Chapter II: ~Die Jipi~

+Page 9.+--1. ~+Die Jípi+~ (pronounce as in German) from Slavic +jipu+, "rod," "stick," name of two towering peaks in the Carpathian Mountains.

2. ~+der Bucegi+~, cf. page 4, note 2.

3. ~+sich+~, reflexive or reciprocal pronoun? Cf. page 2, note 5.

4. ~+die Urlatóare+~ (Roumanian, pronounce oa = ô, from Lat.: +ululare+, "to howl," "to roar," literally: "Roaring River") name of a mountain-stream in the Carpathian Mountains.

5. ~+die Prahóva+~ (~h~ guttural), one of the numerous rivers which rising on the southern slope of the Carpathian Mountains traverse the Roumanian plain and join the Lower Danube on the left.

6. ~+seien+~. Account for the mood! Cf. page 2, note 7.

7. ~+vor+~ (of time), _ago_.

8. ~+sich+~. Explain the form!

9. ~+keiner+~ (none), here = ~keiner von beiden~, _neither_ (of them).

10. ~er ließ +sich+ nicht trösten~ (reflexive with passive sense), _could not be . . ._

11. ~+An´dre[)i]+~ (three syllabic), ~+Mírea+~ (pronounce ~ea~ = é (French)), proper names = Ger. ~Andreas~ and ~Friedrich~ (+mir+, Slav. = ~Friede~, peace), Eng. _Andrew_ and _Frederick_ (Fred[dy]).

12. ~+möget+~ (optat. subjunctive) ~ihr . . . werden~, _I wish you to become_.

13. ~auf +hohem+ Felsenkegel~, in English with indef. article.

14. ~+gehörte+~. Mood? Why? Cf. page 1, note 5.

+Page 10.+--1. ~+könnten+~. Account for the subjunctive; cf. page 2, note 7.

2. ~+am besten+~, predicate superlative made up of ~an dem~ (contracted ~am~) and the dat. of the superlative, _the best_.

3. ~+sie hei´rateten+~ (past. subj. for conditional) = ~wenn sie . . . heirateten~.

4. ~+wollte+~, here = ~wünschte~.

5. ~+ihrer Söhne Kinder+~, for the more common ~die Kinder ihrer Söhne~.

6. ~+des Abends+~. Force of the genitive? Cf. ~nachts~, page 2, note 6.

7. ~+die alten Lieder+~, i.e. _the old ballads_ of the country.

8. ~+ihr+ zu Füßen~. Comp. ~+ihr+ in die Wangen~, page 1, note 8. Explain the idiom!

9. ~lehnte +mit+ dem Arm~, no preposition in English; cf. page 5, note 3.

10. ~+der weiße Schleier+~. _A white veil_ of finest texture interwoven with spun-gold (therefore often called der ~Goldfaden~ or pl. ~die Goldfäden~, "gold threads"), is the most conspicuous ornament on the heads of married women of Eastern Europe.

11. ~kein graues +Härchen+~ (idiomat. use of the diminutive), _not a bit_ (the least bit) _of_ (_a_) _gray hair_.

12. ~+Deiner+~ (genit. of ~Du~) dependent on adj. ~wert~.

13. ~+die+~ (emphatic.) = ~diese~ or ~dieselbe~ or ~sie~.

+Page 11.+--1. ~+es+ wird mir wohl~ (impersonal idiom), _I am at ease_; _I feel happy_.

2. ~+ihm+ auf der Spur~. Idiom? Comp. ~ihr in die Wangen~, page 1, note 8, and ~ihr zu Füßen~, page 10, note 8.

3. ~+wollte+~, here = ~im Begriff war~, _was_ (_about_) _to_.

4. ~+dem Tiere+~ (idiom. dat.) ~in die Weiche~, for ~in die Weiche +des Tieres+~ (genit.).

5. ~+glockenhelles Gelächter+~, in Engl. with indef. article.

6. ~dem Gehölze +zu+~. The preposition ~zu~ in the sense of _to, towards, in the direction of_, follows its case; but ~zu~ may also be taken as prefix of separable compound verb ~zu´schreiten~.

7. ~+dem Bären+ in den Weg~ = ? Cf. ~+dem Tiere+ in die Weiche~, note 4, above.

+Page 12.+--1. ~mit +goldenem+ Kern~. Idiom? Comp. ~auf hohem Felsenkegel~ (page 9, note 13) and ~glockenhelles Gelächter~ (page 11, note 5).

2. ~+festen Fußes+~ (phrase formed with adverb. genit. of manner) = ~mit festem Fuße~, i.e. ~standhaft~, _steadfast_(ly), _firm_(ly).

3. ~er hätte +gern+~ (phrase), _he would have liked_.

4. The preposition ~+ohne+~ with ~+zu+~ and the infinitive corresponds to English _without_ with the verb-noun in _-ing_. About ~ohne daß~ (for ~ohne . . . zu~), see page 45, note 3.

5. ~+ward+~ = ? Cf. page 4, note 4.

6. ~+mit einem+~ (dat. neut.), the words ~»Unverständiges Kind!«~ being the noun; transl. _with the remark:_

7. (~gestellt~, pass.) ~+von+~, _by_.

8. ~+ja+~ (adverb. idiom) = _why! you know_ (expletive).

+Page 13.+--1. ~ich +bin+~ (idiomat.) ~bei ihm~. The German present tense expresses what _has been and still is_, analog. to English perfect tense. Transl.: _I have been with him_.

2. ~+möchten+~ (might), _should like_.

3. ~+gleich+~ (colloq.), for ~sogleich~, _at once, immediately_.

4. ~als +schlimme+ Hexe~. Idiom? Comp. ~mit goldenem Kern; auf hohem Felsenkegel~.

5. ~+an+~ (+on+), _to_; _for, at_; _near, near by, by_. Great care must always be taken in rendering the preposition ~an~, as there are only a few cases where it answers to the English "on."

6. ~der Burg +zu+~. Cf. page 11, note 6.

7. ~+Roxána+~, _Roxane_, woman's name, common in the East.--Famous for her beauty was Princess Roxana of Bactria, who in the year 327 B.C. was married to Alexander the Great of Macedony.

8. ~+mitbrächten+~ (past subj.). Account for the mood! Cf. page 3, note 2. State the question direct!

9. ~+»mein Gott!«+~ must not be translated literally, since it means nothing more than _"good Heavens!"_ or _"good gracious!"_

10. ~+ja+~. Cf. page 12, note 8.

11. ~+das+~ (emphat.) = ~dieses~ or ~dasselbe~. Account for the neuter; cf. page 7, note 6.

+Page 14.+--1. ~sie hätte +am liebsten+~ (superlat. of ~gern~), _she would have liked best_. Comp. ~er hätte +gern+~ (page 12, note 3).

2. ~+wird+ (wohl) +sein+~, idiomat. use of the fut. tense instead of the present, to express supposition or possibility, with the adverbs ~wohl~ or ~doch~ added, to bring out the sense more clearly; transl. _is_, (as) _I suppose_.

3. ~+Urlánda+~, of the same origin and meaning as ~Urlatoáre~ (see page 9, note 4).

4. ~+Rolánda+~, girl's name, fem. of ~Rolandus~ ("Hruodlandus"), the most famous of the 12 paladins who lived in the palace of Charlemagne.--Regarding the transposition of the consonant r in changing +Ro+(landa) to +Ur+(landa), comp. the following German-English cognates: th+ir+d -- ~d+ri+tte~; +fri+ght --~+Fur+cht~; th+rough+ -- ~d+ur+ch~, and the dialect. form B+ri+mingham for B+ir+mingham.

+Page 15.+--1. ~+auf der andern Seite der Berge+~, _i.e._ on the northern slope of the Carpathian Mountains = in Transylvania (~»Siebenbürgen«~), now a crown-land of Austria-Hungary.

2. ~+unsrer+~ or ~unserer~ (genit. of ~wir~), dependent on ~warten~, archaic. and poetic. construction for the modern ~warten auf . . .~

3. ~+Bärenabenteuer+~ (+bear-adventures+), = bear-stories, "fish-stories"; _incredible hunting adventures_. Comp. the phrase: ~jemandem einen Bären~ (= ~eine Bärengeschichte~) ~aufbinden~, to play a hoax on some one.

4. ~+wollte+~ (idiomat.), here = _was_ (willing or) _ready to_. Comp. ~sie +wollte+~ (_wanted, wished_) ~ihrer Söhne Kinder auf ihren Knieen wiegen~ (page 10, note 4), and ~als er den Wurfspieß schleudern +wollte+~ (_was to, was about to_), page 11, note 3.

5. ~er +habe+~. Mood? Why? Direct quotation?

6. ~+könnte+~ (conditional subjunctive), for conditional ~würde . . . können~.

7. ~+dem+~, with emphasis. Why? Cf. page 5, note 2.

+Page 16.+--1. ~+die+~ (with emphasis) = ~diese~, or ~sie~. How known that it is not relative?

2. ~+fort+~, the infinitive of a verb of motion, as ~gehen~, being implied.

3. ~drum~ (colloq. for ~darum´~), about (it) them; ~+drum herum´+~, _round about_ (them).

4. ~+hinaus´+~, the perf. partic. of a verb of motion, as ~gegangen, gesprungen, geeilt~, etc., being implied.

5. ~+es+ lag ihr +die Sorge+ auf dem Herzen~, ~»es«~ being the introductory and grammatical subject, while the logical subject (~»die Sorge«~) follows after the verb = ~die Sorge lag ihr auf dem Herzen~.

6. ~+daran´+~--refers back to the preceding--_from doing so_.

+Page 17.+--1. ~+da+~ (conjunction), temporal (as, when) or causative (as, since)?

2. ~+am+ Ofen~ (cf. page 13, note 5) = ?

3. ~+wie+~ (conjunction), colloq. for? Cf. page 2, note 4.

4. ~+wohin´+~ (elliptic.) ~»sie gehen sollte«~ being understood.

+Page 18.+--1. ~zu+r+~ (Idiom?) ~Frau~. Comp. ~zu+m+ Geliebten~ (page 3, note 4) and ~zu+m+ Mann~ (page 8, note 1).

+Page 19.+--1. ~+Frau+~ (here = _married woman, somebody's wife_), in English with indef. article.

2. ~+hatten+ heransausen sehen~. Note the abnormal position of the verb in the relative clause, a construction more frequently met with now than formerly.

3. ~+es+~ (introductory), _there . . ._

+Page 20.+--1. ~+Léspes+~, village and holy shrine in the valley of the Prahova (river) in the Carpathian Mountains. Remember that the great bulk of the Christian population of Roumania (= Moldavia and Wallachia) belong to the Greek or Eastern Catholic Church.

2. ~+hereinbreche+~ (pres. subj.). The conjunction ~daß~ (= ~auf daß, damit~), expressing "purpose" is followed by the subjunctive.

3. ~+sie+~ (object), _them_.

4. ~+sich+~ (reciproc. pronoun) = ?

5. ~+mögen+~ (colloquially used as absolute verb), _to like_; _to stand_; _to bear_.

+Page 21.+--1. ~+Eurer Herzen schweren Kampf+~. Comp. ~ihrer Söhne Kinder~ (page 10, note 5).

2. ~+werde+~ (pres. subj.). Account for the mood; cf. page 20, note 2.

3. ~+muß+~. Idiom? Cf. page 5, note 6.

4. ~+doch nicht+~ (elliptic.) = ~ihr wollt doch nicht~, or ~ich hoffe (ich denke) ihr wollt nicht . . .~

5. ~+wäre+~ (conditional subj.) for conditional ~würde . . . sein~.

6. ~+sich+~. Account for the form of the pronoun!

7. ~+habe+~ (pres. subj.). Cf. page 2, note 7.

+Page 22.+--1. ~+gingen+~ (past subj.). Account for the mood; cf. page 1, note 5.

2. ~+freudestrahlenden Antlitzes+~ (phrase formed with adverbial genitive of manner) = ? Comp. ~festen Fußes~ (page 12, note 2).

3. ~+mit heller Stimme+~. Idiom? Comp. ~auf hohem Felsenkegel~ (page 9, note 13) and ~mit goldenem Kern~ (page 12, note 1).

4. ~+wer+ mich . . . holt, +des+ Weib will ich sein~ = ~ich will das Weib +des+~ (obsol. = ~dessen~ or ~desjenigen~, _of him_) ~sein, +der+~ (_who_) ~mich . . . holt~. The nominative of the correlative pronoun is ~+der+, +wer+~ or ~+derjenige+, +welcher+~ (_he_), _who_.

5. ~+im Stürzen+~ (verb-noun corresponding to the English form in _-ing_), _in_ or _while falling . . ._

+Page 23.+--1. ~+wurden+~ (past of absolute verb ~»werden«~), here = _were changed_ or _turned to . . ._