: celebration of marriage in, ii, 415;
requisites for a legal marriage, 424;
age of consent, 428, 429;
age of parental consent, 429;
forbidden degrees, 433, 434;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
survival of dual system of banns and license, 443;
present license system, 447;
return, 449;
legislative divorce, iii, 36-38;
judicial divorce, 57, 58;
remarriage, 80, 81;
residence, 86, 87;
notice, 88;
trial by jury, 90;
alimony, property, and care or children, 91, 92-94;
rejects common-law marriage, 180;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.

North Dakota: marriage celebration, ii, 463, 464;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
divorce, iii, 142;
remarriage, 149;
residence, 156, 157;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 182;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 201.

Northwest Territory: marriage laws of, ii, 458, 459;
divorce laws, iii, 113.

"Northumbrian Priests, Law of": denies remarriage after divorce, ii,
40.

Notice to defendant in divorce suits: in New England, iii. 25-27;
southern and southwestern states, 88, 89;
middle and western states, 158.

Nugent, Mr.: on the Hardwicke Act, i, 449, 452 n. 1, 453, 454 n. 1,
455 n. 1, 458.

Nullity: decree of, equivalent to divorce under the canon law, ii,
56-59.

Oens, of Patagonia, i, 158.

Oettingen, Alexander v.: on the marriage rate, iii, 214;
restrictions on remarriage and the divorce rate, 219 n. 1;
the numerical disparity of the sexes, i, 137.

Ogle, W.: on the marriage rate, iii, 214.

Ohio: marriage celebration in, ii, 458-60;
irregular marriage, 470;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
optional system of banns and license, 483, 484;
return, 490, note, 491;
divorce, iii, 113-15;
remarriage, 147;
residence, 155;
soliciting divorce business forbidden, 160;
divorce statistics, 160;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202;
divorce rate, 209, 211.

Oklahoma: marriage celebration in, ii, 417, 418;
witnesses, 423;
requisites for a legal marriage, 424;
a civil contract, 427;
age of consent and of parental consent, 428, 429;
forbidden degrees, 433;
void and voidable marriages, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
license system, 447;
return, 449;
divorce, iii, 72;
remarriage, 83;
residence, 87;
separate alimony, 92;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 199.

Olaus, Magnus: cited, i, 159.

Old bachelors: not favored in early New England, ii, 152-57.

_Old English Homilies_: cited, i, 300 n. 1.

Old maids in early New England, ii, 157, 158, 167.

Oleepa Indians: symbolical rape among, i, 167.

Omahas, i, 144 n. 3;
elopement among, i, 167, 168;
free courtship, 212 n. 4;
effects of divorce, 242 n. 1.

Opet, O.: on legal condition of early German woman, i, 257, 263 and
n. 4;
wife-capture among Germans, 258 n. 1.

Oppenheim, O. G.: cited, i, 458 n. 2, 461 n. 2, 462, 469 nn. 2, 3,
470 nn. 1, 2.

Orator: in the nuptial ceremony, i, 281, 282 n. 2, 309.

Oregon: marriage celebration in, ii, 463;
witnesses, 465;
unauthorized solemnization, 468;
definition, 470;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
miscegenation forbidden, 479;
license, 487;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
legislative divorce, iii, 98;
judicial divorce, 133-35;
remarriage, 148;
residence, 156;
notice, 158;
intervention of district attorney in divorce suits, 159;
rejects common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.

Oregon Indians: wedding gifts among, i, 220, 221.

Origen, ii, 28 n. 4.

Orleans, councils of: enforce doctrine of indissolubility, ii, 39.

Ormulum: cited, i, 300 n. 1.

Otomis, i, 238 n. 1.

Owen, Hana: her marriage annulled, ii, 215.

Owen, Robert: his views as to marriage and the family, iii, 232-34.

Owen, Robert Dale: his views on marriage, iii, 234.

Pádams, i, 217, 218.

Pairing family, i, 89-151.

Pairing season among primitive men, i, 99, notes.

Palan Islanders: certainty of fatherhood among, i, 111.

Palfrey, J. G.: on slavery in New England, ii, 216.

Palmer, W.: on espousals, i, 283 n. 4.

Panches of Bogota: intermarriages among, i, 128.

Papuas of New Guinea: no divorce among, i, 228.

Paraguay aborigines: divorce rare among, i, 247 n. 6.

Paradox, the: regarding marriage, i, 325, 326, 329 n. 2.

Pardessus: on the betrothal, i, 274 n. 2.

Parental consent to courtship: regulated in early New England, ii,
161-66.

---- to marriage: not required for valid contract by the canonists,
i, 338;
demanded by the German Reformers, 371, 372 and n. 1;
required by Cromwell's Act of 1653, 418;
marriage by license void without, under Hardwicke Act, 459;
hardships caused by this provision, 463 and n. 4, 464.

---- to marriage in American colonies, ii, 143;
Plymouth, 144;
Rhode Island, 148-51;
New Netherland, 268, 269;
New York, 286, 287;
New Jersey, 309, 310, 313;
Pennsylvania, 318, 319.

---- to marriage in the states.
(_See_ Age of parental consent to marriage.)

Parish registers: local officers elected under the law of 1653, i,
418, 426;
duties of, well performed, 426-31.

Parish registers: the records kept during the Commonwealth, i,
404, 405, 426 and n. 3, 427-31.

Parliamentary divorce: in England, ii, 102-9.
(_See_ Divorce, parliamentary.)

Parsons, Chief Justice: his decision in Milford v. Worcester, iii,
178, 179, 185.

Parthians: temporary marriages among, i, 49.

Parton v. Hervey, ii, 462 n. 7; iii, 179 n. 1, 191 n. 2.

Patagonians: free marriage among, i, 212 and n. 4.

Patriarchal family: Maine's theory of, i, 409-13;
rejected as social unit by Morgan and McLennan, 65;
place of, in evolution, according to Morgan, 69, 70.
(_See_ Agnation, Patriarchal theory, _Patria potestas_.)

Patriarchal theory: works on, i, 3-7;
discussed, 7-32;
of Maine, 9-13;
criticised by Spencer, 14, 15;
by McLennan, 15-17;
rejected for Aryans by Leist, 23 and n. 3;
does not hold for Aryans, 18-28.

_Patria potestas_, i, 11 and n. 2;
alleged relation of Roman, to agnation, 12, 30-32;
Spencer's criticism of Maine's theory, 15;
McLennan's, 15-17;
among Peruvians and Mexicans, 19 n. 1;
only elements of, among early Aryans, 27, 28;
not among Hellenes, Celts, Slavonians, and Germans, 28-30;
whether among early Germans, 259 n. 4, 260 n. 1.

Paulus: on _consensus_, i, 292 n. 4;
on divorce, ii, 29.

Paulus Aemilius: puts away his wife, ii, 17 n. 4.

Paul, St.: on divorce, ii, 21, 22, 23.

Pawnees: free divorce among, i, 228 n. 2.

Peabody, F. G.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1, 227;
quoted, 229.

Peel, Sir Robert: his civil-marriage bill, i, 469 and n. 2, 470.

Penitentials: evidence of, as to divorce, ii, 44-46.

Penn, William: on Quaker marriages, ii, 316, 317.

Pennant: on Fleet marriages, i, 439, 440.

Pennsylvania, the colony: marriage law and custom in, ii, 315;
Quaker views of marriage, 315-18;
legislation, 318-20;
functions of council, 321;
forbidden degrees, 322;
courtship, 323, 324;
wedding customs, 324-27;
legislative divorce, 385-87.

---- the state: marriage celebration in, ii, 456, 457;
witnesses, 466;
age of parental consent to marriage, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
encourages marriage, 481;
license system, 485, 486;
self-_gifta_, 486;
return, 489 and n. 3, 491;
marriage certificate, 492;
state registration, 495;
legislative divorce, iii, 99, 100;
judicial divorce, 107-11;
remarriage, 146;
residence, 155;
notice, 158 n. 3;
common-law marriage, 177;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202;
divorce rate, 217.

Persia: marriage with a sister allowed in, i, 125.

Peschel, Oscar: on headship of woman in the family, i, 45;
horror of incest, 122.

Peters, Samuel: on tarrying, ii, 183, 184.

Peulhs of Futa-Jallon: remarriage of divorced couple among, i,
247 n. 2.

Phallicism, i, 38, 51 n. 1, 54, note.

Phelps, E. S.: on evils of present marriage system, iii, 254.

Philip of Hesse: his double marriage, i, 390; ii, 75 n. 1.

Phillips, Samuel: prepares a special ritual for slave marriages, ii,
225, 226.

Pickering, Jane: abduction of, i, 422, 423.

Piedrahita: quoted, i, 128.

Pipiles: forbidden degrees among, i, 126.

Piraungaru marriage custom, i, 72 n. 6.

Pirauru marriage, i, 72 n. 6.

Plato: on the family as the social unit, i, 10 nn. 2, 3.

Ploss, H.: cited, i, 111, 139; on racial ideas of beauty, 207 n. 5.

Plyer or tout for Fleet marriages, i, 442.

Plymouth: origin of civil marriage in, ii, 128-30;
first marriage law of, 132, 133;
commissioners to join persons in marriage, 133 and n. 2;
treatment of single persons, 153, 154;
regulates courtship and proposals, 162, 163;
scarlet letter, 171, 172;
pre-contract, 179, 180, 181;
cases of fornication before marriage, 186;
breach of promise suits, 201;
divorce, 349-51;
self-marriage, iii, 173.

_Pœnitentiale Theodori_, ii, 44 and n. 3, 45, 46.

Pollock, Sir F.: on the case of Beamish _v._ Beamish, i, 319, 320.

---- and Maitland, F. W.: on early German bride-sale, i, 260 n. 1;
betrothal, 275, 276;
rise of ecclesiastical marriage, 312 n. 1;
Lanfranc's canon, 314 n. 5;
marriage as a remedy, i, 325, 326;
_sponsalia_, 343;
canon law favors marriages, 334;
_copula carnalis_, 336;
forbidden degrees, 353;
_de facto_ marriage, 354, 355;
valid marriage, 355 and n. 1, 356;
inheritance, 356 and n. 5;
age of consent to marriage, 358 and n. 4;
dower as affected by divorce, ii, 93 and n. 3;
voidable marriages, 94.

Polyandry: as evidence of promiscuity, i, 48, 103;
place of, in forms of the family, 57, 58, 60, 65;
McLennan on, 77 n. 2, 80-84, 133, 156;
problem of the origin of, 132-41;
the custom of, is comparatively rare, 133, 134;
confined to small part of population, 135;
views of Spencer, Hellwald, Smith, and Wake, 135, 136;
of Marshall, 136 n. 2;
Westermarck's theory, 136-41.

Polygyny: place of, in the forms of marriage and the family, i, 57,
58, 60, 63;
relation to wife-stealing, 87;
favors female system of kinship, 112;
problem of the origin and spread of, 141-49;
favored by the patriarchal system, 141;
not found among many barbarous peoples, 141, 142;
how restricted, 142-45;
rise of, 145-48;
not favorable to women, 148, 149.

Polynesians: have Malayan system of consanguinity, i, 68;
punishment for adultery among, 106;
divorce, 230 n. 1.

Pomeranians: wife-purchase among, i, 199 n. 8.

Popular education recognized as the proper function of local
government in early New England, ii, 126 and n. 1.

_Porneia_, ii, 20 n. 1.

Porter's case, ii, 85 and n. 2.

Porto Rico: marriage celebration in, ii, 418;
marriage a civil institution, 428;
age of consent and of parental consent, 428, 429, 431;
forbidden degrees, 433;
license system, 447, 448;
certificate to married pair, 450;
return, 449;
divorce, iii. 76;
remarriage, 84;
residence, 88;
only statutory marriage valid, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 203;
notice of marriage, 191;
ten days' notice before license, 192 n. 2.

Posada, Adolpho: his _Théories modernes_, i, 7, 38;
his use of _symbiose_, 101 n. 2.

Post, A. H.: on hasty generalizations, i, 9 n. 4;
his works, 33;
exogamy, 121 n. 3;
alleges universality of wife-stealing, 157;
and of wife-purchase, 179;
original free betrothal, 202;
assent to marriage, 208, 209;
divorce, 224, 225 and n. 2;
among Karo-Karo, 229, and the Galela and Tobelorese, 233 and n. 2;
effects of divorce, 244 n. 2;
remarriage of widow or divorced woman, 246 n. 4;
marriage ring among the Slavs, 278 n. 3.

Potter, H. C.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1.

Poulton, E. B.: on sexual selection, i, 205 n. 4.

Powell, Aaron: quoted, iii, 195-97.

Powell, J. W.: on the Wyandottes, i, 143 n. 1.

Powers, Stephen: on pairing season among California Indians, i, 99
and n. 3;
jealousy among California Indians, 104;
the Karok, 192.

Pray, Richard and Mary: separation of, ii, 363, 364 n. 1.

Pre-contracts: abolished by Hardwicke Act, i, 459;
and in South Carolina colony, ii, 261.
(_See_ Betrothal.)

Presbyterians: restricted right to celebrate wedlock in North
Carolina colony, ii, 254-59.

_Pretium_: bride-price among the West Goths, i, 265 n. 1.

_Privilegium Paulinum_, ii, 24;
historical importance of, 54, 55;
at the Reformation, 62.

_Probeehen_ or _Probenächte_.
(_See_ Proof-marriages.)

Problems of marriage and the family, iii, 161-259.

Process in divorce and matrimonial suits: origin of, after the
Reformation, ii, 68-71.

Promiscuity: works on. i, 38; Bachofen's theory, 40, 41;
examples of, not found, 47 and n. 1;
alleged survivals, 48-52;
no absolute, 58;
Morgan's theory of, 66-68, 70;
McLennan's theory, 77, 78;
the problem of, three arguments against, 90-110.

Proof-marriages, i, 49 and n. 2, 235 n. 1.

Proposals of marriage: regulated in early New England, ii, 162-66.

Prosecuting attorney: intervention of, in divorce suits in England,
ii, 113, 114;
in the states, iii, 90, 159.

Prostitution: legalized, i, 48 and n. 4, 49 n. 1;
temple, or sacred, 51, 52, 54.

Protection order: under English law, ii, 115, 116.

Protestant doctrine of marriage, i, 364-403;
of divorce, ii, 60-85.

Ptolemies: marriage with sister among, i, 125.

Pueblos, i, 129, 213.

Punaluan family, i, 68, 69.

Punjab: symbolical capture in, i, 174;
wife-purchase, 217.

Purcell _v._ Purcell, ii, 368, 369.

Putative wedlock, ii, 94.

Putnam _v._ Putnam, iii, 19.

Quadrumana: family among, i, 97 and n. 4.

Quakers: their marriages declared valid, ii, 293 n. 3;
character of their marriage celebration, 315-18;
form of celebration, 319, 322 n. 1;
enjoy their own marriage customs in Rhode Island colony, ii, 134;
North Carolina colony, 248, 250, 251, 254;
Maryland colony, 245;
persecuted in New Netherland and in New York province, 291-93;
get relief under the Dongan law, 295;
their position in New Jersey, 308-11.

Quasi-desertion, ii, 63 and n. 2.

Queen _v._ Millis, i, 316-18; iii, 178.

Queen's proctor: his intervention in divorce suits, ii, 113 and n.
5, 114.

Queesting, ii, 182 and n. 2, 271, 272.

Radcliffe, Mary Anne: on intrusion of men-traders, iii, 248.

Rāksasa: marriage form of, i, 160.

Rape or capture: symbol of, 119, 163-80.

---- and fraudulent marriage: punishment for, under the Tudors,
i, 421 n. 5;
under Cromwell, 423.

Rawas: divorce among, i, 242 n. 4.

Reade, W.: on free marriage in Africa, i, 214.

Real contract of sale, i, 258, 259 n. 2, 260 n. 1.

_Rede Boke of Darbye_, i, 298.

_Reformatio legum ecclesiasticarum_: origin of, ii, 77 and n. 4;
provisions, 78, 79;
high authority of, 79, 80;
principles of, adopted in New England, ii, 330.

Regino of Prüm, ii, 49 n. 3, 51 nn. 1, 2.

Registers, parish: origin of, in England, i, 358-63;
during the Commonwealth, 424-31;
of the Fleet, 445.

---- marriage, in the American colonies, ii, 143;
Plymouth, 144;
Massachusetts, 145, 146;
Rhode Island, 148-51;
Virginia, 232, 233;
North Carolina, 249, 251, 252;
South Carolina, 260;
New York, 288, 296 and n. 3, 297;
Pennsylvania, 323.

---- in the states.
(_See_ Certificate and record.)

_Remancipatio_, ii, 15 n. 1.

Remarriage after divorce: views of early Fathers, ii, 26-28;
allowed to innocent party by Reformers, 65;
but they differ as to the adulterer, 66, 67;
clergy of English church not compelled to solemnize, 112 and
n. 2.

---- in New England states, iii, 18-22;
southern and southwestern states, 79-84;
middle and western states, 145-52;
restrictions on, as affecting the divorce rate, 218, 219.

Rennes: marriage ritual of, i, 288, 301 n. 2.

Reno, Nev.: clandestine divorces in, iii, 150, 205.

Residence, to entitle to divorce petition: in New England, iii,
22-25;
southern and southwestern states, 84-88;
middle and western states, 152-57.

Return of marriage celebration: in New England, ii, 405, 406;
southern and southwestern states, 449, 450;
middle and western states, 489-92;
defects in the system, iii, 192, 193.

Rhode Island, the colony: civil marriage in, ii, 134;
ecclesiastical, 138;
treatment of single persons, 153;
did not punish adultery with death or scarlet letter, 172, 173;
clandestine marriages, 211, 212;
divorce statutes, 360, 361;
legislative divorce, cases of, discussed, 361-66;
question of common-law marriage, iii, 174.

---- the state: celebration of marriage in, ii, 391, 892, 394, 395;
witnesses, 394;
unauthorized celebration, 395;
age of parental consent to marriage, 396;
former law against miscegenation, 398;
void or voidable marriages, 398;
survival of optional system of banns or posting, 403 n. 1;
certificate and record, 404;
return, 405;
collection and record of statistics, 407;
jurisdiction, kinds, and causes of divorce, iii, 14, 15;
remarriage, 22;
residence, 23;
notice, 27 n. 3;
alimony, care and custody of children, 30 n. 1;
courts of, silent as to common-law marriage, 181;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 197;
divorce rate, 209, 212 n. 1.

Richberg, J. C.: quoted, iii, 73; cited, 195.

Richard, Archbishop: his canon on clandestine marriage, i, 313, 314.

Richter, A. L. v.: on views of Reformers as to divorce, ii, 62 n. 2,
64 and n. 2. 65, notes, 68 n. 2;
influence of Roman law on Protestant theologians, 62 n. 2;
church ordinances, 67.

Ring: the betrothal and marriage, i, 278 n. 3, 279 n. 1;
280, 294 and n. 3, 306.

---- the marriage: Cartwright on, i, 410;
Whitgift's reply, 411, 412 and n. 2;
rejected by the Puritans under Cromwell, 419 and n. 1.

Rings: exchange of, i, 375 n. 3;
Swinburne on, 384, 385;
archæology of, 385 n. 2.

_Rita_ stage among Aryans, i, 24, 25.

Rituals, marriage: the two parts, i, 283, 284 and n. 1;
authorities on, 287, 288;
none adopted by early Christians, 294, 295;
on second marriage, 297 n. 1;
the English, published by Surtees Society, 298;
others, 300-308;
by the later, marriage is to be celebrated by and not before the
priest, 310 n. 1.

Rive, F.: on betrothal, i, 274 n. 2.

Rodgers, John: on the marriage law of New York province, ii, 307;
iii, 173.

Roeder, J.: on Old English wife-purchase, i, 263 n. 4;
the betrothal ceremonial, 272 n. 2;
freedom of English widow, 277 n. 5.

Rogers, Elizabeth: her divorce for free-thinking, ii, 356, 357.

Romans: works on their matrimonial institutions, i, 5, 6;
their patriarchal family, 10-13, 29-32, 69;
wife-lending among, 49;
whether wife-capture among, 160;
wife-purchase, 199 and n. 5;
symbolical rape, 171, 172;
their marriage forms accepted by the church, i, 291 n. 2;
had no fixed ceremony, 294;
divorce among, 232, ii, 3, 4, 14-19;
divorce a private transaction, 47.

Roos's case, ii, 103.

Rosenthal, E.: on adultery among early Teutons, ii, 36 n. 1;
the penitentials, 44 n. 3.

Ross, E. A.: cited, iii, 225 n. 1.

Rossbach, A.: on symbol of rape, i, 175 n. 3;
_coemptio_, 199 n. 5.

Rouen: its marriage ritual, i, 310 and n. 1.

Ruga, Sp. Carvilius: his divorce, ii, 15 n. 4.

Russians: wife-purchase among, i, 199 n. 8.

Russell, Lord John: proposes a civil-marriage law, i, 469.

Ryder, Attorney-General: on the Hardwicke Act, i, 449, 450, 451,
452.

Sack-posset: at weddings, ii, 141 and n. 5.

_Sacra_: the Roman, i, 13;
Aryan, 27.

Sacrament of marriage, i, 310, 324-26 and n. 2,
332, 333;
abandoned by Protestants, 386;
development of Luther's views on, 386-88.

Sacramental theory of marriage: rejected at the Reformation, i,
386-88;
ii, 60, 68;
in England, i, 393, 394.

_Sacramentaria_, i, 296 n. 2, 297, 298 n. 1, 302.

St. Joseph, Mich.: a "Gretna Green," iii, 192 n. 4, 253 n. 2.

Samoa: wife-capture in, i, 159;
status of divorced woman, 245.

Sandwich Islands: marriage with a sister sanctioned in, i, 125;
status of woman in, 238 n. 3.
(_See_ Hawaii.)

Sarae, the African: divorced woman must wait two months before
remarriage, i, 245 n. 5.

Sarasin, Paul and Fritz: on the Veddahs, i, 141 n. 2.

Sarum: marriage ritual of, i, 284, 297 n. 1, 301 and n. 2, 304, 306
n. 2, 307, notes, 311 n. 4.

Satirists, the Roman: on divorce, ii, 18 n. 1.

Saunders, W. L.: quoted, ii, 256, 258, 259.

Savoy: clandestine marriages at, i, 459 n. 3.

Sayce, A. H.: on the Babylonian family, i, 221 n. 3.

Sayer, Joseph: his _Vindication_ cited, i, 459 n. 1.

Scandinavians: wife-capture among, i, 159.

"Scarlet Letter": for adultery, ii, 171-76;
for incest, 177, 178, 214 n. 2;
long survival of, in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New
Hampshire, 398.

Schaffle, G. T.: cited, i, 98 n. 3.

Schaets, Anneke: case of, ii, 381, 382.

Scheurl, Adolf v.: on Sohm's theory of betrothal, i, 275 n. 2;
works of, 290;
_consensus_, 292 n. 3;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1;
rise of ecclesiastical marriage, 310 n. 1;
_sponsalia_, 340 n. 1;
magisterial intervention as mark of Reformation, ii, 90 n. 1.

Schmid, Reinhold: on foster-laen, i, 270 n. 1;
date of betrothal ritual, 270 n. 1.

Schmidt, Karl: on _jus primae noctis_, i, 51 n. 2.

Schneider, Wilhelm: cited, i, 36.

Schneidewin, J.: on divorce, ii, 62.

Schopenhauer, A.: on woman's mental capacity, iii, 240 n. 1.

Schrader, O.: on the maternal family, i, 20.

Schreiner, Olive: on sex-parasitism, iii, 247 n. 1.

Schroeder, Richard: on _Muntschatz_, i, 259 n. 3;
bride-purchase, 260 n. 1;
Tacitus's account of betrothal, 262 n. 2;
denies traces of wife-purchase in northern law, 265 n. 3;
on violation of _mund_, 265 n. 4;
_arrha_, 266 n. 2;
foster-laen, 270 n. 1;
the Old English betrothal ritual, 271 n. 2.

Schubert, H. v.: on Sohm's theory of betrothal, i, 275 n. 2;
cited, 290;
_consensus_, 292 n. 3;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1.

Scudmore: on secret marriage, i, 350.

Schulenburg, Emil: on wife-capture among the Germans, i, 258 n. 1.

Schulte, J. F. v.: on canon-law betrothal, i, 293 n. 1.

Schurman, J. G.: cited, i, 38, 88 n. 4.

Scotland: present marriage law of, i, 473 n. 2.

Second marriage: among low races, i, 246 and nn. 4, 5;
among early Germans, 273 n. 1, 277, notes;
benediction omitted by the ancient church, 297 n. 1;
the early Fathers on, ii, 24-26;
councils on, 39, 40;
synods of Verberie and Compiègne on, 42-44;
the penitentials on, 44-46.

Secondary wives, i, 143, 144, notes.

Seger _v._ Slingerland: concerning bundling, ii, 272.

Sehling, E.: on wife-capture among Germans, i, 258 n. 1;
wife-purchase, 260 n. 1;
betrothal, 275 n. 2;
_consensus_, 292 n. 3;
canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1.

Selden, J.: on the benediction, i, 293 n. 3, 294, 297 n. 1;
dower at church door, 300 n. 1.

Self-betrothal, i, 201-23: and self-_gifta_, 276-86;
still exists in Eastern church.
(See Self-_gifta_.)

Self-_beweddung_.
(_See_ Self-betrothal, Self-_gifta_.)

Self-_gifta_: in New England colonies, ii, 209-12;
in Pennsylvania, ii, 486.
(_See_ Self-betrothal.)

Semites: marriage institutions of, i, 17;
patriarchal family, 69, 70;
wife-capture, 161, 162;
wife-purchase, 195-97.
(_See_ Hebrews.)

Seneca: denounces free divorce, ii, 18.

Separate alimony without divorce: in Virginia, Florida, Georgia,
and Oklahoma, iii, 92;
Indiana, 118;
Iowa, 127;
Ohio, 114, 115;
Montana, 138;
Utah, 133;
Wisconsin, 124;
Wyoming, 131;
the southern, colonies, ii, 368-74.

Separation from bed and board: whether according to scriptural
teaching, ii, 21, 22;
origin of the distinction, 52, 53 n. 1;
rejected at Reformation, 61;
by English Reformers, 73;
not recognized by the _Reformatio legum_, 78;
judicial separation equivalent to, under present English law, 114,
115.

---- in the American colonies: not favored by the New England
Puritans, ii, 330;
not granted in early Massachusetts, 331, 339 and n. 3;
but in that colony granted in the eighteenth century, 345;
rejected in Connecticut, 353;
and practically in Rhode Island, 363;
granted in New Netherland, 377, 378.

---- in the states: Alabama, iii, 64;
Arkansas, 71, 72;
Delaware, 113;
District of Columbia, 79;
Georgia, 62;
Hawaii, 144;
Indiana, 118;
Indian Territory, 71, 72;
Kentucky, 55;
Louisiana, 70;
Maryland, 56;
Michigan, 122;
Minnesota, 125;
Nebraska, 129;
New Jersey, 107;
New York, 105;
North Carolina, 58;
Pennsylvania, 110;
Rhode Island, 15;
Tennessee, 61;
Vermont, 16;
Virginia, 51;
West Virginia, 52, 53;
Wisconsin, 123, 124.

Separation order: the English, ii, 117.

Seranglao and Gorong: divorce in, i, 241 n. 6.

Seri: marriage by service among, i, 187 and n. 3;
meaning of their probational marriage, 218 n. 4.

Servia: wife-capture in, i, 159, 160;
bride-price, 190 n. 1.

Seven months' rule: in New England churches, ii, 196 and n. 2, 197,
198 n. 2.

Sewall, Samuel: importance of his writings for the history of social
customs, ii, 133 n. 1;
on marriages celebrated by Vanderbosk, 137;
by justices and ministers, 138 n. 4;
"bedded" at second marriage, 140;
wedding celebrations, 142, 143;
would keep house with Widow Denison, 157 n. 2;
provides his daughters with wooers, 167-69;
with dowries, 203, 204;
his marriages and thrifty courtships, 204-9;
on marriage of first cousins, 213 n. 2;
law against incestuous unions, 213 n. 7;
Hana Owen's marriage, 215;
miscegenation, 218;
slave baptism, 222, 223;
slave marriages, his _Selling of Joseph_, 223, 224.

Sewell, William: quoted, ii, 293 n. 3;
on Quaker marriages, 317.

Sexes: differentiation of, i, 93, 94;
numerical disparity of, 136, 137;
causes which determine, 138 and n. 1;
influence of disparity of, on rise of polyandry, 138-41.

Sex-parasitism, iii, 247 n. 1.

Sexual selection: woman's function in, i, 202;
secondary sexual characters in, 203-6;
and the economic dependence of woman, iii, 249 n. 1.

Shame: origin of, i, 206 n. 2.

Shammai: school of, ii, 13 n. 2.

Shans: divorce among, i, 239.

Sharon _v._ Sharon, ii, 467 and n. 1;
iii, 158 n. 1.

Shastikas: bride-price among, i, 190, 191.

Shekiani: easy divorce among, i, 226.

Shirley, J. M.: on pre-contract, ii, 180;
bundling, 185 n. 2.

Sia: alleged communism of, i, 108 n. 2.

Siamese: four classes of wives among, i, 144 n. 5.

Siegel, H.: on wife-capture among Germans, i, 258 n. 1;
wife-purchase, 260 n. 1;
exchange of rings, 281 n. 1.

Simcox, Edith: on family life of Babylonians and Egyptians, i, 221
n. 1.

Similarity: biological law of, i, 130, 131.

Single persons: laws regarding, ii, 152-58.

Sioux: position of woman among, i, 45;
plurality of wives, 143 n. 1, 144;
symbolical capture, 165, 168;
custom of avoidance, 187 n. 2;
divorce, 239.

Sioux Falls, S.D.: alleged divorce colony of, iii, 205 and n. 3.

_Sippe_, or clan-group, i, 259.

Siricius: on the benediction, i, 296 n. 1.

Slave marriages: among early Germans, i, 257, 276 n. 1;
in New England, ii, 216-26.

Slaves: status of, in New England colonies, ii, 215, 216;
the problem of baptizing, 220-23;
marriages of, 216-26.

Slavs: works on matrimonial institutions of, i, 5;
house communities among, 30 n. 1, 129;
conspicuous for wife-capture, i, 160;
symbol of rape, 174;
wife-purchase, 199 and n. 8.

Smith, Henry: his _Preparation to Marriage_, ii, 73.

Smith, Mary Roberts: cited, iii, 167, 244 n. 2.

Smith, Robertson: on Arabian marriage customs, i, 17 and n. 3;
polyandry, 135;
wife-capture among Arabs, 161;
Arabian divorce, 246 n. 1.

Smith _v._ Woodworth, iii, 146.

Smock marriages, i, 441 n. 3;
in New England, ii, 141.

Snyder, W. L.: on uniform divorce law, iii, 222 n. 3.

Socialists: views as to monogamic family, iii, 229;
theory of Engels, 229, 230;
of Carpenter, 230;
of Morris and Bax, 230, 231;
of Gronlund, 231, 232;
of Robert Owen, 232-34;
of Robert Dale Owen, 234;
of Bebel, 234, 235;
results of socialist thought, 235.

Sohm, Rudolph: on real-contract, i, 259 n. 1;
_Witthum_ as price of _mund_, 260 n. 1;
fixed-price of _mund_, 265 n. 4;
_arrha_, 266 n. 2;
evolution of _beweddung_, 266-72, 276-86;
foster-laen, 270 n. 1;
the old English betrothal ritual, 271 n. 2;
time of _gifta_, 272 n. 1;
derivation of _Gemahl_, 273 n. 1;
his theory of betrothal, 273-76;
self-betrothal and self-_gifta_, 276-86;
chosen guardian and _Fürsprecher_, 281, 282;
his works mentioned 288-90;
_consensus_, 292 n. 3;
origin of canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1;
benediction at nuptials, 296 n. 1;
validity of unblessed marriages, 297;
function of priest in the old English ritual, 302;
the rise of ecclesiastical marriage, 309, 310 and n. 1;
the decree of the Council of Trent, 316 n. 1;
_sponsalia_, 337, note, 340 n. 1;
rise of spiritual jurisdiction, ii, 50 n. 1.

Soissons, Synod of: on divorce, ii, 41, 42.

Solemnization of marriage: in the New England states, ii, 389-95;
southern and southwestern states, 409-27;
middle and western states, 452-70;
defects of the present dual system, iii, 186-90;
reforms needed, 193, 194.

Somali: divorce among, i, 241.

_Sonderfamilie_: of Grosse, i, 61.

Sophia: on woman's equality with man, iii, 237.

Soulimana: divorce in, i, 226 n. 3.

South Carolina, the colony: slave baptism in, ii, 221;
marriage, 260, 261;
optional civil or religious ceremony in back country, 261;
question of divorce, 375;
common-law marriage, iii, 172.

---- the state: marriage celebration in, ii, 416 and n. 2;
pre-contracts, 425, 426;
marriages of freedmen, 426;
age of parental consent, 429, 430;
forbidden degrees, 433, 435;
void or voidable marriages, 435 n. 3, 437, 438;
miscegenation forbidden, 439;
legislative divorce, iii, 38;
judicial divorce, 76, 77;
common-law marriage, 176;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 200.

South Dakota: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;
witnesses, 465;
marriage by declaration, 467;
requisites for legal marriage, 469;
definition, 471;
age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;
forbidden degrees, 473-75;
void and voidable marriages, 475-78;
license, 488;
return, 489 and n. 3, 490, 491;
marriage certificate and celebrant's record, 492;
divorce, iii, 142;
remarriage, 149;
residence, 157;
courts silent as to common-law marriage, 182;
age of consent to carnal knowledge, 202.

South Slavonians: wife-capture among, i, 159;
divorce, 242, 244 n. 2.

Space-relationships, of Mucke, i, 63-65, 71.

Spartans: wife-lending among, i, 49;
symbol of capture, 171.

Souza, G. S. de: on sexual jealousy among Brazilian natives, i, 105,
106;
polygyny of Tupinambás, 144.