Chapter XXXVI: Conclusion: Of Sentence of Relaxation of Don Gaspar De Centellas, for (4)

This prohibition of bathing, even by Christians, is a curious illustration of the civilization of the period. It had degenerated since the Fuero of Teruel, granted in 1176, by Alfonso II of Aragon, which prescribed that the public bath should be used by men on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, by women on Mondays and Wednesdays, and by Jews and Moors on Fridays. On Sundays the bath was closed and no water was heated.--Forum Turolii: Transcripcion de Francisco Aznar y Navarro, p. 142 (Zaragoza, 1905).

[913] Marmol Carvajal, pp. 166, 168.--Cabrera, p. 465.--Pedraza, fol. 240.

[914] Marmol Carvajal, p. 167.--Pedraza, fol. 241.

[915] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 145.

The Córtes of 1570 petitioned Philip to repeal the prohibition of using arquebuses in the chase, pointing out that the war in Granada had shown the scarcity of the weapon in Spain and the lack of men that could use it. They also referred to the difficulty experienced in arming the levies and suggested that the cities and towns should be permitted to provide armories at their own cost under such restrictions as the king might prescribe. To these petitions the royal replies were equivocal. It is all highly significant of the suspicions entertained by the monarch as to the loyalty of his subjects.--Córtes de Córdova del año de setenta, fol. 6, 12 (Alcalá, 1575).

[916] Córtes de Córdova del año de setenta, fol. 13 (Alcalá, 1575).

[917] Dépêches de M. de Fourquevaux, I, 354 (Paris, 1896).

[918] Marmol Carvajal, p. 277.--Mendoza, p. 92.

[919] Marmol Carvajal, pp. 341, 364.--Col. de Documentos, XXVIII, 156.

[920] Bibl. nacional, MSS., G. 50, fol. 240.

[921] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 407.

[922] Nueva Recop., Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, ley 22.

[923] Janer, p. 256.

[924] Obras de Cervantes, p. 242 (Ed. Ribadeneyra).

[925] Córtes de Madrid del año de setenta y tres, Peticion 96 (Alcalá, 1575).

[926] Janer, p. 272.--Boronat, I, 626.

[927] Janer, p. 270.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 905.--Nueva Recop., Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, ley 24.

[928] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 451.

[929] Ximenez, Vida de Ribera, p. 379.

[930] Janer, p. 272.--Boronat, I, 318.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 921.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, Expulsion de los Moriscos, fol. 122-3 (Pamplona, 1613).--Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 355.

[931] Sandoval, Lib. XII, § xxviii.

[932] Danvila y Collado, pp. 75, 76.--Constitutions y altres Drets de Cathalunya, p. 34 (Barcelona, 1688).

[933] Fernández y González, p. 441.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 641; Ejusd. Defensio Fidei, p. 156.

[934] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1.

[935] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 76.

[936] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 132.

[937] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 245.

[938] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1.--Múñoz, Diario Turolense, ann. 1502 (Boletin, 1895, p. 10).

[939] Ibidem, Lib. 14, fol. 80; Lib. 940, fol. 69, 131, 185.

[940] This work was subsequently prohibited. Nevertheless Salvatierra, Bishop of Segorbe, in 1587 asked Philip II to permit its reprinting for the benefit of priests laboring among the Moriscos.--Boronat, I, 614.

[941] Archivo hist, nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 98.

In the Appendix will be found a table of all the cases of heresy tried by the Valencia tribunal from 1455 to 1592. In the fifteenth century the culprits must have been almost exclusively Judaizers. Then in time Moriscos were mingled with them, but the blanks in the fifth, sixth and seventh decades, during which the Moriscos, as we shall see, were exempted from the Inquisition, show that Judaizers had virtually disappeared, except those punished in 1544, 1545 and 1546, for retraction of confession (See Vol. II, p. 584).

There is also an imperfect table of the cases of relaxation. An examination of these tables will show the varying activity of the Inquisition of the period.

[942] Danvila y Collado, La Germanía de Valencia, pp. 146, 471.--Pet. Mart. Angler. Lib. <small>XXXIII, Epp. 659-61.

[943] MS. Informacio super Conversione Sarracenorum.--I possess the original document.

[944] MS. Informacio.--Danvila y Collado, Germanía, p. 184.

[945] MS. Informacio.--Danvila, Germanía, pp. 473, 474.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 400.--Loazes, Tractatus super nova paganorum Regni Valentiæ Conversione, col. 12 (Valentiæ, 1525)

[946] Danvila y Collado, Germanía, p. 489.

[947] Guevara, Epistolas familiares, pp. 639-42.

[948] Cap. 13 in Sexto, Lib. <small>V, Tit. ii.

[949] Hostiensis Aureæ Summæ Lib. <small>III, de Baptismo § 11; Lib. <small>V, de Judæis § 5.--S. Th. Aquinat. Summæ P. <small>III, Q. lxviii, Art, 8 ad 4; Q. lxix, Art. 9 ad 1.--S. Bonaventura in IV Sentt. Dist. <small>IV P. 1, art. 2, Q. 1.--S. Antoninæ Summæ P. <small>II, Tit. xii, Cap. 2, § 1.--Summa Sylvestrina s. v. _Baptismus_ <small>IV, § 10.

[950] Albertus Magnus in IV Sentt., Dist. <small>VI, Art. 10.--Duns Scotus in IV Sentt. Dist. <small>IV, Q. 4, 5.--Summa Angelica S. V. _Baptismus_ <small>VI, §§ 6, 12.

The facility with which, in this matter, the Church adapted its theories to accomplished facts is well exhibited by Cardinal Toletus (Summæ Casuum Conscientiæ Lib. <small>II, cap. xxi). After explaining that, in adult baptism, three prerequisites are necessary--intention, faith and sorrow for sins committed--he proceeds "Hæc autem non eodem modo sunt necessaria. Intentio namque ita est necessaria ut si desit actualis vel virtualis, non sit baptismus. Unde fit ut qui renuens invitus baptizatur, non sit vere baptizatus; si tamen interius consensit, quamvis metu et vi, tunc baptizatus est et recepit characterem, sed non gratiam; cogendusque est ut maneat in fide Christiana." Thus the coerced convert was burdened with the responsibilities of baptism while denied its spiritual benefits.

[951] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 97.

[952] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion, p. 88.

[953] MS. Informacio.

[954] Loazes, Tractatus, col. 1, 17, 45, 60-1, 62.

[955] Sandoval, Lib. <small>XIII, § xxviii.--Sayas, Añales de Aragon, cap. cxxvii.--Danvila y Collado, Expulsion, pp. 90-1.

[956] Sandoval, Sayas, _loc. cit._--Bleda, Corónica, p. 647.

[957] Fonseca, Giusto Scacciamento, p. 11 (Roma, 1611).--Bleda, _loc. cit._--Ejusd. Defensio Fidei, p. 123.

[958] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 47.--Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. II, fol. 58.

[959] Sandoval, _loc. cit._--Sayas, _loc. cit._--Danvila y Collado, pp. 92-3.--Boronat, I, 141.

[960] Sayas, _loc. cit._

[961] Llorente, Añales, II, 287.

[962] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 285.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp. 463-66.

[963] Danvila y Collado, pp. 94-8.--Fernández y González, p. 443.--Sayas, cap. cxxvii.

[964] Sayas, _loc. cit._--Danvila, pp. 97-8.

[965] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 285.--Boronat, I, 403.

[966] Sayas, cap. cxxvii.--Llorente, Añales, II, 296.--Danvila, p. 99.

Boronat asserts (I, 157) that the greater part of the Valencian Moors embarked at Coruña, while large numbers, from the rest of Spain, went to France by way of Biscay, but he cites no authority and the documents and contemporary writers are silent as to any such exodus, while statistics and the course of events show that, except those who escaped to Barbary, practically the whole Moorish population was retained.

[967] Guevara, Epistolas familiares, p. 543.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 3.

Bleda (Defensio Fidei, p. 125) says that Guevara exaggerates and that in 1573 there were in Valencia only 19,801 Morisco families.

It is not easy to determine the Morisco population of Valencia. A detailed list of the whole kingdom, dated 1520 (but which Padre Boronat thinks was corrected up to 1550) gives a total of 52,689 hearths of Old Christians and 31,815 of New Christians. In 1582 Ximenez de Reinosso, Valencian Inquisitor, estimated the Morisco population at from 19,000 to 20,000 families. About 1601, Feliciano de Figueroa, Bishop of Segorbe, assumed that there were 460 Morisco settlements, comprising 28,000 hearths and 120,000 souls in all.--Boronat, I, 428-42, 596; II, 431.

[968] Sandoval, Lib. <small>XIII, § xxix.--Dormer, Lib. <small>II, cap. viii, ix.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 649.

[969] Sayas, cap. cxxx.--Dormer, Lib. <small>II, cap. i.

[970] Sandoval, Lib. <small>XIII, § xxviii.--Dormer, _loc. cit._

[971] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 108.

[972] Boronat, I, 423-8.

[973] Ibidem, I, 162-5.

[974] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 76, fol. 183.

[975] Ibidem, fol. 312.

[976] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 38, 39.

[977] Col. de Documentos, XVIII, 106-13.--Archivo de Simancas, _loc. cit._, fol. 37.

[978] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 9; Lib. 922, fol. 15.

[979] Ibidem, Inquisicion, Lib. 78, fol. 192; Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 37, 38.--Col. de Documentos, XVIII, 114, 116.--Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>III, fol. 33.

[980] Col. de Documentos, XVIII, 119-24.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp. 333-6.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 187.

[981] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 922, fol. 15.

[982] Danvila y Collado, pp. 183-88.--Cf. Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 107.

[983] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 3.--Danvila y Collado, p. 228.

[984] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 14, 15.

[985] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 10, fol. 79.--Danvila y Collado, p. 263.

[986] Ibidem, Leg. 98, 99.

[987] Boronat, I, 540-69.

[988] Gachard, Voyages des Souverains des Pays-Bas, I, 208.

[989] Sayas, cap. ex.--Dormer, Lib. <small>II, cap. i.

[990] Danvila y Collado, p. 116.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, p. 190.

[991] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>II, fol. 94, 96, 105.

[992] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 77, fol. 227.

[993] Col. de Documentos, T. V, p. 81.

[994] Ibidem, T. V, pp. 92, 93, 102-7.

[995] Danvila y Collado, pp. 167-71.--Boronat, I, 238.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, p. 192.--Aguirre, Concil. Hispan. V, 415, 419, 432.

[996] Boronat, II, 45-6, 69-71, 169, 435, 438, 478, 683.

[997] Ibidem, II, 436, 440-3.

[998] Danvila y Collado, pp. 126, 129, 181, 183, 194.--Boronat, I, 443-69, 569.

[999] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 3.

[1000] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 57, 80.--Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>II, fol. 79.

[1001] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 49, 53, 59, 63, 67.--Bulario, Lib. <small>III, fol. 51, 85, 88, 109; Lib. <small>IV, fol. 24, 103.--Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 1049.--Boronat, I, 495.

[1002] Boronat, II, 439.

[1003] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>IV, fol. 128.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 71.

[1004] Boronat, I, 669; II, 8.--Escolano, Decada primera de la Historia de Valencia, II, 1783-97 (Valencia, 1610-11).

[1005] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 5, fol. 185, 186, 220, 295, 297-99.

[1006] Danvila y Collado, p. 130.

[1007] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 33.

[1008] Col. de Documentos, T. V, p. 104.

[1009] Ibidem, pp. 100, 101, 107, 108, 122.

[1010] Archivo de Simancas, Sala 40, Lib. <small>IV, fol. 262.

[1011] Danvila y Collado, pp. 164, 167.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 98.

[1012] Discorso de la Vida de D. Martin de Ayala (Revista crítica de Historia y Literatura, 1902, p. 375).

[1013] Dormer, Lib. <small>II, cap. i.--Danvila y Collado, pp. 101, 105.

[1014] The _zofres_ or _zofras_ were imposts or excise paid by the Mudéjares in addition to the division of crops. It remained a grievance to the last.--Ximenez, Vida de Ribera, pp. 362, 444.

[1015] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>I de copias, fol. 118.

[1016] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 77, fol. 227.

[1017] Boronat, I, 531; II, 147.

[1018] Bleda, Corónica, p. 1030; Defensio Fidei, pp. 47, 51.--Fonseca, Giusto Scacciamento, p. 65.

[1019] Danvila y Collado, pp, 128, 133, 211.--Boletin, Abril 1887, p. 288.--Boronat, I, 469.

[1020] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. <small>IV, fol. 263.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.

[1021] Danvila y Collado, p. 127.--Col. de Documentos, V, 88, 102, 123.--Janer, Condicion social de los Moriscos, p. 342.--Boronat, I, 233.--Danvila, in Boletin, Abril, 1877, pp. 276-306.

[1022] Guadalajara y Xavierr, Expulsion de los Moriscos, fol. 62.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 13, fol. 372--Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 407.

[1023] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 296.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 64.--Lanuza, Historias de Aragon, II, 417 (Zaragoza, 1622).

[1024] Bledæ Defensio Fidei, p. 372.--Fonseca, p. 377.

[1025] Navarrete, Conservacion de Monarquías, pp. 51-3 (Madrid, 1626).

[1026] Bleda, Corónica, pp. 951-2.

[1027] Fonseca, p. 72.--Cf. Bleda, _op. cit._, p. 905.

[1028] C. Trident. Sess., <small>XXIV, de Reform. Matrim. C. 1.

[1029] Danvila y Collado, p. 169.--Aguirre, Concil. Hispan. V, 418.

[1030] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>IV, fol. 101, 102.--Boronat, I, 661.

[1031] Nueva Recop., Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, ley 13, cap. ix.

[1032] Boronat, I, 589.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp. 57, 42al.--Danvila, p. 230.

[1033] Boronat, I, 208-12--Escolano, II, 1746-68, 1798-1810.--Persiles y Sigismunda, Lib. <small>II, cap. xi.

[1034] Danvila y Collado, pp. 161, 182, 205, 207.

[1035] Boronat, I, 207.--Constitutions en la Cort de Barcelona en lany 1520; en lany 1547 (Barcelona, 1520, 1548).

[1036] Pet. Mart. Angler. Epist. 499.--Mariana, Hist. de España, IX, 217 (Ed. 1796).

[1037] Danvila y Collado, pp. 109-12, 118, 129, 132, 210.--Nueva Recop., Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, ley 20.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 69, 184.--Boronat, I, 471, 499.

[1038] Fonseca, pp. 341, 343.

[1039] Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 160-3.

[1040] Pet. Mart. Angler., Epist. 499.

[1041] Escolano, II, 1448.

[1042] Boronat, I, 179.

[1043] Danvila y Collado, p. 158.

[1044] Dépêches de M. de Fourquevaux, I, 8, 13.

[1045] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30.

[1046] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, pp. 165, 241.

[1047] Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp. 272, 276, 285.

[1048] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 5, fol. 192.

[1049] Mémoires du Duc de la Force, I, 217-20, 339-15 (Paris, 1843).--Escolano, II, 1811-18.

[1050] Janer, p. 274.

[1051] Mémoires de la Force, I, 217, 221-2.

[1052] Ambassade en Turquie de Jean de Gontaut-Biron, Baron de Salignac, II, 353 (Paris, 1889).

[1053] Danvila y Collado, pp. 250-4.

[1054] Bleda, Corónica, p. 928; Defensio Fidei, pp. 13-14, 502.

[1055] Boronat, I, 291-4, 596, 603-4.--Danvila y Collado, pp. 196-200.

The memorial, in a somewhat more elaborate form, was presented to the conference of bishops in Valencia, November 22, 1608, when Ribera pronounced it to be a hallucination, founded on ignorance--Boronat, II, 132, 493 sqq.

[1056] Boronat, I, 610-34.

[1057] Danvila y Collado, p. 227.

[1058] Boronat, II, 64.

[1059] Boronat, I, 366.

[1060] Ibidem, II, 75, 98-111.

[1061] Boronat, II, 464-74.

[1062] Ximenez, Vida de Juan de Ribera, p. 381.

[1063] Janer, p. 299.

[1064] Danvila y Collado, pp. 274-86.--Boronat, II, 506.--Janer, pp. 282-91.

[1065] Ximenez, p. 397.--Boronat, II, 501.

[1066] Boronat, II, 501, 167.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 988.

[1067] Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 109.--Fonseca, pp. 148-58.

[1068] Janer, p. 299.

[1069] Fonseca, pp. 165, 198.

[1070] Fonseca, pp. 199 sqq.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 2--Bleda, Corónica, p. 1000.

[1071] Danvila y Collado, p. 301.--Fonseca, p. 219.

[1072] Boronat, II, 240.

[1073] Fonseca, pp. 202 sqq., 219.--Janer, p. 203.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 1004.--Boronat, II, 210.

[1074] Fonseca, pp. 212-22.--Escolano, II, 1988.--Bleda, Corónica, pp. 999, 1001-3, 1005-7, 1020.--Boronat, II, 234.

A report, apparently drawn up by the Valencia tribunal, puts the number at the more moderate figure of 100,656, viz., at Valencia, 17,766; at Alicante, 32,000; at Denia, 30,000; at Vinaros, 15,200; and at Moncofar, 5,690.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 2.

[1075] Fonseca, pp. 234-49.--Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1009-20.--Escolano, II, 1972.

[1076] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 386, 390, 396, 402.--Nueva Recop., Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, ley 25.--Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1038-42.--Janer, pp. 295, 296.--Cf. Bravo, Catálogo de los Obispos de Córdova, p. 582.

[1077] Guadalajara, fol. 144.--Aguilar y Caro, Memorial Ostipense, I, 164-66. (Estepa, 1886).

[1078] Danvila y Collado, p. 292.--Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 386, 389, 390.--Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1036-7.

[1079] Danvila y Collado, p. 310.--Boronat, II, 288-91.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 1051.--Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 393, 396.

[1080] Tapía, Historia de la Civilizacion española, III, 272.--Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 402.--Bofarull y Broca, Historia de Cataluña, VII, 292 (Barcelona, 1878).--Watson's Philip III, Appendix B.

[1081] Lanuza, II, 49.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 1045.--Danvila y Collado, p. 311.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 124-8.

[1082] Janer, p. 280--Boronat, II, 298, 301, 596.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp. 602-6, 612-18.--Watson's Philip III, Appendix B.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 135-41.

[1083] Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1046-50.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 142.--Janer, p. 90.--Lanuza, II, 249.

[1084] Mémoires de Richelieu, I, 88 (Paris, 1823).

[1085] Mémoires de la Force, II, 8-12, 288-311.

[1086] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 410, 413, 415, 418.

[1087] Janer, pp. 344, 345, 350.--Boronat, II, 293-4.--Bleda Corónica, pp. 1051-2; Defensio Fidei, pp. 524-5, 607-12.--Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 415.

[1088] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 434, 437, 440, 522.--Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1044, 1057-8, 1060.--Janer, pp. 351, 355, 356, 357, 360.--Danvila y Collado, pp. 212, 213.

[1089] Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1058-60.--Janer, pp. 361-66.--Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 531, 546.--Danvila y Collado, pp. 314, 317.--Boronat, II, 285-7, 593.

[1090] Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1021-3.--V. de la Fuente, Hist. eccles. de España, III, 228.--Boronat, I, 197; II, 307.

[1091] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 372.

[1092] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 224.

[1093] Autos acordados, Lib. <small>VIII, Tit. ii, Autos 4, 6.

[1094] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 552, fol. 22, 23.

[1095] E. N. Adler, in Jewish Quarterly Review, XIII, 417.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1479, fol. 2.

In Mr. Adler's paper, by a printer's error, the auto of Oct. 10th is attributed to Córdova May 15th.

[1096] Matute y Luquin, p. 268.

[1097] Danvila y Collado, p. 318.

[1098] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[1099] Guadalajara y Xavierr, Expulsion, fol. 163; Historia Pontifical, V, 161.--Escolano, II, 1990.--Navarrete, Conservacion de Monarquías, p. 50.--Dávila, Vida y Hechos del Rey Felipe III, p. 151.--Von der Hammer y Leon, Felipe el Prudente, fol. 33.--Alfonsi Sanctii de Rebus Hispan. Anacephaleosis, p. 390.

[1100] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. <small>XII, art. 1, n. 20.--Janer, p. 143.--V. de la Fuente III, 229.--Danvila y Collado, pp. 337-40.--Boronat, II, 307.

[1101] Pellegrini, Relazioni di Ambasciatori Lucchesi, p. 32 (Lucca, 1903).

[1102] Fonseca, pp. 222-6.

[1103] Ambassade de Salignac, II, 389, 434.--Mémoires de Richelieu, I, 89.

[1104] Decret. Sac. Congr. S. Officii, p. 435 (Bibl. del R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).

[1105] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 391, 396.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 2.--Juan Ripol, Diálogo de Consuelo, fol. 20 (Pamplona, 1613)--Bleda, Corónica, p. 1021.--Escolano, II, 1988.

[1106] Boronat, II, 243-5.

[1107] Escolano, II, 1992.

[1108] Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 404.

[1109] Escolano (II, 2001) attributes the slow fever which ended Ribera's life, in January 1611, to the execration aroused by the misery of the kingdom resulting from the expulsion, for which he was held responsible, and to the vexations endured in his unsparing endeavors to root out the remnants.

[1110] Janer, p. 343.

[1111] Watson's Philip III, Appendix B.

[1112] Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 458.

[1113] Mémoires de Richelieu, I, 86.

[1114] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 595.--The next Lutheran relaxation in Majorca did not occur until 1645, and then it was the effigy of the fugitive Jan Anhelant, a Hollander.

[1115] Balan, Monumenta Reform. Lutheranæ, p. 79 (Ratisbonæ, 1883).

[1116] Llorente, Añales, II, 253.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 1.

[1117] Bergenroth, Calendar of Spanish State Papers, Supplement, pp. 376, 384. See also Danvila, Historia de las Comunidades, III, 580-3 (Mem. hist. español, XXXVII).

[1118] In my "Chapters from the Religious History of Spain" there will be found fuller details of this episode drawn, for the most part, from the excellent account given by Menéndez y Pelayo in his _Heterodoxos Españoles_, Vol. II.

[1119] Archivo hist. nacional. Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 74.

[1120] Nic. Anton. Bibl. Nova, s. v.--Heterodoxos españoles, II, 63.

[1121] Don Manuel Serrano y Sanz has given a full analysis of this case, from the documents, in the _Revista de Archivos_, Dic. 1901, Enero y Junio, 1902.

[1122] Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 94.--Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. <small>XIV, art. ii, n. 4-12.

Virués must have taken possession of his see, for he is said to have died at Telde, a village near Las Palmas, the capital of the Grand Canary.--Murga, Constituciones Sinodales del Obispado de la Gran Canaria, fol. 320 (Madrid, 1634).

[1123] Mémoires de Francisco de Enzinas, Ed. Campan, II, 158-70 (Bruxelles, 1862).

[1124] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 31.

[1125] Llorente, Hist. crít. cap. <small>XVIII, art. ii, n. 8; cap. <small>XXIX, art. ii, n. 8, 9, 10.--Mig. Medinæ Disput. de Indulg., cap. XLVIII.

We find Miguel de Medina, in 1570, acting as consultor in the trial at Toledo of Dr. Sigismondo Arquer for Lutheranism.--Schäfer, Beiträge zur Geschichte des spanischen Protestantismus, II, 228 (Gütersloh, 1902).

[1126] Bullar. Roman. I, 613.--Reusch, Der Index der verbotenen Bücher, I, 72.

[1127] Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 315-16.

[1128] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 76, fol. 27; Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1129] Boronat, I, 174.

[1130] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30, n. 10; Leg. 31.

[1131] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>I de copias, fol. 97.

[1132] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1133] Ibidem, Lib. 76, fol. 401.

[1134] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>I de copias, fol. 98.--See Appendix.

[1135] Catálogo de las causas seguidas en el Tribunal de Toledo, p. 113 (Madrid, 1903).

[1136] Laemmer, Monumenta Vaticana Sæc. XVI, p. 244 (Friborgi, 1861).

[1137] Mémoires de Francisco de Enzinas, II, 172-216.--Schäfer, III, 9, 738.

Francisco de Enzinas, or Dryander, does not come within our horizon, as he left Spain before he became a Protestant and, as he never returned, the Spanish Inquisition had nothing to do with him. His curious Latin memoirs, with a contemporary French translation, have been published by the Société de l'Histoire de Belgique (Bruxelles, 1862-3). A German version, by Hedwig Böhmer, appeared at Bonn, in 1893. Eduard Böhmer, with his customary exhaustiveness, has collected everything that can be gleaned about him, in his _Bibliotheca Wiffeniana_, I, 133 sqq.

[1138] Reginaldi Gonsalvii Montani S. Inquisit. hispan. Artes aliquot detectæ, pp. 159-64 (Heidelbergæ, 1567).

[1139] Schäfer, II, 378 sqq.

[1140] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Barcelona, Córtes, Leg. 17, fol. 83.--See Appendix.

[1141] Ibidem, Inq., Lib. 79, fol. 98.

[1142] Schäfer, II, 342-53. The account of Dr. Egidio by Llorente (Hist. crít., cap. <small>XVIII, art. i, n. 8-20), borrowed from González de Montes, is shown by Schäfer to be wholly incorrect.

[1143] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 375.

[1144] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>III, fol. 88.

[1145] Schäfer, II, 1-271, 342, 352. The statistics are as follows:--

Natives. Foreigners.
Barcelona -- 8
Logroño 18 30
Valencia -- 2
Saragossa 5 6
Cuenca 5 3
Granada -- 3
Llerena 1 --
Toledo 8 14
Seville 2 --

There are none reported from Córdova, Murcia, Santiago or Majorca prior to 1558.

[1146] Schäfer, I, 348-66.--Böhmer, Bibliotheca Wiffeniana, Vol. II.

[1147] Cipriano de Valera was the author of _Los dos Tratados del Papa y de la Misa_, of which two editions appeared in London, in 1588 and 1599, reprinted by the pious care of Usoz y Rio, in 1851, as Volume VI of his _Reformistas antiguos españoles_. Of this work there have been two English translations, one by John Golburne in 1600, and the other by J. Savage in 1704. Two other tracts by Valera, _Tratado para confirmar en la Fe Christiana and Aviso sobre Jubileos_, are in Vol. VIII of the _Reformistas_. His largest work was a translation of the great _Institutio_ of Calvin, reproduced as Vol. XIV of the _Reformistas_.

Cassiodoro de Reina became the head of Protestant churches, Spanish and French, in London, Antwerp and Frankfort. His chief work was the translation of the Bible into Castilian--a version passing under the name of Cipriano de Valera, who issued a revised edition. Printed in modern times by the Bible Society, it has a circulation throughout Spanish-speaking lands vastly greater than the author could have anticipated three hundred years ago.--Böhmer, _op. cit._, II, 165.

[1148] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 3; Lib. 79, fol. 146.--The three books condemned were _Exposicio del Psalmo Beatus vir_, Sevilla, 1546, 1551; _Cathecismo cristiano_, Anvers, 1546, Seville, 1547, and _Confesion de un pecador delante de Jesucristo_, impr. sin author por Jullio, 1547. These are all in the Valdés Index of 1559, together with two others of his--_Suma de doctrina cristiana_ and _Dialogo de doctrina cristiana_.--Reuch, Die Indices des XVI Jahrhunderts, p. 232.

[1149] Juan Pérez was held in much honor by Calvin and, as the little company of refugees increased, he formed them into a congregation of which he was pastor. In 1562 he went to France and took charge of a church at Blois, becoming subsequently chaplain to Renée de France, the widowed Duchess of Ferrara, whose Huguenot tendencies are well known. In 1567 he died in Paris, leaving his little accumulations for the good work of printing books in furtherance of the faith. In 1556 he issued a Castilian New Testament; in 1557, a prose translation of the Psalms, and these were followed by a number of other works.--Böhmer, _op. cit._, II, 57.

Several of his writings were included by Usoz y Rios in the _Reformistas_, viz.: _Epistola consolatoria_, in Vol. II; _Carta á Felipe_ II, in Vol. III; _Breve Tratado de la Doctrina antigua de Dios_, in Vol. VII; _Suplicacion al Rey Don Philipe_, in Vol. XII; _Breve Sumario de Indulgentiis_, in Vol. XVIII.

There was also by him a Catechism--_Sumario breve de la doctrina Christiana_, printed in 1556 by Crespin in Geneva, though with the imprint of Pietro Daniel of Venice, with approbation of the Spanish Inquisition (Böhmer, II, 86). The rigor with which it was suppressed is illustrated in the trial at Toledo, in 1561, of Mossen Juan Fesque, a French priest, simply for possessing a copy, which he had accidentally bought without knowing what it was and had shown to a bookseller for information. He was tortured with great severity, without eliciting anything more and, as there was nothing else against him, he was discharged. In the course of the trial allusion was made to two other persons, Antonio Martel and Jacobo Sobalti, who had been burnt by the tribunal for possessing the Catechism.--MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. III.

[1150] Schäfer, II, 296, 354-7.

[1151] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. <small>IV, fol. 239.

[1152] For these details I am indebted to Dr. Schäfer (_op. cit._, I, 251-88, 296-307; III, 796-803), whose careful analysis of the trials of Doña María de Guevara, Pedro de Cazalla and Francisco de Vivero has thrown new light upon the brief episode of Protestantism in Valladolid.

[1153] Illescas, Historia pontifical. Paulo IV, § <small>IV.

[1154] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, pp. 411-12.--He adds that heresy might be expected to spread among the peasantry on account of the oppression, tithes and first-fruits exacted by the Church, but that the nobles are vigilant in defence of the faith by reason of the large provision of benefices which they enjoy.

[1155] Páramo, _op. cit._, p. 300.

[1156] Gachard, Retraite et Mort de Charles-quint, II, 354.

[1157] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. <small>IV, fol. 228.

This letter also asks that one of the Seville Protestants, Diego or Mateo de la Cruz, who had been burnt in effigy and subsequently captured in Flanders, should be promptly transmitted. He had contributed to Julian Hernández thirty ducats towards books to be smuggled by the latter. What was his fate does not appear. Cf. Schäfer, I, 335; II, 358, 407.

[1158] Gachard, II, 417, 418; I, 288.

[1159] Gachard, I, 293, 294, 295, 297.

[1160] Ibidem, I, 301, 302.

[1161] Gachard, I, 302, 304, 306, 309; II, 401, 412, 416, 420-4, 435, 441, 443, 448, 456, 461.

[1162] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. <small>IV, fol. 230. This letter throws so much light on a turning-point in the history of the Inquisition that I give it in the Appendix, although Schäfer (III, 103) has printed a German translation.

[1163] Although called forth rather by the accession of Queen Elizabeth and her assertion of supremacy over the Anglican Church than by the Spanish Protestants, the bull _Cum ex apostolatus_, of February 15, 1559, is worth alluding to as illustrating the spirit of the age. Issued after mature deliberation with the Sacred College, it confirms and renews all the laws, decrees and statutes against heresy, at any time issued, and orders their strict enforcement. As the vicar of God on earth and clothed with supreme power, Paul IV decrees in perpetuity that all guilty of heresy or schism or fautorship--clerics from the lowest up to cardinals and laymen up to kings and emperors--shall be subject to these laws against heresy, shall be deprived of their dignities and possessions, which may be seized by any one obedient to the Holy See; shall be held as relapsed, as though they had previously abjured, and shall be handed over to the secular arm for the legal punishment, unless they manifest true repentance with its fruits, in which case, through the benignity and clemency of the Holy See, they may, if it thinks fit, be thrust into some monastery to perform perpetual penance on the bread of sorrow and water of affliction.--Bullar. Roman., I, 840.--Septimi Decretal., Lib. <small>V, Tit. iii, cap. 9.

The Spanish Inquisition kept this bull in its archives (Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. <small>III, fol. 55) but never seems to have had occasion to use it. As the most solemn utterance of the Holy See it is presumably still in force.

[1164] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 153, fol. 95.--The impression produced by this auto is manifested by the number of relations of it. Schäfer prints translations of three (I, 442; III, 1,15) and refers to five others. There is still another, drawn up apparently about 1570 and by no means accurate, in Bib. nat., S, 151.

[1165] Schäfer, I, 328: III, 808.

[1166] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1034, fol. 221.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., R, 29, fol. 299.

See Schäfer, III, 78, for a German translation of this and I, 325-7, for his defence of its genuineness against those who persist in regarding Cazalla as a martyr.

There is another recension of this report, differing in many details, and ascribed to Fray Pedro de Mendoza. It is contained in the _Miscelanea de Zapata_ (Mem. hist. español, XI, 201).

[1167] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib, XII, fol. 20-9.

[1168] Illescas, Historia Pontifical, Paulo IV, § 4.--See also Sepúlveda (De Rebus Gestis Philippi II, Lib. II, n. 24) who seems to have been present.

[1169] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 153, fol. 95.

[1170] Illescas, _loc. cit._

[1171] Ibidem, _loc. cit._--Schäfer, III, 118, 129.

[1172] Vandennesse, Journal des Voyages de Philippe II (Gachard, Voyages des Souverains, IV, 74).

[1173] Schäfer, III, 53, 68. Dr. Schäfer (I, 334 sqq.), with his customary thoroughness, has traced the subsequent disposition of those reconciled.

[1174] Decr. Sac. Cong. S^{ti} Officii, p. 161 (Bibl. del R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. III).

[1175] Schäfer, I, 382; II, 361-8.

[1176] Ibidem, II, 271.

[1177] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787.

[1178] Bibl. nacional, MSS., R, 29, p. 310.

[1179] Illescas, Historia Pontifical, Paulo IV, § 4.

To the Spaniards of the period all Protestants were Lutherans but, from the relations of the Seville refugees with Geneva, it may be assumed that these were Calvinists.

[1180] Archivo de Simancas, Consejo y Secretaria de Hacienda, Leg. 25.--This appears to be the only complete relation of the auto.

[1181] Schäfer, II, 290, 295, 311.

[1182] Inquis. Hispan. Artes detectæ, pp. 219-22.--Schäfer, II, 360.

[1183] Inquis. Hispan. Artes detectæ, p. 181.--Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XXI, art. iii, n. 26.

[1184] Strype, Annals of the Reformation in England I, 228-35 (London 1709), from a MS. relation of his sufferings by Frampton. An English translation of Erasmus's Precepts of Cato was published in 1545 and was probably the book found in Frampton's possession. If so, the name of Erasmus was sufficient to compromise him.

[1185] Schäfer, II, 312, 319.

[1186] Schäfer, II, 327.

[1187] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787.--Schäfer, II, 331.

[1188] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 214 fol. (Cédulas en favor de la Inquisicion).

[1189] Nueva Recop. Lib. I, Tit. vii, ley 25.

[1190] Coleccion de Documentos, V, 530.

[1191] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 108, n. 3.--Schäfer, II, 81.

[1192] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 113, n. 64, fol. 20.--The little knot of Huguenots in Toledo is treated exhaustively by Dr. Schäfer in the _Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte_, October, 1900. He reckons at about forty the number of those alluded to in the trials, which is probably a full estimate for, as usual, they freely denounced all whom they knew or suspected. The tribunal made short work of them in the auto of June 17, 1565, where forty-five culprits appeared and eleven were relaxed, though what portion of these were Protestants is not stated.

[1193] Schäfer, II, 70.

[1194] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 3.

[1195] Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 16; Lib. 942, fol. 31.

[1196] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 941, fol. 5.

[1197] Eduard Böhmer in _Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte_, 1897, pp. 373 sqq.

[1198] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 123.

[1199] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. III.

[1200] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. XI.

[1201] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30.

[1202] Schäfer, II, 93.

[1203] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 31. That it is mortal sin to administer sacraments in mortal sin is thoroughly orthodox. See Alph. de Ligorio, Theol. Moral., Lib. VI, n. 32, 33.

[1204] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[1205] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 716.

[1206] Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.

[1207] Ed. Böhmer and A. Morel Fatio (Journal des Savants, Juillet--Sept. 1902).--Schäfer, II, 40.

[1208] Schäfer, I, 212-27.

[1209] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1, 3.

[1210] Ibidem, fol. 13, 15.

[1211] Proceso contra Angela Pérez, post fol. 22 (MS. _penes me_).--Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdova, p. 223.--Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[1212] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XI.

[1213] Ibidem, T. III.

[1214] Janer, Condicion de los Moriscos, p. 277.

[1215] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552; fol. 22.

[1216] Libro Verde de Aragon (Revista de España, CVI, 570-83).

[1217] Schäfer, II, 2.

[1218] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 9.

[1219] Gachard, Don Carlos et Philippe II, I, 107.

[1220] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20.

[1221] Dépêches de M. de Fourquevaux, I, 154, 163, 179, 197, 216, 218, 224, 234, 252, 291, 299, 310 (Paris, 1896).

[1222] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1157, fol. 38.

[1223] Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 69.

[1224] Ibidem, fol. 71.

[1225] Archivo de Simancas, _loc. cit._

[1226] Ibidem, Lib. 81, fol. 27.

[1227] Parets, Sucesos de Cataluña (Mem. hist. español, XX, 20).

[1228] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[1229] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552.

[1230] Ibidem. Lib. 876.

[1231] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[1232] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 3, n. 7, p. 476.

[1233] Birch, Catalogue of MSS. of the Inq. of the Canaries, I, 308-26.

[1234] Birch, _op. cit._, I, 225-30, 303.

[1235] Schäfer, I, 112; II, 45.

[1236] Hinojosa, Despachos de la Diplomacia pontificia, I, 353, 377 (Madrid, 1896).

The alum mines of Tolfa, near Civita Vecchia, were the source of considerable revenue to the Holy See.

[1237] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 104.

[1238] Coleccion de Tratados de Paz; Phelipe III, P. I, pp. 161-2, 298.

[1239] La Mantia, L'Inquisizione in Sicilia, pp. 72-3.

[1240] Tratados de Paz, ubi sup., pp. 264, 354.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 56, 57, 59.

[1241] Boronat, II, 120-22.

The Roman Inquisition prohibited conversation with heretics, save by special licence, even for the purpose of converting them. When, in 1604, the Constable of Castile was about to depart for England as ambassador, and he consulted the Holy See, he was told that he did not require a dispensation to enable him to converse with them, but no concessions could be made as to communicating with them in baptisms and marriages. In 1617 the nuncio at Madrid asked instructions as to his conduct towards the English ambassador, and was told to hold as little intercourse with him as possible.--Decret. Sac. Cong. S^[ti] Officii, pp. 156, 227, 231 (Bibl. del R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).

[1242] Tratados de Paz, _ubi sup._, p. 465.

[1243] Birch, _op. cit._, II, 1064.--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, pp. 198-99.

[1244] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 19, fol. 239.--See Appendix.

[1245] MSS. of Elkan N. Adler Esq.--Birch, _op. cit._, II, 1069.

[1246] Tratados de Paz, Phelipe IV, P. II, p. 226.

[1247] MSS. of Elkin N. Adler Esq.

[1248] Birch, _op. cit._, II, 563-66.

[1249] MSS. of Elkan N. Adler Esq.

[1250] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1526, fol. 7.

[1251] Tratados de Paz, Phelipe IV, P. IV, p. 538; P. V, pp. 18, 322, 323, 324.

In 1646, a Dutch vessel, putting in to Majorca, was seized by the inquisitor, who imprisoned the captain and crew, but the royal officials took possession of the property in spite of inquisitorial protests, leading to an angry contest that lasted for years, the inquisitor refusing to obey repeated royal orders to remove the excommunications which he had lavished, until commanded to do so, March 18, 1649, by the Suprema. Finally, all that the tribunal obtained of the spoils was two hundred ducats to defray the maintenance of the prisoners,--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 38, fol. 26, 71.

[1252] Tratados de Paz, Phelipe IV, P. IV, pp. 548, 561, 575.--De Lamberty, Mémoires pour servir, VIII, 461 (La Haye, 1730).

[1253] MSS. of Elkan N. Adler Esq.

[1254] Howard M. Jenkins, The Family of William Penn, pp. 10-13 (Philadelphia 1899).

[1255] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 413, 414.

[1256] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 201; Lib. 25, fol. 121.--MSS. of Elkan N. Adler Esq.--Soler y Guardiola, Apuntes de Historia política y de los Tratados de Paz, pp. 163-4 (Madrid, 1895).

It is only fair to Spain to state that it was more liberal than Rome. The decrees of the Congregation of the Inquisition are numerous insisting that no heretic should be allowed in any Italian city, whether for trade or for residence, but Italian commercial instinct was too strong to permit the enforcement of these decrees in some of the states, notably Venice, and special privileges were granted even to some of the papal sea-ports, as Civita Vecchia and Ancona.--Decr. Sac. Congr. S^[ti] Officii, pp. 6-8, 225 sqq, 233-4 (Bibl. del R. Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).

[1257] Tratados de Paz, Felipe IV, P. VI, p. 274; P. VII, p. 413; Carlos II, P. I, pp. 13, 16, 162, 180.--De Lamberty, Mémoires, VIII, 381.--Collection of all the Treaties of Great Britain, III, 180, 377 (London, 1785).

[1258] Tratados de Paz, Felipe IV, P. VII, p. 122.

[1259] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 25, fol. 238.

[1260] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 12, n. 1, fol. 89, 101.

[1261] Ibidem, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 132.

[1262] Ibidem, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 222; Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 39.

[1263] Novís. Recop. Lib VI, Tit. xi, Leyes 8, 9.

[1264] Art de Vérifier les Dates depuis l'année 1770, III, 350, 357.

[1265] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Legajos 100, 387.

[1266] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 243.

[1267] Ibidem, Leg. 100.

[1268] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.

[1269] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473.

[1270] Ibidem, Lib. 23, fol. 46.

[1271] Archivo de Simancas Inq., Lib. 25, fol. 98.

[1272] Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 81.

[1273] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 31.

[1274] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 109, n. 8; Leg. 108, n. 11, fol. 2.--MSS. of Am. Philosophical Society.

[1275] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.

[1276] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Legajos 30, 31.

Horstmann merely imitated a Jew who, about 425, similarly had himself repeatedly baptized by rival sects, until a miracle arrested his career at the hands of Paul, Bishop of the Novatians.--Socratis H. E., VII, 17.

[1277] Llorente, Añales, I, 177.

[1278] Repertor. Inquisit. s. v. _Libri._

[1279] Reusch, Der Index der verbotenen Bücher, I, 56.

[1280] Raynald. Annal., ann. 1501, n. 36.

[1281] Nueva Recop., Lib. I, Tit. vii, ley 23.

[1282] Erasmi Epistt., Lib. XXVII, Ep. 33 (Londini, 1642).

[1283] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 73, fol. 182.

[1284] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 1.

[1285] Ibidem, Lib. 76, fol. 343, 401; Lib. 77, fol. 355; Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1286] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 10).

[1287] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 2; Lib 78, fol. 16.--Llorente, Añales-II, 376.

[1288] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 62.

[1289] Nueva Recop., Lib. II, Tit. iv, ley 48.

[1290] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, pp. 331, 332.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol 6, 16.

[1291] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, pp. 214, 319.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 4.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 498.--Modo de Proceder, fol. 74 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122).--See Appendix.

This was the ordinary process, but of course the Suprema could take the initiative, as it occasionally did, and order inquisitors to examine books and act on the result.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 3.

[1292] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 78, fol. 291.

[1293] Ibidem, Lib. 79, fol. 164; Lib. 942, fol. 15.

[1294] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 41.

[1295] Reprinted by Reusch in his useful volume "Die Indices der Sechszehnten Jahrhunderts."--See Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1296] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 16, 17, 19; Lib. 940, fol. 2; Lib. 79, fol. 213; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 211.

[1297] Ibidem, Lib. 942, fol. 21; Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1298] Reusch, Der Index, I, 258.

[1299] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 79, fol. 139.

[1300] Ibidem, Lib. 942, fol. 15; Lib. 79, fol. 140, 164.

[1301] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 233.--See Appendix for the commission of an examiner.

[1302] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 235.--_Conradi Gesneri de Differentiis Animalium_ is prohibited in the Index of 1559 (Reusch, Die Indices, p. 219). The Index contains several clauses prohibiting all books of divination, necromancy, invocation of demons, etc. (Ibid., pp. 217, 226, 227, 236), but there is nothing specially against the Cabala.

[1303] Nueva Recop., Lib. I, Tit. vii, leyes 24, 33.--(Novís. Recop. VIII, xvi, 3; xviii, 1).--Alcubilla, Códigos antiguos españoles, p. 1580.

In 1746, the preliminary examination of MSS. for licences to print was entrusted by the Royal Council to the Real Academia de la Historia, a duty limited by Fernando VII to those concerning the history of Spain and the Indies. The records of this censorship have been printed by the Academy (Boletin, XXXV, 369-434). Each MS. was submitted to one or more members and there were three classes of censure--favorable, unfavorable and doubtful, the latter equivalent to the _donec corrigatur_ of the Index, when the author had an opportunity of revising his work and submitting it again, a process which occasionally was repeated a third time. The censors appear to have been for the most part lenient. In the record, extending from 1747 to 1833, the favorable reports amount to 618, the unfavorable to 149 and the doubtful to 155.

Works of belles-lettres were submitted to the Spanish Academy. Don Manuel Serrano y Sanz has printed (Revista de Archivos, Julio-Agosto, 1906) a number of the judgements pronounced by the censors to whom they were confided, which throw an interesting light on the critical canons of the period. It would appear that the issue of useless books was discouraged: as Miguel Cervera López says of one entitled _Los desengaños de un casado_, "Finding no usefulness in this writing, I think it should not be printed." This was only enforcing a decree of Philip IV in 1627, ordering licences to be refused to unnecessary works (Novís, Recop., VIII, xvi, 9).

[1304] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, de copias, fol. 100.

[1305] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Index of Sotomayor, pp. 524-8.--Indice Ultimo, p. 240.

[1306] Catalani de Secretario Congr. Indicis, p. 31 (Rome, 1651).

The only attempt made to compile a Roman _Index Expurgatorius_ was in 1607, by Gianmaria Guanzelli da Brisighella, Master of the Sacred Palace. It never advanced beyond the first volume and was suppressed in 1611. That volume consists of 599 double-columned 12mo pages and only contains fifty-two authors, so numerous are the expurgations, many of them as trivial as those of the Spanish censors.

[1307] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 4; Lib. 942, fol. 25.

[1308] Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 76; Lib. 940, fol. 5.

[1309] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 6, 7, 18.

[1310] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 941, fol. 9; Lib. 939, fol. 127; Lib. 940, fol. 16, 17.

[1311] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 8, 16.--Even Abad Neroni required supervision. In 1598, he was ordered to report to the Suprema what was the Bible which Fray Gerónimo de Almonacid said he possessed.--Ibid., fol. 12.

[1312] Ibidem, fol. 8-12, 17.

[1313] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 11, 17.

[1314] Ibidem, fol. 17, 22, 23. In 1609 there is an order to pay Fray Diego de Arce 500 reales for his services in the junta and another to give him a ducat a day during its existence. In 1610 Padre Juan de Pineda is paid at the same rate and special payments of 300 ducats apiece are made to Dr. Camargo and to Fray Ignacio de Ibero. In 1613, Alonso Marques de Prado, Bishop of Tortosa, receives 800 ducats for his work in the junta.--Ibid. fol. 23, 24.

[1315] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 234.

[1316] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 48.

[1317] Ibidem.

[1318] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol. 36.

[1319] Ibidem, Leg. 14, n. 3, fol. 164.--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 214.

[1320] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 3, 4.

[1321] Modo de Proceder, fol. 86 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122).

[1322] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 12, n. 2, fol. 44.

[1323] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 250.

[1324] Indice Ultimo, Regla <small>XII (p. xxiii), Advertencia 1 (p. xxxvi).

[1325] In my copy of the _Historia pontifical_ of Abbot Illescas, two folio leaves are thus torn out to get rid of a chapter on Pope Joan, which had passed the repeated censorship that had suppressed two previous editions of the book. The pages thus removed contain two whole chapters and parts of two others.

I owe to the late General Don Riva Palacio a copy of the portrait of Palafox, _borrado_ as described in the text.

[1326] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 4, 12, 14.

[1327] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 214.

[1328] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 18.

[1329] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 32, fol. 666.

In the Indexes, books were divided into three classes. The first consisted of condemned authors, all of whose works were prohibited; the second of books by known authors, requiring expurgation; the third, of unknown authors, either prohibited or requiring expurgation.

This was the theory, but negligently observed in practice.

[1330] Ibidem, fol. 668.

[1331] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 21, fol. 303.

[1332] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 374; Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 234.--See Appendix for a commission of _Revisor de Libros_.

[1333] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 251.

[1334] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890; Lib. 559.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 47.

[1335] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 405.

[1336] Ibidem, Leg. 374.

[1337] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 47.

[1338] Ibidem, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 290, 293.

[1339] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. XLIII, Art. ii, n. 5; Art. v, n. 1.

[1340] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 47.

[1341] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 13.

[1342] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1343] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 228.

[1344] Schäfer, Beiträge, II, 359.

[1345] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 11, 19.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 71.

[1346] Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 147, 162 (MS. of Am. Philos. Society).

[1347] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 63.

[1348] Lib. XIII de Cartas, fol. 29 (MSS. of Am. Phil. Society).

[1349] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 23.

[1350] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 374.

[1351] MSS. of Am. Philos. Society.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 23.

[1352] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 240.

[1353] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 47.

[1354] Alcubilla, Códigos antiguos españoles, pp. 1582-86.

[1355] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 163.

[1356] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 9, fol. 1; Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 145.--Instruccion para los Revisores, Toledo, 1805.

[1357] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 58.

[1358] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 193.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 50.

[1359] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 26, fol. 37; Lib. 43, fol. 315; Legajo 1526, fol. 2.

[1360] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 31, fol. 118.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2 fol. 193.

[1361] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 621, fol. 79.

[1362] Ibidem, Inq., Lib. 29, fol. 494.--Portocarrero, Sobre la Competencia, n. 81.

[1363] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 34, fol. 286-97.

[1364] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 24, fol. 13.

[1365] Ibidem, Lib. 80, fol. 1.

[1366] Ibidem, Lib. 25, fol. 116-17; Lib. 43, fol. 131, 201, 297.

[1367] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 120; Leg. 1526, fol. 7.

[1368] Ibidem, Leg. 1526, fol. 2, 7, 17; Lib. 45, fol. 151; Lib. 38, fol. 78.

[1369] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 68, 120.

[1370] Ibidem, Lib. 25, fol. 1, 52, 82; Lib. 43, fol. 142, 174, 187; Leg. 1526, fol. 6.

[1371] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 174, 187; Leg. 1526, fol. 4.

[1372] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 201; Lib. 25, fol. 129.

[1373] Ibidem, Lib. 43. fol. 201, 235, 270; Leg. 1526, fol. 36.

[1374] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1526, fol. 17.

[1375] Ibidem, Lib. 43, fol. 283, 297, 315, 319, 325; Lib. 26, fol. 33.

[1376] Ibidem, Leg. 1473.

[1377] Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 50, 132.

[1378] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 193.

[1379] Ibidem, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 243.

[1380] Coleccion de Decretos de las Córtes, IV, 17 (Madrid, 1820).

[1381] Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 559; Leg. 1473.

[1382] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 15; Lib. 79, fol. 17, 164.--Cf. Pegnæ Comment. iii in Eymerici Director. P. <small>II.

[1383] Septimi Decretal, Lib. V, Tit. iv, cap. 2.

[1384] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 231.--See Appendix.

[1385] Reusch, Die Indices, p. 212.

[1386] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 10).

[1387] Literæ Apostolicæ Soc. Jesu, pp. 137-41 (Antverpiæ, 1635).--Bibl. Vaticana, MSS. Ottobon. Lat. 494, p. 8.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 15, 16, 17, 13.

[1388] Alberghini, Manuale Qualificatorum, p. 132.

[1389] Reusch, Die Indices, pp. 382-3.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 127.

[1390] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 10, 11; Lib. 21, fol. 303.

[1391] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 18.

[1392] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 332.

[1393] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 10).--Index of Zapata, _ad calcem_.--Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 12.--Bullar. Roman. V, 220.

[1394] Archivo de Alcalá, _ubi sup._

[1395] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol. 36.

[1396] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. XII, Art. ii, n. 12, 13.

[1397] Edicto de 13 de Henero de 1747 (MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.).

[1398] Birch, Catalogue of MSS. of Inq. of Canaries, II, 940-1.

[1399] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 5, 7, 8; Leg. 17, n. 4, _passim._--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.

[1400] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 214.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 23.

[1401] Reusch, Die Indices, p. 211.

[1402] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 226.

[1403] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 177.

[1404] Ibidem, Lib. 877, fol. 96.

[1405] Ibidem, Lib. 565, fol. 394.

[1406] Ibidem, Lib. 877, fol. 239.

[1407] Ibidem, Lib. 890.

[1408] These are records of autos. In the Catalogue of Toledo cases prepared by Don Miguel Gómez del Campillo (see Appendix) there are thirty-four attributed to prohibited books. Of these, five are anterior to 1575; then there are none until 1771, followed by six between that year and 1794, but none of them seem to have been pushed to a conclusion except one which was suspended.

[1409] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[1410] Innocent. PP. III, Regest. II, 141, 142, 235.--Lib. IV, Extra, vii, 12.--Constitutions de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. i, cap. 12.--Martene et Durand Amplis. Collect., VII, 123.--Concil. Tolosan., ann. 1229, Cap. 14 (Harduin., VII, 178).--Repertor. Inquisitor, S. V. _Scriptura_.