Chapter V

THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS--SEMNOPITHECUS--COLOBUS.

General Characteristics of the Monkeys of the Old
World--Distinguished from the Apes by Length of the Hinder
Limbs and presence of Tails--Divided into those with and
those without Cheek-pouches--Use of the Cheek-pouches--The
two Genera of Pouchless Monkeys--THE SACRED MONKEYS, or
Semnopitheci--Derivation of the Name--First Discovery--Ape
Worship in India--General Description--Limited to Asia--THE
SIMPAI--Its Locality and Appearance--THE BUDENG--Hunted
for their Fur--Its Colour and Appearance--THE LONG-NOSED
MONKEY--Reason of the Name--Quaint Appearance of the
Young--Anatomical Peculiarities--Their First Appearance in
Europe--Description of the Nose--Peculiar Formation of the
Stomach--Bezoars--THE HOONUMAN MONKEY--The Sacred Monkey
of the Hindoos--Legends about it--THE DOUC MONKEY--Its
Appearance and Habitat--THE BLACK-LEGGED DOUC--Anatomical
Peculiarities--THE CROWNED MONKEY--THE RED MONKEY--THE
SUMATRA MONKEY--THE WHITE-BEARDED MONKEY--Found in
Ceylon--Its Intelligence--THE GREAT WANDEROO--Other
Ceylonese Monkeys--THE GENUS COLOBUS, or Thumbless
Monkeys--Description of the Hand and Wrist--Different
Varieties--COLOBUS VERUS--COLOBUS GUEREZA--Their Habitat and
Peculiarities--Fossil Semnopitheci 84

CHAPTER VI.

THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS (_continued_)--THE GUENONS.

THE GUENONS--Where they are Found--Early Notices of
them--Resemblance to the Colobi and Macaques--Distinctive
Peculiarity of the Group--Often seen in Menageries--Their
Terror of Snakes--Peculiar Expression of the Face--Beauty
of their Skins--Minor Divisions of the Guenons--THE
DIANA MONKEY--Origin of the Name--Anecdotes of their
Mischief--THE MONA MONKEY--Description of one at
Paris--THE WHITE-NOSED MONKEY--Origin of the Name--THE
TALAPOIN--Anatomical Peculiarities--THE GREEN MONKEY--Found
in Senegal in abundance--THE RED-BELLIED MONKEY--THE RED
MONKEY--Observed by Bruce--THE MANGABEY--Singularity of its
Appearance--Special Structural Peculiarities 103

CHAPTER VII.

THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS (_continued_)--THE MACAQUES.

Their Description and Anatomy, and its reference to that
of the Semnopitheci and Guenons--THE COMMON MACAQUE--Its
Character--Appropriateness of the Name--Occasionally an
Albino--THE ROUND-FACED MACAQUE--Found in China--Ideas
of the Chinese about them--THE TOQUE, OR BONNET
MONKEY--THE BHUNDER--Described by Cuvier--Their Thieving
Propensities--Hindoo Tales of their Sagacity--THE MOOR
MONKEY--BELANGER’S MONKEY--THE PIG-TAILED MACAQUE--THE
MAGOT--One of the Commonest Monkeys--Described by
Galen--Early Notices of--Predatory Habits--Abundant at
Gibraltar--Probably come over from Africa--Similarity to
the Baboons--THE WANDEROO--Account of one in the Zoological
Society’s Collection--Geographical Range of the Macaques 114

CHAPTER VIII.

THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS (_continued_)--THE BABOONS.

Early Accounts of the Baboon--Origin of the
Name--Held as Sacred by the Egyptians--Used as the
Emblem of Thoth--Brought into Europe in the Middle
Ages--Their Literature--General Description of the
Family--Structural Peculiarities--Brain--Skull--Geographical
Distribution--THE SACRED BABOON--Found in Great numbers
in Abyssinia--Formidable Antagonists--Size and Colour of
the Male and Female--Anecdotes--Propensity for Spirituous
Liquors and Thieving--THE GELADA BABOON--THE PIG-TAILED
BABOON--Usually called Chacma--Description of it--Its
Ferocity in Captivity--Le Vaillant’s Monkey--THE SPHINX
BABOON--Its Dexterity of Aim--THE ANUBIS BABOON--Its Locality
and Food--Method of Running--THE COMMON BABOON--Often found
in Captivity--Anecdotes--Anatomical Peculiarities 129

CHAPTER IX.

THE DOG-SHAPED MONKEYS (_concluded_)--THE BABOONS.

The Second Division of the Baboons--THE MANDRILL--Easily
distinguished from the rest--Peculiar Appearance and
Colour of the Face--The Cheek-ridges--Noticed by the
Ancients--Brutality of its Disposition--“Jerry” at the Surrey
Gardens--Their Wild State--Anatomical Peculiarities--The
Back-bone and Liver--THE DRILL--Distinguished from the
Mandrill--Probable Antiquity of these Baboons--Theories of
their Relationship to other Animals--THE BLACK BABOON--Its
Locality and Description--Probably a Forest Ape--General
Summary of the Dog-shaped Quadrumana and Classification of
the Group 154