Chapter XIV: Letter XLVI (3)

d. STILT PROLEGS (_Propedes grabati_). Prolegs that are
unnaturally long, and elevate the animal. PLATE XXIII. FIG. 7.
_a._

α. COALITE STILT PROLEGS (_Propedes grabati coaliti_). When stilt
prolegs unite so as to form only one leg bifid at its apex.
PLATE XXIII. FIG. 7. _b._

PUPÆ.

1. ADMINICULA (_Adminicula_). Semicoronets of minute teeth which
arm the back of the abdomen of subterraneous pupæ, by which
they are enabled to emerge from under the earth. PLATE XVI.
FIG. 13. _e._

2. CREMASTRÆ (_Cremastræ_). The anal hooks by which many pupæ
suspend themselves. PLATE XXIII. FIG. 8. _a._

3. COCOON (_Folliculus_). The silken case in which the pupæ of
many insects are inclosed. PLATE XVII. FIG. 5-8.

N.B. Other terms for Pupæ are explained VOL. III. p. 249.

FOOTNOTES:

[1074] VOL. III. p. 353--.

[1075] Ibid. p. 527.

[1076] The elytra of this Order in general differ so materially both from membrane and corium, that it was requisite to invent a term to distinguish them.

[1077] _Mon. Ap. Angl._ i. _t._ v. _f._ 8. _b, c._

[1078] We use this term because _subcrosa_ is employed in a quite different sense.

[1079] We restrict the term _Figure_, to the shape of a _superficies_.

[1080] The term _falcate_ has usually been applied to signify this figure, as well as that to which we have restricted it; but as the truncate and sharp extremity forms a striking difference, we thought it best to invent a new term.

[1081] We have departed from the more usual definition of _trapezoid_, "An irregular figure whose four sides are not parallel," because the above is best suited to forms in insects.

[1082] We use this term to denote the shape of solid bodies.

[1083] The word employed in Botany to denote a Polygon is _prismatical_; but since, properly defined, this term is synonymous with _triquetrous_, we thought it best to use an adjective derived from _prismoid_, which implies a body that approaches to prismatical.

[1084] This term in _Anatomy_ denotes any unnatural protuberance or convexity of the body, as a person hunched, or hump-backed. In _Astronomy_ it is used in reference to the enlightened parts of the moon, whilst she is moving from the first quarter to the full, and from the full to the last quarter; for all that time the dark part appears horned or falcated, and the light one hunched out, convex or gibbous.

[1085] We employ the term _æquatus_ instead of _æqualis_ commonly used in this sense, because _æqualis_ is also applied to magnitude, to which we would restrict it.

[1086] I do not find in Schönherr (_Curculionid. Method. Disp._) any genus or subgenus of Rhyncophorous beetles the characters of which correspond with those of the insect here alluded to, which I once thought might be a _Cyphus_ Germ. but it is not. It appears common in Brazil, and I have at least two species of it.

[1087] _Linn. Trans._ vi. 194. _t._ xx. _f._ 5.

[1088] Germ. _Insect. Spec. Nov._ 332--. To this genus _Curculio Tribulus_ and _quadridens_ appear to belong.

[1089] This kind of pubescence has usually been denominated sericeous (_sericea_); but it certainly does not resemble _silk_; and is very different from the proper sericeous splendour, exhibited by _Cryptocephalus sericeus_.

[1090] _Mon. Ap. Angl._ 1. _t._ iv. ** c. _f._ 1. _a._

[1091] See above, p. 283. n^o 7.

[1092] Linné in _Coccinella_ has employed the term _Gutta_ for a white or yellow spot in a darker ground, and _Pustula_ for a red spot in a black ground. We thought one term sufficient to express spots bigger than atoms.

[1093] See above, p. 208--.

[1094] As this work is intended for general readers as well as for the learned, the above rules, &c. it is hoped will not be deemed without use.

[1095] These symbols are inserted here, because they may be very conveniently adopted in a correspondence on the subject of Entomology.

[1096] _Mon. Ap. Angl._ i. _t._ xii. * *. e. 1. _neut._ _f._ 6. _c._ and _t._ x. * *, d, 1, _f._ 1. _c._

[1097] Oliv. _Ins._ N^o. 44. _Pæderus._ _t._ i. _f._ 1. e.

[1098] Germ. _Insect. Spec._ 486--.

[1099] _Fn. Suec._ 1183. Fabricius has not admitted this moth among his _Noctuæ_, I know not why.

[1100] Curtis, _Brit. Ent._ _t._ 154.

[1101] _Monogr. Ap. Angl._ i. 97. _t._ xii. _Apis_ **. e. 1. Neut. _f._ 21. _d._

[1102] This term may be applied to the _Mesothorax_ in heteropterous _Hemiptera_, in which that part lies _buried_ under the _Prothorax_. PLATE VIII. FIG. 20. _i, k._

[1103] Chabrier _Sur le Vol des Insectes_. _Mém. du Mus._ _t._ viii. 55.

[1104] In many moths, particularly _Spilosoma ocularia_, and affinities, the insect looks as if its neck was ornamented with a beautiful _tippet_ formed by the _Patagia_, and its shoulders by these _lappets_.

[1105] Neither _Chrysomela_ nor _Imatidium_ have a discoidal _Epipleura_; which furnishes a further proof that _Notoclea_ is distinct from _Chrysomela_, and _Imatidium_ from _Cassida_.

[1106] For the reason of this change of the name of _Locusta_ F., see _Zool. Journ._ N^o iv.

An _Acrida_ with this spot is figured by Professor Lichtenstein. _Linn. Trans._ iv. _t._ v. A.

[1107] Reaum. i. _t._ xx. _f._ 12-15.

[1108] _Linn. Trans._ v. _t._ iv. _f._ 10, 11. From my specimens, which are not in a very good state, I cannot ascertain whether this belongs to any of the modern genera into which the _Ichneumones minuti_ of Linné are now divided.

[1109] To this genus or subgenus _Scarabæus Syphax_, _Antæus_, _Titanus_, &c. belong.

[1110] Jones. _Linn. Trans._ ii. _t._ viii. _f._ 1, 3-6, 8.

[1111] Jurine _Hymenopt._ _t._ i. _f._ 3. _b._

[1112] _Ibid._ _t._ iii. Gen. 4, 5.

[1113] _Ibid._ _t._ x. Gen. 23, 24.

[1114] _Ibid._ _t._ vi. Gen. 2.

[1115] See Kirby in _Linn. Trans._ xii. 450--. _t._ xxii. _f._ 16.

[1116] _Mon. Ap. Angl._ i. _t._ iv. _Melitta_ **. c. _f._ 10. _a._

[1117] _Mon. Ap. Angl._ i. _t._ xii. _f._ 19. _a, b._

[1118] _Mon. Ap. Angl._ _t._ iv. **. c. _f._ 14 *. a. _f._ 12.

[1119] _Ibid._ _t._ xxi. _f._ 20.

[1120] Chabrier _Sur le Vol des Insectes_. _Ann. du Mus._ xiv. _t._ viii. _f._ 1. K. _n._

[1121] VOL. III. p. 396.

[1122] VOL. III. p. 125--.

[1123] De Geer vii. 38--. _t._ iii. _f._ 10. _rr._

[1124] VOL. II. p. 248--.

[1125] De Geer ii. 507. _t._ xi. _f._ 16. m. n.