Chapter XXXV: Conclusion: Of Sentence of Relaxation of Don Gaspar De Centellas, for (3)

[541] Pegnæ Comment. 48 in Eymerici Director. P. <small>II. In view of the unvarying practice of the Church for nearly six hundred years, it requires hardihood for a writer, in 1902, to argue that the civil magistrate and not the Inquisition was responsible for the burning of heretics.--Razon y Fe, T. IV, p. 358 (Madrid, 1902).

[542] Pablo García, Orden de Processar, fol. 74.

[543] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 126.--"En ellos las primeras causas que deben leerse son las de relaxados, para que incontinenti puedan entregarse al juez real sin permitirle dilacion con pretexto alguno en la execuzion de la sentencia; pues siempre queda al tribunal jurisdiccion segura para obligarle por censuras y otras penas á su puntual cumplimiento."

[544] Arn. Albertini de Agnoscendis Assertionibus Q. <small>XXV, n. 44-5.

[545] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 473.--Olmo, Relacion del Auto, p. 287.

[546] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 257.

[547] Ibidem, Lib. 42, fol. 291, 293, 308.

[548] Pablo García, Orden de Processar, fol. 32, 54, 59, 68.

[549] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de Copias, fol. 139.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 3, fol. 323, 456; Lib. 927, fol. 349.

[550] Ibidem, Lib. 922, fol. 682.

[551] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 169.

[552] Bullar. Roman. II, 298.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, p. 82.--Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 1049.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. Lib. 939, fol. 63.

[553] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Libro III, fol. 156.

[554] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 922, fol. 685.--Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 169-70.

[555] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 42, fol. 246, 255-7; Lib. 17, fol. 70; Lib. 25, fol. 156.

[556] Eymerici Director, P. <small>II, Q. xi.

[557] Instrucciones de 1484, § 12 (Arguello, fol. 5).

[558] Instrucciones de 1561, § 44 (Arguello, fol. 33).

[559] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt, 9548.

[560] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 3.

[561] MSS. del Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A., T. 4, n. 53.

[562] See Vol. I, Appendix, p. 593.

[563] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 262.

[564] Simancæ de Cath. Instt. Tit XLVII, n. 73.--Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 13.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, Cap. iii, § 5.

[565] Pegnæ Commentt. 36, 46, in Eymerici Direct. P. <small>II.

[566] Carbonell _op. cit._ (Col. de Doc. de la C. de Aragon, XXVIII, 13, 15, 29).

[567] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 153, fol. 95. This was the rule also in the Roman Inquisition. Del Bene tells us that strictly according to law the convicted heretic is to be burnt alive, but that "among Christians this is not followed, unless he is pertinacious, in which case there is no reason why he should not be burnt alive."--De Officio S. Inquisitionis, II, 113 (Romæ, 1666).

[568] D. N. Herqueta (Boletin, XLV, 424-33).

[569] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10 n. 2, fol 136.

[570] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[571] Bibl. nacional, MSS. S, 294, fol. 375.

[572] Simancæ Enchirid. Tit. <small>XXXI, n. 3.

[573] Instrucciones de 1561, § 43 (Arguello, fol. 33).

[574] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 979, fol. 40; Lib. 876, fol. 105^{b}.

[575] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, Cap. 10.

[576] Bibl. nacional, MSS., R, 128.

[577] Ibidem, R, 118, p. 35.

[578] Ibidem, Pp, 67-10, fol. 101.

[579] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[580] Simancæ Enchirid. Tit. LXII, n. 10.--Rojas de Hæret. P <small>II, n. 183-4.

[581] Bibl. nacional, MSS., G, 54, fol. 249.

[582] Candido Múñoz, Question theologico-moral acerca del Reo de fe, etc. (Madrid, 1725).--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 361.

[583] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, Cap. iii, § 6.

[584] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 10).

[585] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[586] Simancæ de Cath. Instt. Tit. XLVII, n. 60-63; Enchirid. Tit. lix.

[587] Bullar. Roman, I, 821.--On the plea that such heretics claimed exemption from this on the ground of ignorance, Clement VIII, February 3, 1603, renewed and confirmed in perpetuity the act of Paul IV.--Bullar. III, 160.

Although the Spanish Inquisition preserved these decrees in its collections it does not seem to have acted on them. In 1568 there were two cases in Valencia of heretics who, among other errors, denied the virginity of the Virgin. One of these was a Gascon, Bernat de Vidosa, who was reconciled with only reclusion in a monastery; the other was Pedro Sobrino, a fisherman of Naples, more severely treated with ten years of galleys.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 31.

[588] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 63.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., R, 90, p. 252.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 930, fol. 26.

[589] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol, 119.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, Cap. ix, § 3.--Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 4).

[590] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 937, fol. 199.

[591] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[592] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 121.

[593] Simancæ de Cath. Instt. Tit. LVII, n. 3.

[594] Pablo García, Orden de Processar, fol. 11.

[595] Miguel Calvo (Archive de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2}, Lib. 4).

[596] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 933.

[597] Simancæ _loc. cit._, n. 4.

[598] Instrucciones de 1561, § 41 (Arguello, fol. 33).

[599] Elucidationes S. Officii, § 23 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2}, Lib. 4).--Alphonsi de Castro de justa Hæret. Punitione Lib. <small>II, cap. 2.--Bibl. nacional, MSS. V, 377, Cap. ix, § 1.

[600] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 3, fol. 72.

[601] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 49, 53, 57, 63, 67.--Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. II, fol. 79; Lib. III, fol. 88, 109.--Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 1049.

[602] Olmo, Relacion del Auto, pp. 252-62.

[603] Garau, La Fee triunfante, pp. 65-112.

[604] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[605] MSS. del Archivo Municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tom. 4, n. 54.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., R, 128.

[606] Libro Verde de Aragon (Revista de España, CVI, 254).

[607] Carbonell, _op. cit_. (Col. de Doc. de la C. de Aragon, XXVIII, 62, 141, 152).

[608] Proceso contra Fray Luis de Leon (Col. de Doc. inéd, X, 158-61).

[609] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[610] Garau, La Fee Triunfante, pp. 39-42, 114-22.

[611] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt., 9548.

[612] Elucidationes S. Officii, § 19 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544,^{3} Lib. 4).--Matute y Luquin, Autos de Fe de Córdova, p. 270.

[613] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. XLII, Art. i. n. 14.

[614] Ibidem, Cap. XLIII, Art. iv, n. 1.

[615] Ibidem, Cap. XLIII, Art. iv, n. 4.

[616] Páramo, p. 597.

[617] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. Lib. I, Lib. 933, p. 551.

[618] Relacion de la Inquisicion Toledana (Boletin, IX, 300).

[619] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. I.

[620] Ibidem, Lib. 979, fol. 38.

[621] Ibidem, Lib. 72, fol. 73.

[622] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 4, fol. 9; Lib. 5, fol. 24, 29.

[623] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 121.--Instrucciones de 1561, § 77 (Arguello, fol. 37).

[624] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1157, fol. 154, 155.

[625] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 126.

[626] Archivo gen. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 91.

[627] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 10, fol. 2; Lib. 926, fol. 326-50; Lib. 937, fol. 222; Lib. 939, fol. 126--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 213 fol., p. 126.

[628] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 123.--Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 473.--Juan Gómez de Mora, Auto de la Fé celebrado en Madrid este año de 1632, §§ 4, 5.--Olmo, Relacion del Auto, pp. 30-44.

[629] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 123.

[630] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 313-25.

[631] Ibidem, Hacienda, Leg. 25.

[632] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 473.

[633] In the Logroño auto of November 7, 1610, there marched in the procession a thousand familiars, commissioners and notaries. In that of Barcelona, June 21, 1627, there were five or six hundred familiars and alguaziles.--Auto de fe celebrado in Logroño, 7 y 8 de Noviembre, 1610 (Logroño, 1610).--Parets, Sucesos de Cataluña (Mem. hist, español, XX, 20).

[634] In the early autos, where there were large numbers of the dead and absent, an economical though somewhat grotesque device was that of _statuæ duplicatæ_--effigies with Janus faces, one before and the other behind. At Barcelona, January 25, 1488, there were five married couples thus represented by five effigies and, on May 23d, of the same year, twenty effigies were made to do duty for forty-two fugitives, while, on February 9, 1489, ten effigies served for thirty-nine absentees.--Carbonell, _op. cit._ (Col. de Doc. de la C. de Aragon, XXVIII, 13, 15, 30).

As regards the corozas or mitres, the Roman Inquisition, with a finer sense of what was fitting, forbade their use in 1596, as derogatory to the episcopal dignity, which was distinguished by the use of mitres.--Decr. S. Congr. S^{ti} Officii, p. 458 (Bibl. del R. Archivo di Stato in Roma, Fondo camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).

[635] The procession of the _cruz verde_ was not universal. It was practised in Valladolid, Toledo, Murcia and probably some others.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 979, fol. 40.

[636] The cost of these meals was scrutinized. In 1571 the Suprema ordered Logroño not to spend more than twelve ducats on the breakfast. A carta acordada of January 25, 1574, refers to the heavy expenses for collation and breakfast given to inquisitors and officials, confessors and penitents. In future they are to be confined to confessors and penitents; if the inquisitors and officials want meals it must be at their own expense, and evidence of this must accompany the reports of the autos.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 82, fol. 9; Lib. 942, fol. 39.

[637] The royal oath, taken by the young Carlos II, at the Madrid auto of 1680, with one hand on the cross and the other on the gospels, was as follows. The inquisitor-general said "Vuestra Magestad jura y promete por su fe y palabra real, que como verdadero y Catolico Rey, puesto por la mano de Dios, defenderá con todo su poder la Fe Catolica que tiene y cree la santa madre Iglesia Apostolica de Roma y la conservacion y aumento della, y que persiguirá y mandará perseguir á los Hereges y Apostatas contrarios della, y que mandará dar y dará el favor y ayuda necessario para el Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion y ministros dello, para que los hereges perturbadores de nuestra Religion Cristiana sean prendidos y castigados conforme á los derechos y sacros canones, sin que aya omision de parte de Vuestra Magestad ni excepcion de persona alguna de qualquier calidad que sea." To this the king replied "Assi lo juro y prometo por mi fee y palabra Real." (Olmo, Relacion del Auto, p. 125.) Such an oath was administered to the prince Don Carlos at the Valladolid auto of May 21, 1559 (Gachard, Don Carlos, I, 47); also to Philip II at that of October 8, 1559 (Cabrera, Vida de Felipe II, Lib. <small>V, cap. 3); also to Philip III at that of Toledo, March 6, 1600 (MSS. of Library of University of Halle., Yc, 20, T. VIII), and to Philip IV at the Madrid auto of 1632 (Mora, Auto de la Fee, § 27).

[638] At the great Logroño auto of Nov. 7-8, 1610, where there were fifty-three culprits, including twenty-nine witches, the sentences were so long that the day was consumed with the eleven cases of relaxation. The second day was occupied from dawn till nightfall; some of the sentences had to be curtailed, and the reconciliations were performed after dark.--Auto de Fe de Logroño (Logroño, 1611; Madrid, 1820).

[639] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 221.

[640] Mora, Auto de la Fee de 1632, § 44.

[641] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[642] Ant. Rodríguez Villa, La Corte y Monarquía de España, p. 238.

[643] Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[644] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.--Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Inq., Leg. 621, fol. 171.

[645] Relacion histórica de la Juderia de Sevilla, pp. 85 sqq. (Sevilla, 1849).

[646] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 937, fol. 123.--A commentator on this cites Azpilcueta and Peña to prove that in Rome autos that included relaxations were held in churches and also that, in 1611, at Cuenca an auto comprehending four relaxations was held in a church by order of the Suprema.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, Cap. iii, § 2.

[647] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 17, 22, 23.

[648] Archivo de Simancas, _loc. cit._

[649] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 40.--Proceso contra Diego Rodríguez Silba, fol. 32-4 (MS. _penes me_).

[650] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 42, fol. 289.--Archivo hist. nacional, _ubi sup._

[651] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 220, 230, 240.

[652] Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 42, fol. 239. Whether through design or carelessness, this was not sent to the Valencia tribunal until October 14, 1699, when it was enclosed in a letter saying that as it had not been forwarded at the time it was now sent for their instruction.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 138.

[653] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 42, fol. 291, 308.

[654] Bibl. nacional, MSS., R. 128.

[655] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 9).

[656] Ibidem.

[657] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[658] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion de los Moriscos, p. 106.

[659] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. <small>XXIV, Art. 1, n. 2.

[660] Gachard, Don Carlos et Philippe II, I, 106-7.

[661] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I; Tom. VIII.

[662] Moro, Auto de la Fee (Madrid, 1632).

[663] Parets, Sucesos de Cataluña (Mem. hist. español, XXIV, 297).

[664] Olmo, Relacion del Auto, p. 47.

[665] Llorente, Hist. crít. Cap. XL, Art. 1, n. 3.--Vicente de la Fuente, Hist. eclesiástica de España, III, 378.--"Preparose un _auto_ de fe para obsequiar al Rey, pues habian llegado los _autos_ á ser un obligado de todas las fiestas régias, como los toros y los fuegos artificiales. Felipe V se negó por primera vez á concurrir á ellos; mas adelante se le vio asistir á uno (1720)."

[666] Amador de los Rios, Hist. de los Judíos, III, 381-3.

[667] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 108.

[668] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 389.

[669] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 128. For illustration of the trivial evidence which justified prosecution for Judaism see Vol. II, p. 566.

[670] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 98.

[671] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[672] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787; Leg. 1157, fol. 155.

[673] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 177.

[674] Relasioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 19.

[675] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 109, 111.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 129.--Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 1049.

[676] Vicente da Costa Mattos, Breve Discurso contra a Perfidia do Judaismo, fol. 100 (Lisboa, 1623).

[677] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 5.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 127.

[678] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 130.

The district of Galicia would seem to be an exception to this, probably arising from the lateness of the organization of the tribunal of Santiago. Jews there had been quite numerous, wealthy and respected, and there had not been time to enforce their conversion or extermination. The severity of the tribunal earned for it the reputation of the most cruel in Spain and, pitiless as was that of Portugal, many Galician Conversos took refuge there. Towards the close of the century Inquisitor Pedro Pérez Gamarra acquired for himself an infamous distinction by his relentless activity, and the archbishop and chapter protested publicly against the proceedings of the tribunal. Its rapacity was rewarded with abundant confiscations. We hear of Méndez of Valdeorras, whose estate was reckoned at more than 40,000 ducats, of that of Antonia de Saravia at 233,707 reales and of Marcial Pereira at 363,444.--Benito F. Alonso, Los Judíos en Orense, pp. 8, 26, 28-30, 32 (Orense, 1904).

[679] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 3.

[680] Ample authentic material exists for this in the twelve volumes of the _Corpo Diplomatico Portuguez_ (Lisboa, 1862-1902)--material of which Herculano had skilfully utilized a portion in his classical _Da Origem e Estabelecimento da Inquisicão em Portugal_ (Lisboa, 1854). Some gaps in this have been filled by A. Ronchini, in his _Giovanni_ III _di Portogallo, il Cardinal Silva e l'Inquisizione_ (Modena, 1879).

[681] Osorii de Rebus Emmanuelis Lib. I.--Monteiro, Historia da S. Inquisição de Portugal, Liv. II, c. 43.--Amador de los Rios, III, 358, 360, 614-15.--Herculano, I, 113-14, 116-18, 124-30.

[682] Herculano, I, 133, 153-4, 158-9, 164-8.

[683] Herculano, I, 179, 189-90.

[684] Herculano, I, 228-86.--Corpo Diplomatico, II, 335, 338, 409, 410.--Anno histórico Portuguez, I, 253 (Lisboa, 1744).

[685] Corpo Diplomatico, III, 1, 11, 29, 47, 64, 75.

[686] Corpo Diplomatico, II, 430, 452; III, 76, 82, 124.

[687] Ibidem, III, 117, 121, 125, 166, 169, 171, 177, 181, 190, 206, 210, 218, 220, 228, 249-50, 252, 254, 275, 290-4. The bull of Paul III, embodying the previous one of Clement VII, is in the Bullarium, I, 712.

[688] Herculano, II, 146-62.--Corpo Diplomatico, III, 283, 286, 288, 290, 302, 332; XI, 358.

[689] Corpo Diplomatico, III, 348, 353, 354, 358, 402.

[690] Herculano, II, 200-5.--Corpo Diplomatico, IV, 8, 11, 95.

[691] Corpo Diplomatico, IV, 128-33, 134, 148, 158, 172-8, 186, 188, 195, 200, 205, 206, 271-6; V, 165; VIII, 294, 295. The Portuguese cruzado was nearly the equivalent of the Spanish ducat.

[692] Historia dos principaes Actos e Procedimentos da Inquisicão de Portugal, p. 256 (Lisboa, 1845).

In this year 1540 occurred the curious episode of the False Nuncio, Juan Pérez de Saavedra, a skilful forger and impostor, who presented himself with forged papal briefs, lived in great state in Lisbon for three months, and traversed the land for three more, collecting large sums, after the manner of nuncios. The Spanish Inquisition got upon his track; he was decoyed to the border, seized on Portuguese soil, January 23, 1541, and conveyed to Madrid. For this daring imposition he paid with nineteen years of galleys. He assumed the credit of introducing the Inquisition in Portugal, and this secondary imposture had currency nearly to our own times.--Llorente, Hist. crít. Cap. <small>XVI, Art. iii, n. 1-21.--Páramo, pp. 227-32.--Illescas, Hist. Pontifical, Lib. VI, cap. iv,--Ant. de Sousa, Aphorismi Inquisit.; De Origine Inquisit. § 6.--Feyjoo, Theatro crítico, T. VI, Disc. iii.--Hernández, Verdadera Origen de la Inquisicion de Portugal (Madrid, 1789).

Salazar de Mendoza (Chronica de el Cardenal Don Juan de Tavera, pp. 119-21) puts Saavedra's gains at 300,000 ducats and states that Paul III released him from the galleys by a special brief.

[693] Corpo Diplomatico, IV, 381, 404-5, 422-5.

[694] Herculano, II, 304-17, 332-40--Ciaconii Vitt. Poutiff., III, 675.--Corpo Diplomatico, IV, 388, 392, 399; V, 41, 54; XI, 388, 472, 473, 496.

[695] Herculano, III, 8-9.

[696] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 34, 70, 83, 114.

[697] Ronchini, pp. 6-12.--Herculano, III, 64-5.

[698] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 90, 96, 98, 104-5, 113, 115-16, 117-20.

[699] Ronchini, p. 11.--Corpo Diplomatico, V, 134, 135, 140, 145, 149, 152, 164.

[700] Herculano, III, 116-199.

[701] Ronchini, pp. 16, 17, 20, 23.

[702] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 169-71, 179, 184, 187.

[703] Ibidem, V, 176.

[704] Ibidem, V, 186, 196, 222, 506.--Ronchini, p. 24.

[705] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 225, 273, 281-2.

[706] Ibidem, V, 291; XI, 503.--Ronchini, p. 26.

[707] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 306, 308, 311, 315, 317; XI, 507.--Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inquisicion, Leg. unico, fol. 34.--Historia dos principaes Actos, p. 256.

[708] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 320, 321, 324, 330, 344.

[709] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 405, 434, 442.--Raynald. Annal. ann. 1545, n. 58.

[710] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 448, 451, 453, 460, 470.

[711] Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 23, 42.--Ronchini, pp. 31-2.

[712] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 361, 391, 398, 399; VII, 32, 51-3, 204, 216, 241, 327; VIII, 111.

After João's death, the regency, in 1562, in return for a favor, sent to Pius IV a couple of rings, to which he loftily replied that he did not desire such gifts, but he had previously had them appraised and found that they were of little value. There was some indignation felt in the papal palace and Alvaro de Castro, in reporting it, dwelt on the importance of keeping the pope well-disposed.--Ibidem, X, 19, 20, 21.

[713] Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 23.

[714] Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 95, 101, 105-25, 139, 141, 144, 170-5, 176-77, 180, 183, 186, 198-208.--Ronchini, pp. 37-8.--Stewart Rose, St. Ignatius Loyola and the early Jesuits, p. 406 (New York, 1891).--Gothein, Ignatius von Loyola und die Gegenreformation, p. 611 (Halle, 1895).

It was freely stated that Julius III continued the practice and sold, for a thousand cruzados a year, licence to seventy heads of families who had been baptized in Portugal to Judaize in Ancona, a privilege of which two hundred took advantage, with their wives and children.--Corpo Diplomatico, VII, 378.

The facts of this curious episode are that Paul III issued letters of safe-conduct to foreign merchants in Ancona, including both Turks and Jews. Then, February 21, 1547, in an elaborate brief, specially favoring the New Christians of Portugal, he promised that, for all accusations of heresy or apostasy, they should be subject exclusively to the pope in person, all judges and inquisitors being forbidden to prosecute them. Feeling their position uncertain, they bargained with the local authorities that, for five years, they should be undisturbed and that any one prosecuted should have free permission to depart. In 1552 they presented these articles to Julius III for confirmation, which he gave by a brief of December 6th, forbidding judges and inquisitors to molest them. Paul IV, however, April 30, 1556 withdrew this and ordered their prosecution, even if they denied under torture their baptism, as it was notorious that for eighty years no Hebrew could live in Portugal except as a Christian. This was at the instance of Cardinal Caraffa and his other nephews, who thereupon seized the persons and property of the Jews, who arranged a compromise for 50,000 ducats, but were unable to raise the money in the time specified, whereupon the Caraffas held the property, estimated at 300,000 ducats. A contemporary states that more than eighty of them were burnt or sent to the galleys.--Collect. Decret. S. Congr. S^{ti} Officii, s. v. _Judaizantes_ (MS. _penes me_).--Decret S. Congr. S^{ti} Officii, pp. 327, 334-6 (Bibl. del R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).--Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien, 430, fol. 109.

During the first half of the seventeenth century, the popes earnestly endeavored to force Venice to exclude the Portuguese refugees, when the decrees of Paul III and Julius III were persistently quoted in their favor. The inquisitors in all Italian cities were urged to active work against them, but they seem to have been favored by the local authorities. Those of Pisa and Leghorn were especially liberal.--Collect. Decret. _loc. cit._--Albizzi, Riposta all'Historia dalla S. Inquisizione del R. P. Paolo Servita, pp. 194-212.

[715] Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 152, 159, 160, 163, 164, 166, 210.--Raynald. Annal. ann. 1547, n. 131, 132.

[716] Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 220.

[717] Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 219-21.

[718] Ibidem, VI, 250-2.

[719] Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 248-9.--Ronchini, p. 41.

There is some satisfaction in knowing that Cardinal Farnese made but little out of this wretched business. The death of his grandfather, in November, 1549, deprived him of influence and, in 1550, João had the effrontery to demand his resignation of the see of Viseu. Farnese interposed difficulties but, in 1552, Gonsalvo Pinheiro was installed in his place. Soon afterwards, in September 1552, we hear of his taking refuge in his legation of Avignon, partly for safety and partly on account of his necessities.--Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 422, 423; VII, 151, 165, 174, 184.

João's malignity towards Cardinal Silva was unquenchable. On the accession of Julius III, he heard that the new pope felt compassion for Silva and he instructed his ambassador to tell him that any honor or grace conferred on Silva would be regarded as an injury. By this time Silva was reduced to penury and the ambassador out of compassion forbore to deliver the message, when João angrily repeated his instructions with additional emphasis. In spite of this Julius wrote, some three years later, asking João to pardon Silva, who was borne down with age and infirmities. João left the letter unanswered for eight months, until March, 1554, and then wrote with studied evasiveness. Silva died in June, 1556.--Corpo Diplomatico, VI, 389; VII, 25, 244, 330.

[720] Corpo Diplomatico, V, 391, 392; VIII, 291.

[721] Corpo Diplomatico, VII, 49, 255, 291, 336, 437, 458, 479; VIII, 82, 94, 108, 142, 150, 161, 181, 185, 195, 197, 205, 225, 239, 275, 289, 296, 310, 460, 466, 475, 476, 491; IX, 40, 81, 120, 125, 150.

[722] Historia dos principaes actos, etc., pp. 256-9, 292-5, 312-13.

The numbers in the respective tribunals are--

Relaxed
In person. In effigy. Penanced.

Lisbon 37 2 270

Evora 87 12 1023

Coimbra 45 37 705
--- --- ----
169 51 1998

The interesting list of autos, from which I have summarized this and succeeding tables, is probably based on the compilation from the records made about 1767, by Diogo Barbosa Machado, of which there are copies in the Public Library of Coimbra. See Professor R. J. H. Gottheil, in _Jewish Quarterly Review_, October, 1901, pp. 90-1.

These lists are probably defective for the early years. A contemporary, writing in 1564, states that for a number of years there had been burnt annually from twenty to forty persons and two hundred penanced.--Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien 430, fol. 109.

[723] Corpo Diplomatico, IX, 150; X, 315, 546, 556.

[724] Sousa, Aphor. Inquis., De Origíne, § 6.--The _Relation de l'Inquisition de Goa_ by Dr. C. Dellon (Paris, 1688) giving an account of his sufferings there, is well known. It has been translated into Portuguese, with copious notes and documents, by Miguel Vicente d'Abreu (Nova-Goa, 1866), to whom we shall have occasion to refer.

[725] Corpo Diplomatico, IX, 112.

[726] Ibidem, XII, 77. A similar brief was issued by Urban VIII, April 22, 1625 (Ibid. p. 246) but, as it makes no reference to any preceding act, the presumption is that these were sporadic and not continuous grants of power.

[727] For these forgotten struggles see some elaborate papers by the Rev. George Edmundson in the _English Historical Review_ for 1899 and 1900.

[728] In the Lisbon auto of March 14, 1723, there are few Judaizers and all are residents of Portugal. In that of October 10, 1723, the Judaizers are numerous and a large portion of them are from Brazil. Evidently a fleet had arrived during the interval.--Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

In 1618, however, we hear of an inquisitor sent from Portugal to Brazil, whose operations speedily drove numerous New Christians to seek refuge in Spanish territory.--J. T. Medina, La Inquisicion en las Provincias del Plata, pp. 155-61 (Santiago de Chile, 1900).

[729] Miguel Vicente d'Abreu, p. 115.

[730] Did. Guerreiro Camacho de Aboym, De Privilegiis Familiarum etc., pp. 12-18, 21 (Ulyssipone, 1759).

[731] Francisco de Castro, Regimento do Santo Officio da Inquisição dos Reynos de Portugal, Liv. I, Tit. i, § 1; Tit. iii, §§ 13, 14; Tit. v, § 6; Liv. II, Tit. ii, § 13 (Lisboa, 1640).--Sousa Aphor. Inq. Lib. I, Cap. i, n. 14.

[732] De Castro, Regimento, Liv. II, Tit. xxiii.

[733] Georgii Buchanani Vita ab ipso scripta.--Lopez de Mendonça, Damião de Goes e a Inquisição de Portugal, p. 21 (Lisboa, 1859).

The poem on the Franciscans was written at the request of James V of Scotland. It forced Buchanan to leave the country and, before venturing to Portugal, he made his excuses for it to King João. A brief extract will show its temper:--

At nunc posteritas, vera pietate relicta,
Degenerem quæstum sordesque secuta, caducas
Cogit opes, ficta et sub relligione pudendos
Occultat mores et, fama innixa parentum,
Seducit stolidum pietatis imagine vulgus.

[734] Mendonça, Damião de Goes e a Inquisição de Portugal.

[735] Corpo Diplomatico, X, 537, 569.

[736] Llorente, Hist. crít. Cap. XIX, Art. iii, n. 6.

[737] Corpo Diplomatico, XII, 23. As Cardinal Albrecht was only 25 years of age a special derogation of the minimum rule was necessary in his case. More remarkable is the fact that his commission granted him jurisdiction over bishops.

When Albrecht left Portugal, the commission of his successor, Antonio Bishop of Elvas July 12, 1596, contained no such provision; it enlarged his jurisdiction however from simple heresy to sorcery and divination and the censorship of the press.--Ibidem, p. 70.

[738] Historia dos principaes Actos, pp. 258-61, 294-7, 312-15. The numbers in the respective tribunals are--

Relaxed
In person. In effigy. Penanced.

Lisbon 29 6 559

Evora 98 16 1384

Coimbra 35 37 1036
---- ---- ------
162 59 2979

[739] Corpo Diplomatico, XII, 14.

[740] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 449.

[741] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[742] Páramo, p. 304.

[743] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 135, 141, 152, 227, 229.--Historia dos principaes Actos, p. 261.

The wealth of the Portuguese New Christians rendered such a payment an easy matter. In the memorial praying for pardon they admitted themselves to be worth eighty millions of ducats and, when Juan Nuñez Correa made an assessment among them, it was on the basis of seventy five millions.--Verdades Catholicas contra Ficciones Judaicas § 9 (MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch Seld A, Subt. 17).

This is a memorial by Luys de Melo, dean of the Chapter of Braga, written in 1652, when he was a refugee in the Spanish court. He had probably been involved in the conspiracy against the Braganza dynasty, for which the Archbishop of Braga, Sebastian de Noronha, was executed in 1641. His paper is bitter against the New Christians but, as we shall have occasion to see, it contains much that throws light on the subject.

[744] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 119.--Corpo Diplomatico Portugues, XII, 121.

[745] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 230-1.

[746] MSS. of Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII, Letra A, Tomo 4.

A quarter of a century later, in an argument against granting a similar pardon, we are told that the displeasure of God was not delayed for, on the very day when this auto was postponed, the silver fleet under Don Luis de Córdova was destroyed, inflicting an irreparable loss on Spain.--MSS. of E. N. Adler (Revue des Etudes Juives, No 99, p. 56).

[747] Historia dos principaes actos, pp. 261, 297, 315.

[748] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[749] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 60.

[750] Revista de Archivos, Marzo, 1903, p. 216.

[751] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 6.

[752] Pro Cautione Christiana, § 1 (MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch Seld, 130).

[753] Luys de Melo, Verdades Cathólicas, § 4--Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 257, n. 68.

[754] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 281, 341, 342.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 250, n. 66.

[755] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 257, n. 68.

[756] Breve Discurso contra a heretica perfidia do Judaismo, fol. 67, 172 (Lisboa, 1623).

[757] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 812, Lima, fol. 17.--In 1628 we find five refugees from Montemor earning their livelihood at Huelva.--Ib. fol. 18.

[758] Historia dos principaes Actos, pp. 262-7, 298-301, 316-21. The statistics of the respective tribunals are:--

Relaxed
In person. In effigy. Penanced.

Lisbon 75 51 1231
Evora 73 56 1891
Coimbra 82 54 1873
--- --- ----
230 161 4995

The pardons of 1627 and 1630 are indicated by the discharge of all the prisoners in the three Inquisitions (Ibidem, pp. 265, 299, 301, 319). These pardons were bitterly fought over. See the documents printed by E. N. Adler in _Revue des Etudes Juives_, No. 97, p. 66; No. 99, p. 54; No. 100, pp. 212, 216; No. 101, p. 99.

[759] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien, 1260. fol. 1, <small>I, § 11.

[760] See Adler's Documents, _Revue des Etudes Juives_, No. 100, p. 231.

[761] Luys de Melo, Verdades Cathólicas, § 4. This statement is confirmed by a memorial of the New Christians, who complain that there is scarce a town that is not depopulated; a single arrest suffices to bring about the imprisonment of all the people.--Adler's Documents (Revue des Etudes Juives, No. 97, p. 63).

[762] Verdades Cathólicas, § 5.--See Appendix.

[763] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 250, n. 66.

[764] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 250, n. 66.

[765] Verdades Cathólicas, § 6. The suggestions of the bishops, and especially the expulsion of the New Christians, were the subject of much debate and long consultas. See Adler's Documents in _Revue des Etudes Juives_, No. 97, p. 67; No. 100, p. 217; No. 101, pp. 98, 115; No. 102, p. 251.

[766] Verdades, § 7. There is probably an error as to the payment for permission to emigrate. The New Christians in a memorial state that to obtain it they took 240,000 ducats of government loans, and they complain bitterly of the obstacles thrown in the way of their leaving the kingdom.--Adler's Documents (Revue des Etudes Juives, No. 97, pp. 58-63; No. 100, pp. 224, 228).

[767] Verdades, ibidem, § 7.--It is remarkable that, at this period, there was no arrangement for extradition between the two institutions under the same crown. We have seen (Vol. I, p. 253) the concordia entered into in 1544, which continued in force at least until 1580. Subsequently it fell into abeyance and, in 1637, we find the Suprema asking the tribunals what was their custom (Arch. hist. nac., Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 1, fol. 295). This was evidently in preparation for an agreement made in 1638 for mutual extradition. The rebellion of 1640 of course put an end to it, but after the independence of Portugal was recognized, it was revived in 1669, though consultation with the Suprema was prescribed before surrendering persons claimed. All information asked for was to be freely exchanged, especially as regarded limpieza (Ibidem, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 78).

[768] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien, 1260, fol. 1, <small>I, §§ 11; 30; <small>II, §§ 5, 31; fonds latin, 12930, fol. 131.

[769] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 20, fol. 150.--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 240.

[770] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 21, fol. 67.

[771] Verdades Cathólicas, § 4, n. 4.

[772] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 49, fol. 45.

[773] Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanario erúdito, XXXI, 123).

[774] Corpo Diplomatico, XII, 360, 412, 416.--Historia dos principaes Actos, pp 268-71, 300-1, 320-1.

There was some falling off in the work of the tribunals during the decade 1641-50. The aggregates are:--

Relaxed
In person. In effigy. Penanced.
Lisbon 37 14 341
Evora 5 9 632
Coimbra 8 36 143
--- ---- -----
50 59 1116

[775] Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanario erúdito, XXXII, 66, 188).--Llorente, Hist, crít., Cap. <small>XIX, Art. iii, n. 7.

[776] Antonio de Vieira, S. J., asserts this in a letter to the Regent Pedro.--Relação exactissima, p. 140 (Veneza, 1750).

[777] Gams, Series Episcoporum, p. 102.--Anno historico Portuguez, II, 557.--Coleccion de Tratados de Paz; Felipe IV, Parte VII, pp. 485, 650.

[778] Printed in the "Noticias reconditas y posthumas del Procedimiento de las Inquisiciones de España y Portugal," pp. 1-8 (Villafranca, 1722).

[779] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds latin, 12930, fol. 11. Under this, Padre Antonio Vieira, S. J., must have been excommunicated for, in the Public Library of Evora there is a MS. entitled "Razoes que o Padre Antonio Vieira representou a D. João 4 a favor dos christãos novos para se lhes perdoar a confisção dos bens sendo sentenceados no Santo Officio."--Prof. Gottheil in _Jewish Quarterly Review_, Oct., 1901, p. 89.

[780] Relação exactissima, p. 93 (Veneza, 1750).

[781] Historia dos principaes Actos, pp. 270-5, 300-3, 320-5. For the years 1651-1673 the statistics are:--

Relaxed
In person. In effigy. Penanced.
Lisbon 68 18 868
Evora 54 41 2201
Coimbra 62 -- 1724
---- ---- ----
184 59 4793

[782] Padre Vieira, Discurso demonstrativo, p 121 (Veneza, 1750).

[783] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds latin, 12930, fol. 108.

[784] Ibidem, fonds italien, 1241, fol. 76.

[785] J. Mendes dos Remedios, Os Judeus em Portugal, I, 347-52 (Coimbra, 1895).

[786] In the Lisbon auto of May 10, 1682, the acquittals were read of eight victims who were pronounced innocent, after perishing in prison (Bodleian Library, Arch Seld. A, Subt. 16). In one at Coimbra, February 4, 1685, there were fifteen effigies burnt of prisoners who had died during trial.--Historia dos principaes Actos, p. 327.

[787] I see no reason to doubt that the "Noticias reconditas y posthumas del Procedimiento de las Inquisiciones de España y Portugal con sus presos. En Villafranca, 1722" is an elaborate statement drawn up by Vieira for Innocent XI. It appeared again under the title of "Relação exactissima.... do Procedimento das Inquisiçois de Portugal. Presentada a o Papa Ignocencio XI pello P. Antonio Vieira, Da Companhia de Jesus. En Veneza con Licença do Santo Officio MDCCL." It is no more bitter than his other writings on the subject, and its somewhat florid style is natural to so popular a preacher.

The author of the "Authentic Memoirs concerning the Portuguese Inquisition" (London, 1761 and 1769) gives on p. 47 a translation of a passage of this work which he says he made from a well-attested MS. in Portugal. There were, he adds, several copies in the handwriting of Vieira, and also in that of a secretary of the Inquisition who fled to Venice.

The Venice edition contains also two shorter papers by Vieira, one entitled "Discurso Demonstrativo," addressed to a friend, and the other "Discurso Segundo," addressed to the Regent Dom Pedro. They bear internal evidence of genuineness and the latter is included in the list of De Backer (Bibliothèque des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus, V, 761-2), together with other MS. works of his in favor of the New Christians. A number of such MSS. are preserved in the Public Library of Evora.--Prof. Gottheil in _Jewish Quarterly Review_, October, 1901, p. 89.

[788] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien, 1241, fol. 44.

These official papers relating to the discussion in Rome were brought to Paris by Cardinal d'Estrées, at that time ambassador to the papal court.

[789] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien, 1260, fol. 34.

[790] Ibidem, No. 1260, fol. 1, I, §§ 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 24, 34, 36; fol. 34; No. 1241, fol. 34.

[791] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien, 1241, fol. 12, 22, 24, 30, 33.

Vieira, in his letter to the Regent Pedro, asserts that of a hundred negativos burnt there was not a single one guilty, and that this must continue so long as the procedure remained unchanged.--Discurso segundo, pp. 136-7.

[792] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien, 1241, fol. 8, 9, 23.

[793] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds italien, 1241, fol. 127.

[794] Ibidem, fol. 42, 81, 159.

[795] Bullar. Roman. XI, 102, 198.--Historia dos principaes Actos, pp. 274, 324.

[796] Bullar. Roman. XI, 102, 198, 260; VII, 38.--Discurso demonstrativo, p. 116.

[797] Historia dos principaes Actos, pp. 275-9, 303-5, 325-9. The statistics are as follows:--

Relaxed
In person. In effigy. Penanced.

Lisbon 12 12 422
Evora 8 18 366
Coimbra 39 31 563
--- --- ----
59 61 1351

[798] Centinela contra Judíos, puesto en la Torre de la Iglesia, Barcelona, 1731.

[799] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 227.

[800] Feyjoo, Theatro, T. VII, Discurso V, § vi.--Englishmen were long reputed to have tails, in punishment for the murder of Thomas Becket.

[801] Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XVIII, 237, 255, 371).

[802] Juan Adan de la Parra, Pro Cautione Christiana, fol. 31-2, 34, 38 (Matriti, 1633).

[803] Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XIII, 85).--Historia de Felipe IV, Lib. VI (Coleccion de Documentos, LXXVII, 380).--Adolfo de Castro, Olivares y el Rey Felipe IV, pp. 133-4 (Cadiz, 1846).--Amador de los Rios, III, 546-7.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 2, fol. 224.

[804] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 222.--For the document containing the royal decision I am indebted to Elkan N. Adler Esq.

[805] Amador de los Rios, III, 521.

[806] Reusch, Die Indices des sechszehnten Jahrhunderts, pp. 235, 436.

[807] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 26, 28, 29, 31, 36.--Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XVII, 419, 493).--Basnage, Histoire des Juifs, IX, 744 (La Haye, 1716).--Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanario erúdito, XXXIII, 210).

[808] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 33, 37.

[809] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1.

[810] Ibidem, Lib. 812, Llerena, fol. 2-7. Cf. Ibidem, Cuenca, fol. 1-11; Lima, fol. 1 sqq.

[811] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg, 552, fol. 38.

[812] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[813] Relacion histórica de la Judería de Sevilla, pp. 94-8 (Sevilla, 1849).

[814] Procesos contra Diego Rodríguez Silva y Ana Enríquez (MSS. _penes me_).

[815] Catálogo de las causas seguidas ante el tribunal de Toledo, p. 212 (Madrid, 1903).

[816] Proceso contra Angela Pérez (MS. _penes me_).

[817] Proceso contra Angela Núñez Marques (MS. _penes me_). Angela's brother, Doctor Gerónimo Núñez Marques, was reconciled in the Madrid auto of 1680, where he is described as "Médico de familia de su Magestad."--Olmo, Relacion, p. 209.

[818] Proceso contra Angela Núñez Marques (MS. _penes me_).--Angela was No. 17 of the Madrid auto of 1680 (Olmo, p. 211).

[819] _Ubi sup._ (MSS. _penes me_).

[820] Exortacion al Herege, fol. 6 (Bodleian Library, Arch Seld. 130).--Sermam do Auto da fé em 6 de Setembro do anno de 1705, p. 5 (Lisboa, 1705). This sermon was translated by Moses Mocatta, together with a reply to it by Carlos Vero, London, 1845.

[821] Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdova.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inquisicion de Toledo, Leg. 1.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552.

[822] Archivo hist. nacional, Leg. 2, n. 10, fol. 1.

[823] Coleccion de Tratados de Paz; Carlos II, Parte I, p. 306.

[824] Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 158, 191 (MSS. of Am. Phil. Society).--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 2, fol. 117; Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[825] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 89.

[826] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 49, fol. 345.

[827] Gabriel Llabrés (Boletin, XL, 152-4).

[828] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 595, fol. 1.

[829] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 177.

[830] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 25, fol. 89.

[831] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 595, fol. 1; Lib. 69, fol. 69.--Taronji, Estado Social etc. de la Isla de Mallorca, pp. 241-2.

[832] Garau, La Fee triunfante, pp. 30-45, 49-50, 65-78, 111-22.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 68, fol. 258.

[833] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[834] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 15, 23, 71.

[835] Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdova, pp. 212-16.

[836] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

In Portugal there was greater activity. The list of autos in the "Historia dos principaes Actos," pp. 278-81, 304-7, 328-31, shows for the twenty years, 1701-20,

Relaxed
In person. In effigy. Penanced.
Lisbon 26 14 961
Evora 2 458
Coimbra 11 10 707
--- --- ----
37 26 2126

[837] Bibl. nacional, MSS., B^{b}, 122.

[838] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[839] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548. The summary of penalties is:--

Relaxation in person 75
" " effigy 74
Reconciliation 595
Confiscation 782
Prison and sanbenito 597
Scourging 191
Galleys 49
Exile 73
Abjuration _de levi_ 24
" _de vehementi_ 23

[840] The distribution of the cases was:--

In 1721 57
1722 252
1723 224
1724 157
1725 89
1726 24
1727 17

It is probable that the year 1727 is not complete in this collection.--Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[841] Matute y Luquin, _op. cit._, pp. 253-73.

[842] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[843] Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 375.

[844] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[845] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 9).

The Inquisition of Portugal continued active. For the years 1721 to 1794, the last recorded, the statistics are (Historia dos principaes Actos, pp. 280-91, 306-11, 332-9):--

Relaxed
In person. In effigy. Penanced.
Lisbon 131 17 1543
Evora 8 3 735
Coimbra 1210
---- ---- ----
139 20 3488

In this the superior energy and ferocity of the Lisbon tribunal is noteworthy; it relaxed no less than 66 persons in the years 1732-42. The last burning was of the unfortunate Padre Malagrida, in 1761 but, as late as 1760, Evora burnt four culprits.

As far as can be ascertained the total record of the Portuguese Inquisition, up to 1794, is 1175 relaxed in person, 633 in effigy and 29,590 penanced. The proportion of New Christians among these is impossible of ascertainment, but towards the last it diminished considerably, and, as in Spain, the jurisdiction included superstitious sorcery, blasphemy, bigamy, etc.

Under the ministry of the Marquis of Pombal, Dom José, April 8, 1768, deprived the Inquisition of censorship and, by successive edicts of May 2, 1768, June 16, 1773 and December, 1774, all distinctions between Old and New Christians were removed. An order of February 10, 1774, abolished the Inquisition of Goa, but the death of Dom José, in 1777, and the succession of Maria I drove Pombal from power, and it was revived in 1779, to be finally suppressed in 1812 (Vicente d'Abreu, pp. 6-7, 267-72, 274). In Portugal it was extinguished by the revolution of 1820.

In 1774 a new _Regimento_ was issued by the inquisitor-general, Cardinal da Cunha, in the preface of which the Jesuits are accused of having perverted the forms of procedure, causing all the evils with which it had afflicted the land. The new code removed many of the abuses of the old and King José, in the decree approving it, repeated the accusation of the Jesuits, holding them responsible for the ferocious and sanguinary corruptions, incompatible with the principles of natural reason and religion, which had rendered the Inquisition a horror to all Europe and had created within the monarchy an independent and autocratic body of ecclesiastics.--Regimento do Santo Officio da Inquisição, pp. 3 sqq. 31, 37, 39, 42, 55, 62-3, 71, 89, 144-5, 149, 154-5. (Lisboa, 1774).

English versions of both Regimentos--that of 1640 and that of 1774--are given by da Costa Pereira Furtado de Mendonça in the _Narrative of his Persecutions_ (London, 1811). He lay for three years, 1802 to 1805, in the prison of the Lisbon tribunal and, if his account is to be relied upon, the reforms of Pombal had already become obsolete.

[846] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

In 1783 Inquisitor-general Beltran instructed the tribunals that no one was to be arrested for Judaism without first submitting to him all the papers. At the same time he called for reports of all cases of Judaism there pending, to which Valencia replied that it had none.--Ibidem, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 16, n. 5, fol. 59; Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 136.

[847] Novís. Recop., Lib. <small>XII, T. i, ley 4.

[848] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473.

[849] Proceso contra Diego Rodríguez Silva (MS. _penes me_).

[850] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 3, fol. 183.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. <small>XXII.

[851] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 112.

[852] De Lamberty, Mémoires pour servir, VIII, 379.

[853] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 52.

[854] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 222.

[855] Ibidem, Leg. 100.

[856] Amador de los Rios, III, 552-3.

[857] Novís. Recop., Lib. <small>XII, Tit. i, ley 5.

[858] Amador de los Rios, III, 557.

[859] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 435^{2}.

[860] MS. _penes me_.

[861] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473.

[862] Ibidem, Lib. 559.

[863] Lindo's History of the Jews, p. 377.

[864] Amador de los Rios, III, 561-2.--Paredes, Curso de Derecho político, p. 666 (Madrid, 1883).

[865] Elkan N. Adler, in Jewish Quarterly Review, April, 1901, p. 392.

[866] P. Angel Tineo Heredia, Los Judíos en España, pp. 44, 48 (Madrid, 1881).

[867] The long-drawn tragedy of the Moriscos can only be outlined within the compass of a chapter and I must refer the reader, who desires greater detail, to my "Moriscos of Spain, their Conversion and Expulsion" (Philadelphia 1901). Since that volume was issued Padre Pascual Boronat y Barrachina has published two octavo volumes on the subject--"Los Moriscos españoles y su Expulsion" (Valencia, 1901) in which his industry has accumulated a very copious mass of original documents; of these I have here freely availed myself.

[868] Yanguas y Miranda, Diccionario de Antigüedades del Reino de Navarra II, 433 (Pamplona, 1840).

[869] Fray Jayme Bleda, Corónica de los Moros, p. 877 (Valencia, 1618).

[870] Pulgar, Crónica de los Reyes Católicas, <small>II, lxxvii.--Archivo gén. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol. 96.--Padre Fidel Fita (Boletin, XV, 323-5, 327, 328, 330; XXIII, 431).

[871] Fernández y González, p. 421.--Coleccion de Documentos, VIII, 411.--Marmol Carvajal, Rebelion y Castigo de los Moriscos de Granada, pp. 146-50 (Biblioteca de Autores españoles, Tom. XXI).

[872] Coleccion de Documentos, XI, 569; XIV, 496.--Janer, Condicion social de los Moriscos, p. 127.

[873] Printed in Appendix to the author's "Moriscos," p. 403.

[874] Marmol Carvajal, p. 153.--Salazar de Mendoza, Crónica del gran Cardenal de España, p. 251 (Toledo, 1625).

[875] Marmol Carvajol, p. 152.--Pedraza, Hist. eccles. de Granada, fol. 174, 186-7.

[876] Gomesii de Rebus gestis a Francisco Ximenio, Lib. <small>IV, fol. 65; Lib. <small>V, fol. 128; Lib. <small>VII, fol. 219.

[877] The principal authority for all this is Marmol Carvajal (Rebelion y Castigo, pp. 153-6), but there are also accounts by Gomez (De Rebus gestis, Lib. <small>II, fol. 30-33); Zurita (Hist. del Rey Hernando, Lib. <small>III, cap. xliv); Galíndez de Carvajal (Coleccion de Docum. XVIII, 296); Bernaldez (Hist. de los Reyes Catholicos, p. 145); Pedraza (Hist. ecles. de Granada, fol. 193, 196).

[878] Clemencin, Elogio de la Reina Isabel, pp. 291-3 (Madrid, 1821).--Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 26.

[879] Zurita, Galíndez de Carvajal, Marmol Carvajal, Bernaldez, _ubi sup._

[880] Nueva Recop. Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, ley 8.

[881] When, or on what terms, this exemption was granted to the Moriscos of Granada I have been unable to ascertain, but it is referred to repeatedly in subsequent documents as a matter of common knowledge.

[882] Boronat, Los Moriscos españoles, I, 113.

[883] Nueva Recop., Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, ley 4.--Cf. Fernández y González, p. 219.

[884] Galíndez de Carvajal (Col. de Documentos, XVIII, 301-4). Zurita, while quoting Carvajal, disputes this, but admits that the conversion was not voluntary.--Hist. del Rey Hernando, Lib. <small>IV, cap. 54.

[885] Col. de Documentos, XXXVI, 447.

[886] Bravo, Catálogo de los Obispos de Córdova, I, 411 (Córdova, 1788).

[887] Gomesii de Rebus gestis Lib. <small>III, fol. 77.

[888] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion, p. 74.

[889] Concil. Hispalens., ann. 1512, Cap. 2 (Aguirre, V, 363).

[890] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 3, fol. 72.

[891] Mariana, Hist. de España, Ed. 1796, Tom. IX, Append, p. lvi.

[892] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 4, fol. 97; Lib. 9, fol. 2, 13, 29; Lib. 940 fol. 69, 131, 185.

[893] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 89.--Danvila y Collado, p. 98.

[894] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 111, fol. 127; PV, 3, n. 20.--Procesos contra Mari Serrana, Mari Naranja, Mari Gómez la Sazeda (MSS. _penes me_).

[895] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 3.

[896] Bleda, Corónica, p. 905.

[897] MSS. _penes me_.--MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[898] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[899] Pedraza, Hist. ecles. de Granada, fol. 236-8.

[900] Sandoval, Hist. de Carlos V, Lib. <small>XIV, cap. 18.--Guevara, Epístolas familiares p. 543.

[901] Sandoval, _ubi sup._--Dormer, Añales de Aragon, Lib. <small>II, cap. vii.--Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 926, fol. 80.

[902] Dormer, _ubi sup._--Bleda, Corónica, p. 566.--Marmol Carvajal, p. 158.--Nueva Recop., Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, leyes 13, 15, 17.

[903] Dormer, Bleda, Marmol Carvajal, _loc. cit._--Relazioni Venete, Serie I, Tom. V, p. 37.

[904] Rule, History of the Inquisition, I, 172 (London, 1874).

[905] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 80-2, 86-7.--Gachard, Retraite et Mort de Charles-quint, II, 356.

[906] Mendoza, Guerra de Granada, p. 71 (Bibl. de Autores españoles, T. XXI).

[907] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion, p. 172.

[908] Marmol Carvajal, p. 160.--Cabrera, Felipe Segundo, pp. 293, 429 (Madrid, 1619).--Memoria de Mondéjar, pp. 14-16 (Morel-Fatio, L'Espagne an xvi^{e} et xvii^{e} Siècle).--Mendoza, p. 71.--Pedraza, fol. 239.

[909] Cabrera, p. 393.--Pedraza, fol. 238.

[910] Cabrera, pp. 394, 466.--Pedraza, fol. 238-9.

[911] Memoria de Mondéjar (Morel-Fatio, p. 17).--Marmol Carvajal, p. 167.--Cabrera, p. 465.--Pedraza, fol. 239.

[912] Marmol Carvajal, pp. 161-2.--Pedraza, fol. 239.