Chapter VII: Concluding remarks 520

Peet on Indian religions 520
The author’s reply 521
Cults of the elements 522
The four quarters 524
Symbolic colors 527
Colors in personal names 533
The earth powers 534
Earth gentes 534
The fire powers 534
Fire gentes 536
The wind-makers 536
Wind gentes 537
Each quarter reckoned as three 537
Names referring to other worlds 537
The water powers 537
Water people 538
Cautions and queries 538
Composite names 539
Personal names from horned beings 541
Names derived from several homogeneous objects or beings 542
Return of the spirit to the eponym 542
Functions of gentes and subgentes 542
The “Messiah craze” 544
Epilogue 544

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE XLIV. Siouan tents (_A_, tent of Ԁejequta; _B_, tent of
Mazi-jiñga (man in the sun); _C_, tent of Heqaga; _D_,
tent of Kaxe-ȼaⁿba’s father; _E_, tent of Hupeȼa,
Sr., and Agaha-wacuce) 361
XLV. Camping circle at the time of the sun dance 454
XLVI. The dancing lodge 458
XLVII. Scarification of candidates (1, Okáska nażin; 2,
Ptepa kin waći) 460
XLVIII. The sun dance 462
XLIX. A suspended devotee 464
L. The double woman 480

FIG. 156. George Miller’s personal mystery decoration 394
157. A variant of Fig. 156 394
158. Robe of Wanukige 395
159. Tent of Wanukige 396
160. Robe of Ȼaqube 396
161. Robe of Ԁahe-ʇap‘ĕ 397
162. Generic decoration referring to night, etc. 397
163. Tent of Aⁿpaⁿ-ska, Sr. 398
164. Robe of Aⁿpaⁿ-ska, Sr. 399
165. Tent of Mazi-jiñga (ghost vision) 399
166. A tent of Nikuȼibȼaⁿ 399
167. Another tent of Nikuȼibȼaⁿ 399
168. Blanket of Cuʞa maⁿȼiⁿ 400
169. Tent of ┴esaⁿ; vision of a cedar 401
170. Tent of ┴esaⁿ; sun and rainbow vision 401
171. Cornstalk decoration of the tents of Fire Chief and Waqaga 402
172. Robe of Ni-ȼactage 403
173. Duba-maⁿȼiⁿ’s father’s tent 403
174. Maⁿtcu-naⁿba’s tent 403
175. Wackaⁿhi’s tent 404
176. Tent of an unknown Omaha 404
177. Tent of ┴ebi‘a 405
178. Tent of a Kansa who had an eagle vision 405
179. Kansa decorated tent 406
180. Kansa decorated tent 406
181. Maⁿze-guhe’s robe 406
182. Maⁿze-guhe’s tent 407
183. Duba-maⁿȼiⁿ’s father’s blanket 407
184. Iñke-sabĕ tent decoration 408
185. Iñke-sabĕ tent decoration 409
186. Waqaga’s robe 409
187. Sacred tent in which the pole was kept 413
188. Bear Butte, South Dakota 449
189. The “u-ma-ne” symbol 451
190. Eagle-wing flute 455
191. The tent of preparation and the dancing lodge 459
192. The ghost lodge 487
193. The Ȼatada gentile circle 523
194. The four elements, etc. 523
195. Kansa order of invoking winds, etc. 525
196. Tsiɔu (Osage) order of placing the four sticks, etc. 525
197. Paⁿɥka (Osage) order of placing the four sticks, etc. 526
198. Kaⁿ[s]e (Osage) order of circumambulation 526
199. Showing how the Osage prepared the scalp for the dance 526
200. Omaha lightnings and the four quarters 527

GAST LITH. CO.
SIOUAN TENTS.]

A STUDY OF SIOUAN CULTS.

BY JAMES OWEN DORSEY.