Chapter I: ~Piatra Arsa~

+Page 1.+--1. ~+Piátra Arsa+~ (Roumanian, from Græco-Latin: +{petra}+; +petra+; [Ital. +piétra+] "rock," "stone"; and +arsa+ [perf. partic. of ardeo, ardêre, arsi, +arsum+, "to burn," "to be on fire"]).

2. ~+Pau´na+~ (three syllables), Roumanian, a girl's name.

3. ~+wenn+~ (indefinite--repeated action), _when, whenever_.

4. +Pui de Imparát+ (Roumanian, from Lat.: +pullus+, [Eng. +pullet+] "small," "little," "young"; and Roumanian ablative = Lat. genit. sing. of +imperator+, "emperor").

5. ~+als trüge+ . . .~ (past subjunctive), unreal condition after ~+als+~ (= ~als ob, als wenn, wie wenn~), _as if she carried something_ ("on her head" being understood).

6. ~die +Hóra+~ (Roumanian, pronounce ~H~ guttural like ~ch~ in ~Loch~ or ~Buch~; from Græco-Latin: +{choros}+, +{choreia}+; +chorus+, +chorea+), _dance, country-waltz_.

7. ~+man+~ (indef. pers. pron.) +one+, _they, people_; frequently to be translated idiomatically by English passive.

8. ~+ihr+~ (idiomat. dat. of pers. pron.) ~in die Wangen~ for possess. pron. ~in +ihre+ Wangen~.

9. ~+man+~ (idiom.), cf. note 7.

+Page 2.+--1. ~+zur Donau hinab+~, _i.e._ from the Carpathian Highlands _down to_ the Roumanian plain, N. of _the Lower Danube_.

2. ~+vergossen+~ (~habe~ or ~hätte~ implied), auxiliary omitted, as frequently in "dependent" clauses.

3. ~+so+~, here: _in such a way, as_, or _so, as . . ._

4. ~+wie+~, conjunction (colloq.) for ~als~, _when_.

5. ~+sich+~, dat. (here reciprocal pronoun = _each other, one another_).

6. ~+nachts+~ (adverbial genit. of indef. time _when_) formed in analogy with ~tags, morgens, abends~, though ~Nacht~ is feminine.

7. ~+sei+~ (indirect subjunctive)--the "statement," "thought," or "belief" of another related, not quoted.

8. ~+es+~ (indef.) ~klopfte~, _there_ was a knocking, or = ~jemand klopfte~, _some one_ was knocking.

9. ~+es war ihr+~ (idiom) = ~es schien ihr, es kam ihr so vor~.

10. ~sie hörte sich +rufen+~, transitive infinitive with pass. sense, lit.: "she heard (some one) call her," _she heard herself called_.

11. ~+doch+~ (adverbial idiom) with an imperative adds force to the request = _please! won't you?_

12. ~+ich+ bin +es+~ (idiomat. phrase, lit.: "I am it") = English?

13. ~+sich+ legen~ (reflexive form for pass. as often), _to be put, to be placed_.

+Page 3.+--1. ~+auch+~ (adverb. idiom), here = _indeed, really_.

2. ~+seist+~, subjunctive in a dependent question, when narrated indirectly.

3. ~+o doch!+~ (idiomat. phrase) = ~o ja~; ~o gewiß~, _oh yes_; _sure enough_.

4. ~+zum+~ (definite article, idiomat.), as a (_as my_), for a (_for my_).

5. ~+werde+~ (pres. tense) ~ich~, for future ~werde ich +werden+~, as frequently in German.

6. ~+das+~ (anticipates idiomatically the contents of the following sentence), remains untranslated.

7. ~+das+ Gesicht~, definite article idiomatically for possess. pronoun = ~+ihr+ Gesicht~.

+Page 4.+--1. ~+verlobt+~. Idiom? Cf. page 2, note 2.

2. ~+der Bucegi+~ or ~Bucsecs~ (pronounce ~Butschedsch´~), _Mount Butschetje_, the highest point of the Carpathian Mountains (or Transylvanian Alps), 9528 feet high.

3. ~+sich+~, reflexive or reciprocal pronoun? Cf. page 2, note 5.

4. ~+ward+~ (old form of the past of ~werden~), less used now than ~wurde~.

5. ~+wie+~ (here = ~als wie~), _as if_.

+Page 5.+--1. ~+wollte+~, here = ~behauptete~, _claimed, asserted_.

2. ~+der+~, here = ~derjenigen~, therefore with emphasis.

3. ~biß +auf+ die Unterlippe~, no preposition in English; comp. ~+mit+ Steinen werfen~, to throw stones; ~+mit+ dem Kopfe schütteln~, to shake one's head; ~+mit+ den Zähnen knirschen~, to gnash (to grind one's teeth); ~+auf+ dem Piano spielen~, to play the piano; ~+in+ die Hände klatschen~, to clap hands, etc.

4. ~+es+~ (introductory subject, the logical subject ~»Zeichen«~ follows the verb), _there . . ._

5. ~+Mamali´ga+~, a favorite dish of the peoples of Eastern Europe; prepared of corn-flour it answers the Italian "Polenta." Trans.: _corn meal-mush_ or _hominy_.

6. ~+wolle+~ (idiomat. omission of the infinitive of a verb of motion after the modal auxiliaries) = ~+gehen+ wolle~.--Why the subjunctive mood? Cf. page 3, note 2.

7. ~+komme+~. Idiom? Cf. page 3, note 5.

+Page 6.+--1. To express "purpose" = Eng. _in order to_, the combination ~+um+ . . . +zu+~ with the infinitive is used; ~um~ beginning the sentence and ~zu~ taking its usual place with the infinitive.

2. ~+man+~, _they_, refers to the marauders mentioned above.

3. ~+darauf´+~ remains untranslated. Why? Cf. page 3, note 6.

4. ~+verzichtet+~, idiomat. omission of the auxiliary; in what clauses only? Cf. page 2, note 2.

+Page 7.+--1. ~+zu+ erkennen +war+~ (the auxiliary ~sein~ with ~zu~ and the infinitive always in passive sense) = ~erkannt werden konnte~.

2. ~+wieder zu sich kommen+~ (idiom), _to recover_, or _to collect one's self, to become one's self again_.

3. ~er hörte seinen Namen +nennen+~. Explain the idiom! Comp. ~sie hörte sich +rufen+~, page 2, note 10.

4. ~+will's Gott+~ (conditional inversion, ~wenn~ omitted) = ~wenn es Gott (so) will~.

5. ~+man+~. How to be rendered? Cf. page 1, note 7.

6. ~ein Mädchen, +das+~, neuter on account of the grammatical gender of ~Mädchen~.

+Page 8.+--1. ~zu+m+ Mann~. Idiom? Comp. ~zu+m+ Geliebten~, page 3, note 4.