Chapter XXIV: Appendix: V (1)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Besides the published writings of Audubon, I have included in this Bibliography such references to his life and times as occur in the text or which possess some degree of merit; all other important literary and historical authorities are cited in footnotes to the text. The titles appear in a single numerical series, but the arrangement under each head is strictly chronological. All references to this list in the text are indicated usually by title, with the name of the author, and always by Arabic numerals, in correspondence with the series which follows. If some chaff has been admitted to this garner, no corn, I hope, has been thrown into the fire.

a. Principal Works

1. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

_The Birds of America_, from Original Drawings by John James
Audubon, Fellow of the Royal Societies of London & Edinburgh and
of the Linnæan & Zoölogical Societies of London, Member of the
Natural History Society of Paris, of the Lyceum of New York, &c.
&c. &c. 4 vols. colored plates, double elephant folio. Published
by the Author. London, 1827-1838.

Issued without text, titles excepted, to subscribers, in 87 Numbers of 5 plates each, or 435 copper-plate engravings, colored by hand, and representing 1,065 life-size figures of 489 supposedly distinct species of birds. Titles the same, except that in volumes II-IV, after "New York," in list of societies following author's name, is added, "of the Philosophical Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia." Begun at Edinburgh in autumn of 1826, and completed in London, June 20, 1838.

A more detailed citation is:

Vol. I. Parts 1-22, pll. i- cx, 1827-30.
Vol. II. Parts 23-44, pll. cxi- ccxx, 1831-34.
Vol. III. Parts 45-66, pll. ccxxi- cccxxx, 1834-35.
Vol. IV. Parts 67-87, pll. cccxxxi-ccccxxxv, 1835-38.

More exact data on publication of individual plates are:

1827 pll. 1- 25
1828 pll. 26- 50
1829 pll. 51- 75
1830 pll. 76-100
1831 pll. 101(?)-125
1832 pll. 126-155(?)
1833 pll. 156-185
1834 pll. 186-235
1835 pll. 236-285
1836 pll. 286-350
1837 pll. 351-400
1838 pll. 400[401]-435

The first ten plates were executed by William Home Lizars, Edinburgh, 1826-7, but were later retouched or reëngraved (?) by Robert Havell, Junior, who produced all the rest in London; printed on Whatman's drawing paper, size (untrimmed), 39½ x 29½ inches, and colored after the originals. A considerable number of the plain plates were dispersed, and at least one complete set exists in this state (see Note, Chapter XXVI, Vol. II, p. 7, and also Chapter XXXII, Vol. II, p. 190); scientific and common names, with legends of author and engraver, and eventually the date of publication, were given on each plate. Issued to subscribers at two guineas a Part, and sold in Europe at £182, 14s; in America, at $1,000. The Turkey Cock (Plate No. 1) now brings upwards of $140, and perfect sets upwards of $4,000, according to binding and state. Total number of original sets probably did not exceed 190 or 200.

2. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. SS. L. & E. [with list of societies]:

_Ornithological Biography_, or an account of the habits of
the Birds of the United States of America; accompanied by
descriptions of the objects represented in the work entitled
_The Birds of America_, and interspersed with delineations
of American scenery and manners. 5 vols. roy. 8vo. Edinburgh,
1831-1839.

Vol. I (original ed.). Preface dated "March 1831." Pp. i-xxiv,
1-512, and 1-16, including "Prospectus," "Contents" to Vol.
I, and names of subscribers to _The Birds of America_. Text
to accompany plates i-c of the large folio. Adam Black, 55
North Bridge (with names of agents; Neill & Co. Printers, Old
Fishmarket), Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXI.

Vol. I (American reprint). Pagination the same. Judah Dobson,
Agent, 108 Chestnut St., and H. H. Porter, Literary Rooms, 121
Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MDCCCXXXI. Copyright by R. Harlan,
M.D., 1831. Printed by James Kay, Jun. & Co., Printers to the
American Philosophical Society, No. 4 Minor St.

Vol. I (American reprint). The same, but bearing the imprint of E.
L. Carey and A. Hart, Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MDCCCXXXV.

Vol. II (original ed.). Preface dated "1st December 1834." Pp.
i-xxxii, 1-588. Text of plates ci-cc. Adam and Charles Black.
Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXIV.

Vol. II (American reprint). The same, but with imprint of
Hilliard, Gray, and Company. Boston, MDCCCXXXV.

Vol. III (original and only ed., as are IV and V). Preface dated
"1st December 1835." Pp. i-xvi, 1-638, with 9 woodcuts. Text to
plates cci-ccc. Same imprint as Vol. II. Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXV.

Vol. IV. Preface dated "1st November 1838." Pp. i-xxviii, 1-618.
Text to plates ccci-ccclxxxvii. Imprint, the same. Edinburgh,
MDCCCXXXVIII.

Vol. V. Preface dated "1st May 1839." Pp. i-xl, 1-664, with 98
woodcuts. Text to plates ccclxxxviii-ccccxxxv. Same imprint.
Edinburgh, MDCCCXXXIX.

According to Stone, 5 species recognized in the folio are suppressed in the "Biography"; 26 new names are given, and 502 species are recognized, but as 11 were more or less hypothetical, 491 remain in supposedly good standing.

3. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. SS. L. & E. Member of various scientific
associations in Europe and America:

_A Synopsis of the Birds of North America._ Pp. i-xi, 1-359. 8vo.
Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh; Longman, Rees, Brown, Green and
Longman, London. MDCCCXXXIX.

A methodical index to the birds of America, with special reference to the large folio plates and _Ornithological Biography_; 45 families and 139 genera are defined; 5 new names are added, making the total number of recognized species 491.

4. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. SS. L. & E. (&c., &c.):

_The Birds of America_ from Drawings made in the United States and
its Territories. 7 vols. of text and plates, roy. 8vo. Published
by the Author and J. B. Chevalier. New York and Philadelphia,
1840-1844.

The "_Birds_ in Miniature," or first octavo edition of text and plates combined; issued to subscribers in 100 Parts, each with 5 lithographic colored plates, at $1.00 a Part.

Vol. I. Parts 1-14; pll. 1-70; pp. i-viii, 9-256. 1840.
Vol. II. Parts 15-28; pll. 71-140; pp. i-viii, 9-206. 1841.
Vol. III. Parts 29-42; pll. 141-210; pp. i-viii, 9-236. 1841.
Vol. IV. Parts 43-56; pll. 211-280; pp. i-viii, 9-324. 1842.
Vol. V. Parts 57-70; pll. 281-350; pp. i-viii, 9-348. 1842.
Vol. VI. Parts 71-84; pll. 251[351]-420; pp. i-viii, 9-460. 1843.
Vol. VII. Pts. 85-100; pll. 421-500; pp. i-x, 9[11]-374. 1844.

In this "miniature" edition, the "delineations of American scenery and manners" are omitted, the text revised, and the nomenclature made to conform with the _Synopsis_; the plates of the large folio were broken up, and their accessories reduced, so that but one species appears on each; 7 species, described in the _Biography_ and _Synopsis_ are figured for the first time in an Appendix, in which also appear 17 species that had been neither figured nor described before, thus bringing the total number of birds represented on the octavo plates to 500; four of the largest birds receive two plates each, thus leaving the number of distinct species figured at 496, while the 12 species herein described brings the total number of species recognized by Audubon in 1844 to 508. The plates of this edition are rearranged and renumbered to conform with the new arrangement of the text, which was considerably improved. The series begins with the California Vulture, and ends with Baird's Bunting.

Vols. I-V were published by J. J. Audubon, New York, and simultaneously issued by J. B. Chevalier, Philadelphia; Vols. VI-VII, published by J. J. Audubon, 77 Williams St., New York, and 34 North First St., Philadelphia.

The Numbers or Parts were issued in blue paper covers, or drab when without plates (7 x 11 inches), on which were printed the "Prospectus," lists of subscribers and agents, besides other information which the author wished to convey to his patrons. The printer's legend at the right lower corner reads: "Lithd. Printed & Cold. by J. T. Bowen, Philada." Parts in original covers are extremely rare; a set in this condition was offered in 1914 at $750.

5. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, and BACHMAN, REV. JOHN:

_The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America._ 2 vols. of 150
lithographic, colored plates; imp. folio. Published by J. J.
Audubon, New York, 1845-1846.

Vol. I. Parts 1-15, pll. 1-75, 1845.
Vol. II. Parts 16-30, pll. 76-150, 1846.

Issued to subscribers in 30 Parts of 5 plates each, size 28 x 22 inches, at $10 a part, or $300, without text except titles, tables of contents, and names on plates; 76 of the originals by J. J. Audubon, and 74 by J. W. Audubon, assisted by V. G. Audubon. Author's and printer's legends read: "Drawn from Nature by J. J. Audubon, F. R. S. F. L. S.," and "Lith. Printed & Cold. by J. T. Bowen, Phila. 1842[-1845]."

6. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. S. (&c., &c.), and BACHMAN, REV. JOHN, D.
D. (&c., &c.):

_The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America._ 3 vols., roy. 8vo.
Published by J. J. Audubon and V. G. Audubon, New York, 1846-1854.

Issued to subscribers, as text to foregoing:

Vol. I. Pp. i-xvi, 1-390. Text only. Published by J. J. Audubon,
New York, 1846.

Vol. I (European ed.). The same as foregoing with imprint of Wiley
& Putnam, London, 1847.

Vol. II. Pp. 1-336. Text only. Published by V. G. Audubon, 1851.

Vol. III. Pp. i-vi, 1-350. Text, with 6 colored plates. Published
by V. G. Audubon, 1854.

7. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. S. (&c., &c.), and BACHMAN, REV. JOHN, D.
D. (&c., &c.):

_The Quadrupeds of North America_ [in "Miniature"]. 3 vols., roy.
8vo., with 155 colored plates. Published by V. G. Audubon, New
York, 1854.

Vol. I. Nos. 1-10, pll. i-l, pp. i-viii, 1-384.
Vol. II. Nos. 11-20, pll. li-c, pp. 1-334.
Vol. III. Nos. 21-31, pll. ci-clv, pp. i-vi, 1-348.

First and only edition of the text and plates reduced to octavo size; most of the plates lithographed, printed and colored by J. T. Bowen. In Vol. I the introduction is cut down, the list of subscribers omitted, and tables of contents and genera placed at end; Vol. II is same as first edition, with omission of subscribers' lists; Vol. III same as in first edition, except for omission of table of genera at back. All plates in Vol. I, and 28 in Vol. II, or 78 in all, are by J. J. Audubon, and 77 are by J. W. Audubon.

8. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. S. (&c., &c.):

_The Birds of America_, from Drawings made in the United States
and their Territories. Vols. I-VII, roy. 8vo. Published by V. G.
Audubon, New York, 1856.

The second octavo edition of the _Birds_, with 500 plates, published without change, except in pagination. The portrait of Audubon, which appears in this or in some of the later editions, was engraved by H. B. Hall after the painting by Henry Inman.

9. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

_The Birds of America_; from Original Drawings by John James
Audubon, Fellow of the Royal Societies of London & Edinburgh, &c.,
&c., &c. Reissued by J. W. Audubon. 1 vol. of 106 double elephant
folio plates, in chromolithography, by J. Bien, 180 Broadway,
representing 151 of the original copper plates. Roe Lockwood &
Son, Publishers. New York, 1860.

The only (and partial) reissue of the original folio; plates, in many instances double, renumbered to correspond with the octavo edition, with backgrounds often simplified or changed, and much inferior to the original hand-colored engravings; the plates are dated "1858" or "1859." Checked by the Civil War, the residual stock of plates found a ready sale thirty years later. Citation from copy in the Public Library, New York City. (See Appendix III, Document No. 3).

10. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

_The Birds of America_, from Drawings made in the United States
and their Territories, by John James Audubon, F. R. S., &c., &c.
Reissued by J. W. Audubon. Vols. I-VII, roy. 8vo. Text only. Roe
Lockwood & Son, Publishers. New York, 1861. Vol. I, pp. i-viii,
11-246; Vol. II, pp. i-viii, 11-200; Vol. III, pp. i-viii, 9-234;
Vol. IV, pp. i-viii, 9-322; Vol. V, pp. i-viii, 9-346; Vol. VI,
pp. i-viii, 2-456; Vol. VII (not seen).

Issued as the letterpress of the imperfect folio (see No. 9) described above. According to Sabin, quoted by Coues (see No. 181 of this Bibliography), only 4 royal octavo volumes of this text was issued; the present citation is from the 6 volumes in the Public Library of New York; all are without plates, and it should be noted that Vols. I and II, and III and IV are bound as _two_ volumes. In 1914 a set of this edition, in seven volumes, bound in cloth, was advertised by a bookseller in New York at $40. (See Appendix III, Document No. 3).

11. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

_The Birds of America_ ... Reissued by J. W. Audubon, in 7 vols.,
imper. 8vo., with 500 colored plates, 10 x 7 inches. Roe Lockwood
& Son. New York, 1861.

Third complete octavo edition, to be distinguished from the 7 vols. (No. 10) referred to above, and the V. G. Audubon reissue of 1856 (No. 8). Reference partly from Coues.

12. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

_The Birds of North America_: a popular and scientific description
of the Birds of the United States and their Territories. New
edition. New York, 1863.

Not seen, but given on the authority of Coues.

13. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

_The Birds of America_ ... 8 vols. 8vo. New York, 1865.

According to Coues, a later edition of J. W. Audubon's reissue of 1861, but in 8 instead of 7 volumes.

14. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, F. R. S. (&c., &c.):

_The Birds of America_, from drawings made in the United States
and their Territories. Vols. I-VIII, imper. 8vo. George R.
Lockwood, late Roe Lockwood & Son, 812 Broadway, New York. No
date. (1871.) Vol. I, pp. i-viii, i-xv (memoir), 11-246, pll.
1-70; Vol. II, pp. i-vii, 11-199, pll. 71-140; Vol. III, pp.
i-viii, 9-233, pll. 141-210; Vol. IV, pp. i-viii, 9-321, pll.
211-280; Vol. V, pp. i-viii, 9-346, pll. 281-250; Vol. VI, pp.
i-vii, 9-298, pll. 351-394; Vol. VII, pp. i-vii, 9-285, pll.
395-440; Vol. VIII, pp. i-viii, 9-256, pll. 441-500. (Pagination
taken from Coues.)

Sixth and last complete octavo edition of text and plates, being a reissue of the 1865 edition. In the biography, signed "G. R. L[ockwood]., 1870," it is stated that Jean Audubon died "at Rochefort on the Loire [_sic_], where he had a large estate" at the age of ninety-five, and that J. J. Audubon was born on his father's plantation at New Orleans in 1780. This memoir was issued separately as an advertising pamphlet by J. L. Sibole ("Fine Book Dealer, 109 So. 15th. Street, New York"), to exploit the octavo editions of the _Birds_ and _Quadrupeds_ (pp. 1-15, paper cover, no date).

b. Minor Papers and Reprints

15. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"On the Hirundo fulva of Vieillot." _Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural History of New York_, vol. i, pp. 163-166. New York, 1824.

16. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Facts and Observations connected with the permanent residence of
swallows in the United States." _Annals of the Lyceum of Natural
History of New York_, vol. i, pp. 166-168. New York, 1824.

17. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES (a citizen of the United States):

"Account of the Habits of the Turkey Buzzard (_Vultur aura_)
particularly with the view of exploding the opinion generally
entertained of its extraordinary power of Smelling." In a letter
to Professor Jameson. [Note.] This communication was originally
intended to be sent to a friend unacquainted with the habits
of birds—J. J. A. _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. 2
(Oct.-Apr.), pp. 172-184. Edinburgh, 1826-1827. Dated "Edinburgh,
Dec. 7, 1826."

18. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Observations on the Natural History of the Alligator." In a
letter to Sir William Jardine, Baronet, &c. _Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal_, vol. 2, (Oct.-April), pp. 270-280.
Edinburgh, 1826-1827.

Gives the first account of the nesting habits of the American alligator.

19. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Account of the Carrion Crow or Vultur atratus." _Edinburgh
Journal of Science_, vol. vi (Nov.-April), pp. 156-161. Edinburgh,
1826-1827.

Notices the nesting and other habits, and maintains that this species, like the Turkey Buzzard, is guided to its food by sight and not by smell.

20. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Notes on the Habits of the Wild Pigeon of America, Columba
migratoria." _Edinburgh Journal of Science_, vol. vi (Nov.-April),
pp. 256-265. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.

Read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, February 19, 1827.

21. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Notes on the Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), in a letter
addressed to Thomas Stuart Traill, M. D., &c." _Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal_, vol. 3 (April-Oct.), pp. 21-30. Edinburgh,
1827.

Read before the Wernerian Society of Natural History, February 24, 1827. Reproduced in _Journal of the Franklin Institute and American Mechanics' Magazine_, vol. ii, N. S., pp. 32-37. Philadelphia, 1828. Later repudiated by the editor; see Thomas P. Jones, "The Romance of the Rattlesnake," No. 93 of this Bibliography.

22. AUDUBON, J. J.:

"Account of the Method of Drawing Birds employed by J. J. Audubon,
Esq., F. R. S. E." In a letter to a friend. _Edinburgh Journal of
Science_, vol. viii, pp. 48-54. Edinburgh, 1828.

22a. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Journey up the Mississippi." _The Winter's Wreath_ for 1829, pp.
104-127. Liverpool and Philadelphia, 1828.

23. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Notes on the Bird of Washington—(Falco Washingtonia) or Great
American Sea Eagle" (with figure). _Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History_, vol. i, pp. 115-120. London, 1828-1829.

Dated "London, April, 1828."

24. AUDUBON, JOHN J.:

"The Flood of the Mississippi." _Edinburgh Literary Journal._
February, 1831, pp. 140-142.

See "Episode" entitled "A Flood," _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.

25. AUDUBON, J. J.:

"An Account of the Habits of the American Goshawk (Falco
palumbarius, Wils.)." In a letter to Sir William Jardine, Bart.
_Edinburgh Journal of Natural and Geographical Science_, vol. 3
(March), pp. 145-147. Edinburgh, 1831.

26. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Improvements in the Navigation of the Mississippi." _Edinburgh
Literary Journal_, March 26, 1831, pp. 194-195.

See _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.

27. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Hunting the Cougar, or the American Lion." _Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal_, vol. 11, pp. 103-115. Edinburgh, 1831.

See "The Cougar," _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i. "It having been remarked, and rather sharply, that in our article on 'Audubon's Ornithological Biography,' we have overrated that gentleman's talents, we, in our own vindication, and as proofs of Audubon's descriptive powers, submit to the judgment of our readers the above sketch, taken at random from his work." (Editor's note.)

28. AUDUBON, J. J.:

"Account of a Hurricane in North America." _Edinburgh New
Philosophical Journal_, vol. 12 (Oct.-April), pp. 278-281.
Edinburgh, 1831-1832.

See "The Hurricane," _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.

29. AUDUBON, J. J.:

"The Ohio." _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. 12, pp.
122-126. Edinburgh, 1832.

See the same, _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.

30. AUDUBON, J. J., and BACHMAN, REV. JOHN, D. D.:

"Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds inhabiting North
America." _Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences_, vol. viii,
pt. ii, pp. 280-329. Philadelphia, 1839-1842.

Read, Oct. 5, 1841.

31. AUDUBON, J. J., and BACHMAN, J.:

"Descriptions of New Species of Quadrupeds inhabiting North
America." _Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences_, vol.
i (Oct., 1841), pp. 92-103. Philadelphia, 1843.

32. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, and BACHMAN, JOHN:

"Description of a new North American Fox, genus Vulpes, Cuv.,
(Utah)." _Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences_, vol.
vi, pp. 114-116. Philadelphia, 1852-1853.

33. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Earthquake in Kentucky." Reproduced in _Magazine of American
History_, vol. 16, pp. 342-344, with portrait. New York, 1886.

See "The Earthquake," _Ornithological Biography_, vol. i.

c. Epistolary Articles

34. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES:

"Letter to the Editor" (No. 1). Dated "St. Augustine, East
Florida, Dec. 7, 1831." _Monthly American Journal of Geology and
Natural Science_, vol. i, pp. 358-363. Philadelphia, 1832.

35. AUDUBON, J. J.:

"Letter from J. J. Audubon to the Editor" (No. 2). Dated
"Bulowville, East Florida, December 31, 1831." _Monthly American
Journal of Geology and Natural Science_, vol. i, pp. 407-414.
Philadelphia, 1832.

36. AUDUBON, J. J.:

"Letter to the Editor" (No. 3). _Monthly American Journal
of Geology and Natural Science_, vol. i (June), pp. 529-537.
Philadelphia, 1832.

37. AUDUBON, J. J.:

"Letter from J. J. Audubon to William MacGillivray." _Edinburgh
Journal of Natural History_, vol. i (for Dec., 1838), p. 171.
Edinburgh, 1835-1839.

Dated, "On board the Crusader, Cote Blanche, 18 April, 1837."

d. Translations

38. BAZIN, EUGÈNE:

_Scènes de la Nature dans les Etats-Unis et le Nord de
l'Amérique._ Ouvrage traduit d'Audubon, avec Preface et Notes du
Traducteur. T. 1-2, pp. 1-460, 1-512. 8vo. Paris, 1857.

Selections from the _Ornithological Biography_, with Introduction; dedicated to Charles Lucien Bonaparte.

39. (ANON.):

"Drei Ziegenmelker Nordamerika's." _Naumannia: Archiv für die
Ornithologie, vorzugsweise Europas_, herausg. von E. Baldamus, pp.
158-163. Stuttgart und Leipzig, 1858.

e. Autobiography

40. AUDUBON, MARIA R.:

"Audubon's Story of his Youth." _Scribner's Magazine_, vol. xiii,
pp. 267-287, illust. New York, 1893.

First appearance of autobiographical sketch, entitled, "Myself, J. J. Audubon." Reproduced also in _Audubon and his Journals_ (see No. 86), vol. i.

f. Journals

41. DEANE, RUTHVEN:

"Extracts from an Unpublished Journal of John James Audubon." _The
Auk_, vol. xxi, pp. 334-338. Cambridge, 1904.

Including entries for fourteen days, extending from October 12, 1820, to November 25, 1821.

42. (ANON.):

"A Story of Meadville from John J. Audubon, F. R. S., August 28,
1824." Pamphlet (in blue paper cover), pp. 1-4. Dated April 9th,
1846.

An early version, taken from the original journal, and probably given by Audubon himself to some of his friends, possibly Spencer F. Baird, who visited him in both early and late April of this year. For passages not since reproduced, see Vol. I, p. 341. Citation from copy in the Public Library, New York City.

For fuller journal records, see _Audubon and his Journals_ (No. 86), including "European Journals," (1826-1827), vol. i, pp. 79-242; the "Labrador Journal," 1833, vol. i, pp. 343-446; and the "Missouri River Journals," 1843, vol. i, pp. 447-532, and vol. ii, pp. 1-196.

g. Familiar Letters

43. COUES, ELLIOTT:

"Behind the Veil." _Bulletin Nuttall Ornithological Club_, vol. v,
pp. 193-204. Cambridge, 1880.

Gives interesting letters by Audubon and MacGillivray, which are reproduced in the present work.

44. GORDON, MRS.:

_"Christopher North": A Memoir of John Wilson._ New York, 1894.

For letter of J. J. Audubon to J. Wilson, no date [Jany. 1, 1836], see pp. 363-364.

45. SHUFELDT, R. W., and AUDUBON, M. R.:

"The Last Portrait of Audubon, together with a Letter to his Son."
_The Auk_, vol. xi, pp. 309-313. New York, 1894.

46. RHOADS, S. N.:

"Auduboniana," _The Auk_, vol. xx, pp. 377-383. Cambridge, 1903.

Gives three letters to Edward Harris, partly reproduced in the present work.

47. DEANE, RUTHVEN:

"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird,"
_The Auk_, vol. xxi, pp. 255-259. Cambridge, 1904.

First installment.

48. DEANE, RUTHVEN:

(a) "A Hitherto Unpublished Letter of John James Audubon," _The
Auk_, vol. xxii, pp. 170-171. Cambridge, 1905.

(b) See also "An Unpublished Letter of John James Audubon to his
Family," _The Auk_, vol. xxv, pp. 166-169. Cambridge, 1908.

49. DEANE, RUTHVEN:

"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird,"
I, _The Auk_, vol. xxiii, pp. 194-209. Cambridge, 1906.

Second installment.

50. DEANE, RUTHVEN:

"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird,"
II, _The Auk_, vol. xxiii, pp. 318-334. Cambridge, 1906.

Third installment.

51. DEANE, RUTHVEN:

"Unpublished Letters of John James Audubon and Spencer F. Baird,"
III, _The Auk_, vol. xxiv, pp. 53-70. Cambridge, 1907.

Fourth installment.

52. DALL, WILLIAM HEALEY:

_Spencer Fullerton Baird: A Biography._ Pp. i-xvi, 1-462. 8vo. 19
illust. Philadelphia and London, 1915.

Reproduces eighteen letters of Audubon to Baird, dating from June 13, 1840, to February 11, 1847.

53. THAYER, JOHN E.:

"Auduboniana," _The Auk_, vol. xxxiii, pp. 115-118, 4 plates.
Cambridge, 1916.

Reproduces four original water-color drawings, and two letters addressed to Dr. George Parkman, dated "New York, June 20th," and "August 13th 1841."

54. GRINNELL, GEORGE BIRD:

"Some Audubon Letters," _The Auk_, vol. xxxiii, pp. 119-130.
Cambridge, 1916.

Gives two letters written to Victor G. Audubon from New York, April 28 and Sept. 9, 1833.

* * * * *

See also _Caledonian Mercury_, November 3, 1831, for letter to Joseph B. Kidd (No. 163), Brewer (No. 79), Bachman (No. 191), Günther (No. 204), Deane (No. 225), and Alexander Bliss, in _Autograph Leaves of our Country's Authors_, for facsimile letter of Audubon to Thomas Sully, dated "Manchester (England), Sept. 16, 1826" (Baltimore, 1864).

h. Biographies

55. CHRISTOPHER NORTH (JOHN WILSON):

"Noctes Ambrosianae," No. XXX, _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine_,
vol. xxi (Jan.), pp. 112-105 (_sic_). Edinburgh, 1827.

56. (ANON.):

"Biographical Sketch of John James Audubon," with portrait
(drawn and engraved by J. Brown); insert in G. Cuvier and P. A.
Latreille, _The Animal Kingdom_, vol. i, pp. 197*-204*. London,
1830.

57. LANDER, SIR THOMAS DICK, BART., and BROWN, CAPT. THOMAS:

_Biographical Sketch_, with engravings by Joseph B. Kidd. Pp. i-x,
1-184, 16mo. Edinburgh, 1833.

Mainly extracted from vol. i of the _Ornithological Biography_; refers to the false rumor of Audubon's death in October, 1831, and to his plan of forming a Gallery of Paintings in Natural History, started in association with Kidd.

58. (ANON.):

"Biographical Sketch of J. J. Audubon." _Miscellany of Natural
History_, vol. i. 1833.

Not seen.

59. DUNLAP, WILLIAM:

_History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the
United States._ 2 vols. New York, 1834. For John James Audubon,
see vol. ii, pp. 402-408.

60. (ANON.) GODWIN, PARKE:

"John James Audubon." _United States Magazine and Democratic
Review_, N. S., vol. x, pp. 436-450. New York, 1842.

See also _Out of the Past; Critical and Literary Papers_, pp. 89-110 (New York, 1870), and _Homes of American Authors_; for the last, see No. 68.

61. GRISWOLD, RUFUS W.:

_The Prose Writers of America_, article "Audubon." Philadelphia,
1847.

62. LESTER, C. EDWARDS (editor):

_The Gallery of Illustrious Americans_, containing the Portraits
and Biographical Sketches of Twenty-four of the most eminent
Citizens of the American Republic since the death of Washington.
Plates from daguerreotypes by Brady; engraved by D'Avignon.
Published from 205 Broadway, New York, by G. P. Putnam, D.
Appleton & Company, and C. S. Francis & Company. New York, 1850.

Issued in 24 Parts. For John James Audubon, see Part No. 7; reproduced in Spooner's _Biographical History of the Fine Arts_, vol. i, pp. 53-55 (New York, 1867). See also No. 196.

63. PHILARÈTE-CHASLES:

_Etudes sur la Littérature et les Moeurs des Anglo-Américains au
xixe siècle._ Pp. i-viii, 1-516. Paris, 1851. See "Audubon. Le
Voyageur et le Naturaliste," pp. 68-106.

An excellent review by an experienced French critic and author, who appears to have met Audubon and to have attended one of his exhibitions in Edinburgh.

64. (ANON.) THORPE, COL. THOMAS B.:

"Incidents in the Life of Audubon," _Godey's Lady's Book_, vol.
xlii, pp. 306-309, with portrait. Philadelphia, 1851.

65. GRISWOLD, RUFUS W.:

"John James Audubon," _International Monthly Magazine_, vol. ii,
pp. 469-474. New York, 1850-1851.

66. CAP, P. A.:

"Jean Jacques Audubon," _L'Illustration_, vol. xviii, pp. 70-71,
illust. Paris, 1851.

67. (ANON.):

"Audubon, the Naturalist," _Gleason's Pictorial_, vol. iii, p.
196, with portrait of Audubon as a young man. Boston, Sept. 25,
1852.

Audubon is said to have been born in New Orleans, May 4, 1780, and "in 1810 he embarked in a skiff with his wife and young child for his only companions, and with his gun and pencil for baggage, and commenced an adventurous and wandering life—the life of a hunter and naturalist, which he did not abandon until 1834."

68. GODWIN, PARKE:

"John James Audubon," in _The Homes of American Authors_. New
York, 1853.

See also "The Home of Audubon," _The Leisure Hour_, vol. 2, pp. 300-303 (London, 1853), and _Little Journeys to the Homes of American Authors_, New York and London, 1896.

69. SMILES, SAMUEL:

_Brief Biographies._ Boston, 1861. See "Audubon the
Ornithologist," pp. 171-197.

70. ST. JOHN, MRS. HORACE:

_Life of Audubon, the Naturalist in the New World. His Adventures
and Discoveries._ Pp. i-xiv, 1-172. London, 1856.

71. ST. JOHN, MRS. HORACE:

_Life of Audubon, the Naturalist of the New World. His Adventures
and Discoveries._ Revised and corrected, with additions, and
illustrated with engravings by J. W. Orr from original designs.
Pp. 1-24, 1-312. Boston, 1856.

First American edition, followed by others in 1861, 1864, 1870, 1876 and later; citation from edition of 1864.

72. BUCHANAN, ROBERT (editor):

_The Life and Adventures of John James Audubon, the Naturalist._
Edited from materials supplied by his widow. 8vo. Pp. i-viii,
1-366. Portrait and vignette on title. London, 1868.

This was followed by a second and third English edition in 1869, the latter without frontispiece, but with vignette stamped on cover. The editor assumed no responsibility for the fidelity of his record, which was based on a manuscript by the Rev. Charles Coffin Adams, of New York. Reproduced in "Everyman's Library," with an Introduction by John Burroughs (originally appearing as a review of Buchanan's work in 1869; see No. 153). 12mo. Pp. i-xx, 1-336. London and New York (no date).

73. AUDUBON, LUCY (editor):

_The Life of John James Audubon, the Naturalist._ Edited by his
Widow. With an Introduction by James Grant Wilson. 8vo. Pp. i-x,
1-444. Portrait, and vignette on title. New York, 1869.

Reprinted at various times; citation from a copy bearing date of 1906. This work is a reproduction, with but slight changes, of Buchanan's rendering of the original Adams manuscript.

74. DUYCKINCK, EVERT AUGUSTUS:

"John James Audubon," in the _National Portrait Gallery of Eminent
Americans_, illustrated from paintings by Alonzo Chappel. 2 vols.,
4to. New York, 1862.

For Audubon, see vol. i, pp. 47-54.

75. PARTON, JAMES:

_Peoples' Book of Biography, or Short Lives of the most
interesting Persons of all Ages and Countries._ Hartford, 1869.
For Audubon, see pp. 163-167.

A second edition appeared under the title _Illustrious Men and their Achievements_, &c. (New York, 1881).

76. (ANON.):

"Audubon," _Chambers' Journal_, vol. 46, pp. 85-89. London and
Edinburgh, 1869.

A compilation from Buchanan's _Life_.

77. (ANON.):

"The Life of John James Audubon, the Naturalist," _Harper's New
Monthly Magazine_, vol. xxxix, pp. 613-614. New York, 1869.

78. AUDUBON, MARIA R.:

"Reminiscences of Audubon by a Granddaughter," _Scribner's Monthly
Magazine_, vol. xiii, pp. 333-336. New York, 1876.

79. BREWER, THOMAS M.:

"Reminiscences of John James Audubon," _Harper's New Monthly
Magazine_, vol. lxi, pp. 666-675. New York, 1880.

Reproduces a number of interesting letters.

80. (ANON.) LARRABEE, W. H.:

"Sketch of J. J. Audubon," _Popular Science Monthly_, vol. xxxi,
pp. 687-697, with portrait. New York, 1887.

See also reprint in _Pioneers of Science in America. Sketches of their lives and Scientific Work._ From the _Popular Science Monthly_, with additions. "John James Audubon, 1780-1851," pp. 152-156. New York, 1896.

81. PENTZ, JACOB:

"The Audubons." _Shooting and Fishing_, May 11, 1893, illust. New
York.

Interesting reminiscences and portraits of John Woodhouse Audubon and his family, with whom the author lived for a number of years.

82. ELLIOT, DANIEL GIRAUD:

"The Life and Services of John James Audubon," _Transactions of
the New York Academy of Sciences_, vol. xiii, pp. 43-57. New York,
1893.

An address delivered before the New York Academy of Sciences, April 26, 1893.

83. GODWIN, PARKE:

"John James Audubon," in _Commemorative Addresses_, pp. 149-192.

An interesting sketch by one who had known Audubon as early as 1842, but replete with errors in dates and questions of fact; condensed from earlier papers. See Nos. 60 and 68.

84. MITCHELL, DONALD G.:

_American Lands and Letters._ 2 vols. London, 1897, 1899. For
Audubon, see vol. i, pp. 204-213.

85. BRADFORD, MARY FLUKER:

_Audubon._ Pp. 1-72, illust. New Orleans, 1897.

Originally read before the Quarante Club, and privately printed in the interests of a fund for the erection of a monument to Audubon in New Orleans, a project which has since been realized (see Vol. I, p. 13).

86. AUDUBON, MARIA R.:

_Audubon and His Journals_, with zoölogical and other notes by
Elliott Coues. With 37 Illustrations, including 10 Portraits
of Audubon, and 3 hitherto unpublished Bird Drawings. 2 vols.,
8vo. Vol. i, pp. i-xiv, 1-532; vol. ii, pp. i-viii, 1-554. With
reproduction of diplomas, etc. New York, 1898.

The first volume of this excellent work is devoted to a biography of the naturalist, pp. 1-78, and to his Journals (see No. 42); the second continues the Journals, and reproduces most of the "Episodes" from the _Ornithological Biography_.

87. BURROUGHS, JOHN:

_John James Audubon._ Pp. i-xviii, 1-144. With portrait. 16mo. and
(large paper) 8vo. Boston. 1902.

Citation from second edition of 1904.

88. MERRIAM, C. HART:

"John James Audubon," _Popular Science Monthly_, vol. lxx, pp.
301-303, with portrait. New York, 1907.

Delivered on the occasion of the unveiling of marble busts of ten eminent scientific men at the American Museum of Natural History, December 29, 1906.

89. MERRIAM C. HART:

"John James Audubon," _Bird Lore_, vol. 9, pp. 3-5. New York,
1907.

89a. STONE, WITMER:

"John James Audubon," in _Leading American Men of Science_, ed. by
David Starr Jordan, pp. 71-87. New York, 1910.

90. BAKEWELL, REV. GORDON:

"Reminiscences of John James Audubon." _Publications of the
Louisiana Historical Society_, vol. v, pp. 31-41. New Orleans,
1911.

An address delivered before the Louisiana Historical Society, November 16, 1910. Affirms, on the testimony of Bernard de Marigny, that Audubon was a Louisianian by birth. See Vol. I, p. 69 of the present work.

i. Reviews and Criticism

91. (ANON.) BREWSTER, DAVID:

"Mr. Audubon's Ornithology of the United States of America,"
_Edinburgh Journal of Science_, vol. vi, p. 184. Edinburgh,
1826-1827.

This highly commendatory paper by David Brewster, and that by Robert Jameson, which follows, gives the first formal announcement of Audubon's work in the scientific journals of the day.

92. (ANON.) JAMESON, ROBERT:

"Mr. Audubon's great work on Birds of the United States of
America," _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. 2, pp.
210-211. Edinburgh, 1826-1827.

The editor stated that Audubon had spent twenty-two years in the study of American birds, and that the engravings, of which several had already appeared, would be accompanied by a quarto volume of letterpress, containing all his observations on the natural history of the species, in the form of letters, an example of which was given in the paper on the Turkey Buzzard in the present number of that _Journal_ (see No. 17).

93. (ANON.) JONES, THOMAS P.:

"The Romance of the Rattlesnake," _Franklin Journal and
American Mechanics' Magazine_, vol. ii (August), N. S., p. 144.
Philadelphia, 1828.

This notorious attack upon Audubon's veracity was followed by Waterton (see No. 115), and referred to by Victor Audubon (see No. 118), in his reply. Audubon's original article (see No. 21) was published by this editor, who knew so little of its author that not even his name was given correctly.

93a. CUVIER, GEORGES:

"Rapport verbal fait à L'Académie Royale des Sciences, sur
L'Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de L'Amérique Septemtrionale, de
M. Audubon," _Le Moniteur_, 1re. octobre. Paris, 1828.

For extracts from Cuvier's report, see Chapter XXIII, p. 413.

94. (ANON.):

"Ueber die Abbildungen von Vögeln," in Froriep, _Notizen_, Bd.
xxi, col. 49-54. Berlin, 1828.

95. W [ILLIAM]. S[WAINSON].:

"Some Account of the Work now publishing by Mr. Audubon,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. i, pp. 43-52 (May).
London, 1828-1829.

Dated at "Tittenhanger Green. April 11, 1828." A highly laudatory article on Audubon's plates, quoted in his "Prospectus" of _The Birds of America_.

96. (ANON.):

"Report of a committee appointed by the Lyceum of Natural History
of New York to examine the splendid work of Mr. Audubon upon the
Birds of North America; May, 1829," _American Journal of Science
and Arts_, vol. xvi, pp. 353-354. New Haven, 1829.

Applauds _The Birds of America_, and recommends that the Lyceum become a subscriber.

97. "ORNITHOPHILUS":

"Remarks on Audubon's Birds of America, and Ornithological
Biography," _Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, vol. 10, pp.
317-332. Edinburgh, 1830-1831.

A highly favorable and elaborate review, mistakenly attributed to Swainson. Reprinted in the _National Gazette and Literary Register_, vol. xii (June 10), Philadelphia, 1831. In an editorial note it is said that the _Ornithological Biography_ is about to be reprinted in Philadelphia by James Kay, Jr., & Company.

98. CHRISTOPHER NORTH (JOHN WILSON):

"Audubon's Ornithological Biography Introduction," _Blackwood's
Edinburgh Magazine_, vol. xxx, pp. 1-16 (July). Edinburgh, 1831.

The second of Wilson's articles in praise of Audubon; reprinted with his later reviews of the same work in _Critical and Miscellaneous Essays_, vol. v, pp. 91-149.

99. CHRISTOPHER NORTH (JOHN WILSON):

"Audubon's Ornithological Biography. Second Survey. Wilson's
American Ornithology," _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine_, vol. xxx,
pp. 247-280. Edinburgh, 1831.

100. (ANON.):

"Ornithological Biography ... By John James Audubon. &c. &c.
Edinburgh, 1831," _Edinburgh Literary Journal or Weekly Register
of Criticism and Belles Lettres_, April 16, 1831, pp. 248-249.

101. (ANON.) FEATHERSTONHAUGH, G. W.:

"Ornithological Biography." By John James Audubon, F. R. S.
Published by Judah Dobson and H. H. Porter, Literary Rooms,
Philadelphia," _Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural
Science_, vol. i, September, pp. 136-139. Philadelphia, 1831.

102. (ANON.):

"Ornithological Biography," _American Quarterly Review_, vol. x,
pp. 245-258. Philadelphia, 1831.

103. (ANON.):

"The Birds of America ... By John James Audubon, F. R. S. ... vol.
i, folio. London, 1831. Ornithological Biography ... 1 vol. 8vo.
Edinburgh, 1831," _Quarterly Review_, vol. xlvii, pp. 332-366.
London, 1832.

In the same article are reviewed Jameson's edition of Wilson's _American Ornithology_, and Part II of Swainson's and Richardson's _Fauna Boreali-Americana_.

104. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"On the Faculty of Scent of the Vulture," _Loudon's Magazine of
Natural History_, vol. v (April), pp. 233-241. London, 1832.

Signed "Walton Hall, Dec. 21, 1831"; the first of nineteen critical and polemical articles extending over a period of five years, and directed against Audubon and his friends.

105. (ANON.) PEABODY, W. B. O.:

"Audubon's Biography of Birds. Ornithological Biography of Birds
... Philadelphia, 1831," _North American Review_, vol. xxxiv, pp.
364-405 (April). Boston, 1832.

The first of three able articles by the same anonymous writer which appeared in this _Review_. See Nos. 130 and 143.

106. (ANON.) FEATHERSTONHAUGH, G. W.:

"Audubon, Author of The Birds of America, and Ornithological
Biography," _Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural
Science_, vol. i, pp. 456-468 (April). Philadelphia, 1832.

A laudatory review, in which the author professes to give "a true history of a conspiracy, got up to utterly break down and ruin the reputation of one of the most remarkable men America ever produced."

107. ABERT, JOHN:

"Habits of Climbing of the Rattle-snake. Extract of a letter from
Col. Abert, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, to Dr. Harlan
of Philadelphia," _Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural
Science_, vol. i, pp. 221-223. Philadelphia, 1832.

Dated "Washington, Oct. 21, 1831." Supports Audubon's account of the climbing habits of the rattlesnake, which had become the subject of acrimonious dispute.

108. (ANON.):

"Audubon," _The Athenæum_, vol. for 1833, pp. 817-818. London,
1833.

In number for November 23. An account, partly from private sources and partly from a New York newspaper, of Audubon's present researches and plans, with detailed comment on his Florida and Labrador expeditions.

109. HUNTER, PERCEVAL:

"Means by which the Vulture (Vultur Aura, L.) traces its Food,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp. 83-88.
London, 1833.

Dated "Oxford, Jul. 2, 1832." Defends Audubon's account of lack of sense of smell in the Vulture, published in 1826 (see No. 17).

110. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"The Means by which the Turkey Buzzard traces its Food," _Loudon's
Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp. 162-163. London, 1833.

Signed "Walton Hall, Jany. 1, 1833." A caustic reply to the last. Reprinted in _Essays in Natural History, chiefly Ornithology_, First Series. London, 1838.

111. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"Remarks on Mr. Audubon's Account of the 'Habits of the Turkey
Buzzard (Vultur Aura), particularly with the View of exploding
the Opinion generally entertained of its extraordinary Powers of
Smelling,'" _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp.
163-171. London, 1833.

A characteristically flippant article, ending thus: "But here I will stop: I have been too long on carrion,—'_neque enim toluare vaporem ulterius potui_' (Ovid Met., ii, 301)."

112. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"The Gland on the Rump of Birds," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History_, vol. vi, pp. 274-277. London, 1833.

Denial that birds ever oil their feathers in preening, as Audubon had maintained for the eagle. Reprinted, with many controversial articles, which follow, in _Essays on Natural History_, First Series, referred to above.

113. AUDUBON, V. G.:

"[Mr. Audubon, Jr.] in Reply to Mr. Waterton's Remarks on
Audubon's Biography of Birds," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History_, vol. vi, p. 369. London, 1833.

Signed "121 Great Portland St., Jn. 7, 1833." Victor Audubon's defense of his father, who was then in America.

114. R[OBERT] B[AKEWELL]:

"Observations on Mr. Waterton's Attacks on Mr. Audubon," _Loudon's
Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp. 369-372. London, 1833.

Signed "Hampstead, Jn. 10, 1833."

115. WATERTON, CHARLES:

[Mr. Waterton in reply to Mr. Audubon, Jun.], _Loudon's Magazine
of Natural History_, vol. vi, pp. 464-465. London, 1833.

Signed "Walton Hall, July 6, 1833"; Refers to Dr. Jones' "Romance of the Rattlesnake" (see No. 93), and quotes a letter by George Ord, in explaining why Swainson did not write the "Biography of Birds."

116. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"Mr. Audubon again," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol.
vi, pp. 465-468. London, 1833.

A reply to Robert Bakewell, in which the author says that his only object in attacking Audubon was to defend his own account of the vulture.

117. SWAINSON, WILLIAM:

"Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the 'Biography of Birds': Mr. Swainson
in reply to Mr. Waterton," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_,
vol. vi, p. 550. London, 1833.

Dated Sept. 17, 1832.

118. AUDUBON, V. G.:

"Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the 'Biography of Birds': Mr. Audubon,
jun., in Reply to Mr. Waterton," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural
History_, vol. vi, pp. 550-553. London, 1833.

Signed "121 Great Portland, Sept. 19, 1833." Quotes articles by Jones, Featherstonhaugh and Abert; see Nos. 93, 101, 106 and 107.

119. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"Retrospective Criticism," embracing the following minor
articles: "Mr. Audubon, and his Work, the Biography of Birds"
(signed "Walton Hall, Nov. 7, 1833); "Mr. Audubon, jun."; "Aerial
Encounter of the Eagle and the Vulture" (see the "Biography of
Birds," vol. i, p. 163) (signed "Walton Hall, Nov. 7, 1833");
"Audubon's Humming-bird" (see the "Biography of Birds," vol. i, p.
248) ("Walton Hall, Nov. 19, 1833"); "The Virginian Partridge,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vii, pp. 66-74.
London, 1834.

The three last reprinted in _Essays on Natural History_, First Series, referred to above.

120. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"Retrospective Criticism," embracing the following minor articles:
"The Vulture's Nose" ("Walton Hall, March 6, 1834"); "Audubon's
Claim to the Authorship of the Biography of Birds"; "Audubon and
his Ornithology"; "The Passenger Pigeon" ("Walton Hall, Jany.
19, 1834"). _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. vii, pp.
276-283. London, 1834.

The first and last articles reprinted in _Essays on Natural History_, First Series, referred to above.

121. (ANON.):

"The Birds of America. No. XXXVII. By J. J. Audubon, Esq. Coloured
Plates. Elephant folio. London, Havell," _Athenæum_, vol. for
1834, p. 350 (May 10). London, 1834.

At the same time was also reviewed Part ii of _A Manual of the Ornithology of the United States_, by Thomas Nuttall.

122. (ANON.):

"The Birds of America. By J. J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S. Parts
XLI, XLII, XLIII. London, Havell," _Athenæum_, vol. for 1834, pp.
653-654. London, 1834.

Describes the Wood Duck (Plate ccvi) as perfect, and compliments the engraver, Robert Havell, on "the accuracy with which he has appreciated and retained the spirit of the originals."

123. (ANON.) HALL, JAMES:

"American Ornithology," _The Western Monthly Magazine_, vol. ii,
pp. 337-350 (July). Cincinnati, 1834.

A comparative review of the ornithological works of Alexander Wilson, Thomas Nuttall, and John James Audubon, very laudatory of the first two but condemnatory of the last, by Judge Hall, whose brother, Harrison Hall, was an interested publisher of Wilson's work. "How shall we venture to dissent from the almost unanimous expression of public sentiment, which has set him [Audubon] up as a sort of 'greatest and best,' against whom to speak in dispraise, would be a species of treason. Yet it must be done, and it is our vocation to do it: the critic must not be silent when the interests of science require, and the honor of his country demands, that he should proclaim the truth.... The exaggerations contained in these sketches ["Episodes"] are such as to weaken our confidence in the entire work."

124. BACHMAN, JOHN:

"Retrospective Criticism. Remarks in defence of the Author of the
Birds of America," _Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol.
vii, pp. 164-175. London, 1834.

A reply to Waterton, and an appeal for as much justice for Audubon as was shown to Wilson, his predecessor. Dated "Charleston, Dec. 31, 1833."

125. BACHMAN, JOHN:

"An account of some experiments made on the habits of the Vultures
inhabiting Carolina,—the Turkey Buzzard and the Carrion Crow,
particularly as it regards the extraordinary powers of smelling
usually attributed to them," _Journal of the Boston Society of
Natural History_, vol. i, pp. 15-31. Boston, 1834.

Bachman did not deny the power of smell to the vultures, but maintained that they were guided to their prey by sight alone.

126. (ANON.):

"Audubon's Birds of America and Ornithological Biography,"
_Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal_, January, 1835.

"All is life, health, and beauty. Never before were birds so
represented, and if ever again they will be, still Audubon will
be the chief of a school, of whom it will be said that it studied
nature. Turn now to any volume of plates that you can find, and
what presents itself? not a bird surely, but an effigy stuffed
with straw, and more worthy of being burnt, than that of a Tory
statesman by a radical mob."

127. BACHMAN, JOHN:

"Defence of Audubon," _Bucks County Intelligencer_, 1835.

Not seen.

128. (ANON.):

"Ornithological Biography ... Volume ii, published at 25s.,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. viii, pp. 184-190.
London, 1835.

129. TAYLOR, RICHARD C.:

"On the Geology and Natural History of the North-Eastern Extremity
of the Alleghany Mountain Range, in Pennsylvania, United States,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. viii, pp. 529-541.
London, 1835.

Confirms Audubon's account of the climbing habits of the rattlesnake.

130. (ANON.) PEABODY, W. B. O.:

"Audubon's Biography of Birds; Ornithological Biography," _North
American Review_, vol. xli, pp. 194-231. Boston, 1835.

131. CHRISTOPHER NORTH (JOHN WILSON):

"Audubon's Ornithological Biography," _Blackwood's Edinburgh
Magazine_, vol. 37, pp. 107-124. Edinburgh, 1835.

132. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"On Snakes, their Fangs, and their Mode of procuring Food,"
_Loudon's Magazine of Natural History_, vol. viii, pp. 663-668.
London, 1835.

Reprinted in _Essays on Natural History_, First Series, referred to above.

133. WATERTON, CHARLES, Esquire, of Walton-Hall:

"A Letter to James [Robert] Jameson, Esq." [followed by 21
lines of fine print, giving titles and membership in scientific
societies]. Pp. 1-14. Wakefield, 1835.

Privately printed, and designed mainly to hit Audubon and his snake stories over Jameson's shoulders. Signed, "Walton-Hall, January 27, 1835." "Should you honor me—— with a reply, I promise you that I will take an immediate and dispassionate notice of it; and I will address to you a second, a third, and a fourth letter, and so on. As you have first attacked me through Audubon, through him I will continue to point my dart at you.... This mode of carrying on the warfare will answer well my ends. It will give me an opportunity of again bringing on the stage certain individuals with whom I have not yet quite squared up accounts; and, at the same time, I trust it will be to you a kind ... of hint, a warning—lest you make another false step in your exertions to sound again in the public ear, O Candour! whither art thou fled? Certainly not to Walton Hall.... Pray, sir, where were your brains (whither had _they_ fled? Certainly not to Walton Hall) when you received, and approved of, a narrative at once so preposterous and so palpably fictitious?" Reprinted in _Essays on Natural History_, edited by Norman Moore (London, 1871). Citation from pamphlet in Library of British Museum.

134. WATERTON, CHARLES, Esquire, of Walton-Hall:

"Second Letter to Robert Jameson, Esq." [with same titles as in
last]. Pp. 1-16. Wakefield, 1835.

Ridicules in particular Audubon's accounts of the Vulture, the Passenger Pigeon, and a hurricane in North America. Signed "Walton-Hall. March 2nd, 1835."

135. WATERTON, CHARLES:

"Audubon's Plates of the Birds of America," _Loudon's Magazine of
Natural History_, vol. viii, pp. 236-238. London, 1835.

Accuses Audubon of misrepresentation in his statements of the time required to produce his drawings.

136. (ANON.):

"Ornithological Biography, or an Account of the Habits of the
Birds of the United States of America ... By J. J. Audubon. vol.
ii &c. First Notice," _Athenæum_, London, January 3, 1835, pp.
5-7.

The same: "Second Notice," _Athenæum_, January 17, pp. 43-45.

The same: "Third Notice," _Athenæum_, January 31, pp. 87-89.

"There is amply sufficient remaining in Audubon's pages, for fully a dozen more notices, were we disposed to follow the exhausting system."

137. (ANON.):

"Ornithological Biography ... vol. iii, First Notice," _Athenæum_,
pp. 41-42, January 16, 1836. London.

The same: "Second Notice," _Athenæum_, January 23, 1836, pp.
62-63.

138. WATERTON, CHARLES, Esq., Walton-Hall:

"An Ornithological Letter to William Swainson, Esq., F.R.S. &c.
&c." Pp. 1-16. Wakefield (Richard Nichols, Bookseller), 1837.

Signed "Walton-Hall, March 10, 1837," and reprinted in Moore's edition of _Essays on Natural History_, referred to above. A long and bitter tirade against both Swainson and Audubon. "You have seen fit to laud one man exceedingly, for his zoological acquirements, who to my certain knowledge, paid other people for the letterpress and drawings, which were to appear in his work." Citation from pamphlet in British Museum Library.

139. (ANON.):

"Ornithological Biography ... by John James Audubon. vols. i-iii,"
Oken's _Isis_, Bd. xxx, pp. 922-928. Leipzig, 1837.

140. SELLS, W.:

"On the Habits of the Vultur aura, with notes on the dissections
of the two heads of two specimens by R. Owen," _Proceedings of the
Zoological Society of London_, Pt. v, pp. 33-35. London, 1837.

Favors the view that the vulture is guided to food by the sense of smell.

141. (ANON.):

"Ornithological Biography ... vol. iv...." _Athenæum_, London,
Dec. 1, 1838, pp. 849-852.

142. (ANON.):

"Ornithological Biography ... vol. v...." _Athenæum_, London, vol.
for 1839, p. 77.

143. (ANON.) PEABODY, W. B. O.:

"Audubon's Ornithological Biography," _North American Review_,
vol. i, pp. 381-404 (April). Boston, 1840.

144. (ANON.):

"Audubon's Ornithology. A Synopsis of the Birds of North America.
Edinburgh, 1839. The Birds of America. London and Edinburgh, vol.
1. New York, 1840," _American Journal of Sciences and Arts_, vol.
xxxix, pp. 343-357. New Haven, 1840.

145. ORD, GEORGE:

[Reply to Audubon's charge against Wilson, and countercharge
against Audubon.] _Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society_, vol. 1, pp. 272-273. Philadelphia, 1840.

Report of meeting held September 18, 1840.

146. (ANON.):

"The Birds of America ... vol. ii, octavo edition ... published by
J. J. Audubon, and J. B. Chevalier," _American Journal of Science
and Arts_, vol. xlii, pp. 130-136. New Haven, 1842.

"Mr. Audubon has now nearly a thousand subscribers to his work; an instance of liberal support of a work on natural history certainly without a parallel in the New World, and hardly with one in the Old."

147. (ANON.):

"A Synopsis of the Birds of North America, by J. J. Audubon.
London, 1839," Oken's _Isis_, Bd. xxxvii, pp. 713-718. Leipzig,
1844.

148. WINTERFIELD, CHARLES:

"American Ornithology (The Birds of America and Ornithological
Biography)," _The American Review: A Whig Journal_, vol. i, pp.
262-274. New York, 1845.

149. WINTERFIELD, CHARLES:

"About Birds and Audubon," _The American Review: A Whig Journal_,
vol. i, pp. 371-383. New York, 1845.

Refers to a meeting with Audubon on a canal boat in Pennsylvania, when the latter was returning from his Missouri River expedition in 1843. See No. 173.

150. WINTERFIELD, CHARLES:

"A Talk about Birds and Audubon," _The American Review: A Whig
Journal_, vol. ii, pp. 279-287. New York, 1845.

Interesting reference to "the great fire [of July 19, 1845] which so lately devastated so large a part of this proud city [New York]," in which the copper plates of Audubon's _Birds_ were thought to have been destroyed (see Chapter XXXV, p. 267).

151. (ANON.):

"Audubon, the Naturalist," _Athenæum_, London, vol. for 1856, p.
283.

Review of Mrs. Horace St. John's _Life of Audubon_ (see No. 71).

152. (ANON.):

"The Life and Adventures of John James Audubon," _Athenæum_,
London, vol. for 1868, pp. 833-834. Review of Buchanan's _Life_
(see No. 72).

153. (ANON.) BURROUGHS, JOHN:

"The Life of Audubon ... edited by Mrs. J. J. Audubon" [see No.
73], _The Nation_, vol. ix, pp. 13-14. New York, 1869.

Reprinted in Buchanan's _Life of Audubon_, "Everyman's Library" (see No. 72).

154. (ANON.):

"The Adventures of Audubon," ... _Edinburgh Review_, vol. cxxxii,
pp. 250-275. Edinburgh, 1870.

Review of Buchanan's _Life_.

155. SHUFELDT, R. W.:

"Shedding Horns of Antelope," _Shooting and Fishing_, New York,
March, 1896.

For critical articles by the same author, see also the following: "On the Terrestrial Attitudes of Loons and Grebes," _The Ibis_, London, January, 1898; "Audubon's Figure of the Mountain Partridge," _Field and Stream_, New York, September 1899; "Scaup Duck," _Shooting and Fishing_, New York, November 26, 1903; and "The Nest of the Orchard Oriole," _The Wilson Bulletin_, Oberlin, June, 1903.

156. (ANON.):

"A Great Naturalist," _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine_, vol.
clxiv, pp. 58-69. Edinburgh, 1898.

Review of _Audubon and his Journals_.

157. (ANON.) MERRIAM, C. HART:

"Audubon," _The Nation_, vol. LXVI, pp. 151-152. New York, 1898.

See also _Science_, N. S., vol. VII, pp. 289-296, with plate. New
York, 1898.

Reviews of _Audubon and his Journals_.

158. M[IALL], L. C.:

"Audubon," _Nature_, vol. lvii, pp. 286-287. London, 1896-1898.

A dour review, in which the writer remarks that Audubon's _Birds of America_ "has great artistic merit but less scientific value than a good series of photographs from life."

159. HUTT, W. N.: