Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: V (5)

[177] See "Original Account Book of J. J. Audubon"
(Bibl. No. 223), _The Nation_, vol. lxxxiv, from which
the following data regarding issues and sales of this
work are drawn. The total edition of the plates for
No. 2 was 1,345, and of No. 3, 1,339. No. 11 of the
plates was the first to run to 1,000 copies in the
first printing, and this issue was continued to No. 50,
inclusive, excepting Nos. 3, 28, 29, and 30, of which
1,500 seem to have been printed; the plates of these
numbers were done at the lithographic establishment
of Endicotts, New York, all others being the work of
J. T. Bowen, Philadelphia. When subscriptions began
to fall off with No. 51, the edition was reduced to
1,150, and again with No. 57, to 1,050, which remained
constant to No. 84, or as far as this record goes. Of
the text, printed by E. G. Dorsey, 1,200 copies formed
the first edition of No. 1, 1,000 copies that of No.
2, and of successive numbers to No. 23. With No. 24,
the edition was increased to 2,000, and in February,
1841, the earlier numbers were reprinted, thus forming
a second edition of these parts, and affording a chance
for correction of errors. (See Audubon's letter quoted
above.)

[178] See Ruthven Deane (Bibl. Nos. 47 and 49-51), _The
Auk_, vols. xxi, xxiii, and xxiv (1904-7), _Passim_; and
William H. Dall, _Spencer Fullerton Baird, a Biography_
(Bibl. No. 52) (1915); to these admirable accounts I am
indebted for such abstracts of this correspondence as
are here reproduced.

[179] See Vol. II, p. 169.

[180] See Note, Vol. II, p. 211.

[181] William Yarrell (1784-1856) was the author of _A
History of British Fishes_ (1835-36), and _A History of
British Birds_ (1839-43) in three volumes; the latter
has passed through several editions, the fourth and
best being by Alfred Newton in four volumes (1871-85).
For the favor of reproducing this letter, and another
by Yarrell given in Chapter XXXIV, I am indebted to Mr.
Ruthven Deane.

[182] See John E. Thayer (Bibl. No. 53), _The Auk_,
vol. xxxiii (1916). Mr. Thayer's Ornithological Museum
now contains the original specimen of Parkman's Wren,
to which Audubon refers; it is "mounted on a twig, in
a paper box with a glass front," and is "in excellent
condition."

[183] Baird wrote to Audubon, November 4, 1846: "Please
tell me the address of your friend Ayres. I have been
collecting fishes for some weeks, and wish to correspond
& exchange with him on this subject." A woodpecker,
_Colaptes ayresii_, was named after this friend by
Audubon, in _The Birds of America_, vol. vii, in 1843.

[184] Addressed to Messrs. Little & Brown, booksellers,
acknowledging the receipt of a check for $214.20.

[185] See Vol. I, p. 103.

[186] See Bibliography, No. 60.

[187] See Chapter XXXVI.

[188] Parke Godwin, _The Homes of American Authors_
(Bibl. No. 68) (1853).

[189] See Ruthven Deane (Bibl. No. 224), _The Auk_, vol.
xxv (1908).

[190] See C. L. Bachman, _John Bachman, D.D., LL.D.,
Ph.D_. (Bibl. No. 191), p. 199.

[191] See Vol. II, p. 144.

[192] See William H. Dall, _Spencer Fullerton Baird, a
Biography_ (Bibl. No. 52), pp. 88-91, for the complete
letters from which the preceding extracts have been
taken.

[193] See Maria R. Audubon, _Audubon and his Journals_
(Bibl. No. 86), vol. i, pp. 453-532, and vol. ii, pp.
1-196.

[194] Charles Winterfield (Bibl. No. 149), _The American
Review_, vol. i (1845); see also Charles W. Webber,
_Romance of Natural History_ (Bibl. No. 173) (1852).

[195] See Vol. II, p. 294.

[196] See Maria R. Audubon, _op. cit._, vol. ii, Note on
pp. 175-6.

[197] At the close of the Civil War, Bachman wrote to a
friend: "I had been a snuff-taker for forty years and I
had tried _three times_ to wean myself from the vice. I
have done it effectually now...."

[198] Bibliographical Appendix to _Birds of the Colorado
Valley_ (Bibl. No. 181).

[199] See Bibliography, Nos. 5-7.

[200] See C. L. Bachman, _John Bachman, D.D., LL.D.,
Ph.D._ (Bibl. No. 191).

[201] See Ruthven Deane (Bibl. No. 51), _The Auk_, vol.
xxiv (1907). To Mr. Deane I am indebted for Audubon's
copy of a letter to John Bachman, soon to follow; this
was written on several blank sheets at the end of his
"Copy of my Journal from Fort Union homeward. Commencing
(Sunday) Aug. 16th (1843) at 12 o'clock, the moment of
our departure."

[202] _The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America_
(Bibl. No. 6), vol. i, p. 312 (London, 1847).

[203] William H. Dall, _Spencer Fullerton Baird, a
Biography_ (Bibl. No. 52), p. 121.

[204] Charles Winterfield (Bibl. No. 150), _The American
Review_, vol. ii (1845).

[205] William H. Dall, _op. cit._, p. 124.

[206] Jeanes MSS. See Note, Vol. I, p. 180.

[207] For "C," meaning Alexander Culbertson, a young
Englishman, famous rider and shot, then in charge of
Fort Union at the mouth of the Yellowstone. Audubon,
with the assistance of Sprague, painted his portrait
and that of his wife, a Blackfoot Indian princess, who
also was noted for her skill in horsemanship. "I lost
the head of my first [buffalo] bull head," said Audubon,
"because I forgot to tell Mrs. Culbertson that I wished
to save it, and the princess had its skull broken open
to enjoy its brains. Handsome, and really courteous and
refined in many ways, I cannot reconcile myself to the
fact that she partakes of raw animal food, with such
evident relish." (Maria R. Audubon, _Audubon and his
Journals_, vol. ii, p. 111).

For previous and following extracts, see C. L. Bachman,
_op. cit._, p. 208.

[208] See William H. Dall, _op. cit._, pp. 130-2.

[209] _Ibid._, p. 126.

[210] _Ibid._, p. 129.

[211] Mrs. Harriet Bachman died in July, 1846, and
almost immediately a daughter was stricken with a fatal
disease; "It seizes," said the father, "with a deadly
hold, weakens the cords of life; and only relinquishes
its fatal grasp, when life is extinct." (See C. L.
Bachman, _op. cit._)

[212] New York City furnished (for vol. i) 82
subscribers, who took 86 copies; Philadelphia, 33;
Boston, 27 (28 copies); and Baltimore, 15. In 1854
Victor Audubon obtained 129 subscribers for the second
edition (published with reduced plates) in three days.

[213] For this and the following extract, see Ruthven
Deane (Bibl. No. 51), _loc. cit._, p. 65.

[214] In the summer of 1846 Baird's nominal position in
Dickinson College had been changed to an active one by
his election to a professorship of chemistry and natural
history, and his marriage had followed in August. The
college had about one hundred students enrolled at that
time, and the grammar, or preparatory, school attached
to it, about half as many more. See Ruthven Deane (Bibl.
No. 51), _The Auk_, vol. xxiv, p. 65 (1907).

[215] For this and the two following letters, see
_ibid._, pp. 66-69.

[216] William H. Dall, _op. cit._, which see also for
preceding extract.

[217] See Vol. II, p. 275; and Bibliography, No. 6.

[218] This hastily written note, possibly a duplicate
of the one actually sent, was inserted in a copy of _The
Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America_ (vol. i, London,
1847) which I purchased in London, August, 1913, and
which bore this inscription, in autograph, on the title:

J. E. GRAY.
from J W. AUDUBON
with grateful Recolections
May 4, 1847.

[219] Her assistance to Audubon was recognized in
his dedication to her of "Maria's Woodpecker," _Picus
martinæ_ (see _Ornithological Biography_ vol. v, p.
181).

[220] See C. L. Bachman, _op. cit_., p. 270.

[221] Miss Eliza Mallory, who in 1874 was living in the
Victor Audubon house.

[222] See C. L. Bachman, _op. cit._, p. 391. John
Bachman died at Charleston, February 24, 1874.

[223] See Vol. II, p. 150.

[224] See Bibliography, No. 79.

[225] See Vol. II, p. 279.

[226] See Ruthven Deane, _loc. cit._, p. 70.

[227] See William H. Dall, _op. cit._, p. 155.

[228] For this and the following letter, see C. L.
Bachman, _op. cit._, p. 274.

[229] See C. L. Bachman, _John Bachman, D.D., LL.D.,
Ph.D._ (Bibl. No. 191), p. 276. The suggestion made
to Mr. Harris was adopted, which accounts for the six
colored plates inserted in the third volume of the
text; the "Large Work" referred to the folio plates with
accompanying text, the "Small," to the first composite
edition of both text and plates; see Bibliography, Nos.
5-7.

[230] See C. L. Bachman, _op. cit._, p. 278.

[231] John W. Audubon's children by Maria Bachman were:
(1) Lucy Audubon (Mrs. De Lancey Barclay Williams),
1838-1909; (2) Harriet Bachman Audubon, 1839- ; by
Caroline Hall, who died in 1899: (3) John James Audubon,
1842 (lived one day); (4) Maria Rebecca Audubon, 1843- ;
(5) John James Audubon, 1845-1893; (6) William Bakewell
Audubon, 1847- , who emigrated to Australia, where he
engaged in sheep-raising, and has two children, Leonard
Benjamin and Eleanor Caroline Audubon; Leonard Audubon,
who is twenty-nine, is now fighting for France in the
55th Battalion of the Australian contingent; as I have
been recently informed by his aunt, he has been almost
constantly on the fighting front since August, 1916,
and in the spring of 1917 he was promoted from the ranks
"on account of great bravery under unusual conditions;"
if still living, William Audubon and his son are the
sole male representatives of the American branch of
the Audubon family; (7) Jane Audubon, 1849-1853; (8)
Florence Audubon, 1853- ; (9) Benjamin Phillips Audubon,
1855-1886.

Victor G. Audubon had six children by his second wife,
Georgiana R. Mallory, who died in 1882; (1) Mary Eliza
Audubon, 1845- ; (2) Rose Audubon, 1846-1879; (3) Victor
Gifford Audubon, 1847-1915; (4) Delia Talman (Mrs.
Morris Frank Tyler), 1849- ; (5) Lucy Bakewell Audubon,
1851-1898; and (6) Anne Gordon Audubon, 1854-1907.

[232] See Vol. II, p. 267.

[233] Due, it was believed, to a fall into the "well"
(now guarded by an iron rail), which led to a basement
window of his house, though one who knew John W. Audubon
well, said that Victor's illness resulted from a fall
from a railroad train; see Jacob Pentz (Bibl. No. 81),
_Shooting and Fishing_, May 11, 1893.

[234] Maria R. Audubon, in biographical memoir of her
father in _Audubon's Western Journal_, 1849-1850 (Bibl.
No. 219).

[235] For fuller details, see Bibliography, No. 9, and
for Prospectus of this work, Appendix III, No. 3.

[236] For conflicting accounts of this text, see
Bibliography, No. 10, and for a definitive statement,
Appendix III, No. 3. Miss Maria R. Audubon has told me
that during the War, the Bien firm issued a patriotic
poster, showing an eagle, taken from one of her
grandfather's original drawings, and the American flag;
it was thought that a large number of copies were sold.

[237] Maria R. Audubon, _op. cit._

[238] Maria R. Audubon, _Audubon and his Journals_
(Bibl. No. 86), vol. i, p. 380.

[239] See William MacGillivray, _A Memorial Tribute to
William MacGillivray_ (Bibl. No. 211), p. 40.

[240] See Bibliography, Nos. 174 and 219.

[241] See Bibliography, No. 54.

[242] Jacob Pentz (Bibl. No. 81), _loc. cit._

[243] See Bibliography, No. 219.

[244] See Chapter I.

[245] Charles Augustus Stoddard; for his memorial
sermon, see Bibliography, No. 178. In the absence of the
rector of the Church of the Intercession, the pastor of
the Washington Heights Presbyterian Church was called to
officiate at the funeral of Mrs. J. J. Audubon, June 22,
1874.

[246] For the privilege of examining this unique
collection I am indebted to the courtesy of the Society,
and of its librarian, Mr. Kelby.

[247] Ruthven Deane (Bibl. No. 225), _The Auk_, vol. xxv
(1908).

[248] At that time the American Museum of Natural
History, New York, possessed nine; the Smithsonian
Institution, six; Princeton University, four; Wesleyan
University, Middletown, Connecticut, one, while the
remainder were in private hands.

[249] For the substance of this paragraph, I am indebted
to the Report of the _American Scenic and Historic
Preservation Society_, New York, 1913.

[250] See Mrs. Horace St. John, _Audubon, the Naturalist
of the New World_ (Bibl. No. 71), New York, 1856.

[251] See Valentine's _Manual of the City of New York_,
New York, 1865.

[252] On October 30, 1847, Bachman wrote John and Victor
Audubon that he proposed to visit them in the following
May, when he would leave his two daughters with them
awhile, "to hear you and Victor grumble about that
eye-sore of a railroad, and to enjoy your good company,
and your fish and shrimps."

[253] To Mr. Jesse Benedict.

[254] Mr. Charles F. Stone, whose sister was an artist.

[255] For probable meaning of this term, see Note, Vol.
I, p. 54.

[256] Or acariasis, an affection of the skin caused by
the mange-mite, _Demodex folliculorum_, a microscopic
arachnid parasite found in the sebaceous glands of dog
and man.

[257] A skin disease to which negroes in Central America
are specially prone.

[258] See Vol. I, p. 54.