Chapter IX: The Order Ungulata 273

UNGULATA VERA 275

_Suborder_ ARTIODACTYLA 275

SUINA, 278. _Family_ HIPPOPOTAMIDÆ, 278; _Hippopotamus_,
278. _Family_ SUIDÆ, 281; _Sus_, 281; _Babirusa_, 287;
_Phacochœrus_, 288. _Family_ DICOTYLIDÆ, 289; _Dicotyles_,
289; _Hyotherium_, etc., 291. EXTINCT TRANSITIONAL
ARTIODACTYLES, 292; Chœropotamidæ, 292; Anthracotheriidæ,
292; _Merycopotamus_, 293; Cotylopidæ, 293; Anoplotheriidæ,
293; Cænotheriidæ, 294; Dichodontidæ, 294. TYLOPODA, 295.
_Family_ CAMELIDÆ, 295; _Camelus_, 296; _Auchenia_, 298;
Extinct Cameloids, 303. TRAGULINA, 305. _Family_ TRAGULIDÆ,
305; _Tragulus_, 305; _Dorcatherium_, 306; Extinct
Traguloids, 306. PECORA, 307; Antlers, 308; Horns, 310;
Teeth, 310; Stomach, 312. _Family_ CERVIDÆ, 313; _Subfamily_
Moschinæ, 314; _Moschus_, 314; _Subfamily_ Cervinæ, 316;
Plesiometacarpalia, 316; _Cervulus_, 316; _Elaphodus_,
318; _Cervus_, 319; Telemetacarpalia, 323; _Rangifer_,
324; _Alces_, 326; _Cervalces_, 327; _Capreolus_, 327;
_Hydropotes_, 328; _Cariacus_, 329; _Pudua_, 330; Extinct
genera, 330. _Family_ GIRAFFIDÆ, 330; _Giraffa_, 331;
Allied extinct types, 332. _Family_ ANTILOCAPRIDÆ, 333;
_Antilocapra_, 333. _Family_ BOVIDÆ, 334; _Alcelaphus_, 334;
_Connochætes_, 336; _Cephalophus_, 338; _Tetraceros_, 338;
_Neotragus_, 338; _Nanotragus_, 339; _Pelea_, 339; _Cobus_,
339; _Cervicapra_, 340; _Antilope_, 340; _Æpyceros_,
341; _Saiga_, 341; _Pantholops_, 341; _Gazella_, 341;
_Hippotragus_, 343; _Oryx_, 343; _Addax_, 345; _Boselaphus_,
345; _Tragelaphus_, 346; _Strepsiceros_, 347; _Oreas_, 348;
Extinct types, 348; _Rupicapra_, 349; _Nemorhædus_, 350;
_Haploceros_, 351; _Budorcas_, 351; _Capra_, 352; _Ovis_,
354; _Ovibos_, 357; _Bos_, 360.

_Suborder_ PERISSODACTYLA 368

_Family_ TAPIRIDÆ, 370; _Tapirus_, 370; _Palæotapirus_, 373.
_Family_ LOPHIODONTIDÆ, 373. _Family_ PALÆOTHERIIDÆ, 375.
_Family_ EQUIDÆ, 376; _Protohippus_, 380; _Hipparion_, 380;
_Equus_, 381. _Family_ RHINOCEROTIDÆ, 402; _Rhinoceros_,
402; Extinct types, 411. _Families_ LAMBDOTHERIIDÆ,
CHALICOTHERIIDÆ, and TITANOTHERIIDÆ, 412. _Family_
MACRAUCHENIIDÆ, 414. _Family_ PROTEROTHERIIDÆ, 414.

SUBUNGULATA 414

_Suborder_ HYRACOIDEA 415

_Family_ HYRACIDÆ, 415; _Hyrax_, 417; _Dendrohyrax_, 418.

_Suborder_ PROBOSCIDEA 418

_Family_ ELEPHANTIDÆ, 423; _Elephas_, 424; _Mastodon_, 431.
_Family_ DINOTHERIIDÆ, 435; _Dinotherium_, 435.

_Suborder_ AMBLYPODA 436

_Uintatherium_, 436; _Coryphodon_, 437.

_Suborder_ CONDYLARTHRA 438

_Suborder_ TOXODONTIA 439

_Nesodon_, 439; _Toxodon_, 439; _Typotherium_, 440.

_Group_ TILLODONTIA 441

Bibliography of Ungulates 442