Chapter XXI: Conclusion

In the prospectus of this work, the expectation was expressed that each Number would contain from 64 to 80 pages; that as many as four Numbers might be issued within the year, and engravings were promised for such subjects as might require them.

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* * * * *

In justice to the publishers of this work, we add, that _this publication is an expensive one_; very heavy advances have been already made by them, while only a trivial amount has been received in return. It is hoped, therefore, that subscribers will promptly remit, _free from postage_, the small stipulated sum, and also make the required advance for the succeeding volume. This last is not due till the first number of that volume has been issued, but it would save postage to remit both sums at once, and thus also it will be known what subscriptions are continued. In a subscription so widely dispersed over a large portion of the United States, an inattention to _punctual payment_, must soon put in hazard the existence of a work, having otherwise the fairest prospects of continuance, and we hope of usefulness.

Should this appeal be promptly answered, the first number of the next volume (already in considerable forwardness,) will be published in the course of the summer; and should men of ability continue to furnish communications, and _the public be willing to pay for the work_, it is our wish to publish future numbers with greater frequency, and to complete our volumes whenever we are prepared, without confining ourselves to particular periods of time.

_New-Haven, Conn. May 17, 1819._

POSTSCRIPT.

AMERICAN GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

We have the pleasure to announce, that an American Geological Society has been recently organized by an association of gentlemen, residing in various parts of the United States. An Act of Incorporation, conferring the necessary powers, has been granted by the Legislature of Connecticut, and farther accounts of the plan and progress of the Society may be expected in future numbers of this work.

FOOTNOTES:

[46] See Number 1. page 59.

[47] The proper name of these prairies, and of one of the places where they are found, being illegible in the MS, we were obliged to omit those names; we believe however that the sense is not injured.--_Editor._

[48] Former orthography, _Toghconnuck_ and _Toghconnuc_. That of the text deviates farther from the _Indian_, but is later and preferable.

[49] See Map.

[50] If this memoir should ever meet the eye of this amiable man, I trust he will excuse the notice to which his labours so justly entitle him. To him we are indebted for a complete science of crystallography, and for having determined the existence and limit of species, which mineralogists had not obtained, and chemists could not determine. He has devoted a long life to the improvement of science, and it is his praise, that he has preserved the meekness of religion amidst the most flattering success. Our scientific countrymen, who have visited Paris, have been particularly indebted to him; and this notice is, in their behalf, both the tribute of justice and gratitude.

[51] _Mr. Nuttall_ will excuse me for retaining _my own specific name_. His knowledge of this plant was derived from my Herbarium, where he found it under the name of _tripsacum cylindricum, Mich_? Although it can hardly be the plant of _Michaux_, it was so considered by the late _Dr. Muhlenberg_, when specimens were first communicated to him. It remains under this name in his Herbarium, but is not included in his _work on the grasses_. He left it for me to describe along with other new and doubtful plants from the south.

[52] This is the specific name found in my Herbarium by _Mr. Nuttall_, under which it had been previously transmitted to Mr. Elliott. _Vid._ _Nuttall's North American Genera_, v. I. p. 83.

[53] _Mr. Nuttall_ was probably deceived from having examined the _spikes_ before they were fully evolved.

[54] Mr. Stephen Elliott has confirmed the description of Aublet, in his Botany of the Southern States. (Received January, 1818. _Editor._)

[55] I refer the scientific reader for further particulars to "_An account of a storm of Salt_, which fell in January, 1803. By Richard Salisbury, F.R.S. L.S." in the Transactions of the Linnæan Society of London. Vol. VIII. p. 207-10.

[56] Linnæan Transactions. Vol. VIII. p. 289.

[57] P. 339. Lond. ed.

[58] Maintained by Dr. Mitchill.

[59] My friend, Dr. John Torrey, has favoured me with the following results of some experiments, which he made at my request upon the last snow which fell. "A pint and a half of snow water was reduced by evaporation to a few drops. On testing this with vegetable blue infusions no alteration of colour took place. It was afterward evaporated to dryness, and about a quarter of a grain of a solid residuum was obtained. This was redissolved in a small quantity of pure rain water, and prussiate of potash added to it, without occasioning any precipitate. Nitrate of silver produced a white precipitate so copious, that the solution was thick with it. Carbonate of soda produced no effect. The transparency of a solution of muriate of barytes was not disturbed by it. These experiments prove, that a _free acid_ does not exist in snow water, but that the muriate exists in it combined with an alkali, which is most probably soda."

[60] Mr. J. Murray, of London, considers this to be a mistake. _Free muriatic acid_, and not muriate of soda, he says, will be found in the recipient.--_Elements of Chemistry._ Part I. p. 212. Lond. ed. 1818.

[61] That is, in those oaks which grow near the salt water, the branches that directly face the sea do not attain so great size and strength as those on the opposite side; this has also been observed on the south side of Long-Island.

[62] Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt. Vol. I. p. 48. Perth ed.

[63] Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt. Vol. I. p. 217.

[64] Darwin's Botanic Garden. P. 256.

[65] To prove that salt is absorbed into land plants growing near the sea, the following facts, for which I am indebted to my friend, Dr. D. V. Knevels, are conclusive. The fruit of those cocoa-nut trees which grow near the seashore in the West-Indies is generally found to have a saltish taste; and even the milk in the nut is perceptibly impregnated with it. Those trees on the contrary which grow in the interior, beyond the influence of salt water, have their fruit perfectly fresh and sweet.

The same gentleman informs me, that in a plantation of his father's, in the West-Indies, situated on the seashore, a whole crop of the cane was rendered unfit for the purpose of making sugar, in consequence of the great quantity of salt which it had imbibed.

[66] Journal of Science and the Arts. No. X.

[67] Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt, Vol. I. p. 167.

[68] On the subject of the Egyptian ophthalmia, it may be asked "why it does not appear in innumerable other situations, equally exposed to salt air, as Cape Cod, and the West-India Islands?" To this it may be replied, that in the production of any disease whatever, a _predisposing_ state of the system is as necessary as an _exciting_ cause. This predisposition appears to exist in a great degree among the Egyptians, and depends upon the nature of their climate, their habits, and mode of living, all of which have a tendency to produce _debility_ of the eyes, and thus render them more susceptible of the impression of those causes which excite inflammation.

[69] Rush's Medical Observations and Inquiries, Vol. II. p. 132.

[70] Volney's Travels, Vol I. p. 226.

[71] Rush's Observations and Inquiries, Vol. II. p. 133.

[72] This was most remarkably perceived on one occasion, where, under the idea that possibly chrome might exist in the ores, they had been intensely heated in a forge along with pearl ashes. The mass, when lixiviated, gave only a greenish solution, becoming colourless by nitric acid, and again greenish by an alkali; this was supposed to be owing to iron and manganese. No metal was obtained, except a few minute globules of attractable iron, but the laboratory was filled with white fumes, having the peculiar odour alluded to.

[73] Several of the facts, we are aware, accord with the properties of bismuth, between which and tellurium there are several strong points of resemblance, but a number of other facts appear irreconcilable with the properties of that metal, and of every other except tellurium.

[74] Excepting, that the covers ought to be so depressed, as that their brims may be lower than the bottoms of the interior vessels over which they are placed respectively. This is necessary to prevent the gas from escaping, ere it have access to the surface of the fluid beneath those bottoms.

[75] The apparatus may also be made of glass bottles, duly proportioned, and cut (truncated) alternately near the shoulder and near the bottom.

[76] In whose Journal it was ordered to be printed, but, to prevent delay, it was published, by the Author, in a separate paper, and forwarded by him to the Editor of this Journal.

[77] Possibly the electric fluid causes decompositions when emitted from an impalpable point (as in the experiments of Wollaston) because its repulsive agency is concentred between integral atoms, in a mode analogous to that here referred to; a filament of water in the one case, and of wire in the other, being the medium of discharge.

[78] The conclusions are drawn from experiments made by the electricity of the Voltaic apparatus.

[79] Especially to Dr. T. P. Jones, and Mr. Rubens Peale, who remember the suggestion.

[80] See Plate. Fig. 3.

[81] This evidently differs from the common mode of decomposing the fixed alkalies by galvanism: there the effect depends on electrical attractions and repulsions--here on the chemical agency of ignited iron produced _extemporaneously_ in the galvanic circuit: this mode of operating appears to be new. _Editor._

[82] The glasses may be had by applying to Edw. A. Pearson, No. 71 Cornhill, Boston.

INDEX.

_Accidents_ from fulminating powders, 168.

_Acid_, (sulphuric) lake of, 49, 58
river of, 59.

_Address_ to the people of the Western Country, 203.

_Agates_, 49, 134, 236.

_Alkali_, a new one, 309, 310.

_Alleghany_ mountains, 60.

_Alluvial_ formation, 324.

_Alveolites_, 383.

_Alumine_, pure, 310.

_American_ Geological Society, 442.

_Amianthus_, 55.

_Analcime_, at Deerfield, 134.

_Antigua_, silicious petrifactions of, 56
--geology of, 141.

_Apatite_, 236.

_Apparatus_, improvement on Woolf's, &c., 410.

_Asbestos_, 237, 243.

_Asclepias_ lanceolata, 252.

_Atwater_, (Caleb, Esq.) on prairies, 116
--on Ohio, 207
--on Belmont county, 226
--on winds of the west, 276.

_Augite_, 244, 310.

B.

_Baldwin_, (Dr. William) on Rottböllia, 355.

_Barbuda_, (island of) its geology, 142.

_Barrens_ and Prairies of the West, 116.

_Barrow's_ travels, extract from, 148.

_Barytes_, (sulphat of) 63, 237, 240.

_Basins_, peculiar formation of, 213.

_Battery_, (electrical) of Dr. Dana, 292.

_Beck_, (Dr. John B.) on salt storms, 388.

_Belmont_ county, Ohio, its geology, &c., 227.

_Beryl_ of Haddam, 242.

_Bigelow_, (Prof.) on American climate, 76.

_Blende_, 50.

_Blow-pipe_, compound, priority of discovery and use of, 97.

_Boats_, steam, 8.

_Bodies_, dead, preservation of, 307, 8.

_Bones_, extraction of gelatine from, 170.

_Botany_, American, 5.

_Brace_, (Mr. John J.) on cut-worm, 154
--on minerals of Litchfield county, &c., 350.

_Breccia_ of the Potomack, 216.

_Brest_, experiments at, 174.

_Bridge_, natural, 66, 319.

_Brongniart_ on organized remains, 71
--his address in Paris, 74.

_Brown_, (Dr. Samuel) 147, 439.

_Bruce_, (Dr.) 3, 37, 255, 299, 439.

_Bufo_ cornuta, 265.

_Burial_ ground of the Aborigines, 108.

_Burrstone_ of Indiana, 132.

C.

_Cabinet_ of Col. Gibbs, 6
--of B. D. Perkins and Dr. Bruce, 37.

_Calendar_, floral, of United States, 76
--near Philadelphia, 77
--of Plainfield, 255
--of Deerfield, 359.

_Calorimotor_ of Prof. Hare, 413.

_Calton_ hill, its structure, 230.

_Carbonats_, hard, of lime, 63
--of magnesia, pulverulent, at Hoboken, 54
--crystallized, 142.

_Cave_, Wier's, 59, 64, 317
--in Mount Toby, 111
--at Corydon, with Epsom salt, 133.

_Caves_, in Tennessee, 429.

_Chabasie_, at Deerfield, 49, 134.

_Chalcedony_ in silicious wood, 57,
at Deerfield and East Haven, 134.

_Characters_ of minerals, 43-45.

_Cinnabar_, in Michigan, 433.

_Clays_, porcelain, 57, 58, 242.

_Cleaveland_, (Prof.) Review of his mineralogy, 35
--notice of, 308.

_Coal_ mines of Virginia, 125
--of Tennessee, 63
--of Ohio, 239
--of Connecticut, _ibid._ and 240.

_College_, (Medical) of Ohio, 311.

_Coluber_ trivittata, &c., 260-262.

_Comstock_, (Dr.) 433.

_Cooper_, (Prof. Thomas) 439.

_Copal_, identity of, with amber, 307.

_Copper-head_ snake, 84.

_Copper_, native, 55.

_Cornelius_, (Rev. Elias) 59, 214, 317.

_Crotali_, 263.

_Cumberland_ mountain, 221-223.

_Cut-worm_, 154.

_Cuvier's_ geology, 68.

_Cylactis_, &c., 377.

D.

_Dana_, (Dr. J. F.) on electrical battery, 292
--on Myrica cerifera, 293
--on flame, 301.

_Deerfield_, Floral Calendar of, 359.

_Delirium_, intermissions of, 431.

_Dewey_, (Prof. Chester) his sketch, &c., 337.

_Diplocea_ barbata, 252.

_Disruption_ of the ground at Deerfield, 286.

_Distillation_ of seawater, 172.

_Doolittle_, (Mr. Isaac) on gelatine, 170.

_Drake_, (Dr. Daniel) and others, 206.

_Dust_, atmospherical, 397.

_Dwight_, (Dr. B. W.) on delirium, 431.

E.

_Earthquakes_ of 1811 and 1812, 93.

_Eaton_, (Mr. Amos) on New-England geology, 69
--on Southampton level, 136.

_Elliott_ (Stephen, Esq.) 5.

_Engine_, (Steam) its importance, 7.

_Exoglossum_ (a freshwater fish) 155.

F.

_Falls_ in Connecticut river, 111.

_Favosites_, 389.

_Fish_, impressions of, 110.

_Fisher_, (Prof.) his essay, &c., 9, 179.

_Flame_, how affected by steam, &c., 401.

_Flint_, 225.

_Floral_ calendar of the United States, 76
--Plainfield, 254
--Deerfield, 359.

_Floerkea_, genus, 373.

_Fluor_ Spar, 49-52.

G.

_Galvanism_, Dr. Hare's discovery in, 413.

_Gambold_, (Mrs.) on the Cherokee plants, 245.

_Gas_, (Oxygen) respiration of, 95.

_Gases_, (Inflammable) in Ohio, 49.

_Guadaloupe_, minerals from, 237.

_Gelatine_, how obtained from bones in Paris, 170.

_Geological_ society, (American) 442.

_Geology_ and mineralogy of Virginia, &c., 50, 317
--New-England, index of, 59
--Deerfield and vicinity, 107
--Indiana, 131
--Antigua, &c., 140
--introduction to the study of, 50.

_Gibbs_, (Col. George) on gunpowder, 87
--on light and magnetism, 89, 207
--on tourmalines, &c., 346.

_Gill_, (Mr. Thomas) his new lamp, 207.

_Gnaphalium_, new species of, 380.

_Gneiss_, 339.

_Gorham_, (Prof. John) elements of chemistry, 434.

_Granite_, 237, 339, 437.

_Grammer_, (Mr. John) on coal mines of Virginia, 125.

_Graphite_, 237.

_Grindstones_, 62.

_Gunpowder_, its force, how increased, 87.

_Gypsum_, 62, 211, 245.

H.

_Hard_ carbonate of lime, 63.

_Hare_, (Dr. Robert) his blow-pipe, 97
--on Woulfe's apparatus, 411
--his calorimotor, 413
--theoretical views, 434.

_Harrodsburg_ salts, analysis of, 403.

_Hayden_, (Dr. H. H.) on new minerals, 244, 306.

_Heat_ and light, new mode of producing, 91.

_Herpetology_, Thomas Say on, 256.

_Hitchcock_, (Mr. Ed.) on Deerfield, &c., 105
--disruption, 286
--supplement, 426.

_Hoboken_, carbonate of magnesia at, 54.

_Hematite_, brown, 236.

_Hornstones_, 62, 225.

I.

_Ice_, (Greenland) 101.

_Indiana_, geology of, 131.

_Insect_, destructive, 328.

_Intelligence_, botanical, 435.

_Iron_ ores, 50, 62, 438.

_Ives_, (Prof. Eli) on limosella, 74
--asclepias, 252
--the potato, 297
--gnaphalium, 380.

J.

_Java_, river and lake of sulphuric acid in, 58, 59.

_Jameson_, (Prof.) his additions to Cuvier, 69.

_Jasper_, 62, 236.

_Journals_, scientific, 1-3
--of vegetation, 76, 77, 255, 359.

K.

_Kain_, (Mr. John H.) on geology, &c., 60
--mounds and caves, 428-430.

L.

_Lane_, (Ephraim) his mine, 316.

_Lamp_ without flame, 207.

_Lead_ ore, 53, 63
--native, in Michigan, 434.

_Light_, connexion between, and magnetism, 89, 207
--and heat, new mode of producing, 91.

_Lime_, augments the force of gunpowder, 87.

_Limestone_, with shells, 61
--carbonates of, 63, 131, 237, 241, 307, 341.

_Limosella_, description of, 74.

_Lithia_, a new alkali, 309.

_Lithography_, art of, 439.

_Localities_, (American) of minerals, 49.

M.

_Maclure_, (William, Esq.) his geological survey, 37
--map, 61
--on geology, 209.

_Magnesia_, sulphat of, 49
--carbonat, 49, 54, 236
--of hydrate, 55.

_Magnetic_, iron mine of, 89.

_Magnetism_ and light, their connexion, 89.

_Malachite_, compact, 236.

_Manganese_, 50.

_Marten_, new species of, 82.

_Matches_ kindling without fire, 308.

_Mercury_, fulminating explosion of, 168.

_Metal_, new, 310.

_Meteors_, theory of, 266.

_Mica_, plumose, 50
--of Porto Rico, 237
--of slate, 339.

_Mill_ stones, 62, 132.

_Mineralogy_, elementary works on, 38.

_Minerals_ of Deerfield, &c., 112
--of Indiana, &c., 132
--of Southampton level, 136
--silicious, 224
--localities, by Rev. Mr. Schaeffer, 237
--American collections, of, 310.

_Mineral_ springs, 66.

_Mind_, human, its operations in a diseased state, 431.

_Mitchill_, (Dr. S. L.) 37, 55
--his edition of Cuvier, 68.

_Molybdena_, 50, 238, 242.

_Morey_, (Samuel) his fire apparatus, 91
--steam engine, 162.

_Mounds_, ancient, 322, 428.

_Mountains_, Alleghany, 60.

_Mustela_ vulpina, 82.

_Myosurus_ Shortii, 379.

_Myrica_ cerifera, analysis of, 294.

N.

_Native_ copper, near New-Haven, 55
--sulphur of Java, 58
--237.

_Natural_ Bridge, 66.

_Necronite_, 306.

_New_ England, its geology, 69.

_Nitrate_ of lime and of potash, 65.

_Nitre_, natural, 321.

_Nomenclature_ of minerals, 45.

_Nugent_, (Dr.) on Antigua, &c., 56, 141.

O.

_Ohio_, notes on, 207
--its medical college, 311.

_Opal_, semi, 225, 237.

_Ophisaurus_ ventralis, 262.

_Organized_ remains, Brongniart on, 71.

_Oxygen_ gas, respiration of, 95.

P.

_Paint_, rock, 77.

_Paris_, porcelain of, 56.

_Paris_, (Dr. John Ayston) on sandstone, 234.

_Passage_, northwest, 101.

_Peat_ of Dutchess county, 139.

_Peril_, (Mr Pelatiah) 85.

_Perkins_, (Dr. Benjamin) 37.

_Petroleum_, 49.

_Phalæna_ devastator, 154.

_Picture_ of Independence, 200.

_Pierce_, (James, Esq.) on magnesia, 54, 142
--on Staten-Island, 143.

_Plants_ of Cherokee country, 245.

_Plumbago_, 239.

_Pole_, north, attempts to discover the, 101.

_Pomeroy_, (T.) his certificate, 87.

_Porcelain_ and porcelain clays, 57.

_Porter_, (Dr. J.) on vegetation at Plainfield, 254.

_Potato_, Prof. Ives on, 297.

_Powders_, fulminating, 168.

_Prairies_ and barrens of the west, 116, 331.

_Prehnite_, 50, 135.

_Pyrites_, magnetical, 49.

_Pyroxene_, red, 244.

Q.

_Quartz_, 53, 237, 238, 241, 340, 345.

R.

_Ray_ (solar) connexion with magnetism, 90.

_Rafinesque_ (C. S., Esq.) on vegetation, 77
--on mustela vulpina, 83
--on copper-head, 84
--on sponges, 149
--on Xanthium maculatum, 151
--Exoglossum, 155
--on Diplocea barbata, 252
--on discoveries in the West, 311
--on genus Floerkea, 373
--on Cylactis, &c., 377
--on Myosurus shortii, 379
--atmospheric dust, 397.

_Rain_, red, 309.

_Refraction_, (polar) effects on magnetism, 90.

_Respiration_ of oxygen gas, 95.

_Review_ of Cleaveland's Mineralogy, 35.

_Reynolds_ (Dr. W. G.) on meteors, 266.

_Ridge_, (Blue) its geology, 217.

_River_, (White) in Java, 59
--In a cave, 320.

_Rock paint_, 67.

_Rocks_, transition, of East Tennessee, 61
--Of Indiana, 131
--Secondary, 213.

_Rottböllia_, 355.

S.

_Sandstone_, old red, 212
--of the Capitol, Washington, 215
--of Cornwall, England, 234.

_Salt_, its effects on vegetation, 389-391
--on animals, 394.

_Salts_ of Harrodsburg, 403.

_Say_ (Mr. Thomas) on Herpetology, 256
--on zoophytes, &c., 381.

_Schaeffer_, (Rev. F. C.) on peat, 139
--localities, 236.

_Sea-water_, (distilled) 172.

_Seybert_, (Dr. Adam) 37.

_Sienite_, 106.

_Sheldon_ (Wm.) on tanning, &c., 312.

_Silver_, (fulminating) accidents from, 169.

_Sines and Cosines_, formulæ for, 424.

_Slate_, argillaceous, 62, 67, 70, 342.

_Smith_ (Professor E. D.) on earthquakes, &c., 93.

_Soapstone_, 62.

_Society_, (American Geological) 442.

_Southampton level_, 137.

_Spar_, (fluor) 49, 52.

_Sponges_, on Long Island, 149.

_Springs_, saline, 49
--mineral, 66.

_Steam_ decomposed, 92
--engine, 93
--rotatory of S. Morey, 162.

_Stilbite_, 134.

_Stilson_ (Mr. W. B.) on Indiana.

_Storms_, salt, 388.

_Strong's_ (Prof.) mathematical papers, 424.

_Sullivan_ (John S., Esq.) on heat and light, 91
--on steam engines, 157.

_Sulphur_, (native) 237
--springs in Indiana, 133.

T.

_Tabular view_, 46, 134.

_Talc_, fibrous and scaly, 237.

_Tanning_, by means of chesnut wood, 312
--notice of a new mode of, 439.

_Tar_, used to afford light, 92
--to work steam engines, 164.

_Tennessee_, (East) its Geology, &c., 60.

_Temperament_, (Musical) essay on, 9, 176.

_Thorax_, (affection of) relieved by oxygen gas, 95.

_Titanium_, oxyde of, 50, 134, 355.

_Tom_ (Mount) rests on sandstone, 109.

_Torpedoes_ of fulminating silver, 169.

_Torrey_, (Dr. John) on Staurotide, &c., 437.

_Tourmaline_, 237.

_Tourmalines_ of Goshen, &c., Col. Gibbs on, 346.

_Trap_, what it is, 51
--primitive and transition, 212.

_Trumbull_, (Col.) his picture of Independence, 206.

_Tungsten_ and Tellurium, American, 312, 316, 405.

V.

_Vapour_, effects of, on flame, 401.

_Vauquelin_, a new alkali, 310.

_Vegetables_, effects of their combustion, 334.

_Vegetation_, Journals of, 76, 77, 256, 359.

_View_, tabular, 46.

_Virginia_, geology and mineralogy of, &c., 60.

W.

_Wacke_, of aqueous origin, 233
--analysis of, 296.

_Warm_ springs, 66.

_Waterhouse_, (Dr. Benjamin) 37.

_Webster_ (Dr. I. W.) on Calton Hill, 230
--letter from, 243
--on wacke, 296
--his lectures, 304
--cabinet, 305.

_Wells_ (Mr. R. W.) on Prairies, &c., 331
--of Columbia affected by earthquakes, 93.

_Western_ Museum Society, 203.

_Williams_, (Dr. Stephen) his calendar, &c., 359.

_Williamstown_, its geology, &c., 337.

_Winds_ of the West, 276.

_Wood_, petrifactions of, 50-56
--chesnut applied to tanning, 313.

_Woolf's_ apparatus, substitute for, 410.

_Works_ (elementary) on mineralogy, 38.

X.

_Xanthium_ maculatum, 151.

Z.

_Zoology_, American, 5
--fossil, 381.

_Zoophytes_, &c., 381.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

Four illustrations have been moved from their book location to be
close to the text describing them. One from page 289 to p293;
another from p413 to p337; another from p414 to p423; another
from p448 to p91.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example,
knifeblade, knife-blade; New England, New-England; carbonat, carbonate;
musqueto; illy; chesnut; connexion.

Pg 2, 'these scources' replaced by 'these sources'.
Pg 13, 'arch AGN .. VA' replaced by 'arc AGN..VA'.
Pg 14, 'Vth A´D´G' replaced by 'Vth A´D´G´'.
Pg 39, 'sooner, in might' replaced by 'sooner, it might'.
Pg 50, 'are two limited' replaced by 'are too limited'.
Pg 51, 'importance usally' replaced by 'importance usually'.
Pg 58, 'shall be acertained' replaced by 'shall be ascertained'.
Pg 60, 'Geology of the the' replaced by 'Geology of the'.
Pg 77, '20th of Ferbuary' replaced by '20th of February'.
Pg 90, 'than elswhere;' replaced by 'than elsewhere;'.
Pg 91, 'convenient mothod' replaced by 'convenient method'.
Pg 94, 'heretofore peccolated' replaced by 'heretofore percolated'.
Pg 104 Footnote [16], 'by inadventence' replaced by 'by inadvertence'.
Pg 108, 'aud three feet' replaced by 'and three feet'.
Pg 113, 'Some has' replaced by 'Some have'.
Pg 133, 'tress; insects' replaced by 'trees; insects'.
Pg 138, 'three huudred feet' replaced by 'three hundred feet'.
Pg 147, 'quantitites of sandrock' replaced by 'quantities of sandrock'.
Pg 149, 'is is not a proper' replaced by 'is not a proper'.
Pg 158, Illustration caption, 'P. IV' replaced by 'Pl. IV'.
Pg 171, 'much of the gelantine' replaced by 'much of the gelatine'.
Pg 173, 'empyxeuma arising' replaced by 'empyreuma arising'.
Pg 204, 'unknown to to all' replaced by 'unknown to all'.
Pg 238, 'Honsatonuck River' replaced by 'Housatonick River'.
Pg 247, 'Inis, low' replaced by 'Iris, low'.
Pg 249, 'Yacca filamentosa' replaced by 'Yucca filamentosa'.
Pg 257, 'eleven apicial' replaced by 'eleven apical'.
Pg 261, 'the tripple series' replaced by 'the triple series'.
Pg 269, 'situation of of the' replaced by 'situation of the'.
Pg 285, 'my own observatiou' replaced by 'my own observation'.
Pg 290, 'thrown purmiscuously' replaced by 'thrown promiscuously'.
Pg 308, 'for sometime made' replaced by 'for some time made'.
Pg 315, 'chrystallography of Haüy' replaced by 'crystallography
of Haüy'.
Pg 315, 'in cold weather.' replaced by 'in cold water.'.
Pg 316, 'common iron pyrytes' replaced by 'common iron pyrites'.
Pg 344, 'regular octaedrons' replaced by 'regular octahedrons'.
Pg 345, 'Hill in Cattskill' replaced by 'Hill in Catskill'.
Pg 346, 'The schorl cruciforn' replaced by 'The schorl cruciform'.
Pg 359, 'Deerfield, Massachuchusetts,' replaced by 'Deerfield,
Massachusetts,'.
Pg 363, 'Humingbirds arrived' replaced by 'Hummingbirds arrived'.
Pg 367, 'American hazle' replaced by 'American hazel'.
Pg 370, 'been unusully warm' replaced by 'been unusually warm'.
Pg 371, 'and mullin' replaced by 'and mullein'.
Pg 409, 'appear irreconcileable' replaced by 'appear irreconcilable'.
Pg 415, 'inerposed agents' replaced by 'interposed agents'.
Pg 416, 'corruscating flame' replaced by 'coruscating flame'.
Pg 429, 'to many visiters' replaced by 'to many visitors'.

Index.
'Diplocœa barbata, 282.' replaced by 'Diplocea barbata, 252.'.
'Localites' replaced by 'Localities'.
'Rafinesque', 'on Diplocœa barbata, 352' replaced by 'on Diplocea
barbata, 252'.
'Slate', '70--342.' replaced by '70, 342.'.
'Torrey' page number '437' added.

End of Project Gutenberg's American Journal of Science, Vol. 1., by Various