Chapter III: Cults of the Omaha, Ponka, Kansa, and Osage 371

Beliefs and practices not found 371
Omaha, Ponka, and Kansa belief in a wakanda 372
Seven great wakandas 372
Invocation of warmth and streams 372
Prayer to wakanda 373
Accessories of prayer 373
Omaha and Kansa expressions about wakanda 374
Ponka belief about malevolent spirits 374
An old Omaha custom 375
The sun a wakanda 376
Invocations 376
The offering of tobacco 377
The Ponka sun dance of 1873 378
The moon a wakanda 378
Berdaches 378
Stars as wakandas 379
The winds as wakandas 380
Invocation 380
Kansa sacrifice to the winds 380
Osage consecration of mystic fireplaces 380
The thunder-being a wakanda 381
Omaha and Ponka invocation of the thunder-being 381
Thunder-being invoked by warriors 382
Ictasanda custom 383
Kansa worship of the thunder-being 385
Subterranean and subaquatic wakandas 386
The indaȼiñga 386
Other Kansa wakandas 387
Omaha invocations of the trap, etc. 387
Fasting 390
Mystic trees and plants 390
Iȼa‘eȼĕ 392
Personal mystery decorations 394
Order of thunder shamans 395
Generic forms of decoration 397
Specific forms of decoration 398
Corn and the buffalo 403
Other Omaha mystery decorations 403
Kansa mystery decorations 405
Omaha nikie decorations 407
Omaha nikie customs 410
Governmental instrumentalities 411
Omaha and Ponka taboos 411
Fetichism 412
Fetiches of the tribe and gens 413
Omaha tribal fetiches 413
Osage tribal fetiches 414
Kansa tribal fetiches 415
Personal fetiches 415
Sorcery 416
Jugglery 417
Omaha and Ponka belief as to a future life 419
Kansa beliefs respecting death and a future life 421