Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber's Note:

Obvious typographical errors in the editor's text have been
corrected. Inconsistent or incorrect accents, spelling,
capitalization, and punctuation in the original documents and quotes
were left as printed.

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

On page 28, "aimable" should possibly be "amiable".
On page 40, "as taken umbrage" should possibly be "has taken
umbrage".
On page 58, "Chamley, of New Castle" should possibly be "Charnley
of Newcastle".
On page 100, "Mr. A." should possibly be "Mrs. A".
On page 233 "youself" should possibly be "yourself".
On page 418 "pp. 197*-204*" should possibly not have asterisks.
"£##" and "##£" are used interchangeably (with and without spacing.)
The same is true for "$##" and "##$".
"Major Glassel" (page 7) and "Major Classel" (page 24) appear to
be the same person.

Some references in the Index are incorrect.

No entry exists for "Coral snake".
The entry for "Audubon parentage and early names" is missing a
page reference.

AUDUBON
THE
NATURALIST

AFTER PORTRAIT BY GEORGE P. A. HEALY, 1838; ORIGINAL IN POSSESSION
OF THE BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY.]

AUDUBON
THE
NATURALIST

A HISTORY OF HIS LIFE AND TIME

BY
FRANCIS HOBART HERRICK, Ph.D., Sc.D.

PROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY IN WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY;
AUTHOR OF "THE HOME LIFE OF WILD BIRDS," ETC.

IN TWO VOLUMES
ILLUSTRATED

VOLUME II

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
NEW YORK LONDON
1917

COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

Printed in the United States of America

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II

CHAPTER XXVI

EXPLORATIONS IN FLORIDA AND THE SOUTH ATLANTIC

PAGE

Obituary published in London on day of his arrival in
New York—Assistance from the Government—John Bachman
becomes his friend—Winter in Charleston—His folios
as gifts—To Florida with two assistants—Letters to
Featherstonhaugh—St. Augustine—Misadventures in the
mud of East Florida—Audubon on Florida's future—At the
sources of the St. John's—Aboard the _Marion_—Return
from Key West—A merchant of Savannah—Disbanding of party
at Charleston 1

CHAPTER XXVII

EASTERN VISIT AND EXPLORATIONS IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC

Bachman's success as a canvasser—Boston visit—Journey to
Portland—Ascent of the St. John's—Return overland—Victor
Audubon becomes his father's agent—Winter in Boston—The
Golden Eagle—Stricken with illness—Expedition to
Labrador planned—American support—Sails from Eastport
with five assistants—Discoveries and adventures on the
Labrador—Safe return—Another winter in Charleston—Sued
for old debts—Experience with vultures—Advice and
instruction to a son—Working habits—Return to England 26

CHAPTER XXVIII

THORNS ON THE ROSE

Contributions to magazines—Attacked in
Philadelphia—Statement to Sully—The rattlesnake
episode—Behavior of a Philadelphia editor—Mistaken
identity in account of the reptile—Lesson of
the serpent's tooth—Audubon's long lost lily
rediscovered—"Nosarians and Anti-Nosarians"—Bachman and
Audubon on vultures—Aim of the critics—Authorship in
the _Biography_—His most persistent heckler—Pitfall of
analogy 67

CHAPTER XXIX

SIDELIGHTS ON AUDUBON AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES

What was a Quinarian?—Controversy over the authorship
of the _Ornithological Biography_—Audubon's quaint
proposal—Swainson's reply—Friendship suffers a
check—Species-mongers—Hitting at one over the
shoulders of another—Swainson as a biographer—His
career—Bonaparte's grievance—A fortune in
ornithology—Labors of John Gould and his relations with
Audubon—The freemasonry of naturalists 93

CHAPTER XXX

AUDUBON AND MACGILLIVRAY

In London once more—MacGillivray's assistance
continued—Return to Edinburgh—MacGillivray's character
and accomplishments—Audubon's acknowledgments—Tributes
of "Christopher North"—Results of overwork—Fusillades
from "Walton Hall"—Progress of the large plates 125

CHAPTER XXXI

THIRD AMERICAN TOUR, 1836-1837

In New York harbor—Collections from the Far
West—Audubon's efforts to secure them—Return to
Boston—Friendship of Daniel Webster—Renewed efforts to
obtain the Nuttall-Townsend collection—Expedition to the
west coast of Florida—Deferred governmental aid—Another
winter with Bachman—Overland journey to New Orleans—On
board the _Crusader_—Mistaken for pirates—With Harris
and his son explores the Gulf coast—The Republic of
Texas—Visit to its capital and president—Meeting in
Charleston—Marriage of his son—Their return to England 146

CHAPTER XXXII

AUDUBON'S GREATEST TRIUMPH

Extension of his work—Financial panic and revolt of
patrons—New western collections—His "book of Nature"
completed—Work on the letterpress in Edinburgh—Vacation
in the Highlands—Commissions to Harris—Parting
address to the reader—Dissolution of the Havell
engraving establishment—The residuum of _The Birds of
America_—Robert Havell, engraver, and his family—Lizars'
first edition and the Havell reissues of plates—Brief
manual for collectors—Appreciations—Total edition of
_The Birds of America_—Past and present prices—The
Rothschild incident 168

CHAPTER XXXIII

NEW ENTERPRISES AND LIFE AT "MINNIE'S LAND"

Settlement in New York—The _Birds_ in miniature,
and work on the _Quadrupeds_—Marriage of Victor
Audubon—Coöperation of Bachman in the _Quadrupeds_
secured—Prospectuses—History of the octavo edition
of the _Birds_—Baird's enthusiasm and efficient
aid—Parkman's Wren—Baird's visit to Audubon in New
York—"Look out for Martens," and wildcats—New home on
the Hudson—Godwin's pilgrimage to "Minnie's Land" in
1842 208

CHAPTER XXXIV

EXPEDITION TO THE UPPER MISSOURI

Ambitions at fifty-seven—Plans his last expedition
in the _rôle_ of naturalist—Credentials from public
men—Canvassing tour in Canada described—Baird's plans
to accompany Audubon west frustrated—Western expedition
begun—Ascent of the Missouri and Yellowstone—Discoveries
of new birds—A wilderness that howls—Buffalo
hunting—Passing of the great herds—Return from Fort
Union—Incident on the canal boat—Completion of the
octavo edition of the _Birds_ 239

CHAPTER XXXV

FINAL WORK DAYS

Painting the _Quadrupeds_—Assistance of Bachman and
Audubon's sons—Copper plates of the _Birds_ go through
the fire in New York—Audubon a spectator at the
ruins—Bachman's ultimatum—Success of the illustrations
of the _Quadrupeds_—Bachman's letterpress—Recommendation
of Baird—J. W. Audubon in London—Bachman's
assistants—His life and labors—Decline of Audubon's
powers—Dr. Brewer's visit—Audubon's last letters—His
death at "Minnie's Land" 261

CHAPTER XXXVI

AFTERWORD: AUDUBON'S FAMILY IN AMERICA

Bachman completes his text on the _Quadrupeds_—Victor
Audubon's success in canvassing—John Woodhouse
Audubon's family—New houses at "Minnie's Land"—Second
octavo edition of the _Birds_—Victor Audubon's illness
and death—Attempt to reissue _The Birds of America_
in America—The residual stock of this imperfect
edition—Death of John Woodhouse Audubon—His career
and work as an artist and field collector—Mrs. Audubon
resumes her old vocation—Fate of "Minnie's Land"—Death
of Mrs. Audubon—Her share in her husband's fame—Story
written on Audubon's original drawings—Fate of the
original copper plates of the _Birds_—A boy comes to the
rescue—"Minnie's Land" today—The "Cave"—A real "Audubon
Park" 291