Chapter D: O. M (7)

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'The privilege of stationers is, in my opinion, a very great hinderance to the advancement of all humane learning[1380].

'I am, sir, your very humble servant,
'Th. Hobbes.'

<_Proposed foundation at Malmsbury._>

[1381]1665. This yeare he told me that he was willing to doe some good to the towne where he was borne; that his majestie loved him well, and if I could find out something in our countrey that was in his guift, he did beleeve he could beg it of his majestie, and seeing[1382] he was bred a scholar, he thought it most proper to endowe[1383] a free-schoole there; which is wanting _now_[CXVII.] (for, before the reformation, all monasteries had great schooles appendant to them; e.g. Magdalen schoole and New College schoole). After[1384] enquiry I found out a piece of land in Bradon-forest (of about 25 _li._ per annum value) that was in his majesties guift[1385], which he designed[1386] to have obtained of his majestie for a salary for a schoolmaster; but[CXVIII.] the queen's priests[1387] smelling-out the designe and being[1388] his enemies, hindred[1389] this publique and charitable intention.

[CXVII.] The burghesses give a schoolmaster X _li._ per annum out of their....

[CXVIII.] Aubrey queries--'Will not this give offence?'--Anthony Wood replies--'Perhaps no.'--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 42ᵛ.

<_Controversy with Dr. John Fell._>

[1674[1390]. Anno[1391] Domini 1674 Mr. Anthony à Wood sett forth an elaborate worke of eleven[1392] yeares study, intituled _the History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford_, wherin, in every respective Colledge and Hall, he mentions the writers there educated and what bookes they wrote. The deane of Christ Church having plenipotentiary[1393] power of the presse there], perused every sheet before 'twas to be sent to the presse[1394]; and maugre the author and to his[1395] sore displeasure did expunge and inserted what he pleased. Among other authors[CXIX.], he made divers alterations in Mr. Wood's copie in the account he gives of Mr. T. Hobbes of Malmesbury's life, in pag. 444, 445[1396], Lib. II--

[CXIX.] Memorandum--bishop John Fell did not only expunge and insert what he pleased in Mr. Hobbes' life; but also in the lives of other very learned men, to their disparagement, particularly of Dr. John Prideaux, afterwards bishop of Worcester, and in the life of Dr. <William> Twiss.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 48ᵛ.

'Vir sane de quo (inter tot prosperae et adversae famae qui de eo sparguntur hominum sermones) hoc verissime pronuntiare fas est, animum ipsi obtigisse, uti omnis scientiae capacissimum et infertum, ita divitiarum, saeculi, et invidiae negligentissimum; erga cognatos et alios pium et beneficum; inter eos quibuscum vixit, hilarem et apertum, et sermone libero; apud exteros in summa semper veneratione habitum,' &c.; this and much more was quite dashed out of the author's copie by the sayd deane.

[1397]These[CXX.] additions and expunctions being made by the sayd deane of Christ Church, without[1398] the knowledge or advice of the authour and quite contrary to his mind, he told him it was fitt Mr. Hobbes should know it[1399], because that his name being set to the booke and all people knowing it to be his, he should be liable to an answer, and so consequently be in perpetuall controversie. To this the deane replied, 'Yea, in God's name; and great reason it was that he should know what he had done, and what he had donne he would answer for,' etc.

[CXX.] Me thinkes[1400] page 15 might be something extracted and abridged; but doe you consider of it.

1674. Hereupon[1401], the author acquaints[1402]J. A., Mr. Hobbes's correspondent, with all that had passed; J. A. acquaints Mr. Hobbes. Mr. Hobbes takeing it ill, was resolved to vindicate himselfe in an Epistle to the Author. Accordingly an epistle, dated Apr. 20, 1674, was sent to the author in MS., with an intention to publish it when the History of Oxford was to be published. Upon the reciept of Mr. Hobbes's Epistle by Anthony à Wood, he forthwith repaired, very honestly and without any guile, to the dean of Christ Church to communicate it to him[1403]. The deane read it over carelesly, and not without scorne, and when he had donne, bid Mr. Wood tell Mr. Hobbes, 'that he was an old man, had one foote in the grave, that he should mind his latter end, and not trouble the world any more with his papers,' etc., or to that effect.

In the meane time Mr. Hobbes meetes with the king in the Pall-mall, in St. James's parke; tells him how he had been served by the deane of Christ Church, in a booke then in the presse (scilicet the 'History' aforesayd), intituled the History and Antiquities of the Universitie of Oxon, and withall desires his majestie to be pleased to give him leave to vindicate himselfe. The king seeming to be troubled at the dealing of the deane, gave Mr. Hobbes leave, conditionally that he touch no-body but him who had abused him, neither that he should reflect upon the Universitie.

Mr. Hobbes understanding that this History would be published at the common Act at Oxon, about 11 July, the said yeare 1674, prints his Epistle[1404] at London, and sends downe divers copies to Oxon, which being dispersed at coffee-houses and stationers' shops, a copie forthwith came to the deane's hands, who upon the reading of it fretted and fumed[1405], sent[1406] for the author of the History and chid him, telling withall that he had corresponded with his enemie (Hobbes). The author replied that surely he had forgot what he had donne, for he had communicated to him before what Mr. Hobbes had sayd and written; wherupon the deane recollecting himselfe, told him that Hobbes should suddenly heare more of him[1407]; so that the last sheete[1408] of paper being then in the presse and one leafe thereof being left vacant, the deane supplied it with this answer. Both the epistle and answer I here exhibite.

[1409]Here insert the Epistle[1410] and Answer[1411].

To this angry[1412] answer the old gentleman never[1413] made any reply, but slighted[1414] the Dr's passion and forgave it. But 'tis supposed it might be the cause why Mr. Hobbes was not afterwards so indulgent, or spared the lesse to speake his opinion, concerning the Universities and how much their doctrine and method had contributed to the late troubles [e.g. in his History of the Civill Warre].

<_Withdraws to Derbyshire._>

1675, mense ..., he left London _cum animo nunquam revertendi_, and spent the remaynder of his dayes in Derbyshire with the earl of Devonshire at Chatsworth and Hardwyck, in contemplation and study. He wrote there[1415] ... (vide vitam).

<_His death and burial._>

[1416]Then[1417], <insert an account of> his sicknesse, death, buriall and place, and epitaph, _which send for_[1418].

[1419]Extracted out of the executor's lettre (January 16, 1679) to me:--

'To his highly honoured friend, Jo. Aubrey, esq., these.'--

(His sicknesse) 'Worthy sir--he fell sick about the middle of October last,' etc.[1420]--

[1421]☞ 'He dyed worth neer 1000 _li._, which (considering his charity) was more then I expected: vide his verses[1422] in the last page.--From W. Crooke, from Mr. Jackson who had 500 _li._ of his in his hands.--

<_Personal characteristics._>

[1423]Describe face, eyes, forehead, nose, mouth, eyebrows, figure of the face, complexion; stature of body; shape (slender, large, neat, or otherwise); figure of head and magnitude of head; shoulders (large, round, etc.); arms, legs, how?--

[1424]Mr. Hobbes's person, etc.:--hazel, quick eie, which continued to his last. He was a tall man, higher then I am by about halfe a head (scil.... feet), i.e. I could putt my hand between my head and his hatt.--When young he loved musique and practised on the lute. In his old age he used to sing prick-song every night (when all were gonne and sure nobody could heare him) for his health, which he did beleeve would make him live two or three yeares longer.

[1425]In his youth unhealthy; of an ill yellowish complexion: wett in his feet, and trod both his shoes the same way.

[1426]_His complexion._ In his youth he was unhealthy, and of an ill complexion (yellowish).

His[CXXI.] lord, who was a waster, sent him up and downe to borrow money, and to gett gentlemen to be bound for him, being ashamed to speake him selfe: he tooke colds, being wett in his feet (then were no hackney coaches to stand in the streetes), and trod both his shoes aside the same way. Notwithstanding he was well-beloved: they lov'd his company for his pleasant facetiousnes and good-nature[1427].

[CXXI.] This only _inter nos_.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 45ᵛ.

From forty, or better, he grew healthier, and then he had a fresh, ruddy, complexion. He was _sanguineo-melancholicus_; which the physiologers say is the most ingeniose complexion. He would say that 'there might be good witts of all complexions; but good-natured, impossible.'

_Head._ In his old age he was very bald[1428] (which claymed a veneration); yet within dore, he used to study, and sitt, bare-headed, and sayd he never tooke cold in his head, but that the greatest trouble was to keepe-off the flies from pitching on the baldnes. His head was ... inches in compasse (I have the measure), and of a mallet-forme (approved by the physiologers).

[1429]_Skin._ His skin was soft and of that kind which my Lord Chancellor Bacon in his _History of Life and Death_ calles a goose-skin, i.e. of a wide texture:--

Crassa cutis, crassum cerebrum, crassum ingenium.

_Face_ not very great; ample forehead; whiskers yellowish-redish, which naturally turned up--which is a signe of a brisque witt, e.g. James Howell, Henry Jacob of Merton College.

<_Beard._> Belowe he was shaved close, except a little tip under his lip. Not but that nature[1430] could have afforded a venerable beard (Sapientem pascere barbam--Horat. Satyr. lib. 2), but being naturally of a cheerfull and pleasant humour[1431], he affected not at all austerity and gravity and to looke severe. [Vide[1432] page 47 of _Mr. Hobbes considered_--'Gravity and heavinesse of countenance are not so good marks of assurance of God's favour, as a chearfull, charitable, and upright behaviour, which are better signes of religion than the zealous maintaining of controverted doctrines.'] He desired not[1433] the reputation of his wisdome to be taken[1434] from the cutt of his beard, but from his reason--

Barba non facit philosophum. 'Il consiste tout en la pointe de sa barbe et en ses deux moustaches; et, par consequence, pour le diffaire il ne faut que trois coups de ciseau.'--Balzac, _Lettres_, tom. 2, p. 242.

[1435]_Eie._ He had a good eie, and that of a hazell colour, which was full of life and spirit, even to the last. When he was earnest in discourse, there shone (as it were) a bright live-coale within it.[1436]He had two kind of looks:--when he laugh't, was witty, and in a merry humour, one could scarce see his eies; by and by, when he was serious and positive[1437], he open'd his eies round (i.e. his eie-lids). He had midling eies, not very big, nor very little (from Sir W<illiam> P<etty>).

[1438]_Stature._ He was six foote high, and something better (quaere James Wh<eldon>), and went indifferently erect, or rather, considering his great age, very erect.

_Sight; witt._ His sight and witt continued to the last. He had a curious sharp sight, as he had a sharpe witt, which was also so sure and steady (and contrary to that men call _bro<a>dwittednes_) that I have heard him oftentimes say that in[1439]multiplying and dividing he[1440] never mistooke a figure: and so in other things.

<_Habits of body and mind._>

He thought much and with excellent method and stedinesse, which made him seldome make a false step.

_His bookes_, vide page[1441] 22. [1442]☞ He had very few bookes. I never sawe (nor Sir William Petty) above halfe a dozen about him in his chamber. Homer and Virgil were commonly on his table; sometimes Xenophon, or some probable historie, and Greek Testament, or so.

[1443]_Reading._ He had read much, if one considers his long life; but[1444] his contemplation was much more then his reading. He was wont to say that if he had read as much as other men, he[1445] should have knowne no more then other men.

[1446]_His physique._ He seldome used any physique (quaere Sir W<illiam> P<etty>). What 'twas I have forgot, but will enquire of Mr. Shelbrooke his apothecary at the Black Spread-eagle in the Strand.

Memorandum--Mr. Hobbes was very sick and like to dye at Bristoll-house in Queen Street, about 1668.

[1447]He had a sicknes, anno....

He was wont to say that he had rather have the advice, or take physique from an experienced old woman, that had been at many sick people's bed-sides, then from the learnedst but unexperienced physitian.

[1448]'Tis[1449] not consistent with an harmonicall soule to be a woman-hater, neither had he an abhorrescence to good wine but ...--this only _inter nos_.

[1450]_Temperance and diet._ He was, even in his youth, (generally) temperate, both as to wine and women, (et tamen haec omnia mediocriter)--

Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

I have heard him say that he did beleeve he had been in excesse[1451] in his life, a hundred times; which, considering his great[1452] age, did not amount to above once a yeare. When he did drinke, he would drinke to excesse to have the benefitt of vomiting, which he did easily; by which benefit neither his witt was disturbt longer then he was spuing nor his stomach oppressed; but he never was, nor could not endure to be, habitually a good fellow, i.e. to drinke every day wine with company, which, though not to drunkennesse, spoiles the braine.

For his last 30+ yeares, his dyet, etc., was very moderate and regular. After sixty he dranke no wine, his stomach grew weak, and he did eate most fish, especially whitings, for he sayd he digested fish better then flesh. He rose about seaven, had[1453] his breakefast of bread and butter; and tooke his walke, meditating till ten; then he did putt downe the minutes of his thoughts, which he penned in the afternoon.

[1454]He had an inch thick board about 16 inches square, whereon paper was pasted. On this board he drew his lines (schemes). When a line came into his head, he would, as he was walking, take a rude memorandum of it, to preserve it in his memory till he came to his chamber. ☞ He was never idle; his thoughts were always working.

[1455]His dinner was provided for him exactly by eleaven, for he could not now stay till his lord's howre--scil. about two: that his stomach could not beare.

After dinner he tooke a pipe of tobacco, and then threw himselfe immediately on his bed, with his band off, and slept (tooke a nap of about halfe an howre).

In the afternoon he penned his morning thoughts.

_Exercises._ Besides his dayly walking, he did twice or thrice a yeare play at tennis[CXXII.] (at about 75 he did it); then went to bed there and was well rubbed[CXXIII.]. This he did believe would make him live two or three yeares the longer.

[CXXII.] Quaere James Wheldon _de hoc_--how often, and to what age?--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 46ᵛ.

[CXXIII.] Memorandum there was no bagnio in his time. That in Newgate Street was built about the time of his death.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 46ᵛ.

[1456]In the countrey, for want of a tennis-court, he would walke up-hill and downe-hill in the parke, till he was in a great sweat, and then give the servant some money to rubbe him.

[1457]_Prudence._ He gave to his amanuensis, James Wheldon (the earle of Devon's baker; who writes a delicate hand), his pention at Leicester, yearly, to wayte on him, and take a care of him, which he did performe to him living and dying, with great respect and diligence: for which consideration he made him his executor.

_Habit._ In cold weather he commonly wore a black velvet coate, lined with furre; if not, some other coate so lined. But all the yeare he wore a kind of bootes[1458] of Spanish leather, laced or tyed along the sides with black ribons.

_Singing._ He had alwayes bookes of prick-song lyeing on his table:--e.g. of H. Lawes' etc. _Songs_--which at night, when he was abed, and the dores made fast, and was sure nobody heard him, he sang aloud (not that he had a very good voice) but[1459] for his health's sake: he did beleeve it did his lunges good, and conduced much to prolong his life.

[1460]_Shaking palsey._ He had the shaking palsey in his handes; which began in France before the yeare 1650, and haz growne upon him by degrees, ever since, so that he haz not been able to write very legibly since 1665 or 1666, as I find by some of his letters[1461] to me.

<_His readiness to help with advice and money._>

[1462]His goodnes of nature and willingnes to instruct any one that was willing to be informed and modestly desired it, which I am a witnesse of as to my owne part and also to others.

[1463]_Charity._ His brotherly love to his kinred hath already been spoken of. He was very charitable (pro suo modulo) to those that were true objects of his bounty[1464]. One time, I remember, goeing in the Strand, a poor and infirme old man craved[1465] his almes. He, beholding him with eies of pitty and compassion, putt his hand in his pocket, and gave him 6_d._ Sayd[1466] a divine (scil. Dr. Jaspar Mayne) that stood by--'Would you have donne this, if it had not been Christ's command?'--'Yea,' sayd he.--'Why?' quoth the other.--'Because,' sayd he, 'I was in paine to consider[1467] the miserable condition of the old man; and now my almes, giving him some reliefe, doth also ease me.'

<_Slanders concerning him._>

_Aspersions and envy._ His work was attended with envy, which threw severall aspersions and false reports on him. For instance, one (common) was that he was afrayd to lye alone at night in his chamber, [I have often heard him say that he was not afrayd of of _sprights_, but afrayd of being knockt on the head[1468] for five or ten pounds, which rogues might thinke he had[1469] in his chamber]; and severall other tales, as untrue.

I have heard some positively affirme that he had a yearly pension from the king of France,--possibly for having asserted such a monarchie as the king of France exercises, but for what other grounds I know not, unles it be for that the present[1470] king of France is reputed an encourager of choice and able men in all faculties who can contribute to his greatnes. I never heard him speake of any such thing; and, since his death, I have inquired of his most intimate friends in Derbyshire, who write to me they never heard of any such thing. Had it been so, he, nor they, ought to have been ashamed of it, and it had been becoming the munificence of so great a prince to have donne it.

_Atheisme[1471]._ Testimonie[1472]. For his being branded with atheisme, his writings and vertuous life testifie[1473] against it. No man hath written better of ..., perhaps not so well. To prevent such false and malicious reports, I thought fit to insert and affirme as abovesayd.[1474]And that he was a Christian 'tis cleare, for he recieved the sacrament of Dr. <John> Pierson, and in his confession to Dr. John Cosins, at ..., on his (as he thought) death-bed, declared that he liked the religion of the church of England best of all other.

He would have the worship of God performed with musique (_ad me_[1475]).

<_Addenda._>

[1476]Though he left his native countrey[1477] at 14, and lived so long, yet sometimes one might find a little touch of our pronunciation.--Old Sir Thomas Malette[1478], one of the judges of the King's Bench, knew Sir Walter Ralegh, and sayd that, notwithstanding his great travells, conversation, learning, etc., yet he spake broade Devonshire to his dyeing day.

[1479]Memorandum--'twas he (as he him selfe haz told me) that <invented> the method of the oeconomie of the earle of Devon's family and way of stating or keeping of the accounts.

<_Portraits of Hobbes._>

<i.>[1480]Desire Sir Christopher Wren or Mr. Thomas Henshawe to speake to the king for his picture[1481] of Mr. Hobbes for Mr. <David> Loggan to engrave it.

<ii.>[1482]He did, anno 16.. (vide the date[1483], which is on the backside) doe me the honour to sitt for his picture to Jo. Baptist Caspars, an excellent painter, and 'tis a good piece, which I presented to the <Royall> Societie 12 yeares since (but will it not be improper for me to mention my owne guift?).

[1484]Hanc
Thomae Hobbes
Malmesburiensis effigiem
ad vivum depictam (1663)
Regiae Societati
Londinensi
D.D.D.
Johannes Aubrey
de Easton-Piers
ejusdem Soc.
S.
1670.

Gett a brasse wyer to hang it[1485] by.

<iii.>[1486]Mr. Hobbes's motto upon his owne picture at Sir Charles Scarborough's:--

Si quaeris de me Mores inquire: sed Ille
Qui quaerit de me, forsitan alter erit.

(Sir Charles Scarborough confessed to me that he made this distich.)

<iv.>[1487]Memorandum--there was a good painter at the earl of Devonshire's in Derbyshire not long before Mr. Hobbes dyed, who drew him with the great decayes of old age. Mr. William Ball hath a good copie of it.

<v.>[1488]His motto about his picture:--

En quam modicè habitat philosophia.

<_His seal._>

[1489]This--

..., a bend engrailed between 6 martletts ...,

was the seale[FV] he commonly sealed his letters with, but 'twas not his coate.

Quare whose coate it may be--if _Hobbes_?

Quaere James Wheldon the executor if this be _his_ coate of armes--for 'tis some seale--and what the colours are.--Respondet that the heralds did offer him a coat of armes but he refused it.

<_He was 'plebeius homo.'_>

[1490]Sir William Dugdale (Clarenceux), and Sir Edward Bisshe, the heralds, had an esteeme and respect for him, in so much that they would have graunted him a coate of armes; but he refused it--which methinkes he neede[1491] not have donne.

Vide Alexander Broome's poemes:--

He that weares a brave soule and dares honestly doe
Is a herault to himselfe and a godfather too.

[1492]Vide Ben Jonson's _Underwoods_--that 'the most worthy men have been rock't in meane cradles.'

<_His sayings._>

[1493]'Tis of custome in the lives of wise men to putt downe their sayings. Now if trueth (uncommon) delivered clearly and wittily may goe[1494] for a saying, his common discourse was full of them, and which for the most part were sharpe and significant.

Here insert the two printed papers of his sayings.

[1495]Quaere Mr. Ben. Tuke at the Ship in Paule's Church-yard for the paper of his sayings, which Dr. Francis Bernard and his brother Charles, etc.--a club--made.

[1496]The sheet[1497] of old Mr. Hobbes sayings was not published by his executor, as is there printed. 'Twas (indeed) donne by Mr. ... Blunt, Sir Henry Blunt's sonne, and 'tis well donne.

[1498]I sayd, somewhere before, that (though he was ready and happy in repartying _in drollery_) he did not care[1499] to give a present answer _to a question_, unless he had thoroughly considered it before: for he was against 'too hasty concluding,' which he did endeavour as much as he could to avoid.--This is in p. 12[1500].

[1501]Thomas Hobbs <said> that if it were not for the gallowes, some men are of so cruell a nature as to take a delight[1502] in killing men[FW] more than I should to kill a bird.--Entred[1503] in idea.

[1504]When Spinoza's _Tractatus Theologico-Politicus_ first came out <1670>, Mr. Edmund Waller sent it to my lord of Devonshire and desired him to send him word what Mr. Hobbes said of it. Mr. H. told his lordship:--

Ne judicate ne judicemini[1505].

He told me he had cut thorough him a barre's length, for he durst not write so boldly.

[1506]I have heard him inveigh much against the crueltie of Moyses for putting so many thousands to the sword for bowing to[1507] ... vide text.

I have heard him say that Aristotle was the worst teacher that ever was, the worst polititian and ethick--a countrey-fellow that could live in the world <would be> as good: but his rhetorique and discourse of animals was rare.

[1508]T. H.'s saying:--rather use an old woman[1509] that had many yeares been at sick people's bedsides, then the learnedst young unpractised physitian.

[1510]☞ I remember he was wont to say that 'old men were drowned inwardly, by their owne moysture; e.g. first, the feet swell; then, the legges; then, the belly; etc.'--This saying may be brought in, perhaps, as to the paragraph of his sicknesse and death.

<From> Elizabeth, viscountesse Purbec. When Mr. T. Hobbes was sick in France, the divines came to him, and tormented him (both Roman Catholic, Church of England, and Geneva). Sayd he to them 'Let me alone, or els I will detect all your cheates from Aaron to yourselves.' I thinke I have heard him speake something to this purpose.

Mr. Edmund Waller sayd to me, when I desired him to write some verses in praise of him, that he was afrayd of the churchmen: he quoted Horace--

Incedo per ignes
Suppositos cineri doloso:

that, what was chiefly to be taken notice of in his elogie was that he, being but _one_, and a private person, pulled-downe all the churches, dispelled the mists of ignorance, and layd-open their priest-craft.

<_His writings._>

<Aubrey several times notes his intention of drawing up a list
of Hobbes' writings. In MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 53ᵛ, is a memorandum
'An exact Catalogue of all the bookes he wrote,' with a mark
showing that it was to be brought in before the notice of
Hobbes's death, _supra_, p. 346. MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 22, is
headed 'Catalogus librorum ab autore scriptorum,' and is left
blank for their insertion.

In MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 18ᵛ, is James Wheldon's answer to the
inquiry suggested (_ut supra_) on fol. 53ᵛ:--viz.>

[1511]_A Catalogue of his bookes._

His Latine poem _of the wonders of the Peake_.

His translation of _Thucidides_ out of Greek into English.

His _Humane nature_, and _De corpore politico_ in English.

His _Leviathan_ in English.

{_De corpore_}
His philosophy in three parts {_De homine_ } in Latine.
{_De cive_ }

His dialogue _of the Civill Warr_, in English, printed lately against his will.

Of his disputations with Dr. Wallis and what he has written in philosophy and mathematicks Mr. <William> Crook can best give you the titles with the order and times of their edition, some Latine, some English; as also of

His translation of _the Odysses and Iliads of Homer_.

There is also a small peece in English called _A Breefe of Aristotle's Rhetorick_ printed by Andrew Crooke, which was his, though his name be not to it.

There is a little booke called _Mr. Hobbes considered_, wherein there is some passages relating to his life.

[1512]I have no time now (in this transcript) to write the catalogue of his bookes, and I thought to have sent your paper[1513] (which I keepe safe) but Dr. Blackburne desires the perusall of it.--This catalogue here I received last night from William Crooke.

[1514]A supplement to Mr. A.[1515] Wood's catalogue (in his 'History') of Mr. Hobbes his workes: viz.--

The travells of Ulysses, being the translation of the 9, 10, and 11 bookes of Homer's Odysses into English; London, printed 1674.

Epistola ad D. Ant. à Wood, Latin, 1675[1516].

A translation of the 24 bookes of Homer's Iliads and the 24 bookes of his Odysses.

Also, his preface about the vertues of heroique poesie, in English, printed 1675, and 1677.

A letter to the duke of Newcastle about liberty and necessity, printed 1676, and 1677. [I have this somewhere among my bookes, printed about 30 yeares since. It was edited first by John Davys of Kidwelly; and there is a preface to it with S. W., i.e. Seth Ward, who then had a high esteeme of him.]

De Mirabilibus Pecci[1517]--English and Latin, 1678--a New-year's guift to his lord, who gave him 5 _li._, about 1627.

Decameron Physiologicum, or ten dialogues of naturall philosophy, to which is added the proportion of straight line to halfe the arc of quadrant, English, 1678[1518].

Considerations upon the reputation, loyalty, manners, and religion of Thomas Hobbes, written by himselfe, printed 1680, with part of severall of his letters to W. Crooke.--[This[1519] was first printed by Andrew Crooke 1662, ἀνονυμῶς.]

Vita Thomae Hobbes, 4to, printed 1680; in Latin verse; quarto.

Idem, in English, translated by ...; 1680, folio.

An historicall narration concerning heresie and the punishment thereof, English, 1680.

[Where[1520] is the book against Dr. Wallis in 4to that came out in Jan. 1679/80?].

[1521]He haz omitted here Aristotel's Rhetorique, printed long since by Andrew Crooke, but without his name; but Dr. Blackburne, W. Crooke, and I will lay our heads together and sett these things right.

☞ It ought not to be forgotten that there is before Sir William Davenant's heroique poem called Gondibert, a learned epistle of Mr. Hobbes's concerning poetrie, in answer to Sir William's.

And there is also a shorter letter of Mr. Hobbes's, which the Honourable ... Howard has printed before his heroique poem, 8vo, called I thinke Bonduca, about 1668 or 9.

Mr. Hobbes wrote a letter to ... (a colonell, as I remember) concerning Dr. Scargill's recantation sermon, preached at Cambridge, about 1670, which he putt into Sir John Birkenhead's hands to be licensed, which he refused (to collogue and flatter the bishops), and would not returne it nor give a copie. Mr. Hobbes kept no copie, for which he was sorry. He told me he liked it well himselfe.--[1522]Dr.[1523] Birket, my old acquaintance, hath the ordering of Sir John Birkenhead's bookes and papers. He hath not found it yet but hath found a letter of Mr. Hobbes to him about it, and hath promised me if he finds it to let me have it. ☞ Memorandum--Sir Charles Scarborough told me that he haz a copie of it, but I could not obtaine it of him; but I will try again, if Dr. Birket cannot find it.

<_Notes about his writings._>

His Latin _Leviathan_ is altered in many particulars, e.g. the doctrine of the Trinity, etc., and enlarged with many considerable particulars.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 42ᵛ.

The _Leviathan_ is translated into Dutch.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 7ᵛ.

Quaere Ph. Laurence what volume the Dutch _Leviathan_ printed and what volumine.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 7.

_Humane Nature_, London, by Thomas Newcombe, 1650, 12mo.--Anno 1684/5 is printed by Mr. Crooke _Humane Nature_, and _Libertie and Necessity_, in 8vo, which they call his 'Tripos.'--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 7ᵛ.

Before Thucydides, he spent two yeares in reading romances and playes, which he haz often repented and sayd that these two yeares were lost of him--wherin perhaps he was mistaken too. For it might furnish him with copie of words.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 42ᵛ.

Thucydides, London, imprinted for Richard Mynne in Little Brittain at the signe of St. Paul, MDCXXXIV.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 7ᵛ.

Mr. Henry Birchit of the Middle Temple promised to gett for me Mr. Hobbes' letter to ... of Mr. Scargill's recantation, which he left with Sir John Birkenhead.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 54ᵛ.

T. Hobbes--quaere Mr. H. Birchet de letter of Scargill's recantation which Sir John Birkenhead would not licence.--MS. Aubr. 8, fol. 8.

<In MS. Aubr. 9 at the end are some of the printed tracts issued by Hobbes in his controversy with Dr. John Wallis, viz.:--

(1) A folio sheet[1524], headed

'To the right honorable and others the learned members of the Royal Society for the Advancement of the Sciences, presenteth to your consideration your most humble servant Thomas Hobbes (who hath spent much time upon the same subject) two propositions, whereof the one is lately published by Dr. Wallis, a member of your society....

Dr. Wallis: _de motu_, cap. 5. prop. 1. | Thomas Hobbes, _Roset._ prop. 5.'

(2) A quarto sheet[1525], headed:

'To the right honourable and others the learned members of the Royal Society for the Advancement of the Sciences, presenteth to your consideration your most humble servant Thomas Hobbes a confutation of a theoreme which hath a long time passed for truth.'

(3) A quarto tract[1526] (the 'Propositions' occupy 3 pages, the 'Considerations,' 4 pages), entitled:--

'Three papers presented to the Royal Society against Dr. Wallis, together with considerations on Dr. Wallis his answers to them, by Thomas Hobbes of Malmsbury; London, printed for the author and are to be had at the Green Dragon without Temple Bar: 1671.'>

With Mr. Hobbes's small tracts inscribed to the Royal Society came a letter offering that some of the small pieces of his might be published in the Transactions; which was not donne, through Mr. Oldenburgh's default.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 47ᵛ.

<At the end of MS. Aubr. 9 is a quarto tract of 14 pages, entitled:--

'Thomae Hobbesii Malmesburiensis vita, authore seipso[1527], Londini, typis, anno MDCLXXIX.'

The last two lines of it are:--

Octoginta annos complevi jam quatuorque
Et prope stans dictat Mors mihi, Ne metue.

On these Aubrey notes (MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 68ᵛ)--

'These two last verses Dr. Blackburne altered (because of qu[=a] in quatuor, long) in the copie printed with Mr. Hobbes's life in Latine, and some other alterations he made, but me thinkes the sense is not so brisque.'>

What did he write since he left London? Quaere <his> executor.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 22ᵛ.

His executor acquaints William Crooke (the author's printer[1528]) and me, in a lettre[1529] under his hand January 16, 1679, that neither Mr. Halleley (Mr. Hobbes's intimate friend and confident) nor him selfe have any thing in either of their hands of Mr. Hobbes's, the very little of that kind that he left behind him being disposed of 'according to his own order' before he removed from Chatsworth. Quaere what was that order?--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 22ᵛ.

Mr. Thomas Hobbes <has left> in MSS.

----A dialogue concerning the common lawes.

----An epitome of the Civil Warres of England from 1640 to 1660.

----Answer to _The Catching of the Leviathan_ by Dr. Bramhall.

----A historical narration concerning heresy and the punishment thereof.--MS. Aubr. 9, a slip at fol. 27ᵛ.

Translation of 1, 9, 10, 11 and 1<2> bookes of Homer's Odysses in English verse.

Ecclesiastica Historia in Latin verse, Amsterdam.--MS. Aubr. 9, a slip pasted on to fol. 27ᵛ.

Quaere Dr. Blackbourn and Mr. Crooke to know where lies or what is become of Mr. Hobbes' _Historia Ecclesiastica Romana_? Resp.--Dr. Blackbourne haz it; gett copie of it.--MS. Aubr. 7, a slip at fol. 8ᵛ.

In May 1688, his _Ecclesiastica Historia carmine elegiaco conscripta_, in Latin verse, was printed at Augusta Trinobantum, scil. London. The preface was writt by Mr. Thomas Rymer, of Graie's Inne, but ἀνονυμῶς.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 54ᵛ.

Memorandum.--Mr. Hobbes told me he would write, in three columnes, his doctrine, the objections, and his answers, and deposit[1530] it in the earle of Devon's library at ... in Derbyshire. Dr. <Thomas> Bayly, principall of New-Innhall in Oxon, tells me he hath seen it there.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 2.

<MS. Aubr. 28 is a copy of the tract (63 pages).

'Mr. Hobbes considered in his loyalty, religion, reputation, and manners, by way of letter to Dr. Wallis'; London, printed for Andrew Crooke, 1662.

On the title-page Aubrey has the note:--

'This letter was writt (indeed) by Mr. Thomas Hobbes himselfe--Jo. Aubrey de Easton-Pierse':

and at the end

'The second impression[1531] of this booke was from this very booke of mine.--'Twas not to be bought.'>

<_Verses by him._>

[1532]Insert the love verses he made not long before his death:--

[1533]1.

Tho' I am now past ninety, and too old
T' expect preferment in the court of Cupid,
And many winters made mee ev'n so cold
I am become almost all over stupid,

Yet I can love and have a mistresse too,
As fair as can be and as wise as fair;
And yet not, proud, nor anything will doe
To make me of her favour to despair.

To tell you who she is were very bold;
But if i' th' character your selfe you find
Thinke not the man a fool thô he be old
Who loves in body fair a fairer mind.

[1534]_Catalogue[1535] of his learned familiar friends and acquaintances_, besides those already mentioned, that I remember him to have spoken of.

_Mr. Benjamin Johnson_, Poet-Laureat, was his loving and familiar friend and acquaintance.

_<Sir Robert> Aiton_, Scoto-Britannus, a good poet and critique and good scholar. He was neerly related to his lord's lady (Bruce). And he desired Ben: Johnson, and this gentleman, to give their judgement on his style of his translation of Thucydides.[1536]He lyes buryd in Westminster Abbey, and hath there an elegant monument and inscription[1537], which I will insert here or so much as may be pertinent.

Memorandum next after ... Ayton should in order be named _Sydney Godolphin_, esq., who left him, in his will, a legacy of an hundred poundes: and Mr. Hobbes hath left him an eternall[1538] monument in lib.... pag.... of his Leviathan.

_Lucius Carey, lord Falkland_ was his great friend and admirer, and so was _Sir William Petty_; both which I have here enrolled amongst those friends I have heard him speake of, but Dr. Blackburne left 'em both out[1539] (to my admiration). I askt him why he had donne so? He answered because they were both ignote to foreigners.

_Mr. Henry Gellibrand_, Astronomy professor at Gresham Colledge.

[1540]_James Harrington_, esq., who wrote against him in his _Oceana_.

_Henry Stubbes_[1541].

_Mr. Charles Cavendish_[1542], brother to the duke of Newcastle, a learned gentleman and great mathematician.

_Mr. Laurence Rooke_, Geometry and Astronomy professor.

_Mr. ... Hallely_, his intimate friend, an old gent.

[1543]When he was at Florence (16..; vide vitam) he contracted a friendship with the famous _Galileo Galileo_, ...[1544], whom he extremely venerated and magnified; and not only as he was a prodigious witt, but for his sweetnes of nature and manners. They[1545] pretty well resembled one another as to their countenances, as by their pictures doeth[1546] appeare; were both cheerfull and melancholique-sanguine; and had both a consimilitie of fate, to be hated and persecuted by the ecclesiastiques.

16..[1547], _Petrus Gassendus_[1548], S. Th. Doctor et Regius Professor Parisiis,--vide his titles--whom he never mentions but with great honour and respect[CXXIV.], 'doctissimus, humanissimus'; and they loved each other entirely.

[CXXIV.] I have heard Mr. Edmund Waller say that (William) the lord marquisse of Newcastle was a great patron to Dr. Gassendi, and M. Des Cartes, as well as Mr. Hobbes, and that he hath dined with them all three at the marquiss's table at Paris.--MS. Aubr. 9. fol. 50.

As also the like love and friendship was betwixt him and

_Marinus ... Mersennus_;

Monsr. _Renatus Des Cartes_[1549];

as also--

_<Johan. Franc.> Niceron_;

_Samuel Sorbier_, M. D.--vide his epistle and Gassendus's before his _De Cive_.

_... Verdusius_, to whom he dedicates his _... Dialogi_ ([1550]vide my _Dialogi_ for his Christian name--'tis dedicated to him).

[1551]T. H. would say that _Gassendus_ was the sweetest-natured man in the world.

_Des Cartes_ and he were acquainted and mutually respected one another. He would say that had he kept himself to Geometry he had been the best geometer in the world but that his head did not lye for philosophy.

[1552]Mr. Hobbes was wont to say that had Mⁱᵉᵘʳ Des Cartes (for whom he had a high respect) kept himselfe to geometrie, he had been the best geometer in the world; but he could not pardon him for his writing in defence of transubstantiation, which he knew was absolutely against his opinion[1553] and donne meerly to putt a compliment[1554] <on> the Jesuites.

[1555]I have heard Mr. Oates say that the Jesuites doe much glorie that he <Des Cartes> had his education under[1556] them. 'Tis not unlikely that the Jesuites putt him upon that treatise.

_Edmund Waller_[1557], esq., poet.

[1558]_Sir Kenelm Digby_, amicus T. H.

[1559](1648 or 49[1560], at Paris.) _Sir William Petty_ (of Ireland[1561]), Regiae Societatis Socius, a person[1562] of a stupendous invention[1563] and of as great prudence and humanity, had an high[1564] esteeme of him. His acquaintance began at Paris, 1648 or 1649, at which time Mr. Hobbes studied Vesalius' Anatomy, and Sir William with him. He then assisted Mr. Hobbes in draweing his schemes[1565]for his booke of optiques, for he had a very fine hand in those dayes for draweing[1566], which draughts Mr. Hobbes did[1567] much commend. His facultie[1568] in this kind conciliated them the sooner to the familiarity[1569] of our common friend.

_Mr. S. Cowper_ aforesayd[1570], at whose house they often mett.--He drew his picture twice: the first the king haz, the other is yet in the custody of his widowe; but he gave it, indeed, to me (and I promised I would give it to the archives at Oxon,[1571] with a short inscription on the back side, as a monument of his friendship to me and ours to Mr. Hobbes--sed haec omnia inter nos)[1572]but I, like a foole, did not take possession of it, for something of the garment was not quite finished, and he dyed, I being then in the countrey--sed hoc non ad rem.

[1573]<_Sir William Petty._> I have a very fine letter from Mr. Hobbes to me where he gives him thanks and for his booke of Duplicate Proportion I sent him, which letter I will insert (so much as concerns it). Sir William Petty would keepe the originall _honoris ergo_ and gave me a copie of it, which I have not leisure to looke out.

[1574](At Paris.) _Mr. Abraham Cowley_, the poet, who hath bestowed on him an immortal pindarique ode, which is in his poems.

(1651 or 52.) _William Harvey_, Dr. of Physique and Chirurgery, inventor of the circulation of the bloud, who left him in his will ten poundes, as his brother told me at his funerall. Obiit anno 1657, aetat. 80, sepult. at Hempsted in Essex, in their[1575] vault.

_Mr. Edmund Waller_ of Beconsfield was his great friend, and acquainted at Paris--I believe before.

When his Leviathan came out, he sent by his stationer's (Andrew Crooke) man a copie of it, well-bound, to _Mr. John Selden_ in Aedibus Carmeliticis. Mr. Selden told the servant, he did not know Mr. Hobbes, but had heard much of his worth, and that he should be very glad to be acquainted with him. Wherupon Mr. Hobbes wayted on him. From which time there was a strict friendship between <them> to his dyeing day. He left by his will to Mr. Hobbes a legacy of ten poundes.

_Sir John Vaughan_, Lord Chiefe Justice of the Common Pleas, was his great acquaintance, to whom he made visitts three times or more in a weeke--out of terme in the morning; in terme-time, in the afternoon.

_Sir Charles Scarborough_, M.D. (physitian to his royal highnesse the duke of Yorke), who hath a very good and like picture (drawne about 1655)[1576]of him, under which is this distich (they say of Mr. Hobbes's making[CXXV.]),

[CXXV.] This was made by Sir Charles Scarborough, M.D.

Si quaeris de me, Mores inquire, sed Ille
Qui quaerit de me, forsitan alter erit;

and much loved his conversation.

_Sir Jonas Moore_, mathematicus, surveyor of his majestie's ordinance, who had a great veneration for Mr. Hobbes, and was wont much to lament[CXXVI.] he fell to the study of the mathematiques so late.

[CXXVI.] Does this lamenting come in aptest here, or pag.[1577] 7?--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 52ᵛ.

_Mr. Richard White_, who writt Hemispherium Dissectum.[1578] I have heard Mr. Thomas Hobbes commend Richard White for a solid mathematician and preferred him much before his brother _Thomas de Albiis_[1579] for it.

_Sir Charles Cavendish[1580]._

_Edward, lord Herbert of Cherbery_ and Castle Island.

_Sir William Davenant_, Poet Laureat after B. Johnson, and generall of the ordinance to the duke of Newcastle--at Paris[1581] (e.g. epistle); perhaps before.

_William Chillingworth_, D.D.--he would commend this doctor for a very great witt; 'But by G----' said he, 'he is like some lusty fighters that will give a damnable back-blow now and then on their owne party.'

_George Eglionby_, D.D. and deane of Canterbury, was also his great acquaintance. He died at Oxford[1582], 1643, of the epidemique disease then rageing.

[1583]_Jasper Mayne_, Doctor of Divinity (chaplain to William, marquesse of Newcastle), an old acquaintance of his.

_Mr. Francis Osburne_, author of 'Advice[1584] to a son' and severall other treatises, was his great acquaintance.

_John Pell_, Dr. of Divinity, mathematicus, quondam professor ...[1585] at Breda, who quotes him in his ... contra Longomontanum _de Quadratura circuli_, for one of his jury (of 12).

_Sir George Ent_, M.D.--In a letter to Mr. J<ohn> A<ubrey> from Mr. Thomas Hobbes:--

'Worthy Sir,

I have receaved from Mr. Crooke the booke of Sir George Ent of the Use of Respiration. It is a very learned and ingeniose booke full of true and deepe philosophy. I pray you to present unto him my most humble service. Though I recieved it but three dayes since, yet, drawen-on by the easinesse of the style and elegancy of the language, I have read it all over, and I give you most humble thankes for sending it to me. I pray you present my service to Mr. Hooke[1586].

I am,
Sir, your most obliged and humble servant,
THO: HOBBES.

Chatsworth,
March 25,
1679.'

_Ralph Bathurst_, S.T.D., now deane of Welles, who hath writt verses before his booke of Humane Nature[1587].

_Mr. Henry Stubbes_, physitian, whom he much esteemed for his great learning and parts, but at latter end Mr. Hobbs differ'd with him for that he wrote against the lord chancellor Bacon, and the Royall Societie. He wrote in Mr. Hobbes' defence--vide librum[1588].

_Walter Charleton_, M.D., physitian to his majestie, and one of the Colledge of Physitians in London, a high admirer of him.

_Mr. Samuel Butler_, the author of Hudibras.

In his ... Dialogi (vide librum) he haz a noble elogie of _Sir Christopher Wren_, then a young scholar in Oxon, which quote; but I thinke they were not acquainted.

_Mr. <Robert> Hooke_ loved him, but was never but once in his company.

<_Sidney Godolphin_[1589].>

[1590]To conclude, he had a high esteeme for the Royall Societie, having sayd (vide Behemoth pag. 242, part ...) that 'Naturall Philosophy was removed from the Universities to Gresham Colledge,' meaning the Royall Societie that meetes there; and the Royall Societie (generally) had the like for him: and he would long since have been ascribed a member there, but for the sake of one[CXXVII.] or two persons, whom he tooke to be his enemies. In their meeting at Gresham Colledge is his picture, drawen by the life, 166- (quaere date[1591]), by a good hand, which they much esteeme, and severall copies have been taken of it.

[CXXVII.] Dr. Wallis (surely their Mercuries[1592] are in opposition), and Mr. Boyle. I might add Sir Paul Neile, who disobliges everybody.--MS. Aubr. 9, fol. 53ᵛ.

[1593]Memorandum:--Dr. _Isaac Barrow_ hath mentioned Mr. T. Hobbes in his mathematicall lectures, printed and unprinted.

[1594]Edmund Waller, esq., of Beconsfield:--'but what he was most to <be> commended for was that he being a private person threw downe the strongholds (ὀχυρώματα) of the Church, and lett in light.'

_Robert Stevens_, serjeant at Lawe, was wont to say of him, and that truly, that 'no man had so much, so deeply, seriously, and profoundly[1595] considered humane nature as he.'

[1596]Mr. John Dreyden, Poet Laureat, is his great admirer, and oftentimes makes use of his doctrine in his playes--from Mr. Dreyden himselfe.

[1597]Memorandum he hath no countryman living hath knowne him so long (1633[1598]) as myselfe, or <any> of his friends, &c. <who> doth know so much <about him.> When he had printed his translation of Thucydides <1676: edit. 2>, his life is writt by him selfe (at my request) in the third person, a copie wherof I have by me, [to[1599] publish after his death if it please God I survive him.]

<_Opponents and critics._>

[1600]Now as he had these ingeniose and learned friends, and many more (no question) that I know not or now escape my memory; so he had many enemies (though undeserved; for he would not provoke, but if provoked, he was sharp and bitter): and as a prophet is not esteemed in his owne countrey, so he was more esteemed by foreigners then by his countreymen.

His chiefe antagonists were

--[_Dr.[1601] John_] _Bramhall_, bishop of [Londonderry], afterwards [archbishop of Armagh and] primate of Ireland.

--_Seth Ward_, D.D., now bishop of Sarum, who wrote against him in his _Vindiciae Academiarum_[1602] ἀνονυμῶς, and in.... With whom though formerly he had some contest, for which he was sorry, yet Mr. Hobbes had a great veneration for his[1603] worth, learning and goodnes.

--_John Wallis_, D.D., a great mathematician, and that hath deserved exceedingly of the commonwealth of learning for the great paines etc...., was his great antagonist in the Mathematiques. 'Twas pitty, as is said before, that Mr. Hobbs began so late, els he would <not> have layn so open.

'Theophilus Pike' (<i.e.> [_William_[1604]] _Lucy_, bishop of St. David's) who wrote ['Observations, censures, and confutations of notorious errours' in his Leviathan, 1664; they are but weak ones.]

_Mr._ [_Richard_] _Baxter_, who wrote....

[_Edward[1605] Hyde, earl of Clarendon_, who wrot against the politicall part of his Leviathan: I have mentioned this in some letter, but you have forgot it.]

[1606]Samuelis Siremesii; Praxiologia apodictica, seu Philosophia moralis demonstrativa, pythanologiae Hobbianae opposita: Francofurti, 1677, 4to.

[1607](In 16mo)--Liberty and Necessity asserted by Thomas Hobbes and opposed by _Philip Tandy_, register-accomptant, formerly minister and now established so again, Lond. 1656.

<_Apologists and supporters._>

[1608]Meditationes Politicae iisdem continuandis et illustrandis addita Politica parallela XXV dissertationibus Academicis antehac exposuit Johannes Christopherus _Becmanus_, LL.D., editio 3ª, Francofurti MDCLXXIX, vide pag. 417 ubi magnopere laudat T. Hobbium--which transcribe.

[1609]In 8vo:--Meditationes Politicae iisdemque continuandis et illustrandis addita Politica Parallela XXIV dissertationibus academicis antehac exposuit _Johannes Christopherus Becmanus_, D. et Hist. prof. publ. ord. in Acad. Francofurtanâ; additae sunt dissertationes de lege regia et de quarta monarchia: editio tertia: Francofurti ad Oderam, anno MDCLXXIX:--pag. 417, 418:--

'In Hobbesii libris eorum quae de cive et civitate agunt (nam
reliqua nobis neutiquam curatio est) _scopus generalis_ est
e primis principiis naturae rationalis ac vitae socialis res
politicas eruere (quo quidem nomine prae caeteris laudandus est
cum nemo politicorum ante illum id ausus fuerit), _specialis_
est dirigere principia sua ad monarchiam (qui si genium gentis
spectes in qua vixit non minori laude dignus est, licebitque
aliis eadem principia ad statum aristocraticum et democraticum
applicare, modo sciat istos potius quam monarchiam reipublicae
suae congruere).

In aliis scriptis quae publicavit itidem eo nomine laudandus
est quod e primis principiis moralibus, licet haud perinde
vulgò notis, res suas eruere conetur: sed rursus etiam
culpandus quod sacra ad conceptus suos trahat cum hos ad
sacra pertrahere indeque perficere debuisset. Profani tamen
qui videntur apud eum occurrere loquendi modi non possunt
plenum _atheismum_ inferre, nunquam enim qui rebus moralibus
mediocriter incumbit atheus esse potest, tanto minus Hobbesius
qui ad prima usque principia moralium progredi conatur. Quod
vero maxime sapere videtur, id vel _securitatem_ dixeris vel
_neutralismum_ quendam, ut Deum quidem colat sed modum colendi
a sacro codice derivandum esse non necessarium agnoscat;
esseque hunc animum ejus ex eo patet quod superius diximus,
ipsum sacra ad conceptus suos morales trahere cum e contrario
moralia quae habemus aut invenire etiam possumus e sacris peti
debeant quippe quae clarius semper rem exprimunt quam sine
eis exprimi potest. Acciditque hic[1610] ipsi quod chymicorum
multis aliisque rerum naturalium scrutatoribus qui, dum in
causis secundis indagandis nimii sunt, eis ita alligantur ut
ulterius eoque ad Deum usque pergere non opus esse judicent,
unde similiter in _neutralismum_ incidunt. Brevius--Hobbesius
principia vitae socialis vere explicat sed male applicat; unde
omnis illa in doctrina ejus perversitas quam tamen Christiano
vitandam esse merito cum piis probisque omnibus pronunciamus.
Concludimus cum judicio autoris Gallici in _Itiner.
Angl._[CXXVIII.] pag. (edit. Germ.) 411, 412:--

[CXXVIII.] This is in High-dutch, which I desire Mr. Th. Haack to
render into English.

[1611]Es[FX] werden sehr wenig gefunden welche die Sachen
genauer durchsehen denn Er und die der Natürlichen
Wissen-schafft eine so lange Erfahrung beygebracht hätten.
Ja Er ist ein überbliebenes von dem Bacon, unter welchem
Er in seiner Jugend geschrieben und an allem was ich von
Ihm gehöret und was ich in seiner Art zu sc<h>reiben mercke
sehe ich wol, dasz Er viel davon behalten. Er hat durch das
Studieren seine Weise die Dinge zu wenden und greiffet gerne
in die Gleichnüssen. Aber Er hat natürlich viele von seiner
schönen und guten Eigenschafft ja auch von seiner feinen
Leibes Gestalt. Er hat der Priester-schafft seines Landes,
den Mathematisten zu Oxfurt und ihren Anhänge<r>n eine Furcht
eingejaget, darumb Ihre Majestät mir Ihn einem Bähren[1612]
ver<g>l<e>ichen, wider welche Er die doggen, umb sie zu üben
anreitzet; sonder Zweiffel hat Er die gekrönte Häupter in den
Gründen seiner Welt Klugheit höchlich verbunden, und wenn Er
die Lehren der Religionen nicht berühret, oder sich begnüget
hätte d<i>e Presbyterianer und genannte Bischöffe seines Landes
anzugreiffen, find ich nichts darin zu tadeln.'

[1613]Casparis Zeigleri de juribus majestatis tractatus Academicus; Wittenbergae, 1681. Vide pag. 112 § IV ubi honoris gratiâ citat Hobbium de differentiis inter pactum et legem ex element. philosoph. de Cive, cap. 14.

[1614](In 12mo)--Epistolica dissertatio de principiis justi et decori continens Apologiam pro tractatu clarissimi Hobbaei de Cive ἀνονυμῶς Amstelodami apud Ludovicum Elzevirium, MDCLI.

James Harrington, esquire: _Oceana_, vide.

[1615]... Zeigler, a German jurisconsultus, quotes him with great respect, as also some other German civilians, of which enquire farther.

[1616]_Samuelis Pufendorf_: Elementa Jurisprudentiae Universalis[1617], 1672: in praefatione--

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Brief Lives, Vol. 1Chapter D: O. M (7)

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