Chapter XXXIII: Epilogue (2)

sæ:, f., _sea_.
sæ:-bât, m., _sea-boat_.
sæ:d, n., _seed_.
sæ:de, see s[e,]cgan.
sæ:l, m., f., _time, happiness_ [sil-ly];
on sæ:lum 137, 22 [[_Beowulf_ 644]] = _joyous, merry_.
sæ:lan (§ 126), _bind_.
sæ:-lîðend (§ 68, (3)), m., _seafarer_ (nom. and acc. pl. same as
nom. and acc. sing.).
sam ... sam, _whether ... or_.
same, _similarly_;
swâ same, _just the same, in like manner_.
samod, see s[o,]mod.
sanct, m., f., _saint_ [Lat. sanctus]; gen. sing., sanctæ, f.,
sancti, m.
sang, see s[o,]ng.
sâr, f., n., _sore, pain, wound_.
sâr, adj., _sore, grievous_.
sâre, _sorely_.
sâwan (§ 117,) _sow_.
sâwol, f., _soul_; oblique cases, sing., sâwle (§ 39, Note).
scacan (sceacan) (§ 116), _shake, go, depart_; past part., scacen,
sceacen.
scadu-helm, m., _cover of night, shadow-covering_ [shadow-helm];
scadu-helma gesceapu, see Note on 138, 2-6 [[lines 647-51]].
sceal, see sculan.
scêap, n., _sheep_.
scêat, m., _corner, region, quarter_ [sheet];
eorðan scêatta 139, 14 [[_Beowulf_ 753]] = _in the regions of earth_
(gen. used as locative).
scêawi(g)an (§ 130), _view, see_ [shew].
scêawung, f., _seeing_.
sceolde, see sculan.
scêop (scôp), see scieppan.
scêowyrhta, m., _shoe-maker_.
sc[e,]ððan (§ 116), _injure, scathe_ (with dat.).
scieppan (§ 116), _create_.
Scieppend, m., _Creator_.
scînan (§ 102), _shine_.
scip (scyp), n., _ship_.
scipen, n., _stall_.
sciprâp, m., _ship-rope, cable_.
scîr, f., _shire, district_.
Sciringeshêal, m., _Sciringesheal_ (in Norway).
scolde, see sculan.
sc[o,]mu, f., _shame, dishonor_.
Scônêg, f., _Skaane_ (southern district of the Scandinavian
peninsula).
scopgereord, n., _poetic language_.
scrîðan (§ 102), _stride, stalk_.
sculan (§ 136; § 137, Note 2), _shall, have to, ought_.
Scyldingas, m. pl., _Scyldings, Danes_.
scyp, see scip.
Scyppend, see Scieppend.
sê, sêo, ðæt (§ 28; § 28, Note 3), _the_; _that_; _he, she, it_;
_who, which, that_;
ðæs, _from then, afterwards, therefore_;
ðæs ðe (p. 110, l. 2), _with what_;
ðy: ... ðæt (p. 110, ll. 7-8), _for this reason ... because_;
tô ðæ:m ... swâ, _to such an extent ... as_;
ðy (ðê), _the_ (adverbial, with comparatives);
ðy: ... ðy:, _the ... the_.
seah, see sêon.
sealde, see s[e,]llan.
searo-gimm, m., _artistic gem, jewel_.
searo-nîð, m., _cunning hatred, plot_.
searo-ð[o,]nc, m., _cunning thought, device_.
Seaxe, m. pl., _Saxons, Saxony_.
sêc(e)an (§ 128), _to seek, visit, meet_.
s[e,]cg, m., _man, warrior_.
s[e,]cgan (§ 132), _say, tell_.
sefa, m., _mind, spirit_.
sêfte, _more easily_ (comparative of sôfte).
segel, m., n., _sail_; dat. sing. = segle.
seglian (§ 130), _sail_.
s[e,]le, m., _hall_.
s[e,]ledrêam, m., _hall joy, festivity_.
s[e,]le-ful, n., _hall cup_.
s[e,]les[e,]cg, m., _hall warrior, retainer_.
sêlest, _best_ (no positive).
self (sylf), _self, himself_ (declined as strong or weak adjective).
s[e,]llan (syllan) (§ 128), _give_ [sell, han(d)sel].
s[e,]mninga, _forthwith, straightway_.
s[e,]ndan (§ 127), _send_.
sêo, see sê.
sêoc, _sick_.
seofon (syfan), _seven_.
seolh, m., _seal_; gen. sing. = sêoles (§ 27, (3)).
sêon (§ 118), _see, look_.
seonu, f., _sinew_; nom. pl., seonowe.
sess, m., _seat_.
sibb, f., _friendship, peace_ [gos_sip_].
sidu (siodu), m., _custom, morality, good conduct_.
sîe, see bêon.
siex, _six_;
syxa (siexa) sum, see sum.
siextig, _sixty_.
sige, m., _victory_.
sige-folc, n., _victorious people_.
sige-lêas, _victory-less, of defeat_.
sige-rôf, victory-famed, _victorious_.
sige-wæ:pen, n., _victory-weapon_.
siglan (§ 127), _sail_.
Sillende, _Zealand_.
sinc, n., _treasure, prize_.
sinc-fæ:t, n., see 137, 1 [[_Beowulf_ 623]] [treasure-vat].
sinc-ð[e,]gu, f., _receiving of treasure_ [ðicgan].
sind, sint, sindon, see bêon.
singan (§ 110), _sing_.
sittan (§ 115, Note 2), _sit, take position_.
sîð, m., _journey, time_;
forman sîðe 139, 2 [[_Beowulf_ 741]] = _the first time_ (instr.
sing.).
sîðian (§ 130), _journey_.
siððan, _after that, afterwards, after_.
slæ:p, m., _sleep_.
slæ:pan (§ 117), _sleep_.
slêan (§ 118), _slay_ [slow-worm].
slîtan (§ 102), _slit, tear to pieces_.
slîðen, _savage, perilous_.
smæl, _narrow_.
smalost, see smæl.
snâw, m., _snow_.
snot(t)or, _wise, prudent_.
sôhte, see sêcan.
s[o,]mod (samod), _together_.
sôna, _soon_.
s[o,]ng, m., n., _song, poem_.
s[o,]ngcræft, m., _art of song and poetry_.
sorg (sorh), f., _sorrow_.
sôð, _true_.
sôð, n., _truth_;
tô sôðe, _for a truth, truly, verily_.
sôð-fæst, _truthful, just_.
sôðlîce, _truly_.
spêd, f., _possessions, success, riches_ [speed].
spêdig, _rich, prosperous_.
spell, n., _story, tale_ [gospel].
spêow, see spôwan.
spere, n., _spear_.
spor, n., _track, footprint_.
spôwan (§ 117), _succeed_ (impersonal with dat.).
spræ:c, f., _speech, language_.
sprecan (§ 115), _speak_.
spyrian (spyrigean) (§ 130), _follow_ (intrans.) [spor].
stæf, _staff, rod_; pl. = _literature, learning_.
stælhrân, m., _decoy-reindeer_.
stælwierðe, _serviceable_ (see p. 56, Note 2).
stæ:r, n., _story, narrative_ [Lat. historia].
stæð, n., _shore_.
stân, m., _stone, rock_.
stân-boga, m., _stone-arch_ [stone-bow].
standan, see st[o,]ndan.
stânhlið (-hleoð), n., _stone-cliff_.
stapol, m., _column_ [staple].
starian (§ 125), _stare, gaze_.
st[e,]de, m., _place_.
stelan (§ 114), _steal_.
st[e,]nt, see st[o,]ndan.
stêorbord, n., _starboard, right side of a ship_.
st[e,]ppan (§ 116), _step, advance_; pret. indic. 3d sing., stôp.
stilnes, f., _stillness, quiet_.
st[o,]ndan (§ 116), _stand_.
stôp, see st[e,]ppan.
storm, m., _storm_.
stôw, f., _place_ [stow, and in names of places].
strang, see str[o,]ng.
str[e,]ngest, see str[o,]ng.
str[o,]ng (§ 96, (2)), _strong_.
styccemæ:lum, _here and there_.
sum (§ 91, Note 2), _some, certain, a certain one_;
hê syxa sum 104, 25 = _he with five others_.
sumera, see sumor.
sumor, m., _summer_; dat. sing. = sumera.
sumorlida, m., _summer-army_.
sundor, _apart_.
sunne, f., _sun_.
sunu, m., _son_.
sûð, _south, southwards_.
sûðan (§ 93, (5)), _from the south_;
be sûðan, _south of_ (§ 94, (4)).
sûðeweard, _southward_.
sûðryhte, _southward_.
swâ (swæ:), _so, as, how, as if_;
swâ swâ, _just as, as far as_;
swâ ... swâ, _the ... the, as ... as_;
swâ hwæt swâ, _whatsoever_ (§ 77, Note).
swæ:s, _beloved, own_.
swæð, n., _track, footprint_ [swath].
swaðul, m.? n.?, _smoke_.
swealh, see swelgan.
swefan (§ 115), _sleep, sleep the sleep of death_.
swefn, n., _sleep, dream_.
swêg, m., _sound, noise_.
swegle, _bright, clear_.
swêlan (§ 126), _burn_ [sweal].
swelgan (§ 110), _swallow_; pret. indic. 3d sing., swealh; subj.,
swulge.
swellan (§ 110), _swell_.
Swêoland, n., _Sweden_.
Swêom, m., dat. pl., _the Swedes_.
sweotol, _clear_.
sweotole, _clearly_.
sw[e,]rian (§ 116), _swear_.
swête, _sweet_.
swêtnes (-nis), f., _sweetness_.
swift (swyft), _swift_.
swilc (swylc) (§ 77), _such_.
swilce, _in such manner, as, likewise_; _as if, as though_ (with
subj.).
swimman (§ 110), _swim_.
swîn (swy:n), n., _swine, hog_.
swînsung, f., _melody, harmony_.
swîðe (swy:ðe), _very, exceedingly, greatly_.
swîðost, _chiefly, almost_.
swôr, see sw[e,]rian.
swulge, see swelgan.
swuster (§ 68, (2)), f., _sister_.
swylce (swelce), see swilce.
swy:n, see swîn.
swynsian (§ 130), _resound_.
swy:ðe, see swîðe.
swy:ð-ferhð, _strong-souled_.
sylf, see self.
syll, f., _sill, floor_.
syllan, see s[e,]llan.
symbel, n., _feast, banquet_.
symle, _always_.
synd, see bêon.
syn-dolh, n., _ceaseless wound, incurable wound_.
syndriglîce, _specially_.
synn, f., _sin_.
syn-scaða, m., _ceaseless scather, perpetual foe_.
syn-snæ:d, f., _huge bit_ [ceaseless bit].
syððan, see siððan.
syx, see siex.
syxtig, see siextig.

#T.#

tâcen, n., _sign, token_; dat. sing., tâcne (§ 33, Note).
tæ:can (§ 128), _teach_.
tam, _tame_.
tela, _properly, well_ [til].
t[e,]llan (§ 128), _count, deem_ [tell]; pret. 3d sing., tealde.
T[e,]mes, f., _the Thames_.
têon, _arrange, create_; pret. sing., têode.
Terfinna, m., gen. pl., _the Terfins_.
têð, see tôð.
tîd, f., _tide, time, hour_.
tîen (ty:n), _ten_.
til(l), _good_.
tîma, m., _time_.
tintreglîc, _full of torment_.
tô (§ 94, (1)), _to, for, according to, as_;
tô hrôfe 114, 2 = _for (as) a roof_ [cf. Biblical _to wife_,
modern _to boot_].
tô, adv., _too_.
tôbrecan (p. 81, Note 2), _break to pieces, knock about_.
tôdæ:lan (§ 126), _divide_.
tôemnes (tô emnes) (§ 94, (4)), _along, alongside_.
tôforan (§ 94, (1)), _before_.
tôgeðêodan (§ 126), _join_.
tôhopa, m., _hope_.
tôlicgan (§ 115, Note 2), _separate, lie between_; 3d sing, indic.
= tôlîð.
tôlîð, see tôlicgan.
tolûcan (§ 109, Note 1), _destroy_ [the prefix tô reverses the
meaning of lûcan, _to lock_].
torn, m., _anger, insult_.
tôð (§ 68, (1)), m., _tooth_.
tôweard (§ 94, (1)), _toward_.
tôweard, adj., _approaching, future_.
trêow, f., _pledge, troth_.
trêownes, f., _trust_.
Trûsô, _Drausen_ (a city on the Drausensea).
tûn, m., _town, village_.
tunge, f., _tongue_.
tûngerêfa, m., _bailiff_ [town-reeve; so sheriff = shire-reeve].
tungol, n., _star_.
twâ, see twêgen.
twêgen, (§ 89), _two, twain_.
twêntig, _twenty_.
ty:n, see tîen.

#Ð.#

ðâ, _then, when_;
ðâ ... ðâ, _when ... then_;
ðâ ðâ, _then when_ = _when_.
ðâ, see sê.
ðæ:r, _there, where_;
ðæ:r ðæ:r, _there where_ = _where_;
ðæ:r ... swâ 142, 4 [[_Beowulf_ 798]] = _wheresoever_; 145, 6
[[_Beowulf_ 2731]] = _if so be that_.
ðæs, _afterwards, therefore, thus, because_;
see sê.
ðæt (ðætte = ðæt ðe), _that, so that_.
ðafian (§ 130), _consent to_.
ðanc, see ð[o,]nc.
ðancian (ð[o,]ncian) (§ 130), _thank_.
ðanon, see ð[o,]nan.
ðâs, see ðês.
ðê, see sê (instr. sing.) and ðû.
ðe (§ 75), _who, whom, which, that_.
ðêah, _though, although_;
ðêah ðe, _though, although_.
ðearf, see ðurfan.
ðearf, f., _need, benefit_.
ðêaw, m., _habit, custom_ [thews].
ðegn (ðegen), m., _servant, thane, warrior_.
ð[e,]nc(e)an (§ 128), _think, intend_.
ðening (-ung), f., _service_;
the pl. may mean _book of service_ (117, 17).
ðêod, f., _people, nation_.
ðêoden, m., _prince, lord_.
ðêodscipe, m., _discipline_.
ðêon (ðy:wan) (§ 126), _oppress_ [ðêow].
ðêow, m., _servant_.
ðêowa, m., _servant_.
ðêowotdôm (ðîowot-), m., _service_.
ðês (§ 73), _this_.
ðider, _thither_.
ðiderweard, _thitherward_.
ðîn (§ 76), _thine_.
ðing, n., _thing_;
æ:nige ðinga, see 140, 15 [[_Beowulf_ 769]], Note.
ðingan (§ 127), _arrange, appoint_.
ðis, see ðês.
ðissum, see ðês.
ðôhte, ðôhton, see ð[e,]ncean.
ðolian (§ 130), _endure_ [thole].
ð[o,]nan, _thence_.
ð[o,]nc, m., _thanks_.
ðone, see sê.
ðonne, _than, then, when_;
ðonne ... ðonne, _when ... then_.
ðrâg, f., _time_.
ðrêa-ny:d, f., _compulsion, oppression, misery_ [throe-need].
ðrêora, see ðrîe.
ðridda, _third_.
ðrie (ðry:) (§ 89), _three_.
ðrîm, see ðrîe.
ðrîst-hy:dig, _bold-minded_.
ðrîtig, _thirty_.
ðrôwung, f., _suffering_.
ðry:, see ðrîe.
ðrym(m), m., _renown, glory, strength_.
ðry:ð, f., _power, multitude_ (pl. used in sense of sing.);
asca ðry:ðe 152, 23 [[_Wanderer_ 99]] = _the might of spears_.
ðry:ð-ærn, n., _mighty house, noble hall_.
ðry:ð-word, n., _mighty word, excellent discourse_.
ðû (§ 72), _thou_.
ðûhte, see ðyncan.
ðurfan (§ 136), _need_; pres. indic. 3d sing., ðearf; pret. 3d sing.,
ðorfte;
for-ðâm mê wîtan ne ðearf Waldend fîra morðor-bealo mâga 145, 17
[[_Beowulf_ 2742]] = _therefore the Ruler of men need not charge
me with the murder of kinsmen_.
ðurh (§ 94, (2)), _through_.
ðus, _thus_.
ðûsend, _thousand_.
ðy:, see sê.
ðyder, see ðider.
ðyncan (§ 128), _seem, appear_ (impersonal);
mê ðyncð, _methinks, it seems to me_;
him ðûhte, _it seemed to him_.

#U.#

ûhta, m., _dawn_; gen. pl., ûhtna.
unbeboht, _unsold_ [bebycgan = _to sell_].
uncûð, _unknown, uncertain_ [uncouth].
under, _under_ (with dat. and acc.).
underst[o,]ndan (§ 116), _understand_.
underðêodan (-ðîedan) (§ 126), _subject to_;
past part. underðêoded = _subjected to, obedient to_ (with dat.).
unforbærned, _unburned_.
unfrið, m., _hostility_.
ungefôge, _excessively_.
ungemete, _immeasurably, very_.
ungesewenlîc, _invisible_ [past part. of sêon + lîc].
unlyfigend, _dead, dead man_ [unliving].
unly:tel, _no little, great_.
unriht, n., _wrong_;
on unriht, see on.
unrihtwîsnes, f., _unrighteousness_.
unspêdig, _poor_.
unwearnum, _unawares_.
ûp (ûpp), _up_.
ûpâstîgnes, f., _ascension_ [stîgan].
ûp-lang, _upright_.
ûre (§ 76), _our_.
usses = gen. sing. neut. of ûser, see ic.
ût, _out, outside_.
ûtan, _from without, outside_.
ûtanbordes, _abroad_.
ûtg[o,]ng, m., _exodus_.
uton, _let us_ (with infin.) [literally _let us go_ with infin. of
purpose (see 137, 19-20, Note [[lines 641-42]]); uton = wuton,
corrupted form of 1st pl. subj. of wîtan, _to go_].
ût-weard, _outward bound, moving outwards_.

#W.#

wâc, _weak, insignificant_.
wacian (§ 130), _watch, be on guard_; imperative sing., waca.
wadan (§ 116), _go, tread_ [wade].
wæ:g, m., _wave_.
Wæ:gmundigas, m. _Wægmundings_ (family to which Beowulf and Wiglaf
belonged).
wæl, n., _slaughter, the slain_.
wæl-blêat, _deadly_ [slaughter-pitiful].
wælgîfre, _greedy for slaughter_.
wæl-ræ:s, m., _mortal combat_ [slaughter-race].
wæl-rêow, _fierce in strife_.
wælsliht (-sleaht), m., _slaughter_.
wælstôw, f., _battle-field_ [slaughter-place];
wælstôwe gewald, _possession of the battle-field_.
wæ:pen, n., _weapon_.
wæ:re, see bêon.
wæs, see bêon.
wæter, n., _water_.
waldend, see _wealdend_.
wan (w[o,]n), _wan, dark_.
wanhy:dig, _heedless, rash_.
wânigean (wânian) (§ 130), _bewail, lament_ (trans.) [whine].
warian (§ 130), _attend, accompany_.
wât, see witan.
waðum, m., _wave_; gen. pl., waðema.
weal(l), m., _wall, rampart_.
wealdend (§ 68, (3)), _wielder, ruler, lord_.
wealh, m., _foreigner, Welshman_.
wealhstôd, m., _interpreter, translator_.
weallan (§ 117), _well up, boil, be agitated_; pret. 3d. sing.
indic., wêoll.
wealsteal(l), m., _wall-place, foundation_.
weard, m., _ward, keeper_.
wearð, see weorðan.
weaxan (§ 117), _wax, grow_.
weg, m., _way_;
hys weges, see § 93, (3);
on weg, see on.
wel(l), _well, readily_.
wela, m., _weal, prosperity, riches_.
welm, see wielm.
wênan (§ 126), _ween, think, expect_.
w[e,]ndan (§ 127), _change, translate_ [wend, windan].
w[e,]nian (§ 130), _entertain_;
w[e,]nian mid wynnum 149, 20 [[_Wanderer_ 29]] = _entertain
joyfully_;
w[e,]nede tô wiste 149, 27 [[_Wanderer_ 36]] = _feasted_ (trans.).
Weonodland (Weonoðland), n., _Wendland_.
weorc, n., _work, deed_.
weorold (weoruld), see woruld.
weorpan (§ 110), _throw_.
weorðan (§ 110), _be, become_.
wer, m., _man_ [werwulf].
wêrig, _weary, dejected_.
werod, n., _army, band_.
wesan, see bêon.
Wesseaxe, m. pl., _West Saxons_; gen. pl. = Wesseaxna.
west, _west, westward_.
westanwind, m., _west wind_.
wêste, _waste_.
wêsten, n., _waste, desert_.
Westsæ:, f., _West Sea_ (west of Norway).
Westseaxe, m. pl., _West Saxons, Wessex_.
wîc, n., _dwelling_ [bailiwick].
wîcian (§ 130), _stop, lodge, sojourn_ [wîc].
wîdre, adv., _farther, more widely_ (comparative of wîde).
wîdsæ:, f., _open sea_.
wielm (welm), m., _welling, surging flood_ [weallan].
wîf, n., _wife, woman_.
wîg, m., n., _war, battle_.
wiga, m., _warrior_.
wild, _wild_.
wildor, n., _wild beast, reindeer_; dat. pl. = wildrum (§ 33, Note).
willa, m., _will, pleasure_; gen. pl., wilna (138, 16 [[_Beowulf_
661]]).
willan (§ 134; § 137, Note 3), _will, intend, desire_.
wilnung, f., _wish, desire_;
for ðæ:re wilnunga 119, 4 = _purposely_.
Wiltûn, m., _Wilton_ (in Wiltshire).
wîn, n., _wine_.
wîn-ærn, n., _wine-hall_.
Wînburne, f., _Wimborne_ (in Dorsetshire).
wind, m., _wind_.
wine, m., _friend_.
Winedas, m. pl., _the Wends, the Wend country_.
wine-dryhten, m., _friendly lord_.
winelêas, _friendless_.
winemæ:g, m., _friendly kinsman_.
wîngeard, m., _vineyard_.
winnan (§ 110), _strive, fight_ [win].
wînsæl, n., _wine-hall_.
wîn-s[e,]le, m., _wine-hall_.
winter, m., _winter_; dat. sing. = wintra.
wintercearig, _winter-sad, winter-worn_.
wîs, _wise_.
wîsdôm, m., _wisdom_.
wîse, _wisely_.
wîse, f., _manner, matter, affair_ [in this wise].
wîs-fæst, _wise_ [wise-fast; cf. shame-faced = shamefast].
wîs-hycgende, _wise-thinking_.
Wîsle, f., _the Vistula_.
Wîslemûða, m., _the mouth of the Vistula_.
wisse, see witan.
wist, f., _food, feast_.
wita, m., _wise man, councillor_.
witan (§ 136), _know, show, experience_.
wîtan (§ 102), _reproach, blame_ (with acc. of thing, dat. of person).
wîte, n., _punishment_.
Wîtland, n., _Witland_ (in Prussia).
wið (§ 94, (3)), _against, toward, with_;
wið êastan and wið ûpp on emnlange ðæ:m by:num lande, _toward the
east, and upwards along the cultivated land_;
wið earm gesæt 139, 11 [[_Beowulf_ 750]] = _supported himself on his
arm_;
gen[e,]red wið nîðe (dat.) 143, 11 [[_Beowulf_ 828]] = _had
preserved it from (against) violence_.
wiðerwinna, m., _adversary_.
wiðfôn (§ 118), _grapple with_ (with dat.).
wiðhabban (§ 133), _withstand, resist_ (with dat.).
wiðst[o,]ndan (§ 116), _withstand, resist_ (with dat.).
wl[o,]nc, _proud_.
wôd, see wadan.
wolcen, n., _cloud_ [welkin]; dat. pl., wolcnum.
wolde, see willan.
wôma, m., _noise, alarm, terror_.
w[o,]n, see wan.
wôp, n., _weeping_.
word, n., _word_.
wôrian (§ 130), _totter, crumble_.
worn, m., _large number, multitude_.
woruld, f., _world_;
tô worulde bûtan æ:ghwilcum [e,]nde 102, 18 = _world without end_.
woruldcund, _worldly, secular_.
woruldhâd, m., _secular life_ [world-hood].
woruldrîce, n., _world-kingdom, world_.
woruldðing, n., _worldly affair_.
wræclâst, m., _track or path of an exile_.
wrâð, _wroth, angry_; _foe, enemy_.
wrîtan (§ 102), _write_.
wucu, f., _week_.
wudu, m., _wood, forest_.
wuldor, n., _glory_.
Wuldorfæder (§ 68, (2)), m., _Father of glory_; gen. sing.,
Wuldorfæder.
Wuldur-cyning, m., _King of glory_.
wulf, m., _wolf_.
wund, f., _wound_.
wund, _wounded_.
wunden, _twisted, woven, convolute_ (past part. of windan).
wundor, n., _wonder, marvel_.
wundrian (§ 130), _wonder at_ (with gen.).
wurdon, see weorðan.
wurðan, see weorðan.
wylf, f., _she wolf_.
wyllað, see willan.
wyn-lêas, _joyless_.
wynn, f., _joy, delight_.
wynsum, _winsome, delightful_.
wyrc(e)an (§ 128), _work, make, compose_.
wyrd, f., _weird, fate, destiny_.
wyrhta, m., _worker, creator_ [-wright].
wyrm, m., _worm, dragon, serpent_.
wyrmlîca, m., _serpentine ornamentation_.
wyrð (weorð), _worthy_; see 114, 7-9, Note.

#Y.#

ylca, see ilca.
yldan (§ 127), _delay, postpone_ [eald].
yldu, f., _age_ [eld].
ymbe (ymb) (§ 94, (2)), _about, around, concerning_ [_um_while];
ðæs ymb iii niht 99, 2 = _about three nights afterwards_.
ymb-êode, see ymb-gân.
ymbe-sittend, _one who sits (dwells) round about another, neighbor_.
ymb-gân (§ 134), _go about, go around, circle_ (with acc.).
yrfe-weard, m., _heir_.
yrnan, see iernan.
yrre, _ireful, angry_.
yteren, _of an otter_ [_otor_].
y:ðan (§ 126), _lay waste_ (as by a deluge) [y:ð = _wave_].

II. GLOSSARY.

MODERN ENGLISH--OLD ENGLISH.

#A.#

a, _ân_ (§ 77).
abide, _bîdan_ (§ 102), _âbîdan_.
about, _be_ (§ 94, (1)), _ymbe_ (§ 94, (2));
to write about, _wrîtan be_;
to speak about (= of), _sprecan ymbe_;
about two days afterwards, _ðæs ymbe twêgen dagas_.
adder, _næ:dre_ (§ 64).
afterwards, _ðæs_ (§ 93, (3)).
against, _wið_ (§ 94, (3)), _on_ (§ 94, (3)).
Alfred, _Ælfred_ (§ 26).
all, _eall_ (§ 80).
also, _êac_.
although, _ðêah_ (§ 105, 2).
always, _â_; _ealne weg_ (§ 98, (1)).
am, _eom_ (§ 40).
an, see a.
and, _[o,]nd_ (_and_).
angel, [e,]ngel (§ 26).
animal, _dêor_ (§ 32).
are, _sind, sint, sindon_ (§ 40).
army, _werod_ (§ 32);
Danish army, _h[e,]re_ (§ 26);
English army, _fierd_ (§ 38).
art, _eart_ (§ 40).
Ashdown, _Æscesdûn_ (§ 38).
ask, _biddan_ (§ 65, Note 3; § 115, Note 2).
away, _aweg_.

#B.#

battle-field, _wælstôw_ (§ 38).
be, _bêon_ (§ 40);
not to be, see § 40, Note 2.
bear, _beran_ (§ 114).
because, _for ðæ:m (ðe), for ðon (ðe)_.
become, _weorðan_ (§ 110).
before (temporal conjunction), _æ:r, æ:r ðæ:m ðe_ (§ 105, 2).
begin, _onginnan_ (§ 107, (1); § 110).
belong to, _belimpan tô_ + dative (§ 110).
best, see good.
better, see good.
bind, _bindan_ (§ 110).
bird, _fugol_ (§ 26).
bite, _bîtan_ (§ 102).
body, _lîc_ (§ 32).
bone, _bân_ (§ 32).
book, _bôc_ (§ 68).
both ... and, _æ:gðer ge ... ge_.
boundary, _mearc_ (§ 38).
boy, _cnapa_ (§ 64).
break, _brêotan_ (§ 109), _brecan, âbrecan_ (§ 114).
brother, _brôðor_ (§ 68, (2)).
but, _ac_.
by, _fr[o,]m_ (_fram_) (§ 94, (1); § 141, Note 1).

#C.#

Cædmon, _Cædm[o,]n_ (§ 68, (1)).
call, _hâtan_ (§ 117, (1)).
cease, cease from, _geswîcan_ (§ 102).
child, _bearn_ (§ 32).
choose, _cêosan_ (§ 109).
Christ, _Crîst_ (§ 26).
church, _cirice_ (§ 64).
come, _cuman_ (§ 114).
comfort, _frôfor_ (§ 38).
companion, _gefêra_ (§ 64).
consolation, _frôfor_ (§ 38).
create, _gescieppan_ (§ 116).

#D.#

Danes, _D[e,]ne_ (§ 47).
day, _dæg_ (§ 26).
dead, _dêad_ (§ 80).
dear (= beloved), _lêof_ (§ 80).
deed, _dæ:d_ (§ 38).
die, _cwelan_ (§ 114).
division (of troops), _gefylce_ (§ 32), _getruma_ (§ 64).
do, _dôn_ (§ 134).
door, _dor_ (§ 32), _duru_ (§ 52).
drink, _drincan_ (§ 110).
during, _on_ (§ 94, (3)). See also § 98.
dwell in, _bûan on_ (§ 126, Note 2).

#E.#

earl, _eorl_ (§ 26).
endure, _drêogan_ (§ 109).
England, _[E,]nglal[o,]nd_ (§ 32).
enjoy, _brûcan_ (§ 62, Note 1; § 109, Note 1).
every, _æ:lc_ (§ 77).
eye, _êage_ (§ 64).

#F.#

father, _fæder_ (§ 68, (2)).
field, _feld_ (§ 51).
fight, _feohtan, gefeohtan_ (§ 110).
find, _findan_ (§ 110).
finger, _finger_ (§ 26).
fire, _fy:r_ (§ 32).
fisherman, _fiscere_ (§ 26).
foreigner, _wealh_ (§ 26).
freedom, _frêodôm_ (§ 26).
friend, _wine_ (§ 45), _frêond_ (§ 68, (3)).
friendship, _frêondscipe_ (§ 45).
full, _full_ (with genitive) (§ 80).

#G.#

gain the victory, _sige habban, sige niman_.
gift, _giefu_ (§ 38).
give, _giefan_ (with dative of indirect object) (§ 115).
glad, _glæd_ (§ 81).
glove, _glôf_ (§ 38).
go, _gân_ (§ 134), _faran_ (§ 116).
God, _God_ (§ 26).
good, _gôd_ (§ 80).

#H.#

Halgoland, _Hâlgoland_ (§ 32).
hall, _heall_ (§ 38).
hand, _h[o,]nd_ (§ 52).
hard, _heard_ (§ 80).
have, _habban_ (§ 34);
not to have, _nabban_ (p. 32, Note).
he, _hê_ (§ 53).
head, _hêafod_ (§ 32).
hear, _hîeran_ (§ 126).
heaven, _heofon_ (§ 26).
help, _helpan_ (with dative) (§ 110).
herdsman, _hierde_ (§ 26).
here, _hêr_.
hither, _hider_.
hold, _healdan_ (§ 117, (2)).
holy, _hâlig_ (§ 82).
horse, _mearh_ (§ 26), _hors_ (§ 32).
house, _hûs_ (§ 32).

#I.#

I, _ic_ (§ 72).
in, _on_ (§ 94, (3)).
indeed, _sôðlîce_.
injure, _sc[e,]ððan_ (with dative) (§ 116).
it, _hit_ (§ 53).

#K.#

king, _cyning_ (§ 26).
kingdom, _rîce_ (§ 32), _cynerîce_ (§ 32).

#L.#

land, _l[o,]nd_ (§ 32).
language, _spræ:c_ (§ 38), _geðêode_ (§ 32).
large, _micel_ (§ 82).
leisure, _æ:metta_ (§ 64).
let us, _uton_ (with infinitive).
limb, _lim_ (§ 32).
little, _lytel_ (§ 82).
live in, _bûan on_ (§ 126, Note 2).
lord, _hlâford_ (§ 26).
love, _lufian_ (§ 131).
love (noun), _lufu_ (§ 38).

#M.#

make, _wyrcan_ (§ 128).
man, _s[e,]cg_ (§ 26), _m[o,]n_ (§ 68, (1)).
many, _m[o,]nig_ (§ 82).
mare, _my:re_ (§ 64).
mead, _medu_ (§ 51).
Mercians, _Mierce_ (§ 47).
milk, _meolc_ (§ 38).
month, _mônað_ (§ 68, (1), Note 1).
mouth, _mûð_ (§ 26).
much, _micel_ (§ 96, (3)), _micle_ (§ 97, (2)).
murderer, _b[o,]na_ (§ 64).
my, _mîn_ (§ 76).

#N.#

natives, _l[o,]ndlêode_ (§ 47).
nephew, _nefa_ (§ 64).
new, _nîwe_ (§ 82).
Northumbrians, _Norðymbre_ (§ 47).
not, _ne_.

#O.#

of, see about.
on, _on_ (§ 94, (3)), _ofer_ (§ 94, (2)).
one, _ân_ (§ 89);
the one ... the other, _ôðer ... ôðer_.
other, _ôðer_ (§ 77).
our, _ûre_ (§ 76).
ox, _oxa_ (§ 64).

#P.#

place, _stôw_ (§ 38).
plundering, _h[e,]rgung_ (§ 38).
poor, _earm_ (§ 80), _unspêdig_ (§ 82).
prosperous, _spêdig_ (§ 82).

#Q.#

queen, _cwên_ (§ 49).

#R.#

reindeer, _hrân_ (§ 26).
remain, _bîdan_ (§ 102), _âbîdan_.
retain possession of the battle-field, _âgan wælstôwe gewald_.
rich, _rîce_ (§ 82), _spêdig_ (§ 82).
ride, _rîdan_ (§ 102).

#S.#

say, _cweðan_ (§ 115), _s[e,]cgan_ (§ 133).
scribe, _bôcere_ (§ 26).
seal, _seolh_ (§ 26).
see, _sêon_ (§ 118), _gesêon_.
serpent, _næ:dre_ (§ 64).
servant, _ðêowa_ (§ 64), _ðegn_ (§ 26).
shall, _sculan_ (§ 136; § 137, Note 2).
she, _hêo_ (§ 53).
shepherd, _hierde_ (§ 26).
ship, _scip_ (§ 32).
shire, _scîr_ (§ 38).
shoemaker, _scêowyrhta_ (§ 64).
side, on both sides, _on gehwæðre h[o,]nd_.
six, _siex_ (§ 90).
slaughter, _wæl_ (§ 32), _wælsliht_ (§ 45).
small, _ly:tel_ (§ 82).
son, _sunu_ (§ 51).
soul, _sâwol_ (§ 38).
speak, _sprecan_ (§ 115).
spear, _gâr_ (§ 26), _spere_ (§ 32).
stand, _st[o,]ndan_ (§ 116).
stone, _stân_ (§ 26).
stranger, _wealh_ (§ 26), _cuma_ (§ 64).
suffer, _drêogan_ (§ 109).
sun, _sunne_ (§ 64).
swift, _swift_ (§ 80).

#T.#

take, _niman_ (§ 110).
than, _ðonne_ (§ 96, (6)).
thane, _ðegn_ (§ 26).
that (conjunction), _ðæt_.
that (demonstrative), _sê, sêo, ðæt_ (§ 28).
that (relative), _ðe_ (§ 75).
the, _se, sêo, ðæt_ (§ 28).
then, _ðâ, ðonne_.
these, see this.
they, _hîe_ (§ 53).
thing, _ðing_ (§ 32).
thirty, _ðrîtig_.
this, _ðês, ðêos, ðis_ (§ 73).
those, see that (demonstrative).
thou, _ðû_ (§ 72).
though, _ðêah_ (§ 105, 2).
three, _ðrîe_ (§ 89).
throne, ascend the throne, _tô rîce fôn_.
throw, _weorpan_ (§ 110).
to, _tô_ (§ 94, (1)).
tongue, _tunge_ (§ 64).
track, _spor_ (§ 32).
true, _sôð_ (§ 80).
truly, _sôðlîce_.
two, _twêgen_ (§ 89).

#V.#

very, _swîðe_.
vessel, _fæt_ (§ 32).
victory, _sige_ (§ 45).

#W.#

wall, _weall_ (§ 26).
warrior, _s[e,]cg_ (§ 26), _eorl_ (§ 26).
way, _weg_ (§ 26).
weapon, _wæ:pen_ (§ 32).
well, _wel_ (§ 97, (2)).
Welshman, _Wealh_ (§ 26).
went, see go.
westward, _west, westrihte_.
whale, _hwæl_ (§ 26).
what? _hwæt_ (§ 74).
when, _ðâ, ðonne_.
where? _hwæ:r_.
which, _ðe_ (§ 75).
who? _hwâ_ (§ 74).
who (relative), _ðe_ (§ 75).
whosoever, _swâ hwâ swâ_ (§ 77, Note).
will, _willan_ (§ 134; § 137, Note 3).
Wilton, _Wiltûn_ (§ 26).
win, see gain.
wine, _wîn_ (§ 32).
wisdom, _wîsdôm_ (§ 26).
wise, _wîs_ (§ 80).
with, _mid_ (§ 94, (1));
to fight with (= against), _gefeohtan wið_ (§ 94, (3)).
withstand, _wiðst[o,]ndan_ (with dative) (§ 116).
wolf, _wulf_ (§ 26), _wylf_ (§ 38).
woman, _wîf_ (§ 32).
word, _word_ (§ 32).
worm, _wyrm_ (§ 45).

#Y.#

ye, _gê_ (§ 72).
year, _gêar_ (§ 32).
yoke, _geoc_ (§ 32).
you, _ðû_ (singular), _gê_ (plural) (§ 72).
your, _ðîn_ (singular), _êower_ (plural) (§ 76).

* * * * *
* * * *
* * * * *

Errata

The spelling "Fins" (translating "ðâ Finnas") is used consistently. Errors were trivial, generally missing punctuation. Shakespeare citations have been silently regularized to "I, ii, 3" form. The Old English text was not checked for misprints.

Numbered Sections:

9 Note
to t.: #settan#, _to set_ [to t.]
39
NOTE.--Syncopation occurs as in masculine and neuter a-stems.
[_final . missing_]
41
sêo hâlignes[1], _holiness_. [_comma missing_]
95
for ðæ:m, } [_comma missing_]
104
corresponding with its function in Mn.E. [_final . missing_]
130
eard-ian, eard-ode ... [_first comma missing_]
131
NOTE 1. [NOTE. 1.]
132
hæf-de, lif-de, secg-an, [_all commas missing_]

Readings:

Poetry: Structure: Meter: Type B:
The type of B most frequently occurring is × × ´¯ | × ´¯.
[_final . missing_]

Beowulf: The Banquet in Heorot (page 138).
[8] = ealdre (instr. sing.). [_final . missing_]

Glossary:

âbûgan (§ 109, Note 1) [Note, 1]
dêofol, m., n., _devil_; [m. n.,]
intinga, m., _cause, sake_. [intinga.]
lagulâd, f., _sea_ [lake-way, lâd = _leading, direction, way_].
[_closing bracket printed as parenthesis_]
norðan (§ 93, (5)), _from the north_;
[_second closing parenthesis missing_]
sæ:l, m., f., _time, happiness_ [sil-ly]; [m. f.,]
sêfte, _more easily_ (comparative of sôfte).
[_closing parenthesis missing_]
Swêom, m., dat. pl., _the Swedes_. [_final . missing_]
tolûcan (§ 109, Note 1), _destroy_ ... [_section mark § missing_]
wið (§ 94, (3)), ... [_section mark § missing_]