Chapter X: The Monkeys of the New World

THE CEBIDÆ--THE HOWLERS--THE WOOLLY MONKEYS--THE SPIDER
MONKEYS--THE SAJOUS.

The Monkeys of the New World--How Distinguished from those of
the Old--Their Division into Families--The First Family, THE
CEBIDÆ, with Prehensile Tails--THE HOWLERS--Appropriateness
of their Name--Where Found--General Description--THE
YELLOW-TAILED HOWLER--Anatomical Peculiarities and Appearance
of the Face--Other Members of the Family--THE BLACK
HOWLER--Its Locality--THE WOOLLY MONKEYS--THE CAPARRO AND
BARRIGUDO--First noticed by Humboldt--Peculiarities of
the Skeleton--THE SPIDER MONKEYS--Seen by Humboldt in the
Brazilian Forests--Remarkable Power of the Tail--Flexibility
of the Limbs--Conformation of the Brain--Other Species--THE
COAITA--Curious Stories of them in Captivity--THE
CHAMECK--THE BLACK SPIDER MONKEY--Its Geographical Range--Its
Position in Sleep--THE VARIEGATED SPIDER MONKEY--THE
SAJOUS--THE CAIARÁRA--Observed by Bates on the Amazon--Other
Varieties--THE BROWN SAJOU--THE CAPUCHIN SAJOU--Described by
Brehm--Their Remarkable Dexterity and Cleverness--Diseases of
Monkeys 164

CHAPTER XI.

THE CEBIDÆ (_concluded_)--THE SQUIRREL
MONKEYS--DOUROUCOULIS--SAKIS.

General Description of the Second Division of Cebidæ--Without
Prehensile Tails--THE SQUIRREL MONKEYS--Described by Buffon
and Humboldt--Peculiarities of the Species--Anecdotes by
Le Vaillant--A Tragic End--THE WIDOW MONKEY--Origin of the
Name--THE ONAPPO--Its Nocturnal Habits and Peculiar Cry--THE
DOUROUCOULIS, OR OWL MONKEYS--General Description of the
Family--Peculiar Formation of the Arm-bone--THE THREE-STRIPED
OWL MONKEY--Described by Humboldt and Bates--THE RED-FOOTED
DOUROUCOULI--THE SAKIS--Remarkable Resemblance in the Face to
Man--Structural Peculiarities--THE COUXIO--THE PARAUACÚ--THE
MONK--Description of the Brain--Other Varieties of the
Sakis--Anecdotes of them--THE BLACK-HEADED SAKIS--General
Description 185

CHAPTER XII.

THE MARMOSETS AND TAMARINS--HAPALE--MIDAS.

The Dentition of the Genus Hapale, or the Marmosets, or
Ouistitis--The Face--The Paw-like Hands and Feet--Their
Claws--The Skull and Brain, and the Nature of the Diet--THE
COMMON MARMOSET--Its Habits--THE CLOAKED MARMOSET--THE GENUS
MIDAS--THE TAMARINS--Their Dentition--THE NEGRO TAMARIN--Its
Habits--MIDAS ARGENTATUM--DEVILLE’S MIDAS--THE SILKY
TAMARIN--Notes on the Arctopithecini in General 197

CHAPTER XIII.

GENERAL REMARKS ON THE MONKEYS.

The Classification of the Monkeys of the New World--The
Geographical Distribution of the Genera--The Fossil Monkeys
of the New and Old World and their Alliances--The Former Old
Fauna of Europe, Asia, and Africa--The Resemblance of Monkeys
to other Animals and Man 203

CHAPTER XIV.

THE LEMUROIDA.

THE GENERA INDRIS AND LEPILEMUR HAPALEMUR.

The Name of the Genus Lemur popularly given to the
Group--Lemuroida the Correct Name--Their Distinctive
Characters--Their Hands and Feet--Ankle-bones--Tail--_Rete
Mirabile_--Nostrils--Colour of the
Eye--Ears--Teeth--Brain--Resemblance to Monkeys--Their
Locality--Lemur at Liberty--Its Playfulness--Division of
the Lemurs--Beauties of Madagascar--GENUS INDRIS--Described
by Grandidier--Their Locality--Colour--Fingers--Teeth--THE
DIADEM INDRIS--Specimens at the British Museum--Little known
about it--THE WOOLLY LEMUR--Described by Sonnerat--THE
SHORT-TAILED INDRIS--Distinguished by its Tail--Its
Skull--GENUS LEPILEMUR--Their Teeth--Tail--THE WEASEL
LEMUR--THE GREY LEMUR--Specimens obtained by Pollen--Their
Cry 210