Chapter LXXXII: Section III: , p. 42 (1)

[13] _Infra_, Section IV., p. 46.

[14] _Infra_, Section V., p. 46.

[15] _Infra_, Section VII., p. 56.

[16] _Clementi_ v. _Golding_ (1809), 2 Camp., 25; _Storace_ v. _Longman_ (1788), 2 Camp., 26 _n._; _Hime_ v. _Dale_ (1803), 2 Camp., 27 _n._; _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298.

[17] _Southern_ v. _Bailes_ (1894), 38 Sol. J., 681.

[18] _Cox_ v. _Land and Water_ (1869), L. R. 9 Eq. 324.

[19] _Walter_ v. _Howe_ (1881), 17 Ch. D., 708; and see _Platt_ v. _Walter_ (1867), 17 L. T., 157.

[20] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; _Cate_ v. _Devon_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.

[21] _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1900], 1 Ch., 122.

[22] _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374. Both this case and _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ are cases of infringement, but they would seem equally to apply to a question whether a certain scroll or document would be a "book" entitled to copyright under the Acts.

[23] See Stirling, J., in _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1899], 1 Ch., at p. 842.

[24] See Stirling, J., in _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1899], 1 Ch., at p. 842.

[25] _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298. See p. 38.

[26] (1801), 1 East., 358; and see _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298; _Tonson_ v. _Walker_ (1752), 3 Swanst., 672.

[27] _Black_ v. _Murray_ (1870), 9 M., 341; _Sweet_ v. _Benning_ (1855), 16 C. B., 459.

[28] _Bogue_ v. _Houlston_ (1852), 5 De Gex and Smale, 267.

[29] _Low_ v. _Ward_ (1868), L. R., 6 Eq., 415.

[30] _Leslie_ v. _Young_ [1894], A. C., 335.

[31] Lindley, L. J., in _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 223.

[32] [1894], 3 Ch., 663.

[33] [1900], A. C., 539.

[34] [1900], A. C., p. 548.

[35] (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.

[36] 21 Ch. D., at p. 378.

[37] _Infra_, p. 16.

[38] _Infra_, p. 16.

[39] _Infra_, p. 18.

[40] _Infra_, p. 20.

[41] _Infra_, p. 20.

[42] _Infra_, p. 22.

[43] _Infra_, p. 29.

[44] _Infra_, p. 225.

[45] _Infra_, p. 19.

[46] _Kenrick_ v. _Danube Collieries_ (1891), 39 W. R., 473.

[47] _Hollinrake_ v. _Truswell_ [1894], 3 Ch., 420.

[48] _Chilton_ v. _Progress_ [1895], 2 Ch., 29; _Maxwell_ v. _Hogg_ (1867), L. R., 2 Ch., at p. 318.

[49] _Hollinrake_ v. _Truswell_ [1894], 3 Ch., 420.

[50] _Davis_ v. _Comitti_ (1885), 52 L. T. (N. S.), 539.

[51] _Fourmat_ v. _Pearson_ (1897), 14 T. L. R., 82.

[52] _Infra_, p. 34.

[53] _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.

[54] _Stannard_ v. _Lee_ (1871), L. R., 6 Ch., 346; see _infra_, p. 148.

[55] _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539.

[56] Ibid.

[57] Ibid.

[58] _Wyatt_ v. _Barnard_ (1814), 3 V. and B., 77.

[59] _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 Tamlyn, at p. 299 _n._

[60] _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves., 270.

[61] _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539.

[62] _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539. See Brougham, L., in _Jefferys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., at p. 965.

[63] _Infra_, p. 26.

[64] _Infra_, p. 25.

[65] _Infra_, p. 25.

[66] _Infra_, p. 24.

[67] _Infra_, p. 23.

[68] _Taylor_ v. _Bayne_ (1776), Mor. Dic., 8308; _Carnan_ v. _Bowles_ (1786), 2 Bro. C. C., 80; _Cary_ v. _Faden_ (1799), 5 Ves., 24; _Cary_ v. _Longman_ (1801), 1 East., 358; _Cary_ v. _Kearsley_ (1802), 4 Esp., 168.

[69] _Carnan_ v. _Bowles_ (1786), 2 Bro. C. C., 80; 1 Cox. Ch. Cas., 283.

[70] _Taylor_ v. _Bayne_ (1776), Mor. Dic., 8308.

[71] _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697; Page Wood, V. C., at p. 701.

[72] _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves., 270; _Longman_ v. _Winchester_ (1809), 16 Ves., 269; _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697; _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34; _Morris_ v. _Wright_ (1870), L. R., 5 Ch., 279; _Kelly's Directories_ v. _Gavin & Lloyds_ [1901], 1 Ch., 374; _Garland_ v. _Gemmill_ (1887), 14 S. C. R. (Canada), 321.

[73] _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves. 270.

[74] _Longman_ v. _Winchester_ (1809), 16 Ves., 269.

[75] _Cornish_ v. _Upton_ (1861), 4 L. T. (N. S.), 862.

[76] _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.

[77] _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.

[78] [1893], 1 Ch., 218.

[79] Bowen, L. J. [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 227.

[80] Lindley, L. J. [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 222; and see _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.

[81] (1863), H. and M., 603.

[82] (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.

[83] L. R., 14 Eq., at p. 414.

[84] (1875), L. R., 19 Eq., 623.

[85] (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.

[86] (1863), 1 H. and M., 603.

[87] (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.

[88] (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.

[89] (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.

[90] Ibid.

[91] 21 Ch. D., at p. 379; and see _Church_ v. _Linton_ (1894), 25 Ont. Rep., 131.

[92] (1898), 78 L. T. (N. S.), 613.

[93] (1863), 1 H. and M., 603.

[94] (1884), 26 Ch. D., 637.

[95] (1886), 2 T. L. R., 291.

[96] _Walford_ v. _Johnston_, 20 D., 1160.

[97] _Maclean_ v. _Moody_, 20 D., 1154; and see _Kelly's Directories_ v. _Gavin & Lloyds_ [1901], 1 Ch., 374.

[98] _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.

[99] L. R., 3 Eq., at p. 723.

[100] _Wyatt_ v. _Barnard_ (1814), 3 V. and B., 77; _Trade Auxiliary Co._ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.

[101] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; and see _Hall_ v. _Whittington_ (1892), 15 Vic. L. R., 525.

[102] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.

[103] (1814), 3 V. and B., 77.

[104] (1869), L. R., 9 Eq., 324.

[105] [1894], A. C., 335.

[106] (1829) 1 R. and M., 73; see also _King_ v. _Reed_ (1804), 8 Ves., 223.

[107] (1847), 11 Jur., 344.

[108] (1732), cited 2 Bro. P. C. 138; and Ambl., 694.

[109] (1847), 9 D., 748.

[110] _Southern_ v. _Bailes_ (1894), 38 Sol. J., 681; see _Church_ v. _Linton_ (1894), 25 Ont. Rep., 131.

[111] See _Longman_ v. _Winchester_ (1809), 16 Ves., at p. 271.

[112] (1821), Jac., 311; and see _Marzials_ v. _Gibbons_ (1874), L. R., 9 Ch., 518.

[113] (1839), 2 Beav., 6.

[114] (1843), 5 D., 416.

[115] (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.

[116] (1858), 31 L. T. (O. S.), 18; 6 W. R., 352.

[117] _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951; see _Moffat and Paige_ v. _Gill_ [1902], C. A., April 25.

[118] _Gyles_ v. _Wilcox_ (1740), 2 Alk., 142.

[119] _Wyatt_ v. _Barnard_ (1814), 3 V. and B., 77; _Chatterton_ v. _Cave_ (1875), 10 C. P., 572; (1878), 3 A. C., 483.

[120] _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_ (1896), 74 L. T., 77; _Hatton_ v. _Kean_ (1859), 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268; _Chatterton_ v. _Cave_ (1875), L. R., 10 C. P., 572; (1878), 3 A. C., 483.

[121] _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1867), 7 B. and S., 869; _Boosey_ v. _Fairlie_ (1877), 7 Ch. D., 301; (1868), 9 B. and S., 175.

[122] _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182; _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4.

[123] _Tonson_ v. _Walker_ (1753), 3 Swanst., 672.

[124] (1801), 1 East., 358; and see _Mason_ v. _Murray_ cited, 1 East, 360 (Gray's Poems).

[125] (1852), 1 Drew, 353.

[126] 1 Drew, at p. 365.

[127] (1787), Mor. Dic., 8310.

[128] (1870), 9 M., 341; and see _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369, at p. 373; _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418; _Moffat & Paige_ v. _Gill_ [1902], C. A., April 25.

[129] _Thomas_ v. _Turner_ (1886), 33 Ch. D., 292.

[130] (1841), 3 D., 383.

[131] 3 D., at p. 387.

[132] _Carnan_ v. _Bowles_ (1786), 2 Bro. C. C., 80, per L. C., at p. 83.

[133] (1870), 9 M., at p. 352.

[134] (1801), 5 Ves., 709.

[135] (1839), 3 Jur., 217.

[136] (1840), 11 Sim., 51.

[137] (1838), 3 My. and Cr., 711.

[138] (1855), 16 C. B., 459; see _Hodges_ v. _Welsh_ (1840), 2 Ir. Eq. R., 266.

[139] 16 C. B., Crowder, J., at p. 491.

[140] See _infra_, p. 240.

[141] [1900], A. C., 539.

[142] Ibid.

[143] [1900], A. C., at p. 545.

[144] [1900], A. C., 539.

[145] See p. 15.

[146] See pp. 37, 223.

[147] 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 65.

[148] [1900], A. C., 539.

[149] Ibid.

[150] See _infra_, p. 240.

[151] (1869), 20 L. T. (N. S.), 435.

[152] Such an article as this, a mere scheme or plan for arranging material, would not be protected under the law of patents; _in re Cooper_ (1902), 19 Pat. Des. and Trade Mark Cases, 53; _in re Johnson_ (1902), 19 Pat. Des. and Trade Mark Cases, 56.

[153] (1882), 47 L. T. (N. S.), 432.

[154] (1885), 52 L. T. (N. S.), 539.

[155] [1894], 3 Ch., 420; see American Law, p. 242, _infra_, where a similar article was protected. It has also been protected in Victoria, _Hanbury_ v. _Dumsday_ (1884), 10 Vic. L. R., Eq., 272.

[156] Lord Herschell, L. C. [1894], 3 Ch., 420, at p. 424.

[157] _Griffin_ v. _Kingston_ (1889), 17 Ont. Rep., 660; see _Church_ v. _Linton_ (1894), 25 Ont. Rep., 131, where some of the dicta in the above case were disapproved.

[158] [1900], 1 Ch., 122.

[159] _Chilton_ v. _Progress Printing and Publishing Co._ [1895], 2 Ch., 29.

[160] Lindley, L. J. [1895], 2 Ch., at p. 34.

[161] (1852), 5 De Gex and Smale, 267; see _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., 94; _Newton_ v. _Cowie_ (1827), 4 Bing., 234.

[162] See 21 Ch. D., 380.

[163] Parker, V. C., 5 De Gex and Smale, at p. 274.

[164] (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369; and see _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567; _Marshall_ v. _Petty_ (1900), 17 T. L. R., 501.

[165] At p. 377

[166] (1981), 64 L. T. (N. S.), 452.

[167] (1895), 43 W. R., 266; and see _Guggenheim_ v. _Leng_ (1896), 12 T. L. R., 491.

[168] _Strong_ v. _Worskett_ (1896), 12 T. L. R., 532; _Fisher_ v. _Folds_ (1834), 1 Jones, Ir. Ex., 12.

[169] (1896), 12 T. L. R., 532.

[170] _Beckford_ v. _Hood_ (1798), 7 T. R., 620.

[171] _Hollinrake_ v. _Truswell_ [1894], 3 Ch., at p. 427.

[172] _Bach_ v. _Longman_ (1777), 2 Camp., 623; _Clementi_ v. _Golding_ (1809), 2 Camp., 25; _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298; _D'Almaine_ v. _Boosey_ (1835), 1 Y. and C. Ex., 288; _Jeffreys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854). 4 H. L. C., 815.

[173] _Coleman_ v. _Wathen_ (1793), 5 T. R., 245; _Macklin_ v. _Richardson_ (1770), Amb., 694; _D'Almaine_ v. _Boosey_ (1835), 1 Y. and C. Ex., 288.

[174] _Caird_ v. _Sime_ (1887), 12 A. C., 326; _Abernethy_ v. _Hutchinson_ (1825), 3 L. J. (O. S.), Ch., 309. See p. 222, _infra_.

[175] _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374.

[176] See _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], H. C., 539.

[177] _Kenrick_ v. _Danube Collieries_ (1891), 39 W. R., 473; _Prince Albert_ v. _Strange_ (1849), 2 De G. and Sm., 652; _Jefferys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815; _Exchange Telegraph_ v. _Gregory_ [1896], 1 Q. B., 147; _Exchange Telegraph_ v. _Central News_ [1897], 2 Ch., 48; _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., at p. 2417; _Turner_ v. _Robinson_ (1860), 10 Ir. Ch. R., 121, 510.

[178] _Blanchett_ v. _Ingram_ (1887), 3 T. L. R., 687.

[179] (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298.

[180] (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267.

[181] _Turner_ v. _Robinson_ (1860), 10 Ir. Ch. R., 121, 510.

[182] _Clementi_ v. _Walker_ (1824), 2 Bar and Cres., 861.

[183] _Routledge_ v. _Low_ (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100; _Jeffreys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815; _Boosey_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 4 Ex., 145; _Chappell_ v. _Purday_ (1845), 14 M. and W., 303; _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860.

[184] 49 & 50 Vict. c. 33, sec. 8 (1).

[185] _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860; _Buxton_ v. _James_ (1851), 5 De G. and S., 80.

[186] _Reid_ v. _Maxwell_ (1886), 2 T. L. R., 790.

[187] _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182.

[188] _Buxton_ v. _James_ (1851), 5 De. G. and S., 80; as to author's nationality or residence, see p. 42.

[189] (1854), 4 H. L. C., at p. 983.

[190] (1824), 2 B. and C., 861, at p. 867.

[191] 7 & 8 Vict. c. 12, sec. 19.

[192] See p. 193.

[193] _Boucicault_ v. _Delafield_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 597; _Boucicault_ v. _Chatterton_ (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267.

[194] _Boucicault_ v. _Delafield_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 597; _Boucicault_ v. _Chatterton_ (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267; _Ex p. Dobson_ (1892), 12 N. Z. L. R., 171.

[195] _Boucicault_ v. _Chatterton_ (1876), 5 Ch. D., 267.

[196] (1849), 13 Q. B., 257.

[197] _D'Almaine_ v. _Boosey_ (1835), 1 Y. and C. Ex., 288; see Willes, J., in _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., at p. 2310; _Delondre_ v. _Shaw_ (1828), 2 Sim., 240.

[198] (1839), 10 Sim., 329.

[199] _Chappell_ v. _Purday_ (1845), 14 M. and W., 303; _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860; _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1849), 13 Q. B., 257; _Boosey_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 4 Ex., 145; _Ollendorff_ v. _Black_ (1850), 20 L. T., 165; _Boosey_ v. _Jefferys_ (1851), 6 Ex., 580; _Buxton_ v. _James_ (1851), 5 De G. and Sm., 80.

[200] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.

[201] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.

[202] (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100.

[203] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.

[204] Ibid.

[205] The Fine Arts Act, 1862, is expressly confined to the works of authors who are British subjects or resident within the Dominions of the Crown; 25 & 26 Vict. c. 68.

[206] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.

[207] Ibid.

[208] (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100.

[209] (1868), L. R., 6 Eq., 415.

[210] (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100.

[211] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.

[212] Art. 6, "Report Copyright Commission," 1878, p. lxix.

[213] Scrutton on "Copyright," 3rd ed., p. 121.

[214] Chamier on "Literary Copyright," p. 13.

[215] _Lawrence_ v. _Smith_ (1822), Jac., 471; _Murray_ v. _Benbow_ (1822), Jac., 474 _n._; _Cowan_ v. _Milbourn_ (1867), L. R., 2 Exch., 230; _Burnett_ v. _Chetwood_ (1720), 2 Mer., 441; see 9 Will. III. c. 35 (1698).

[216] _Stockdale_ v. _Onwhyn_ (1826), 5 B. and Cr., 173; _Dodson_ v. _Martin_ (1880), 24 Sol. J., 572.

[217] _Hime_ v. _Dale_ (1803), 2 Camp., 27 _n._; _Dr. Priestley's case_, cited 2 Mer., 437.

[218] _Hime_ v. _Dale_ (1803), 2 Camp., 27 _n._; _Walcot_ v. _Walker_ (1802), 7 Ves., 1.

[219] _Wright_ v. _Tallis_ (1845), 1 C. B., 893; _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_ (1803), 8 Ves., 215; _MacFarlane_ v. _Oak Foundry_ (1883), 10 R., 801; _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418; _Ward_ v. _Beeton_ (1874), L. R., 19 Eq., 207; _Metzler_ v. _Wood_ (1878), 8 Ch. D., 606; _Chappell_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 2 K. and J., 123.

[220] _Wright_ v. _Tallis_ (1845), 1 C. B., 893.

[221] _Cary_ v. _Faden_ (1799), 5 Ves., 24; _Reade_ v. _Conquest_ (1862), 11 C. B. (N. S.), at p. 492.

[222] _Baschet_ v. _London Illustrated_ [1900], 1 Ch., 73; _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418.

[223] See point suggested, 1 C. B., 902.

[224] _Baschet_ v. _London Illustrated_ [1900], 1 Ch., 73; _Newman_ v. _Pinto_ (1887), L. T. (N. S.), 31.

[225] _Dodson_ v. _Martin_ (1880), 24 Sol. J., 572.

[226] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 11, 13, 24.

[227] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 24.

[228] _Beckford_ v. _Hood_ (1798), 7 T. R., 620; _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., 94.

[229] _Low_ v. _Routledge_ (1864), L. R., 1 Ch., 42; _Stannard_ v. _Lee_ (1871), L. R., 6 Ch., 346; _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 444.

[230] _Russell_ v. _Smith_ (1848), 12 Q. B., 217; _Lacy_ v. _Rhys_ (1864), 4 B. and S., 873; _Marsh_ v. _Conquest_ (1864), 17 C. B. (N. S.), 418; _Clark_ v. _Bishop_ (1872), 25 L. T., 908.

[231] _Goubaud_ v. _Wallace_ (1877), 36 L. T. (N. S.), 704; _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.

[232] _Warne_ v. _Lawrence_ (1886), 34 W. R., 452.

[233] (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886.

[234] (1880), 49 L. J. Ch., 412.

[235] _Henderson_ v. _Maxwell_ (1877). 5 Ch. D., 892; _Dicks_ v. _Yates_ (1881), 18 Ch. D., 76.

[236] _Hogg_ v. _Maxwell_ (1866), L. R., 2 Ch., 307; _Correspondent_ v. _Saunders_ (1865), 11 Jur. (N. S.), 540; _Primrose Press_ v. _Knowles_ (1886), 2 T. L. R., 404.

[237] _Talbot_ v. _Judges_ (1887), 3 T. L. R., 398; _Schove_ v. _Schmincké_ (1886), 33 Ch. D., 546.

[238] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.

[239] _Walter_ v. _Howe_ (1881), 18 Ch. D., 708; _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; _Cate_ v. _Devon_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.

[240] _Cox_ v. _Land and Water_ (1869), L. R., 9 Eq., 324.

[241] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.

[242] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500; see also _Prowett_ v. _Mortimer_ (1856), 2 Jur. (N. S.), 414.

[243] _Chappell_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., 194. See 32 & 33 Vict. c. 24.

[244] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 11.

[245] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 13.

[246] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 19.

[247] (1889), 5 T. L. R., 594.

[248] _Per_ Coleridge, L. C. J., in _Harris_ v. _Smart_ (1889), 5 T. L. R., 594.

[249] (1887), 57 L. T. (N. S.), 864.

[250] _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B., (N. S.), 182; _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 7 C. B., 4; _Chappell_ v. _Sheard_ (1855), 2 K. and J., 117.

[251] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500

[252] 40 Ch. D., at p. 506.

[253] (1864), 10 L. T. (N. S.), 838.

[254] As to what is publication, see p. 38.

[255] _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1867), L. R., 3 Q. B., 223.

[256] _Mathieson_ v. _Harrod_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 270; _Collingridge_ v. _Emmott_ (1887), 57 L. T. (N. S.), 864; and see _Page_ v. _Wisden_ (1869), 20 L. T. (N. S.), 435; _Maxwell_ v. _Hogg_ (1867), L. R., 2 Ch., 307.

[257] _Thomas_ v. _Turner_ (1886), 33 Ch. D., 292.

[258] _Murray_ v. _Bogue_ (1852), 1 Drew, 353; _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418.

[259] _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.

[260] _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.

[261] _Henderson_ v. _Maxwell_ (1876), 4 Ch. D., 163.

[262] _Johnson_ v. _Newnes_ [1894], 3 Ch., 663.

[263] _Mayhew_ v. _Maxwell_ (1860), 1 J. and H., 312.

[264] _Dicks_ v. _Yates_ (1881), 18 Ch. D., 76; _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., at p. 434.

[265] Bacon, V. C., in _Coote_ v. _Judd_ (1883), 23 Ch. D., 727.

[266] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.

[267] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247; _Rock_ v. _Lazarus_ (1872), L. R., 15 Eq. 104; _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.

[268] _Nottage_ v. _Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627; 49 L. T. (N. S.), 339.

[269] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.

[270] _London Printing_ v. _Cox_ [1891], 3 Ch., 291.

[271] _Petty_ v. _Taylor_ [1897], 1 Ch., 465.

[272] _London Printing_ v. _Cox_ [1891], 3 Ch., _per_ Lindley, L. J., at pp. 301 and 302.

[273] _Liverpool General Brokers_ v. _Commercial Press_ [1897], 2 Q. B., 1; _Morang_ v. _Publishers_ (1900), 32 Ont. Rep., 393.

[274] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.

[275] _Low_ v. _Routledge_ (1864), 33 L. J. Ch., 717; 10 L. T. (N. S.), 838.

[276] _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182.

[277] _Cassell_ v. _Stiff_ (1856), 2 K. and J., 279.

[278] _Fairlie_ v. _Boosey_ (1879), 4 A. C., 711.

[279] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 11; _Hildesheimer & Faulkner_ v. _Dunn_ (1891), 64 L. T. (N.S.), 452.

[280] _Lucas_ v. _Cooke_ (1880), 13 Ch. D., 872.

[281] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 12.

[282] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 14.

[283] _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886; 48 L. J. Ch., 673.

[284] _In re The Young Duchess_ (1891), 8 T. L. R., 41.

[285] _Ex parte Poulton_ (1884), 53 L. J., Q. B., 320; _in re Hall_ (1899), 24 Vict. L. R., 702.

[286] _Ex parte Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., 296; see _in re Martin_ (1884), 10 Vict. L. R., Law., 196.

[287] Blackburn, J., _Graves'_ case, 10 B. and S., at p. 688.

[288] _Ex parte Bastow_ (1854), 14 C. B., 631.

[289] _Ex parte Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., 296; _Chappell_ v. _Purday_ (1843), 12 M. and W., 303.

[290] _Graves'_ case (1869), 4 Q. B., 715.

[291] _Graves'_ case (1869), 4 Q. B., 715.

[292] _Chappell_ v. _Purday_ (1843), 12 M. and W., 303; _ex parte Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., at p. 309.

[293] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 10.

[294] Ibid.

[295] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 6.

[296] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 7.

[297] Ibid.

[298] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 8.

[299] (1828), 4 Bing.. 540.

[300] Cf. _Cambridge University_ v. _Bryce_ (1812), 16 East., 317; _Routledge_ v. _Low_ (1868), L. R., 3 H. L., 100.

[301] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 3.

[302] Ibid.

[303] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 3, 18.

[304] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 3, 18.

[305] See _supra_, p. 26.

[306] See _Nottage_ v. _Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627.

[307] _Caird_ v. _Sime_ (1887), 12 A. C., 326; _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374; _Abernethy_ v. _Hutchinson_ (1825), 3 L. J. Ch., 209.

[308] 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 65, sec. 5.

[309] _Caird_ v. _Sime_ (1887), 12 A. C., 326.

[310] See _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., 2303, and cases there cited.

[311] _Baskett_ v. _University of Cambridge_ (1758), 2 Burr. 661; _Baskett_ v. _Cunningham_ (1762), Black. Rep., 370.

[312] See _Grierson_ v. _Jackson_ (1794), Ridg. Ir., T. R., 304; _Nicol_ v. _Stockdale_ (1785), 3 Swanst., 687.

[313] _Universities_ v. _Richardson_ (1802), 6 Ves., 689; _Manners_ v. _Blair_ (1828), 3 Bligh (N. S.), 391; _Grierson_ v. _Jackson_ (1794), Ridg. Ir., T. R., 304.

[314] _Universities_ v. _Richardson_ (1802), 6 Ves., 689; _Eyre_ v. _Carnan_ (1781), 6 Bac. Abr., 509; _Manners_ v. _Blair_ (1828), 3 Bligh (N. S.), 391.

[315] _Baskett_ v. _Cunningham_ (1762), Black. Rep., 370.

[316] See Appendix.

[317] 15 Geo. III. c. 53; 41 Geo. III. c. 107, extending the privilege to Dublin; 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 27.

[318] (1774), 2 Bro. P. C., 129.

[319] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 3.

[320] This reservation is made necessary by the decision in _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539, that the author is not necessarily the composer of the literary matter; see _infra_, p. 65.

[321] (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718; see also _Nottage_ v. _Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627; _Stannard_ v. _Harrison_ (1871), 24 L. T. (N. S.), 570.

[322] (1824), 2 L. J. Ch., 90, at p. 102; and see _Maclean_ v. _Moody_ (1858), 20 D., 1154.

[323] (1859), 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268.

[324] 7 C. B. (N. S.), at p. 280.

[325] (1867), 16 L. T. (N. S.), 453.

[326] (1859), 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268.

[327] (1859) 7 C. B. (N. S.), 268. The decision in this case was no doubt right, but it should have been on the ground that the plaintiff was the employer or assignee of the defendant and not that he was the author.

[328] See _Petty_ v. _Taylor_ [1897], 1 Ch., 465; Kekewich, J., at p. 475.

[329] _Shepherd_ v. _Conquest_ (1856), 17 C. B., 427; _Nottage_ v. _Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627.

[330] (1856), 17 C. B., 427.

[331] On the facts of this case the work of the servant ought to have become vested in the employer.

[332] (1871), L. R., 6 C. P., 523; and see _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_ (1896), 74 L. T. (N. S.), 77.

[333] (1874), L. R., 9 Ch., 518; and see Bowen, L. J., in _Nottage_ v. _Jackson_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 627.

[334] _Powell_ v. _Head_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 686; _Lauri_ v. _Renad_ (1892), 3 Ch., 402.

[335] Ibid.

[336] [1900], A. C., 539.

[337] Ibid.

[338] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 18.

[339] Chitty, J., in _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., at p. 430.

[340] And in one case it was even doubted whether it applied to newspapers, _Platt_ v. _Walter_ (1867), 17 L. T. (N. S.), 157.

[341] _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1893], 1 Ch., 218; _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.

[342] (1856), 17 C. B., 427

[343] _Brown_ v. _Cooke_ (1846), 16 L. J. Ch., 140.

[344] As to whether a written assignment of the copyright from the author would be necessary in such a case, see _infra_, at p. 74.

[345] (1895), 11 T. L. R., 507.

[346] _Brown_ v. _Cooke_ (1846), 16 L. J. Ch., 140.

[347] (1855), 16 C. B.,459.

[348] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; and see _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Jackson_ (1887), 4 T. L. R., 130.

[349] [1893], 1 Ch., 218; and see _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., 369.

[350] (1855), 16 C. B., at p. 484.

[351] (1881), 17 Ch. D., 708; and see _Bishop of Hereford_ v. _Griffin_ (1848), 16 Sim., 190.

[352] [1894], 3 Ch., 663.

[353] And see _Coote_ v. _Judd_ (1883), 23 Ch. D., 727.

[354] [1902], 1 Ch., 264.

[355] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.

[356] Chitty, J., 40 Ch. D., at p. 431.

[357] _Brown_ v. _Cooke_ (1846), 16 L. J. Ch., 140; _Richardson_ v. _Gilbert_ (1851), 1 Sim. (N. S.), 336; _Collingridge_ v. _Emmott_ (1888), 57 L. T. (N. S.), 864; _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Jackson_ (1887), 4 T. L. R., 130.

[358] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., at p. 430.

[359] See cases cited, p. 79, footnote 4.

[360] See Chitty, J., _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., at p. 430.

[361] See _Johnson_ v. _Newnes_ [1894], 3 Ch., 663.

[362] _Mayhew_ v. _Maxwell_ (1860), 1 J. and H., 312.

[363] _Smith_ v. _Johnson_ (1863), 4 Giff., 632.

[364] _Mayhew_ v. _Maxwell_ (1860), 1 J. and H., 312.

[365] Ibid.

[366] _Hereford_ v. _Griffin_ (1848), 16 Sim., 190.

[367] (1855), 16 C. B., 459.

[368] (1891), 64 L. T., 452.

[369] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45.

[370] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 15.

[371] See p. 77, _infra_.

[372] (1824), 2 B. and Cr., 861; see _Cary_ v. _Kearsley_ (1802), 4 Esp., 168; _Storace_ v. _Longman_ (1788), 2 Camp., 26 _n._

[373] (1814), 3 M. and S., 7.

[374] (1838), 9 Sim., 151.

[375] (1839), 8 L. J. Ch., 216; see _Hodges_ v. _Welsh_ (1840), 2 Ir. Eq. R., 266.

[376] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815; see _M'Lean_ v. _Moody_ (1858), 20 D., 1154; _Jefferys_ v. _Kyle_ (1856), 18 D., 906; _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860.

[377] 4 H. L. C., at p. 880.

[378] 4 H. L. C., at p. 907.

[379] _Hazlitt_ v. _Templeman_ (1866), 13 L. T. (N. S.), 593; _Grace_ v. _Newman_ (1875), L. R., 19 Eq., 623; _Cox_ v. _Cox_ (1853), 11 Hare, 118.

[380] See _Frowde_ v. _Parish_ (1896), 27 Ont Rep., 526; _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.

[381] See p. 128.

[382] See _Shepherd_ v. _Conquest_ (1856), 17 C. B., 427; _Eaton_ v. _Lake_ (1888), 20 Q. B. D., 378.

[383] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 15; _Leyland_ v. _Stewart_ (1876), 4 Ch. D., 419; _Power_ v. _Walker_ (1814), 3 M. and S., 7; _Davidson_ v. _Bohn_ (1848), 6 C. B., 456; _Clementi_ v. _Walker_ (1824), 2 Bar. and Cres., 861; _Jefferys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815; [See the judgment of Lord St. Leonards at p. 944; but note also that Coleridge, J., at p. 906, expressed his disapproval of the reasoning in _Power_ v. _Walker_ and _Davidson_ v. _Bohn_]; _Kyle_ v. _Jefferys_ (1859), 3 Macq., 611, 617, 18 D., 906; _Cumberland_ v. _Copeland_ (1862), 1 H. and C., 194; _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860; see Drone on "Copyright," pp. 304-316, where the soundness of the case law that assignment must be in writing is doubted.

[384] _Kyle_ v. _Jefferys_ (1859), 3 Macq., 611; _Jefferys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.

[385] _Morton_ v. _Copeland_ (1855), 16 C. B., 517.

[386] _Liverpool General Brokers_ v. _Commercial Press_ [1897], 2 Q. B., 1; see _contra_ opinion of Lord Cockburn in _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1867), 7 B. and S., at p. 897; _Morang_ v. _Publishers_ (1900), 32 Ont. Rep., 393.

[387] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 13.

[388] _Stevens_ v. _Wildy_ (1850), 19 L. J. Ch., 190.

[389] Ibid.

[390] _Liverpool General Brokers_ v. _Commercial Press_ [1897], 2 Q. B., 1.

[391] _Levy_ v. _Rutley_ (1871), L. R., 6 C. P., 523; _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4; _Colburn_ v. _Duncombe_ (1838), 9 Sim., 151; _London Printing and Publishing Co_. v. _Cox_ [1891], 3 Ch., 291.

[392] _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4.

[393] _Lacy_ v. _Toole_ (1867), 15 L. T. (N. S.), 512.

[394] _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_ (1895), 74 L. T. (N. S.), 77; _Lover_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 1 C. B. (N. S.), 182; _Latour_ v. _Bland_ (1818), 2 Stark, 382; _Levy_ v. _Rutley_ (1871), L. R., 6 C. P., 523; _Colburn_ v. _Duncombe_ (1838), 9 Sim., 151; but see _Kyle_ v. _Jefferys_ (1859), 3 Macq., 611, 18 D., 911.

[395] _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567; _Marshall_ v. _Petty_ (1900), 17 T. L. R., 501.

[396] _Morris_ v. _Kelly_ (1820), 1 Jac. and W., 481.

[397] _Dennison_ v. _Ashdown_ (1897), 13 T. L. R., 226.

[398] _Sweet_ v. _Cater_ (1841), 11 Sim., 572; _Sweet_ v. _Shaw_ (1839), 8 L. J. Ch., 216; _Sims_ v. _Marryat_ (1851), 17 Q. B., 281; _Strahan_ v. _Graham_ (1867), 16 L. T. (N. S.), 87; _Thombleson_ v. _Black_ (1837), 1 Jur., 198.

[399] _Dupuy_ v. _Dilkes_ (1879), 48 L. J. Ch., 682; _Chappell_ v. _Purday_ (1843), 12 M. and W., 303.

[400] _Taylor_ v. _Pillow_ (1869), L. R., 7 Eq., 418; _Howitt_ v. _Hall_ (1862), 6 L. T. (N. S.), 348.

[401] _Sims_ v. _Marryat_ (1851), 17 Q. B., 281; _Queensberry_ v. _Shebbeare_ (1758), 2 Eden Cha. Cas., 330; Williams' "Law of Personal Property," 15th edition, p. 523.

[402] _Powell_ v. _Head_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 686.

[403] _Lauri_ v. _Renad_ [1892], 3 Ch., 402.

[404] _Powell_ v. _Head_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 686.

[405] (1854), 4 H. L. C., at p. 940; and see _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860.

[406] (1854), 4 H. L. C., 815.

[407] _Taylor_ v. _Neville_ (1878), 26 W. R., 299; _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_ (1895), 74 L. T. (N. S.), 77; see doubt expressed in _Shepherd_ v. _Conquest_ (1856), 17 C. B., at p. 436.

[408] _Lucas_ v. _Cooke_ (1880), 13 Ch. D., 872.

[409] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 13.

[410] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 434, 435.

[411] _Holt_ v. _Woods_ (1896), 17 N. S. W. R., Eq., 36.

[412] See _ex parte Dobson_ (1892), 12 N. Z. L. R., 171.

[413] See _contra Howitt_ v. _Hall_ (1862), 6 L. T. (N. S.), 348; _Sweet_ v. _Cater_ (1840), 11 Sim., 572; _Davidson_ v. _Bohn_ (1848), 6 C. B., 458.

[414] _Rippon_ v. _Norton_(1839), 2 Beav., 63.

[415] _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ [1879], 12 Ch. D., 886; _Stevens_ v. _Bradbury_ [1854], 1 K. and J., 168; _Reade_ v. _Bentley_(1857), 3 K. and J., 271; _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567; _ex parte Bastow_ [1854], 14 C. B., 631.

[416] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425, _per_ Cotton, L. J.; _Tuck and Sons_ v. _Canton_ (1882), 51 L. J., Q. B., 363; _Sweet_ v. _Cater_ (1841), 11 Sim., 572.

[417] _Taylor_ v. _Neville_ (1878), 26 W. R., 299; _Tree_ v. _Bowkett_ (1895), 74 L. T., 77.

[418] (1878), 26 W. R., 297.

[419] _Warne_ v. _Routledge_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 497; see _Sweet_ v. _Cater_ (1841), 11 Sim., 572; _Stevens_ v. _Benning_ (1855), 1 K. and J., 168.

[420] _Latour_ v. _Bland_ (1818), 2 Stark, 382.

[421] _Willis_ v. _Curtois_ (1838), 1 Beav., 189.

[422] See _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., at p. 392.

[423] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 15 and 2.

[424] See _Butterworth_ v. _Kelly_ (1888), 4 T. L. R., 430; _Leader_ v. _Strange_ (1849), 2 Car. and K., 1010.

[425] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, secs. 15 and 23. The remedies given by these two sections are cumulative, and may be recovered by one action; _Muddock_ v. _Blackwood_ [1898], 1 Ch., 58.

[426] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 17; 39 and 40 Vict. c. 36, sec. 42.

[427] Ignorance will not excuse in the case of importing, but contra in the case of selling or hiring, _Cooper_ v. _Whittingham_ (1880), 15 Ch. D., 501.

[428] _Cooper_ v. _Whittingham_ (1880). 15 Ch. D., 501.

[429] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 17; and see 39 & 40 Vict. c. 36, sec. 42.

[430] £5 to the use of the officer of customs, remainder to the use of the proprietor of copyright.

[431] Ibid.

[432] _Cooper v. Whittingham_ (1880), 15 Ch. D., 501.

[433] [1901], 1 Ch., 374.

[434] Cf. _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543.

[435] [1901], 1 Ch., 374.

[436] _Novella_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177; and see _Beckford_ v. _Hood_ (1798), 7 T. R., 620; _Cambridge University_ v. _Bryer_ (1812), 16 East, at p. 322.

[437] _Muddock_ v. _Blackwood_ [1898], 1 Ch., 58; _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_ (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251, at pp. 255 and 260.

[438] _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_ (1803), 8 Ves., 215, at p. 223; _Grimson_ v. _Eyre_ (1804), 9 Ves., 341, at p. 346; _Kelly_ v. _Hooper_ (1841), 1 Y. and C., 197, at p. 199; _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543.

[439] _Delfe_ v. _Delamotte_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 581; but see _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_ (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251.

[440] _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 R. and M., 73; _Price's Patent Candles_ v. _Bauwen_ (1858), 4 K. and J., 727; _Delondre_ v. _Shaw_ (1828), 2 Sim., 240; _Sweet_ v. _Maughan_ (1840), 11 Sim., 51.

[441] Eldon, L. C., in _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., at p. 400.

[442] _Cooper_ v. _Whittingham_ (1880), 15 Ch. D., 501.

[443] _M'Neill_ v. _Williams_ (1847), 11 Jur., 344; _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_ (1803), 8 Ves., 215.

[444] Hall, V. C., in _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_ (1882), 21 Ch. D., at p. 372.

[445] _Chappell_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 8 De G. M. and G., 1.

[446] _Novella_ v. _James_ (1854), 24 L. J. Ch., 111.

[447] _Southey_ v. _Sherwood_ (1817), 2 Mer., 435; _Platt_ v. _Button_ (1815), 19 Ves., 447; _Saunders_ v. _Smith_ (1838), 3 My. and C., 711; _Lewis_ v. _Chapman_ (1840), 3 Beav., 133; _Assignees of Robinson_ v. _Wilkins_ (1805), 8 Ves., 224, n; _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 Russ. and My., 73; _Rundell_ v. _Murray_ (1821), Jac., 311; and see _Buxton_ v. _James_ (1851), 5 De G. and Sm., 80.

[448] _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.

[449] _Per_ Gifford, V. C., L. R., 7 Eq., at p. 39.

[450] _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 444.

[451] _Per_ Turner, L. J., in _Johnson_ v. _Wyatt_ (1863), 2 De G., J. and S., at p. 25.

[452] _Lewis_ v. _Fullarton_ (1839), 2 Beav., 6; _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697; _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., 385.

[453] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708; _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1892], 3 Ch., 462.

[454] [1892], 3 Ch., 462.

[455] _Campbell_ v. _Scott_ (1842), 11 Sim., 31; _Tinsley_ v. _Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747.

[456] _Borthwick_ v. _Evening Post_ (1888), 37 Ch. D., 449.

[457] 37 Ch. D., at p. 462.

[458] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.

[459] 40 Ch. D., at p. 507; and see _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425.

[460] _Bradbury_ v. _Sharp_ (1891), W. N., 143.

[461] _Cox_ v. _Land and Water_ (1869), L. R., 9 Eq., 324; _Southern_ v. _Bailes_ (1829), 38 S. J., 681.

[462] _Cox_ v. _Land and Water_ (1869), L. R., 9 Eq., 324; _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 R. and M., 73.

[463] _Lewis_ v. _Fullarton_ (1839), 2 Beav., 6, Langdale, M. R., at p. 11.

[464] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 23. To be safe the demand in writing should be made before the writ is issued.

[465] 8 Anne c. 19, sec. 1; 54 Geo. III. c. 156, sec. 4.

[466] _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543.

[467] _Prince Albert_ v. _Strange_ (1849), 2 De G. and Sm., 652; _Kelly_ v. _Hodge_(1873), 29 L. T. (N. S.), 387; _Emperor of Austria_ v. _Day_ (1861), 3 D. F. and J., 217.

[468] _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886; but see _Delfe_ v. _Delamotte_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 581; _Stannard_ v. _Harrison_ (1871), 19 W. R., 811.

[469] _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886; cf. _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543.

[470] _Isaacs_ v. _Fiddemann_ (1880), 49 L. J. Ch., 412.

[471] _Rooney_ v. _Kelly_ (1861), 14 Ir. C. L. R., _per_ O'Brien, J., at p. 171.

[472] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73.

[473] Ibid.

[474] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., at p. 83.

[475] _Colburn_ v. _Simms_ (1843), 2 Hare, 543; _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_( 1879), 12 Ch. D., 886.

[476] 39 & 40 Vict. c. 36, sec. 42.

[477] 39 & 40 Vict. c. 36, sec. 44.

[478] _Brooke_ v. _Milliken_ (1789), 3 T. R., 509.

[479] _Ex parte Beal_ (1868), L. R., 3 Q. B., 387.

[480] _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 444; see _Macmillan_ v. _Suresh Chunder Deb_ (1850), Ind. L. R., 17 Calc., 951.

[481] (1846), 9 D., 1026; and see _Clark_ v. _Bell_ (1804), Mor. Dic., Literary Property, App., 9.

[482] (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247, at p. 262.

[483] 56 & 57 Vict. c. 61; _Muddock_ v. _Blackwood_ [1898], 1 Ch., at p. 64.

[484] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 16; _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886.

[485] _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1846), 4 Dow. and Low, at p. 155.

[486] _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842; _Boosey_ v. _Purday_ (1846), 10 Jur., 1038; _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1846), 4 D. and L., 147; _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1849), 7 C. B., 4; _Barnett_ v. _Glossop_ (1835), 1 Bing. N. C., 633; 1 Scott's Rep., 621.

[487] _Chappell_ v. _Davidson_ (1856), 18 C. B., 194.

[488] _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842.

[489] _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1846), 4 D. and L., 147; _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886.

[490] Ibid.

[491] _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842.

[492] _Sweet_ v. _Benning_ (1855), 16 C. B., 459; _Cocks_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 5 C. B., 860.

[493] _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418.

[494] _Coote_ v. _Judd_ (1883), 23 Ch. D., 736; _Hole_ v. _Bradbury_ (1879), 12 Ch. D., 886; _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842; but see _Leader_ v. _Purday_ (1848), 6 Dow. and Low, 408.

[495] _Collette_ v. _Goode_ (1878), 7 Ch. D., 842.

[496] Ibid.

[497] _Hayward_ v. _Lely_ (1887), 56 L. T. (N. S.), 418.

[498] _Harris_ v. _Smart_ (1889), W. N., 92, 5 T. L. R. 594.

[499] But see _Sweet_ v. _Maughan_ (1840), 11 Sim., 51.

[500] Eldon, L. C., in _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., at p. 394.

[501] _Hotten_ v. _Arthur_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 603; _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.

[502] Ibid.

[503] _Boosey_ v. _Davidson_ (1849), 13 Q. B., 257.

[504] _Wright_ v. _Goodlake_ (1865), 3 H. and C., 540.

[505] _Kelly_ v. _Wyman_ (1869), 17 W. R. 399; _Stevens_ v. _Brett_ (1864), 10 L. T. (N. S.), 231.

[506] _Coote_ v. _Ingram_ (1887), 35 Ch. D., 117.

[507] _Maxwell_ v. _Somerton_ (1874), 22 W. R., 313.

[508] _Walter_ v. _Steinkopff_ [1892], 3 Ch., 189.

[509] _Wall_ v. _Taylor_ (1883), 11 Q. B. D., 102.

[510] _Dicks_ v. _Brooks_ (1880), 15 Ch. D., 22.

[511] _Metzler_ v. _Wood_ (1878), 8 Ch. D., 606.

[512] Lord Romilly, M. R., in _Cobbett_ v. _Woodward_ (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., at p. 414; Hall, V. C., in _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_, 21 Ch. D., at p. 373.

[513] _Piddington_ v. _Philip_ (1893), 14 N. S. W. R., Eq., 159.

[514] _Kelly's Directories_ v. _Gavin & Lloyds_ [1901], 1 Ch., 374; affirmed in the Court of Appeal.

[515] _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_ (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251; _Cobbett_ v. _Woodward_ (1872), L. R., 14 Eq., 407.

[516] _Liverpool General Brokers_ v. _Commercial Press_ [1897], 2 Q. B., 1.

[517] _Page_ v. _Wisden_ (1869), 20 L. T., 435.

[518] James, L. J., in _Dicks_ v. _Yates_ (1881), 18 Ch. D., 76.

[519] Jessel, M. R., in _Maple_ v. _Junior Army and Navy Stores_, 21 Ch. D., at p. 378.

[520] Lord Ellenborough in _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., at p. 97.

[521] _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177.

[522] _White_ v. _Geroch_ (1819), 2 B. and Ald., 298; Lindley, M. R., in _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1900], 1 Ch., at p. 123.

[523] _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177.

[524] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73.

[525] See Lindley, M. R., in _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1900], 1 Ch., at p. 123.

[526] _Bach_ v. _Longman_(1777), 2 Cowp., 623; _D'Almaine_ v. _Boosey_(1835), 1 Y. and C., Ex., 288.

[527] _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ [1884], 26 Ch. D., 374.

[528] _Boosey_ v. _Whight_ [1900], 1 Ch., 122.

[529] Lord O'Hagan in _Chatterton_ v. _Cave_ (1878), 3 A. C., at p. 498.

[530] (1855), 16 C. B., at p. 481.

[531] (1875), L. R., 10 C. P., at p. 575.

[532] See also _Bohn_ v. _Bogue_ (1846), 10 Jur., 420; _Jarrold_ v. _Heywood_ (1870), 18 W. R., 279; _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 R. and M., 73.

[533] (1878). 3 A. C., 483.

[534] (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251.

[535] _Leslie_ v. _Young_ [1894], A. C., at p. 342.

[536] _Cary_ v. _Kearsley_ (1802), 4 Esp., 168; _Lennie_ v. _Pillans_ (1843), 5 D., 416; _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567.

[537] _Per_ Page Wood, V. C., in _Tinsley_ v. _Lacey_ (1863), 1 H. and M., at p. 752.

[538] _Per_ L. C. Herschell in _Leslie_ v. _Young_ [1894], A. C., at p. 341.

[539] See _Murray_ v. _Bogue_(1852), 1 Drew, at p. 369.

[540] _Per_ Cottenham, L. C., in _Bramwell_ v. _Halcomb_ (1836), 3 My. and Cr., at p. 738; see _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.

[541] _Bradbury_ v. _Hotten_ (1872), L. R., 8 Ex., 1; see also _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567.

[542] (1826), 2 Russ., at p. 394.

[543] (1897), 13 T. L. R., 209; and see _Kelly_ v. _Hooper_ (1841), 1 Y. and C. Ch. C., 197; _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567.

[544] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; _Cate_ v. _Devon_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.

[545] _Trade Auxiliary_ v. _Middlesborough_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 425; _Cate_ v. _Devon_ (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500.

[546] 40 Ch. D., at p. 507.

[547] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.

[548] (1802), 4 Esp., 168.

[549] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.

[550] _Per_ Lord Ellenborough in _Cary_ v. _Kearsley_ (1802), 4 Esp., at p. 170.

[551] _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., 97.

[552] _Per_ Shadwell, V. C., in _Campbell_ v. _Scott_ (1842), 11 Sim., 31; _Clement_ v. _Maddick_ (1859), 1 Giff., 98; _Reade_ v. _Lacy_ (1861), 1 J. and H., 524; _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3 Eq.,718.

[553] (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.

[554] (1802), 4 Esp., 168.

[555] See also _Bohn_ v. _Bogue_ (1846), 10 Jur., 420.

[556] _Per_ Sir W. Page Wood, V. C., in _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718, at p. 723; and see _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.

[557] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708; _Reade_ v. _Lacey_ (1861), 1 J. and H., 524; _Spiers_ v. _Brown_ (1858), 31 L. T. (O. S.), 18; 6 W. R., 352.

[558] (1847), 9 D., 748.

[559] _Hotten_ v. _Arthur_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 603.

[560] _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177.

[561] _Ager_ v. _The P. & O._ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 637; and see _Oxford and Cambridge_ v. _Gill_ (1899), 43 S. J., 570.

[562] _Murray_ v. _Bogue_ (1852), 1 Drew, 353.

[563] _Reade_ v. _Lacey_ (1861), 1 J. and H., 524; _Reade_ v. _Conquest_ (1862), 11 C. B. (N. S.), 479.

[564] (1889), 40 Ch. D., 500; _Cooper_ v. _Whittingham_ (1880), 15 Ch. D., 501.

[565] See Lord Blackburn in _Chatterton_ v. _Cave_, 3 A. C., at p. 501; _Novello_ v. _Sudlow_ (1852), 12 C. B., 177; _Rock_ v. _Lazarus_ (1872), L. R. 15 Eq., 104; _Lee_ v. _Simpson_ (1847), 3 C. B., 871.

[566] _Maxwell_ v. _Somerton_ (1874), 22 W. R., 313.

[567] _Wyatt_ v. _Barnard_ (1814), 3 V. and B., 77.

[568] [1892], 3 Ch., 489.

[569] [1892], 3 Ch., 489, _per_ North, J., at p. 499.

[570] This summary of "fair use" is taken from Stephen's Digest "Report of Copyright Commission," 1878, p. lxx.

[571] _Sayre_ v. _Moore_ (1785), 1 East., 361, _n._; _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_ (1803), 8 Ves., 215; _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves., 270; _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., 385; _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_ (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251; _Alexander_ v. _Mackenzie_ (1847), 9 D., 748 at p. 761; _Longman_ v. _Winchester_ (1809), 16 Ves., 269; _Wilkins_ v. _Aikin_ (1810), 17 Ves., 422; _Weekes_ v. _Williamson_ (1886), 12 Vict., L. R., 483.

[572] Lindley, L. J., _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 224.

[573] _Hogg_ v. _Kirby_ (1803), 8 Ves., 215.

[574] _Per_ Lord Chancellor Erskine in _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 12 Ves., at p. 273.

[575] _Wilson_ v. _Lake_ (1875), 1 Vict. L. R., Eq., 127.

[576] Lindley., L. J., in _Hollinrake_ v. _Truswell_ [1894], 3 Ch., at p. 427.

[577] _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.

[578] _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34; _Lennie_ v. _Pillans_ (1843), 5 D., 416; _Mawman_ v. _Tegg_ (1826), 2 Russ., 385; Lindley, L. J., in _Lamb_ v. _Evans_ [1893], 1 Ch., at p. 224.

[579] _Pike_ v. _Nicholas_ (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251, at p. 260.

[580] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.

[581] (1809), 16 Ves., 269; and see _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 1 J. and H., 312; _Baily_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 Russ. and Mylne, 73; _Wilkins_ v. _Aikin_ (1810), 17 Ves., at p. 424.

[582] (1839), 2 Beav., 6., at p. 8.

[583] And see _Garland_ v. _Gemmill_ (1887), 14 S. C. R. (Canada), 321.

[584] _Jarrold v. Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708.

[585] 3 K. and J., at p. 715.

[586] 1 H. and M., 603.

[587] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.

[588] See _Hogg_ v. _Scott_ (1874), L. R., 18 Eq., 444.

[589] (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.

[590] (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.

[591] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.

[592] (1839), 2 Beav., 6.

[593] See _Garland_ v. _Gemmill_ (1887), 14 S. C. R. (Canada), 321.

[594] _Morris_ v. _Ashbee_ (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34, _per_ Giffard, V. C., at pp. 40, 41.

[595] (1870), L. R., 5 Ch., 279.

[596] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.

[597] (1868), L. R., 7 Eq., 34.

[598] (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697.

[599] _Per_ Giffard, L. J., L. R., 5 Ch., at p. 285.

[600] (1869), L. R., 5 Ch., 251.

[601] Hatherley, L. C., L. R., 5 Ch., at p. 263; and see _Longman_ v. _Winchester_(1809), 16 Ves., at p. 271; _Moffat & Paige_ v. _Gill_ (1902), C. A., April 25.

[602] _Per_ Giffard, L. J., L. R., 5 Ch., at p. 268.

[603] _Matthewson_ v. _Stockdale_ (1806), 1 J. and H., 312; _Walter_ v. _Lane_ [1900], A. C., 539; _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697; _Morris_ v. _Wright_ (1870), L. R., 5 Ch., 279; _Batty_ v. _Taylor_ (1829), 1 Russ. and Mylne, 73.

[604] _Wilkins_ v. _Aikin_ (1810), 17 Ves., 422.

[605] (1872), L. R., 8 Ex., 1.

[606] _Per_ Kelly, C. B., L. R. 8 Ex., 1, at p. 5.

[607] (1872), L. R., 8 Ex., 1.

[608] (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374.

[609] _Roworth_ v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., 94; _Murray_ v. _MacFarquhar_ (1785), M., 8309.

[610] _Sweet_ v. _Shaw_ (1839), 3 Jur., 217.

[611] _Hodges_ v. _Welsh_ (1840), 2 Ir. Eq. Rep., 266.

[612] _Sweet_ v. _Shaw_ (1839), 3 Jur., 217.

[613] (1855), 16 C. B., 459.

[614] (1838), 3 Myl. and Cr., 711.

[615] (1840), 2 Ir. Eq. R., 266.

[616] (1826), 2 Russ., 385, at p. 393; see Lord Kinloch in _Black_ v. _Murray_ (1870), 9 M., at p. 356.

[617] _Whittingham_ v. _Wooler_ (1817), 2 Swanst, 428; _Wilkins_ v. _Aikin_ (1810), 17 Ves., 422.

[618] _Bell_ v. _Whitehead_(1839), 8 L. J. Ch., 141.

[619] _Per_ Lord Ellenborough in _Roworth_. v. _Wilkes_ (1807), 1 Camp., 94, at p. 97.

[620] (1842), 11 Sim., 31.

[621] (1874), 31 L. T. (N. S.), 775.

[622] (1785), 1 East., 361, _n._

[623] (1802), 4 Esp., 168; and see _Carnan_ v. _Bowles_ (1786), 1 Cox, Eq. Cas., 283.

[624] (1833), 6 Sim., 297.

[625] (1835), 1 Y. and C. Ex., 288.

[626] _Wood_ v. _Boosey_ (1868), L. R., 3 Q. B., 223, 9 B. and S., 175.

[627] _Warne_ v. _Seebohm_ (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73; _Oxford and Cambridge_ v. _Gill_ (1899), 43, S. J., 570; _Jarrold_ v. _Houlston_ (1857), 3 K. and J., 708; _Kelly_ v. _Morris_ (1866), L. R., 1 Eq., 697; _Scott_ v. _Stanford_ (1867), L. R., 3 Eq., 718.

[628] _Leslie_ v. _Young_ [1894], A. C., Lord Herschell, at p. 341.

[629] See p. 97, _supra_.

[630] _Tinsley_ v. _Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747; _Murray_ v. _Elliston_ (1822), 5 B. and Ald., 657; _Reade_ v. _Conquest_ (1861), 9 C. B. (N. S.), 755; _Toole_ v. _Young_ (1874), L. R., 9 Q. B., 523.

[631] _Tinsley_ v._Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747.

[632] (1888), 39 Ch. D., 73.

[633] _Tinsley_ v. _Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747.

[634] See Stephen's "Digest," Art. 9 ("Report Copyright Commission," 1878, p. lxx.).

[635] _Gyles_ v. _Wilcox_ (1740), 2 Atk., 142.

[636] Ibid.

[637] _Tonson_ v. _Walker_ (1752), 3 Swans., 672, at p. 681; _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., Willes, J., at p. 2311; _Bell_ v. _Walker_ (1785), 1 Bro. Ch. C., 450; _Murray_ v. _Elliston_ (1822), 1 Dow and Ry., 299; _Butterworth_ v. _Robinson_ (1801), 5 Ves., 709.

[638] (1761), Amb., 402; and see _Anonymous Case_ (1774), Lofft., 775.

[639] (1835), 1 Y. and C., Ex., 288.

[640] _Per_ Lord Lyndhurst, L. C. B., at p. 301.

[641] (1761), Amb., 402.

[642] _Dickens_ v. _Lee_ (1844), 8 Jur., 183, at p. 184.

[643] _Tinsley_ v. _Lacy_ (1863), 1 H. and M., 747, at p. 754; and see the observations of the same judge in _Spiers_ v. _Brown_ (1858), 6 W. R., 352.

[644] _Munshi_ v. _Mirza_ (1890), Ind. L. R., 14 Bomb., 586; _Macmillan_ v. _Shamsal_ (1894), Ind. L. R., 19 Bomb., 557.

[645] (1720), 2 Meriv., at p. 441.

[646] (1769), 4 Burr., Yates J., at p. 2348.

[647] (1849), 2 De G. and M., at p. 693.

[648] (1814), 3 V. and B., 77.

[649] (1852), 1 Drew, 353.

[650] _Nicols_ v. _Pitman_ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 374.

[651] 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, sec. 15.

[652] _Morton_ v. _Copeland_ (1855), 16 C. B., 517.

[653] _London Printing_ v. _Cox_ [1891], 3 Ch., 291.

[654] _Morton_ v. _Copeland_ (1855), 16 C. B., 517.

[655] Ibid.

[656] _Cooper_ v. _Stephens_ [1895], 1 Ch., 567; _Allen_ v. _Lyon_(1884), 5 Out. Rep., 615; but see _Eaton_ v. _Lake_ (1888), 20 Q. B. D., 378; _Strahan_ v. _Graham_ (1867), 16 L. T. (N. S.), 87.

[657] _Ager_ v. _P. & O._ (1884), 26 Ch. D., 637.

[658] Coleridge, J., in _Jefferys_ v. _Boosey_ (1854), 4 H. L. C., at p. 906.

[659] But see Willes, J., at pp. 2311 and 2332, and Aston, J., at p. 2346, in _Millar_ v. _Taylor_ (1769), 4 Burr., 2303.

[660] _Southey_ v. _Sherwood_ (1817), 2 Mer., 435; _Rundell_ v. _Murray_ (1821), Jac., 311.

[661] _Weldon_ v. _Dicks_ (1878), 10 Ch. D., 247.