Chapter VI: Part II: =Collection of Words.= (2)

_Imperfect._
_que partira_, that I might divide
_partiras_, that thou mightst divide
_partira_, that he might divide
_partiramos_, that we might divide
_partireis_, that you might divide
_partirão_, that they might divide.

_Past definite._
_que partisse_, that I may have divided
_partisses_, that thou mayest have divided
_partisse_, that he may have divided
_partissemos_, that we may have divided
_partisseis_, that you may have divided
_partissem_, that they may have divided.

_Past indefinite._
_que tenha partido_, that I may have divided
_tenhas partido_, that thou mayest have divided
_tenha partido_, that he may have divided
_tenhamos partido_, that we may have divided
_tenhais partido_, that you may have divided
_tenhão partido_, that they may have divided.

_Pluperfect._
_que tivesse partido_, that I might have divided
_tivesses partido_, that thou mightst have divided
_tivesse partido_, that he might have divided
_tivessemos partido_, that we might have divided
_tivesseis partido_, that you might have divided
_tivessem partido_, that they might have divided.

_Future._
_quando partir_, when I shall divide
_partires_, when thou shalt divide
_partir_, when he shall divide
_partirmos_, when we shall divide
_partirdes_, when you shall divide
_partirem_, when they shall divide.

_Compound Future._
_que haja de partir_, that I shall divide
_hajas de partir_, that thou shalt divide
_haja de partir_, that he shall divide
_hajamos de partir_, that we shall divide
_hajais de partir_, that you shall divide
_hajão de partir_, that they shall divide.

_Future past._
_quando tiver partido_, when I shall have divided
_tiveres partido_, when thou shalt have divided
_tiver partido_, when he shall have divided
_tivermos partido_, when we shall have divided
_tiverdes partido_, when you shall have divided
_tiverem partido_, when they shall have divided.

=Imperative Mood.=

_parte tu_, divide thou
_parta elle_, let him divide
_partamos nós_, let us divide
_parti vós_, divide ye
_partão elles_, let them divide.

10.

=The Passive Verbs.=

The Passive Verb is conjugated in all its tenses by the Auxiliary Verb “_ser_” to be, to become, to which is added the Participle of the Passive Verb, as:

_sou amado_ I am loved
_tu es amado_ thou art loved
_serei amado_ I shall be loved
_eu seria amado_ I should be loved.

11.

=The Neuter Verbs.=

are conjugated with the Auxiliary Verb “_ter_” to have, as:

_tenho dormido_ — I have slept
_tenho cahido_ — I have fallen
_eu tenho chegado_ — I have arrived.

They are otherwise conjugated like the Active Verbs: _amar_, _receber_, _partir_.

12.

=The Reflective Verbs.=

are conjugated with “_ter_” and the Pronouns

_me_, me
_te_, thee
_se_, it
_nos_, we
_vos_, you.

=Lembrar-se=, to remember.

=Infinitive Mood.=

_Present. lembrar-se_, to remember.
_Past. ter-se lembrado_, to have remembered.
_Gerund. lembrando-se_, remembering.
_Participle. lembrado_, _lembrada_, remembered.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu me lembro_, I remember
_tu te lembras_, thou rememberst
_elle se rembra_, he remembers
_nós nos lembramos_, we remember
_vós vos lembrais_, you remember
_elles se lembrão_, they remember.

_Imperfect._
_eu me lembrava_, I remembered
_tu te lembravas_, thou rememberedst
_elle se lembrava_, he remembered
_nós nos lembravamos_, we remembered
_vós vos lembraveis_, you remembered
_elles se lembravão_, they remembered.

_Past definite._
_eu me lembrei_, I have remembered
_tu te lembraste_, thou hast remembered
_elle se lembrou_, he has remembered
_nós nos lembramos_, we have remembered
_vós vos lembrastes_, you have remembered
_elles se lembrárão_, they have remembered.

_Past indefinite._
_eu me tenho lembrado_, I have remembered
_tu te tens lembrado_, thou hast remembered
_elle se tem lembrado_, he has remembered
_nós nos temos lembrado_, we have remembered
_vós vos tendes lembrado_, you have remembered
_elles se tem lembrado_, they have remembered.

_Past anterior._
_eu me lembrára_, I had remembered
_tu te lembráras_, thou hadst remembered
_elle se lembrára_, he had remembered
_nós nos lembráramos_, we had remembered
_vós vos lembráreis_, you had remembered
_elles se lembrárão_, they had remembered.

_Pluperfect._
_eu me tinha lembrado_, I had remembered
_tu te tinhas lembrado_, thou hadst remembered
_elle se tinha lembrado_, he had remembered
_nós nos tinhamos lembrado_, we had remembered
_vós vos tinheis lembrado_, you had remembered
_elles se tinhão lembrado_, they had remembered.

_Future._
_eu me lembrarei_, I shall remember
_tu te lembrarás_, thou shalt remember
_elle se lembrará_, he shall remember
_nós nos lembraremos_, we shall remember
_vós vos lembrareis_, you shall remember
_elles se lembrarão_, they shall remember.

_Future anterior._
_eu me hei de lembrar_, I shall remember
_tu te has de lembrar_, thou shalt remember
_elle se ha de lembrar_, he shall remember
_nós nos havemos de lembrar_, we shall remember
_vós vos haveis de lembrar_, you shall remember
_elles se hão de lembrar_, they shall remember.

_Future past._
_eu me terei lembrado_, I shall have remembered
_tu te terás lembrado_, thou shalt have remembered
_elle se terá lembrado_, he shall have remembered
_nós nos teremos lembrado_, we shall have remembered
_vós vos tereis lembrado_, you shall have remembered
_elles se terão lembrado_, they shall have remembered.

=Conditional.=

_eu me lembraria_, I should remember
_tu te lembrarias_, thou shouldst remember
_elle se lembraria_, he should remember
_nós nos lembrariamos_, we should remember
_vós vos lembrarieis_, you should remember
_elles se lembrarião_, they should remember.

=Conditional past.=

_eu me teria lembrado_, I should have remembered
_tu te terias lembrado_, thou shouldst have remembered
_elle se teria lembrado_, he should have remembered
_nós nos teriamos lembrado_, we should have remembered
_vós vos terieis lembrado_, you should have remembered
_elles se terião lembrado_, they should have remembered.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu me lembre_, that I may remember
_tu te lembres_, that thou mayest remember
_elle se lembre_, that he may remember
_nós nos lembremos_, that we may remember
_vós vos lembreis_, that you may remember
_elles se lembrem_, that they may remember.

_Imperfect._
_que eu me lembrasse_, that I might remember
_tu te lembrasses_, that thou mightst remember
_elle se lembrasse_, that he might remember
_nós nos lembrassemos_, that we might remember
_vós vos lembrasseis_, that you might remember
_elles se lembrassem_, that they might remember.

_Past indefinite._
_que eu me tenha lembrado_ }
_tu te tenhas lembrado_ }
_elle se tenha lembrado_ } that I may have remembered.
_nós nos tenhamos lembrado_ }
_vós vos tenhais lembrado_ }
_elles se tenhão lembrado_ }

_Pluperfect._
_que eu me tivesse lembrado_ }
_tu te tivesses lembrado_ }
_elle se tivesse lembrado_ } that I might have remembered.
_nós nos tivessemos lembrado_ }
_vós vos tivesseis lembrado_ }
_elles se tivessem lembrado_ }

_Future._
_quando eu me lembrar_ }
_tu te lembrares_ }
_elle se lembrar_ }
_nós nos lembrarmos_ } when I shall remember.
_vós vos lembrardes_ }
_elles se lembrarem_ }

_Compound Future._
_que eu me haja de lembrar_ }
_tu te hajas de lembrar_ }
_elle se haja de lembrar_ }
_nós nos hajamos de lembrar_ } that I shall remember.
_vós vos hajeis de lembrar_ }
_elles se hajão de lembrar_ }

_Future past._
_quando eu me tiver lembrado_ }
_tu te tiveres lembrado_ }
_elle se tiver lembrado_ } when I shall have remembered.
_nós nos tivermos lembrado_ }
_vós vos tiverdes lembrado_ }
_elles se tiverem lembrado_ }

=Imperative Mood.=

_lembra-te tu_, remember thou
_lembre-se elle_, let him remember
_lembremos-nos nós_, let us remember
_lembrai-vos vós_, remember ye
_lembrem-se elles_, let them remember.

=Observ.= In all the simple tenses of the Indicative Mood, is it unimportant whether the Pronouns _me_, _te_, _se_, _nos_, _vos_ stand before or after the Verb, and one may therefore say either: _eu me lembro_, or _eu lembro-me_, _eu me lembrava_ and _eu lembrava-me_, but in the compound tenses as well as in the Subjunctive and Imperative Mood they must stand before the Verb, as: _eu me tenho lembrado_, _que eu me lembre_, _que eu me lembrasse_.

13.

=Irregular Verbs.=

=FIRST CONJUGATION.=

1. =Dar, to give.=[544]

[544] Only the irregular tenses are given, the others are conjugated in the regular manner.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu dou_, I give
_tu dás_, thou givest
_elle dá_, he gives
_nós damos_, we give
_vós dais_, you give
_elles dão_, they give.

_Past definite._
_eu dei_, I have given
_tu déste_, thou hast given
_elle deo_, he has given
_nós demos_, we have given
_vós déstes_, you have given
_elles dérão_, they have given.

_Past anterior._
_eu dera_, I had given
_tu deras_, thou hadst given
_elle dera_, he had given
_nós deramos_, we had given
_vós dereis_, you had given
_elles derão_, they had given.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu dê_, that I may give
_tu dês_, that thou mayest give
_elle dê_, that he may give
_nós dêmos_, that we may give
_vós deis_, that you may give
_elles dem_, that they may give.

_Imperfect._
_que eu dera_, that I might give
_tu deras_, that thou mightst give
_elle dera_, that he might give
_nós deramos_, that we might give
_vós dereis_, that you might give
_elles derão_, that they might give.

_Past._
_que eu désse_, that I may have given
_tu désses_, that thou mayest have given
_elle désse_, that he may have given
_nós dessemos_, that we may have given
_vós desseis_, that you may have given
_elles dessem_, that they may have given.

_Future._
_quando eu der_, when I shall give
_tu deres_, when thou shalt give
_elle der_, when he shall give
_nós dermos_, when we shall give
_vós derdes_, when you shall give
_elles derem_, when they shall give.

=2. The Verbs ending in “car”=

have no other irregularity than that they change the _c_ every time into _qu_, if an _e_ follows in the conjugation, as:

_ficar_, to remain,
_fiquei_ (not _ficei_), I have remained,
_que eu figue_ (not _fice_), that I may remain;

this irregularity is only maintained for the purpose of keeping the same pronunciation for the Verb throughout, which would otherwise not be the case.

=3. The Verbs ending in “gar”=

change the _g_, if followed by an _e_, into _gu_, for the sake of Pronunciation.

=4. The Verbs ending in “iar”=

take an _e_ before _i_ in all persons of the Indicative Mood, as:

_premiar_, to reward,
_premeio_, _premeias_, _premeia_, _premeiamos_ etc.

14.

=SECOND CONJUGATION.=

=5. Dizer, to say.=

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu digo_, I say
_tu dizes_, thou sayest
_elle diz_, he says
_nós dizemos_, we say
_vós dizeis_, you say
_elles dizem_, they say.

_Past definite._
_eu disse_, I have said
_tu disseste_, thou hast said
_elle disse_, he has said
_nós dissemos_, we have said
_vós dissestes_, you have said
_elles disserão_, they have said.

_Past anterior._
_eu dissera_, I had said
_tu disseras_, thou hadst said
_elle dissera_, he had said
_nós disseramos_, we had said
_vós disserais_, you had said
_elles disserão_, they had said.

_Future._
_eu direi_, I shall say
_tu dirás_, thou shalt say
_elle dirá_, he shall say
_nós diremos_, we shall say
_vós direis_, you shall say
_elles dirão_, they shall say.

=Conditional.=

_eu diria_, I would say
_tu dirias_, thou wouldst say
_elle diria_, he would say
_nós diriamos_, we would say
_vós dirieis_, you would say
_elles dirião_, they would say.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu diga_, that I may say
_tu digas_, that thou mayest say
_elle diga_, that he may say
_nós digamos_, that we may say
_vós digais_, that you may say
_elles digão_, that they may say.

_Imperfect._
_que eu dissera_, that I might say
_tu disseras_, that thou mightst say
_elle dissera_, that he might say
_nós disseramos_, that we might say
_vós disserais_, that you might say
_elles disserão_, that they might say.

_Past._
_que eu dissesse_, that I may have said
_tu dissesses_, that thou mayest have said
_elle dissesse_, that he may have said
_nós dissessemos_, that we may have said
_vós dissesseis_, that you may have said
_elles dissessem_, that they may have said.

_Future._
_quando eu disser_, when I shall say
_tu disseres_, when thou shalt say
_elle disser_, when he shall say
_nós dissermos_, when we shall say
_vós disserdes_, when you shall say
_elles disserem_, when they shall say.

=Imperative Mood.=

_dize-tu_, say thou
_diga-elle_, let him say
_digamos-nós_, let us say
_dizei-vós_, say ye
_digão-elles_, let them say.

=Participle=: _dito_, _dita_, said.

All Verbs composed of _dizer_ are conjugated in the same manner, as: _contradizer_, _desdizer_, etc.

6. =Fazer=, to do, to make.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu faço_, I do
_tu fazes_, thou doest
_elle faz_, he does
_nós fazemos_, we do
_vós fazeis_, you do
_elles fazem_, they do.

_Past definite._
_eu fiz_, I have done
_tu fizeste_, thou hast done
_elle fez_, he has done
_nós fizemos_, we have done
_vós fizestes_, you have done
_elles fizerão_, they have done.

_Pluperfect._
_eu fizera_, I had done
_tu fizeras_, thou hadst done
_elle fizera_, he had done
_nós fizeramos_, we had done
_vós fizereis_, you had done
_elles fizerão_, they had done.

_Future._
_eu farei_, I shall do
_tu farás_, thou shalt do
_elle fará_, he shall do
_nós faremos_, we shall do
_vós fareis_, you shall do
_elles farão_, they shall do.

=Conditional.=

_eu faria_, I would do
_tu farias_, thou wouldst do
_elle faria_, he would do
_nós fariamos_, we would do
_vós farieis_, you would do
_elles farião_, they would do.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu faça_, that I may do
_tu faças_, that thou mayest do
_elle faça_, that he may do
_nós façamos_, that we may do
_vós façais_, that you may do
_elles fação_, that they may do.

_Imperfect._
_que eu fizera_, that I might do
_tu fizeras_, that thou mightst do
_elle fizera_, that he might do
_nós fizeramos_, that we might do
_vós fizerais_, that you might do
_elles fizerão_, that they might do.

_Perfect._
_que eu fizesse_, that I may have done
_tu fizesses_, that thou mayest have done
_elle fizesse_, that he may have done
_nós fizéssemos_, that we may have done
_vós fizesseis_, that you may have done
_elles fizessem_, that they may have done.

_Future._
_quando eu fizer_, when I shall do
_tu fizeres_, when thou shalt do
_elle fizer_, when he shall do
_nós fizermos_, when we shall do
_vós fizerdes_, when you shall do
_elles fizerem_, when they shall do.

=Imperative Mood.=

_faze-tu_, do thou
_faça elle_, let him do
_façamos-nós_, let us do
_fazei-vós_, do ye
_fação elles_, let them do.

=Participle=: _feito_, _feita_, done.

7. =Poder=, to be able to, can.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu posso_, I can
_tu podes_, thou canst
_elle póde_, he can
_nós podemos_, we can
_vós podeis_, you can
_elles podem_, they can.

_Perfect._
_eu pude_, I have been able
_tu pudeste_, thou hast been able
_elle pode_, he has been able
_nós pudemos_, we have been able
_vós pudestes_, you have been able
_elles puderão_, they have been able.

_Pluperfect._
_eu pudera_, I had been able
_tu puderas_, thou hadst been able
_elle pudera_, he had been able
_nós puderamos_, we have been able
_vós pudereis_, you had been able
_elle puderão_, they had been able.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu possa_, that I may be able
_tu possas_, that thou mayest be able
_elle possa_, that he may be able
_nós possamos_, that we may be able
_vós possais_, that you may be able
_elles possão_, that they may be able.

_Imperfect._
_que eu pudera_, that I might be able
_tu puderas_, that thou mightst be able
_elle pudera_, that he might be able
_nós puderamos_, that we might be able
_vós pudereis_, that you might be able
_elles puderão_, that they might be able.

_Perfect._
_que eu pudesse_, that I may have been able
_tu pudesses_, that thou mayest have been able
_elle pudesse_, that he may have been able
_nós pudessemos_, that we may have been able
_vós pudesseis_, that you may have been able
_elles pudessem_, that they may have been able.

_Future._
_quando eu puder_, if I could be able
_tu puderes_, if thou couldst be able
_elle puder_, if he could be able
_nós pudermos_, if we could be able
_vós puderdes_, if you could be able
_elles puderem_, if they could be able.

8. =Querer=, to wish, to will.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu quero_, I wish
_tu queres_, thou wishest
_elle quer_, he wishes
_nós queremos_, we wish
_vós quereis_, you wish
_elles querem_, they wish.

_Perfect._
_eu quiz_, I have wished
_tu quizeste_, thou hast wished
_elle quiz_, he has wished
_nós quizemos_, we have wished
_vós quizestes_, you have wished
_elles quizerão_, they have wished.

_Pluperfect._
_eu quizera_, I had wished
_tu quizeras_, thou hadst wished
_elle quizera_, he had wished
_nós quizeramos_, we had wished
_vós quizereis_, you had wished
_elles quizerão_, they had wished.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu queira_, that I may wish
_tu queiras_, that thou mayest wish
_elle queira_, that he may wish
_nós queiramos_, that we may wish
_vós queirais_, that you may wish
_elles queirão_, that they may wish.

_Imperfect._
_que eu quizera_, that I might wish
_tu quizeras_, that thou mightst wish
_elle quizera_, that he might wish
_nós quizeramos_, that we might wish
_vós quizereis_, that you might wish
_elles quizerão_, that they might wish.

_Perfect._
_que eu quizesse_, that I may have wished
_tu quizesses_, that thou mayest have wished
_elle quizesse_, that he may have wished
_nós quizessemos_, that we may have wished
_vós quizesseis_, that you may have wished
_elles quizessem_, that they may have wished.

_Future._
_quando eu quizer_, when I shall wish
_tu quizeres_, when thou shalt wish
_elle quizer_, when he shall wish
_nós quizermos_, when we shall wish
_vós quizerdes_, when you shall wish
_elles quizerem_, when they shall wish.

=Imperative Mood.=

_queiras tu_, wish thou
_queira elle_, let him wish
_queiramos nós_, let us wish
_queirais vós_, wish ye
_queirão elles_, let them wish.

9. =Saber=, to know.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu sei_, I know
_tu sabes_, thou knowest
_elle sabe_, he knows
_nós sabemos_, we know
_vós sabeis_, you know
_elles sabem_, they know.

_Perfect._
_eu soube_, I have known
_tu soubeste_, thou hast known
_elle soube_, he has known
_nós soubemos_, we have known
_vós soubestes_, you have known
_elles souberão_, they have known.

_Pluperfect._
_eu soubera_, I had known
_tu souberas_, thou hadst known
_elle soubera_, he had known
_nós souberamos_, we had known
_vós soubereis_, you had known
_elles souberão_, they had known.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu saiba_, that I may know
_tu saibas_, that thou mayest know
_elle saiba_, that he may know
_nós saibamos_, that we may know
_vós saibais_, that you may know
_elles saibão_, that they may know.

_Imperfect._
_que eu soubera_, that I might know
_tu souberas_, that thou mightst know
_elle soubera_, that he might know
_nós souberamos_, that we might know
_vós soubereis_, that you might know
_elles souberão_, that they might know.

_Future._
_quando eu souber_, when I shall know
_tu souberes_, when thou shalt know
_elle souber_, when he shall know
_nós soubermos_, when we shall know
_vós souberdes_, when you shall know
_elles souberem_, when they shall know.

=Imperative Mood.=

_sabe tu_, know thou
_saiba elle_, let him know
_saibamos nós_, let us know
_saibei vós_, know ye
_saibão elles_, let them know.

10. =Trazer=, to carry, to fetch.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu trago_, I carry
_tu trazes_, thou carriest
_elle traz_, he carries
_nós trazemos_, we carry
_vós trazeis_, you carry
_elles trazem_, they carry.

_Perfect._
_eu trouxe_, I have carried
_tu trouxeste_, thou hast carried
_elle trouxe_, he has carried
_nós trouxemos_, we have carried
_vós trouxestes_, you have carried
_elles trouxerão_, they have carried.

_Pluperfect._
_eu trouxera_, I had carried
_tu trouxeras_, thou hadst carried
_elle trouxera_, he had carried
_nós trouxeramos_, we had carried
_vós trouxereis_, you had carried
_elles trouxerão_, they had carried.

_Future._
_eu trarei_, I shall carry
_tu trarás_, thou shalt carry
_elle trará_, he shall carry
_nós traremos_, we shall carry
_vós trareis_, you shall carry
_elles trarão_, they shall carry.

=Conditional.=

_eu traria_, I should carry
_tu trarias_, thou shouldst carry
_elle traria_, he should carry
_nós trariamos_, we should carry
_vós trarieis_, you should carry
_elles trarião_, they should carry.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu traga_, that I may carry
_tu tragas_, that thou mayest carry
_elle traga_, that he may carry
_nós tragamos_, that we may carry
_vós tragais_, that you may carry
_elles tragão_, that they may carry.

_Imperfect._
_que eu trouxera_, that I might carry
_tu trouxeras_, that thou mightst carry
_elle trouxera_, that he might carry
_nós trouxeramos_, that we might carry
_vós trouxereis_, that you might carry
_elles trouxerão_, that they might carry.

_Perfect._
_que eu trouxesse_, that I may have carried
_tu trouxesses_, that thou mayest have carried
_elle trouxesse_, that he may have carried
_nós trouxessemos_, that we may have carried
_vós trouxesseis_, that you may have carried
_elles trouxessem_, that they may have carried.

_Future._
_quando eu trouxer_, when I shall carry
_tu trouxeres_, when thou shalt carry
_elle trouxer_, when he shall carry
_nós trouxermos_, when we shall carry
_vós trouxerdes_, when you shall carry
_elles trouxerem_, when they shall carry.

=Imperative Mood.=

_traze tu_, carry thou
_traga elle_, let him carry
_tragamos_, let us carry
_trazei vós_, carry ye
_tragão elles_, let them carry.

11. =Ver, to see.=

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu vejo_, I see
_tu vês_, thou seest
_elle vê_, he sees
_nós vemos_, we see
_vós vedes_, you see
_elles vêm_, they see.

_Imperfect._
_eu vi_, I have seen
_tu viste_, thou hast seen
_elle vio_, he has seen
_nós vimos_, we have seen
_vós vistes_, you have seen
_elles virão_, they have seen.

_Pluperfect._
_eu vira_, I had seen
_tu viras_, thou hadst seen
_elle vira_, he had seen
_nós viramos_, we had seen
_vós vireis_, you had seen
_elles virão_, they had seen.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu veja_, that I may see
_tu vejas_, that thou mayest see
_elle veja_, that he may see
_nós vejamos_, that we may see
_vós vejais_, that you may see
_elles vejão_, that they may see.

_Imperfect._
_que eu vira_, that I might see
_tu viras_, that thou mightst see
_elle vira_, that he might see
_nós viramos_, that we might see
_vós virais_, that you might see
_elles virem_, that they might see.

_Perfect._
_que eu visse_, that I may have seen
_tu visses_, that thou mayest have seen
_elle visse_, that he may have seen
_nós vissemos_, that we may have seen
_vós visseis_, that you may have seen
_elles vissem_, that they may have seen.

_Future._
_quando eu vir_, when I shall see
_tu vires_, when thou shalt see
_elle vir_, when he shall see
_nós virmos_, when we shall see
_vós virdes_, when you shall see
_elles virem_, when they shall see.

=Imperative Mood.=

_vê tu_, see thou
_veja elle_, let him see
_vejamos nós_, let us see
_vede vós_, see ye
_vejão elles_, let them see.

=Participle=: _visto_, _vista_, seen.

The Verbs composed of _ver_, are conjugated in the same manner, as:

_prever_, _rever_, _antever_.

12. =Perder=, to lose.

The irregularity of this Verb consists in the following tenses changing
the _d_ into _c_.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_perco_, I lose
_perdes_, thou losest
_perde_, he loses
_perdemos_, we lose
_perdeis_, you lose
_perdem_, they lose.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu perca_, that I may lose
_tu percas_, that thou mayest lose
_elle perca_, that he may lose
_nós percamos_, that we may lose
_vós percais_, that you may lose
_elles percão_, that they may lose.

=Imperative Mood.=

_perde tu_, lose thou
_perca elle_, let him lose
_percamos nós_, let us lose
_perdei vós_, lose ye
_percão elles_, let them lose.

13. =Valer, to be worth,=

changes _l_ into _lh_, in the following tenses.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu valho_, I am worth
_tu vales_ }
_elle vale_ }
_nós valemos_ } regular
_vós valeis_ }
_elles valem_ }

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu valha_, that I may be worth
_tu valhas_, that thou mayest be worth
_elle valha_, that he may be worth
_nós valhamos_, that we may be worth
_vós valhais_, that you may be worth
_elles valhão_, that they may be worth.

=Imperative Mood.=

_vale tu_, be thou worth
_valha elle_, let him be worth
_valhamos_, let us be worth
_valei vós_, be ye worth
_valhão elles_, let them be worth.

14. =Ler, to read.=

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu leio_, I read
_tu lês_, thou readest
_elle lê_, he reads
_nós lemos_, we read
_vós ledes_, you read
_elles lêm_, they read.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu lêia_, that I may read
_tu lêias_, that thou mayest read
_elle lêia_, that he may read
_nós lêiamos_, that we may read
_vós lêiais_, that you may read
_elles lêião_, that they may read.

=Imperative Mood.=

_lê tu_, read thou
_lêia elle_, let him read
_lêiamos_, let us read
_lede vós_, read ye
_lêião elles_, let them read.

The Verb “_crer_” to believe, is conjugated in the same manner.

=15. The Verbs ending in “ger”=

change _g_ into _j_ in all persons when it is followed by _o_ or _a_, for the sake of pronunciation. As:

_eleger_, to elect;
_elejo_, _que eu eleja_, etc.

15. =THIRD CONJUGATION.=

=16. Ir, to go.=

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu vou_, I go
_tu vas_, thou goest
_elle vai_, he goes
_nós vamos_, we go
_vós ides_, you go
_elles vão_, they go.

_Imperfect._
_eu hia_, I went
_tu hias_, thou wentest
_elle hia_, he went
_nós hiamos_, we went
_vós hieis_, you went
_elles hião_, they went.

_Perfect._
_eu fui_, I have gone
(like the Perfect of “_ser_” to be).

_Pluperfect._
_eu fora_, I had gone
(like the Pluperfect of “_ser_”).

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu vá_, that I may go
_tu vás_, that thou mayest go
_elle vá_, that he may go
_nós vámos_, that we may go
_vos vades_, that you may go
_elles vão_, that they may go.

_Imperfect._
_que eu fora_, that I might go
_tu foras_, that thou mightst go
_elle fora_, that he might go
_nós foramos_, that we might go
_vós foreis_, that you might go
_elles forão_, that they might go.

_Perfect._
_que eu fosse_, that I may have gone
(like “_ser_”).

_Future._
_quando eu for_, when I shall go
(like “_ser_”).

=Imperative Mood.=

_vai tu_, go thou
_vá elle_, let him go
_vamos_, let us go
_ide vós_, go ye
_vão elles_, let them go.

17. =Vir, to come.=

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu venho_, I come
_tu vens_, thou comest
_elle vem_, he comes
_nós vimos_, we come
_vós vindes_, you come
_elles vem_, they come.

_Imperfect._
_eu vinha_, I came
_tu vinhas_, thou camest
_elle vinha_, he came
_nós vinhamos_, we came
_vós vinheis_, you came
_elles vinhão_, they came.

_Perfect._
_eu vim_, I have come
_tu vieste_, thou hast come
_elle veio_, he has come
_nós viemos_, we have come
_vós viestes_, you have come
_elles vierão_, they have come.

_Pluperfect._
_eu viera_, I had come
_tu vieras_, thou hadst come
_elle viera_, he had come
_nós vieramos_, we had come
_vós viereis_, you had come
_elles vierão_, they had come.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu venha_, that I may come
_tu venhas_, that thou mayest come
_elle venha_, that he may come
_nós venhamos_, that we may come
_vós venhais_, that you may come
_elles venhão_, that they may come.

_Imperfect._
_que eu viera_, that I might come
_tu vieras_, that thou mightst come
_elle viera_, that he might come
_nós vieramos_, that we might come
_vós viereis_, that you might come
_elles vierão_, that they might come.

_Perfect._
_que eu viesse_, that I may have come
_tu viesses_, that thou mayest have come
_elle viesse_, that he may have come
_nós viessemos_, that we may have come
_vós viesseis_, that you may have come
_elles viessem_, that they may have come.

_Future._
_quando eu vier_, when I shall come
_tu vieres_, when thou shalt come
_elle vier_, when he shall come
_nós viermos_, when we shall come
_vós vierdes_, when you shall come
_elles vierem_, when they shall come.

=Imperative Mood.=

_vem tu_, come thou
_venha elle_, let him come
_venhamos_, let us come
_vinde vós_, come ye
_venhão elles_, let them come.

=Participle=: _vindo_, _vinda_, come.

18. =Pedir=, to request,

changes _d_ in _ç_ in the following persons.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu peço_, I request (the other persons are regular:

_pedes_, _pede_, etc.).

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu peça_, that I may request
_tu peças_, that thou mayest request
_elle peça_, that he may request
_nós peçamos_, that we may request
_vós peçais_, that you may request
_elles peção_, that they may request.

=Imperative Mood.=

_pede tu_, request thou
_peça elle_, let him request
_peçamos nós_, let us request
_pedi vós_, request ye
_peção elles_, let them request.

“_Medir_” to measure, is conjugated in the same manner.

19. =Rir, to laugh.=

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu rio_, I laugh
_tu ris_, thou laughest
_elle ri_, he laughs
_nós rimos_, we laugh
_vós rides_, you laugh
_elles rim_, they laugh.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu ria_, that I may laugh
_tu rias_, that thou mayest laugh
_elle ria_, that he may laugh
_nós riamos_, that we may laugh
_vós riais_, that you may laugh
_elles rião_, that they may laugh.

=Imperative Mood.=

_ri tu_, laugh thou
_ria elle_, let him laugh
_riamos_, let us laugh
_ride vós_, laugh ye
_rião elles_, let them laugh.

20. The Verbs ending in “=gir=”

change the _g_ into _j_ in all persons where _g_ is followed by _o_
or _a_.

21. The Verbs ending in “=uzir=”

drop the final _e_ in the third person Singular of the Present,
as: _conduz_ (not _conduze_), _induz_ (not _induze_).

22. The Verbs ending in “=hir=”

change _hi_ into _i_ in the following persons.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu saio_, I go out

(the others are regular: _sahes_, _sahe_, _sahimos_, etc.).

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu saia_, that I may go out
_tu saias_, that thou mayest go out
_elle saia_, that he may go out
_nós saiamos_, that we may go out
_vós saiais_, that you may go out
_elles saião_, that they may go out.

=Imperative Mood.=

_sahe tu_, go thou out
_saia elle_, let him go out
_saiamos nós_, let us go out
_sahi vós_, go ye out
_saião elles_, let them go out.

23. =Subir, to mount,=

changes _u_ into _o_, in the second person Singular, third person
Singular and Plural of the Present, and in the second person of the
Imperative, as:

_sobes_,
_sobe_,
_sobem_,
_sobe tu_.

24. =Mentir, to lie,=

changes _e_ into _i_ in the following persons.

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu minto_, I lie (_tu mentes_, _elle mente_).

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu minta_, that I may lie
_tu mintas_, that thou mayest lie
_elle minta_, that he may lie
_nós mintamos_, that we may lie
_vós mintais_, that you may lie
_elles mintão_, that they may lie.

=Imperative Mood.=

_mente tu_, lie thou
_minta elle_, let him lie
_mintamos nós_, let us lie
_menti vós_, lie ye
_mintão elles_, let them lie.

The same irregularities occur in
_sentir_, to feel
_servir_, to serve
_ferir_, to wound.

25. =Dormir, to sleep.=

This Verb changes _o_ into _u_ in all persons, in which _mentir_
changes the _e_ into _i_, as:

_durmo_,
_durma_,
_durmamos_.

26. =Ouvir, to hear.=

This Verb changes _uvi_ into _uç_ in all persons in which _mentir_
changes _e_ into _i_, as:

_eu ouço_, I hear
_que eu ouça_, that I may hear.

=Imperative Mood.=

_ouve tu_, hear thou
_ouça elle_, let him hear
_ouçamos nós_, let us hear
_ouvi vós_, hear ye
_oução elles_, let them hear.

Some writers change _u_ into _i_, as:
_oiço_,
_oiça_.

27. =Pôr, to place, to put.=

=Indicative Mood.=

_Present._
_eu ponho_, I place
_tu pões_, thou placest
_elle poem_, he places
_nós pômos_, we place
_vós pondes_, you place
_elles poem_, they place.

_Imperfect._
_eu punha_, I placed
_tu punhas_, thou placedst
_elle punha_, he placed
_nós punhamos_, we placed
_vós punheis_, you placed
_elles punhão_, they placed.

_Perfect._
_eu puz_, I have placed
_tu puzeste_, thou hast placed
_elle póz_, he has placed
_nós puzemos_, we have placed
_vós puzestes_, you have placed
_elles puzerão_, they have placed.

_Pluperfect._
_eu puzera_, I had placed
_tu puzeras_, thou hadst placed
_elle puzera_, he had placed
_nós puzeramos_, we had placed
_vós puzereis_, you had placed
_elles puzerão_, they had placed.

_Future._
_eu porei_, I shall place
_tu porás_, thou shalt place
_elle porá_, he shall place
_nós poremos_, we shall place
_vós poreis_, you shall place
_elles porão_, they shall place.

=Conditional.=

_eu poria_, I should place
_tu porias_, thou shouldst place
_elle poria_, he should place
_nós poriamos_, we should place
_vós porieis_, you should place
_elles porião_, they should place.

=Subjunctive Mood.=

_Present._
_que eu ponha_, that I may place
_tu ponhas_, that thou mayest place
_elle ponha_, that he may place
_nós ponhamos_, that we may place
_vós ponhais_, that you may place
_elles ponhão_, that they may place.

_Imperfect._
_que eu puzera_, that I might place
_tu puzeras_, that thou mightst place
_elle puzera_, that he might place
_nós puzeramos_, that we might place
_vós puzereis_, that you might place
_elles puzerão_, that they might place.

_Perfect._
_que eu puzesse_, that I may have placed
_tu puzesses_, that thou mayest have placed
_elle puzesse_, that he may have placed
_nós puzessemos_, that we may have placed
_vós puzesseis_, that you may have placed
_elles puzessem_, that they may have placed.

_Future._
_quando eu puzer_, when I shall place
_tu puzeres_, when thou shall place
_elle puzer_, when he shall place
_nós puzermos_, when we shall place
_vós puzerdes_, when you shall place
_elles puzerem_, when they shall place.

=Imperative Mood.=

_põe tu_, place thou
_ponha elle_, let him place
_ponhamos nós_, let us place
_ponde vós_, place ye
_ponhão elles_, let them place.

=Gerund=: _pondo_, placing.

=Participle=: _posto_, _posta_, placed.

The Verbs composed by _pôr_ are conjugated in the same manner, as:

_antepôr, compôr, depôr, dispôr, propôr_.

16.

The following Verbs have two Participles, a regular and an irregular one.

FIRST CONJUGATION.

_aceitar_, to accept, _aceitado_, _aceito_
_enxugar_, to dry, _enxugado_, _enxuto_
_exceptuar_, to except, _exceptuado_, _excepto_
_expressar_, to express, _expressado_, _expresso_
_expulsar_, to expel, _expulsado_, _expulso_
_gastar_, to spend, _gastado_, _gasto_
_imprensar_, to print, _imprensado_, _impresso_
_izentar_, to except, _izentado_, _izento_
_manifestar_, to manifest, _manifestado_, _manifesto_
_pagar_, to pay, _pagado_, _pago_
_salvar_, to save, _salvado_, _salvo_
_professar_, to act, profess, _professado_, _professo_
_soltar_, to set at liberty, _soltado_, _solto_
_sujeitar_, to subject, _sujeitado_, _sujeito_.

SECOND CONJUGATION.

{ _absoluto_
_absolver_, to acquit, _absolvido_, { _absolto_
_absorver_, to swallow, _absorvido_, _absorto_
_accender_, to light, _accendido_, _acceso_
_corromper_, to corrupt, _corrompido_, _corrupto_
_eleger_, to elect, _elegido_, _eleito_
_encher_, to fill, _enchido_, _cheio_
_envolver_, to envelope, _envolvido_, _envolto_
_escrever_, to write, _escrevido_, _escrito_
_incorrer_, to incur (a penalty), _incorrido_, _incurso_
_interromper_, to interrupt, _interrompido_, _interrupto_
_morrer_, to die, _morrido_, _morto_
_prender_, to take (into charge), _prendido_, _preso_
_romper_, to break (open), _rompido_, _roto_
_suspender_, to postpone, _suspendido_, _suspenso_
_torcer_, to turn, _torcido_, _torto_.

THIRD CONJUGATION.

_abrir_, to open, _abrido_, _aberto_
_affligir_, to afflict, _affligido_, _afflicto_
_concluir_, to close, shut, _concluido_, _concluso_
_contrahir_, to contract, _contrahido_, _contracto_
_cubrir_, to cover, _cubrido_, _cuberto_
_distinguir_, to distinguish, _distinguido_, _distincto_
_distrahir_, to abstract, _distrahido_, _distracto_
_erigir_, to erect, _erigido_, _erecto_
_exhaurir_, to exhaust, _exhaurido_, _exhausto_
_expellir_, to expel, _expellido_, _expulso_
_exprimir_, to express, _exprimido_, _expresso_
_exstinguir_, to extinguish, _extinguido_, _extincto_
_extrahir_, to extract, _extrahido_, _extracto_
_frigir_, to fry, _frigido_, _frito_
_imprimir_, to impress, _imprimido_, _impresso_
_incluir_, to shut up, _incluido_, _incluso_
_inserir_, to insert, _inserido_, _inserto_
_opprimir_, to oppress, _opprimido_, _oppresso_
_possuir_, to possess, _possuido_, _possesso_
_reprimir_, to suppress, _reprimido_, _represso_
_submergir_, to submerge, _submergido_, _submerso_
_supprimir_, to oppress, _supprimido_, _suppresso_
_surgir_, to anchor, _surgido_, _surto_.

The first or regular form of these Participles is generally used for the compound tenses, whilst the second or irregular form is Generally used with _ser_ or _estar_.

17.

=Impersonal Verbs=

are only used in the third person Singular, they are:

_Chover_, to rain — _chove_, it rains
_relampager_ } to lighten — _relampaga_ } it lightens
_fuzilar_ } — _fuzila_ }
_trovejar_, to thunder — _troveja_, it thunders
_choviscar_, to drizzle (rain) — _chovisca_, it drizzles
_nevar_, to snow — _neva_, it snows
_gelar_, to freeze — _gela_, it freezes.

They follow those Conjugations to which they belong.

18.

Adverbs.

=1. Adverbs of Time.=

_Hoje_, to-day
_agora_, now
_hontem_, yesterday
_presentemente_, at present
_antehontem_, the day before yesterday
_antigamente_, in times past
_ultimamente_, lastly
_recentemente_, lately
_amanhãa_, to-morrow
_logo_, directly
_depois de amanhãa_, the day after to-morrow
_daqui por diante_, from hence, in future
_sempre_, always
_desde_, since
_ainda_, yet.

=2. Adverbs of Place.=

_aqui_, here
_ali_, _acolá_, there
_arriba_, above
_abaixo_, below
_além_, on the other side
_daquem_, on this side
_á mão direita_, to the right
_á mão esquerda_, to the left
_d’ali_, from here.

=3. Adverbs of Number and Comparison.=

_primeiramente_, firstly
_segundamente_, secondly
_em terceiro lugar_, thirdly
_depois_, afterwards
_raramente_, _de maravilha_, rarely
_mais_, more
_menos_, less
_tão_ } almost
_como se_ }
_como_, as
_assim_, just so, the same
_melhor_, better
_peior_, worse
_quasi_, almost
_em parte_, partly
_quando muito_, highest
_quando menos_, least.

=4. Adverbs of Manner and Kind.=

_muito_, very
_bem_, good, well
_mal_, bad
_pouco_, little
_assaz_, enough
_demasiadamente_, too much
_sufficientemente_, sufficient
_abundantemente_, abundantly
_mesmo_, even
_apenas_, scarcely
_senão_, only
_principalmente_, chiefly
_em geral_, generally, altogether.

=5. Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation.=

_sim_, yes
_certamente_, certainly
_verdadeiramente_, indeed
_não_, no
_nada_, nothing
_talvez_ }
_pode ser_ } perhaps
_quiça_ }
_quando?_ when?
_como?_ how?
_porque?_ why?
_quanto?_ how much?
_onde?_ where?
_aonde?_ whereto?

The Adverbs are not declined, but some are compared like the Adjectives, as:

_mais ricamente_, richer
_menos ricamente_, less rich
_tão ricamente_, just as rich
_muito ricamente_, very rich
_o mais ricamente_, the richest;

Superl.
_bem_, good, formes the Comp.: _melhor_ — _optimamente_
_mal_, bad, - - - _peior_ — _pessimamente_.

19.

=The following Adverbs are principally in use=:

_agora_, now
_hoje_, to-day
_amanhãa_, to-morrow
_amanhãa pela manhãa_, to-morrow-morning
_depois de amanhãa_, the day after to-morrow
_frequentamente_, frequently, often
_nunca_, never
_ordinariamente_, generally
_jamais_, never
_tarde_, late
_cedo_, early
_daqui por diante_, in future
_ultimamente_, lastly, at latest
_recentemente_, lately
_logo_, soon
_depois_, afterwards
_abundantemente_, abundantly
_com razão_, _justamente_, in justice
_absolutamente_, absolutely
_já para já_, immediately
_com condição_, under the condition
_actualmente_, actually, at present
_de proposito_, purposely
_admiravelmente_ } admirable
_maravilhosamente_ }
_as mil maravilhas_, exquisitely
_astutamente_, artfully
_atraiçoadamente_, traitorously
_de maravilha_, very rarely
_a miudo_, often
_assim_ }
_tão_ } so, equally so
_apressa_, quickly, in haste
_facilmente_, easily
_ao avesso_, reversedly
_as avessas_, reversedly
_de improviso_ } extempore
_improvisamente_ }
_quasi_, _casi_, almost
_então_, then
_desde então_, since
_desde quando?_ since when?
_de quando ha?_ how long ago?
_quando bem_ } even
_ainda quando_ }
_quando muito_, highest, at latest
_quando menos_, at least
_cá_, here
_alli_, there
_ahi_, there, where (you are}
_acolá_, there
_traz_ } behind
_detraz_ }
_para traz_, backwards
_isto he_, that is to say
_em vez_, _em lugar_, instead
_tambem_, also
_tanto que_ } as soon as
_logo que_ }
_acaso_, accidentally
_ainda_, yet
_finalmente_, at last
_muito_, much, very
_depressa_, quickly
_aqui_, here
_até_, until
_bem_, well, good
_mal_, bad
_como_, how, as
_como?_ how?
_primeiro que_, before that
_primeiro que tudo_, before all
_fora_, out, out of
_já_, already
_abaixo_, below
_acima_, above
_de balde_, in vain
_antes_, for, before
_juntamente_, together
_enteiramente_, entirely
_ao redor_, round about
_loucamente_, foolishly
_atrevidamente_, boldly
_felizmente_, happily
_vergonhosamente_, infamously
_nem se quer_, even if
_mais_, more
_menos_, less
_sim_, yes
_não_, no
_onde_, where
_nada_, nothing
_de cór_, by heart
_em vão_, in vain
_escassamente_, scarcely, rarely
_em fin_, at last
_longe_, long, far
_verdadeiramente_, truly
_dentro_, thereinto
_as vezes_, sometimes
_de vagar_, slowly
_quando_, when
_quanto_, how much.

20.

=Prepositions.=

The Prepositions most in use are the following:

_a_, to
_de_, from
_em_, in
_dentro_, in, within
_sobre_, on, over
_debaixo_ } under
_sob_ }
_perante_, before
_altraz_ } behind
_traz_ }
_entre_, between
_para_, after
_perto_ } by, near, at
_junto_ }
_desde_, of, from
_até_, after
_antes_, before
_depois_, after
_durante_, during
_desde_, since
_com_, with
_excepto_, except
_fora_ } besides
_além_ }
_sem_, without
_contra_, against
_a pezar_, notwithstanding
_não obstante_, in spite of
_para com_, against
_acerca_, in respect
_por_, through
_mediante_, by means of.

21.

The following are used with the =Genitive=:

_além dos mares_, on the other side of the seas
_além d’isso_, besides this one
_acerca daquelle negocio_, as to that business
_aquem_ or _daquem dos mares_, on this side of the seas
_antes do dia_, before daybreak
_diante de Deos_, before God
_dentro da igreja_, within the church
_de traz do palacio_, behind the palace
_debaixo da mesa_, under the table
_em cima da mesa_, upon the table
_ao redor_ or _em contorno da cidade_, round about the town
_perto de Londres_, near London
_fora da casa_, out of the house
_fora de perigo_, out of danger
_depois da cea_, after the supper
_defronte de minha casa_, opposite to my house
_defronte da igreja_, opposite the church;

=Dative=:

_quanto áquillo_, with regard to that
_pegado á muralha_, at, near the wall
_desde o bico do pé até á cabeza_, from head to foot;

=Accusative.=

_perante o juiz_, before the judge
_durante o inverno_, during the winter
_traz do templo_, behind the temple
_entre os homens_, among men
_sobre a mesa_, on the table
_conforme á lei_, according to the law
_segundo á ordem_, in consequence of the order
_por amor de Deos_, for God’s sake
_pelo mundo_, through the world
_pela rua_, through the street
_contra elles_, against them.

_A_ (to), _eu vou a Londres_, I go to London,
_voltar a Portugal_, to return to Portugal,
_não tem nada que fazer_ }
_não tem nada a fazer_ } he has nothing to do.

_De_ (from), _vir de França_, I come from France,
_vir das Indias_, I come from India,
_sahir de Londres_, I go from London
(to leave London),
_de noite_, by night,
_de dia_, by day.

_Por_ (by, from), _por mar e por terra_, by sea and by land.

22.

=Conjunctions.=

_E_, and
_tambem_ }
_outrosim_ } also
_tambem_—_como_, as well—as
_não sómente_—_mas tambem_, not only—but also
_ora_—_ora_, soon—soon
_em primeiro lugar_, firstly
_então_, then
_além disso_ }
_de mais_ } further
_depois_, afterwards
_em fim_, at last
_em parte_—_em parte_, partly—partly
_ou_—_ou_, either—or
_nem_—_nem_, neither—nor
_tão_, so
_assim_, thus
_porém_ }
_mas_ } but
_com tudo_, notwithstanding
_ainda que_, although
_assim_, therefore
_porque_, because
_pois_, there
_afim_, that
_se não_, else
_com tanto que_, taking for granted that
_bem que_, certainly, indeed.

23.

_que_, that
_nomeadamente_, namely
_se_, whether
_comó_, as
_a saber_, viz
_excepto_, _alem_, except
_onde_, where
_donde_, whence
_quando_, when
_desde que_, since
_durante que_, whilst, during
_antes_, before
_depois que_ } afterwards
_depois de_ }
_como_, as
_como tambem_, as soon as
_tão_—_como_, so—as
_assim_—_que_, so that
_por isso_, why
_porque_, because
_por_, _pois_, there
_afim que_ } that
_para que_ }
_se_, if
_se_, _posto que_, in case
_se não que_, if not
_com tanto que_, in case
_ainda que_, although
_não obstante_, notwithstanding
_tanto_—_tanto_, the—the.

Examples.
_Francezes e Inglezes._ Frenchmen and Englishmen.
_Nem este, nem aquelle._ Neither these, nor those.
_Ou este, ou aquelle._ Either this one, or that one
_Nem mais, nem menos._ Neither more, nor less.
_Quer o faça, quer não, tudo It is indifferent to me whether
para mim he o mesmo._ he does it or not.
_Quer seja verdade, quer não._ Whether it be true or not.
_Antes quero pedir que furtar._ I will rather beg than steal.
_Antes morrerei que dizer-volo._ I will rather die than tell it
to you.

=Interjections=

may be divided according to the various passions or emotions expressed by them.

Of Joy: _Ah! ho!_
Of Pain: _Ai! apre!_
Of Fear: _Ai Jesus! eh, eh! ai de mim!_
Of Abhorrence: _Va-se embora! passa fora!_
Of Surprise: _Oh! Ah!_
Urging or Exhorting: _Ora vamos! animo, animo!
arreda! hola! sentido!_
Silencing: _Chiton! calla a boca! calai-vos!_
Wishing: _O provera a Deos!_

=Reading Lessons.=

1.

Em um ajuntamento[545] de senhoras e homens suscitou-se[546] a questão[547] de qual era o paiz[548] melhor[549] para se habitar[550]; e dizendo uma que Londres, outra que Pariz, este que o Brazil, aquelle que a Austria ou a Italia, disse uma senhora mui presumida[551]: “Pois[552] eu dou[553] a primazia[554] ao celibato, pois tenho ouvido dizer a meu irmão padre[555], que he de todos os estados o mais perfeito.”

[545] meeting.

[546] to ask.

[547] the question.

[548] land.

[549] better.

[550] to live.

[551] presumptuous.

[552] as.

[553] I give.

[554] the preference.

[555] the priest.

2.

Certo[556] juiz de fóra[557] tendo queixas do povo[558] que os arrematantes da vacca[559] só matavão[560] um boi[561] cada dia d’assouge[562], e que este não chegava[563] para todos, e ao mesmo tempo[564] ouvindo dizer aos ditos arrematantes que dous bois erão de sobejo[565]; mandou[566] por seu respeitando despacho que cada dia d’assougue se matasse boi e meio.

[556] a certain.

[557] judge who has studied.

[558] the people.

[559] the priviledged butchers of beef.

[560] _matar_, to kill, to slaughter.

[561] the ox.

[562] _açougue_, the slaughter-house.

[563] _chegar_, to suffice.

[564] at the same time.

[565] too much.

[566] to order.

3.

Dizia o P. Antonio Vieira, que toda a fortuna d’um homem de corte[567] consistia em saber adular[568], mentir[569], furtar[570], e repartir[571].

[567] courtier.

[568] to flatter.

[569] to lie.

[570] to steal.

[571] to divide.

4.

Na desgraçada[572] morte[573] do Principe D. Affonso, disse El-Rei Dom João II. seu pai: “No excessivo sentimento em que vivo da morte de meu filho, só me consola parecer-me que Deos se lembrou[574] d’este reino[575]; porque o Principe não era para Rei dos Portuguezes: os Portuguezes hão de mister Rei de bronze. Era o Principe inclinado a delicias[576].”

[572] unfortunate.

[573] death.

[574] _lembrar-se_, to remember.

[575] kingdom.

[576] pleasure.

5.

Levantando[577] El-Rei D. João I. o sitio[578], que tinha posto a Coria, disse: “Grande falta[579] nos fizerão os cavalheiros da taboa redonda[580]; porque se elles aqui estivérão, não nos levantáramos desta cidade sem a render[581].” Respondeo Mem Rodrigues de Vasconcellos: “Não faltarão por certo, senhor, aqui esses cavalheiros; porque aqui está Martim Vasques da Cunha, que he tão bom, como dizem o foi D. Galaz; Gonçalo Vasques Coutinho, que he tão bom como D. Tristão; João Fernandes Pacheco, que não deve nada a Lancarote; e aqui estou eu, que não mereço[582] menos[583] que qualquer d’elles: O certo he, senhor, que só faltou aqui o bom Rei Artur, que os sabía estimar, e animar com mercês grandes.”

[577] to raise.

[578] the siege.

[579] want.

[580] round table.

[581] surrender.

[582] to be worth.

[583] less.

6.

Quando El-Rei D. Sebastião quiz[584] fazer[585] a jornada de Africa, determinou avistar-se em N. Senhora de Guadalupe com El-Rei Philippe seu tio[586]; para se ajustar[587] esta funcção[588] veio[589] de Castella o duque[590] d’Alva, cavalheiro mui soberbo[591], e pouco affeiçoado aos Portuguezes, e de cá foi o conde[592] de Redondo. Entre a pratica[593] que tiverão, lhe perguntou[594] o duque que fidalgos vinhão com El-Rei Dom Sebastião; porque com El-Rei vinha elle, e outros como elle. Respondeo-lhe o conde: “Com El-Rei meu senhor vem o duque de Bragança, o de Aveiro, e o marquez[595] de Villa-Real; e fidalgos razos[596], como eu e vós, vem muitos.”

[584] _querer_, to wish.

[585] to make.

[586] uncle.

[587] to arrange.

[588] business.

[589] he came (_vir_).

[590] duke.

[591] proud.

[592] the count.

[593] the discussion.

[594] to ask.

[595] marquis.

[596] the low gentry.

7.

Pedindo[597] um pobre[598] esmola[599] a Philippe II. lhe dizia que se lembrasse erão irmãos; e perguntando-lhe El-Rei por que quarte, respondeo por Adão. Mandou[600]-lhe El-Rei dar um real. Replicou[601] o pobre que aquella esmola não era d’um irmão Rei. “Se a todos os meus irmãos”, disse Philippe, “eu désse outro tanto[602], já não teria[603] real que dar.”

[597] _pedir_, to beg.

[598] poor.

[599] alms.

[600] ordered.

[601] reply.

[602] just as much.

[603] I would have.

8.

Christovão Colon foi o primeiro que com audaz[604] fortaleza[605] navegou o oceano, o descobrio[606] as Indias de Castella; pelo que mereceo que os Reis Catholicos o fizessem duque de Beraguas. Estava uma noite[607] ceando[608] com outros cavalheiros seus amigos; e dizendo-lhe um que aquella façanha a poderia obrar qualquer outro, se lhe dessem o socorro[609], que fosse necessario, dissimulou Christovão Colon, e tirando um ovo[610] do prato, perguntou aos demais fidalgos se poderia algum fazer que aquelle ovo estivesse levantado[611], sem que se arrimasse[612] a cousa alguma? Respondêrão todos, que não podia ser[613]. Pegou[614] no ovo Christovão Colon, e dando com elle mansamente[615] na mesa[616], lhe fez uma pequena[617] móssa[618], e o póz muito direito. Rírão-se[619] todos, e disse Colon: “Nenhum[620] de Vossas Mercês[621] ha que não acha facil navegar o oceano, depois que eu de lá vim; porém he certo, que se eu não fôra o primeiro, nenhum seria o segundo.”

[604] audacious.

[605] fortitude.

[606] discovered.

[607] night.

[608] _cear_, to sup.

[609] assistance.

[610] egg.

[611] to stand erect.

[612] to assist.

[613] that it could not be.

[614] _pegar_, to take up.

[615] quiet.

[616] table.

[617] small.

[618] break.

[619] _rir-se_, to laugh.

[620] nobody.

[621] of your honours.

9.

Um Mahometano consultando a Aischeh mulher de Mahometo, lhe pedio uma regra[622] para bem viver; e ella lhe respondeo: “Reconhece[623] um só Deos, refrêa[624] a tua lingua, reprime[625] as tuas paixões[626], adquire sciencia, vive constante na tua religião, abstem-te de fazer mal[627], frequenta os bons, encobre[628] os defeitos do teu proximo[629], soccorre[630] os pobres, e espera a eternidade por recompensa.”

[622] rule.

[623] recognise.

[624] restrict.

[625] suppress.

[626] passions.

[627] to do evil.

[628] cover.

[629] neighbour.

[630] assist.

10.

Querendo certo homem desquitar-se[631] de sua mulher, com quem tinha pouca paz[632], appareceo[633] para este fim[634] diante[635] do Provisor. Estranhou[636] elle a proposta[637], porque conhecia a mulher, e era de boas qualidades: “Porque quereis deixar[638] vossa mulher?” (lhe perguntou o Provisor): “Não he virtuosa?”—“Sim, senhor”; respondeo o homem.—“Não he rica?”—“Sim, senhor.” Emfim[639] a todas as cousas, sobre que era perguntado, respondia em abono seu. Com que lhe disse o Provisor: “Pois se vossa mulher tem tantas cousas boas, porque quereis desquitar-vos della?” A isto o homem, descalçando[640] um sapato[641], perguntou ao Provisor: “Senhor, este sapato não he novo?”—“Sim”, respondeo o Provisor. Accrescentou[642]: “não está bem feito[643]?”—“Sim, ao que parece”, respondeo o Provisor.—“Não he de bom cordavão, e de boa sola?”—Respondeo do mesmo modo que sim. “Pois vê Vossa Mercê com tudo isso[644]” (disse o descontente marido[645]), “pois eu quero tirar este sapato, e calçar outro, porque eu sei muito bem aonde[646] me aperta[647], e faz mancar[648], e Vossa Mercê não o sabe.”

[631] to divorce.

[632] peace.

[633] appeared.

[634] for this purpose.

[635] before.

[636] to surprise.

[637] the proposition.

[638] to leave.

[639] in fine.

[640] to take off.

[641] the shoe.

[642] to add.

[643] _fazer_, to make.

[644] with all that.

[645] husband.

[646] where.

[647] pinch.

[648] to make tame.

11.

=Botocudos.=

Estes Indios dominão[649] na cordilheira[650] habitada[651] por seus maiores[652] os Aimorés, de cuja[653] barbaridade ainda guardão sementes. Quando os Portuguezes começárão[654] a povoar[655] o Brazil tiverão de guerrear com os ferozes[656] Aimorés, a quem dizem[657] que derão[658] o nome de Botocudos, de boto, e codea[659], por isso que os Indios desta nação[660] erão rolhos, e trazião[661] o corpo[662] coberto d’uma codea de gomma[663] copal com que se pintavão[664] para se preservarem das ferretoadas[665] dos mosquitos e outros insectos. Os Botocudos são mais brancos[666] que a maior parte dos demais[667] Indios do Brazil, porém, como seus ascendentes os Aimorés, costumão[668] pintar a cara[669] e mais partes do corpo. Dividem-se em varias tribus ou cabildas[670], cada[671] uma com seu cabo[672], que tem um poder[673] absoluto sobre os seus[674] em os negocios de maior importancia como são a caça[675], a guerra[676] e a escolha[677] de uma nova morada[678]; mas na aldea[679] limita-se toda a sua autoridade a compôr as desavenças que são entre elles mui frequentes. Este lugar não he hereditario, escolhe-se para elle o mais bravo, e por vezes[680] o mais atrevido[681] se proclama por chefe da tribu, sobre tudo se por ventura o que os commandava vem a morrer. Os Botocudos tem as espadoas[682] largas, o pescoço[683] curto, o nariz[684] chato, as maçãas[685] do rosto proeminentes, os pés[686] pequenos, as extremidades inferiores delgadas[687], mas nervosas. Furão as orelhas[688], e o beiço inferior[689], e enfião no buraco[690] uma rodella de páo[691]. São vingativos[692] e traidores[693], posto que tinhão um exterior alegre e um ar[694] de franqueza. Não tem especie alguma de culto; considerão[695] o sol[696] como uma divindade a que chamão[697], e reverenceão ainda mais a lua[698], quando com sua luz os protege em suas excursões nocturnas. Amão e imitão as ceremonias religiosas dos christãos, quanto isto póde compadecer-se com a vida nomada que fazem, assim que são de todos os Indios os que mais custão a civilizar-se.

[649] govern.

[650] mountain chain.

[651] inhabited.

[652] ancestors.

[653] whose.

[654] to begin.

[655] to populate.

[656] wild.

[657] _dizer_, to say.

[658] they gave (_dar_).

[659] the rind.

[660] nation.

[661] to carry.

[662] the body.

[663] gum.

[664] _pintar_, to paint.

[665] sting.

[666] white.

[667] the others.

[668] to have the practice.

[669] face.

[670] hordes.

[671] each.

[672] leader.

[673] power.

[674] over his tribe.

[675] the chase.

[676] war.

[677] the choice.

[678] place of residence.

[679] village.

[680] sometimes.

[681] bold.

[682] shoulder.

[683] neck.

[684] nose.

[685] cheeks.

[686] foot.

[687] thin.

[688] ears.

[689] the underlip.

[690] a hole.

[691] wooden.

[692] vindictive.

[693] traitorous.

[694] an air.

[695] to look upon.

[696] the sun.

[697] to call.

[698] the moon.

12.

=As grutas=[699] =do inferno=[700].