Chapter II: Golden Moles--Moles--Desmans--Shrews

General Description of the Golden Mole Family--Their
Points of Difference from the True Mole--THE CAPE GOLDEN
MOLE--Its Varieties--The Family of True Moles--THE COMMON
MOLE--Described--Distribution--Teeth--Fore-limbs--Breast-bone--Not
a Miserable Creature--Extreme Voracity--Diet--His
Blindness a Popular Error--A Thirsty Soul--His
Fortress--The Roads leading to it--Speed of a Frightened
Mole--“Mole-hills”--A-wooing--His Strong Family
Affections--His Persecution a Doubtful Benefit--THE
BLIND MOLE--Several Allied Species--THE STAR-NOSED
MOLE--Its Snout--THE COMMON SHREW MOLE--Other Species
in the United States--The Family of Desmans--THE
DESMAN--Its Otter-like Habits--Its Trunk--THE PYRENEAN
DESMAN--THE HAIRY-TAILED MOLE-SHREW--The Family of
Shrews--THE COMMON SHREW--Or Shrew-Mouse--Superstitions
about it--DEKAY’S SHREW--THE GARDEN SHREW--THE
TUSCAN SHREW--THE RAT-TAILED SHREW--THE WATER
SHREW--Essentially Aquatic--Its Prey--Allied Species--THE
TIBETAN WATER SHREW--THE TAILLESS SHREW--Concluding
Remarks--Classification--Distribution--Affinities 365

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

Orang-utan and Chimpanzees in the Berlin Aquarium
_Frontispiece._

Group of Apes and Monkeys, and a Lemur 1

American Monkey, with Prehensile Tail 2

One of the Anthropomorpha--The Chimpanzee 3

One of the Cynomorpha--The Baboon 4

Group of Lemurs 5

Foot and Hand of a Monkey--A Catarhine Monkey--A Platyrhine
Monkey--Monkey with Cheek Pouches 6

The Male Gorilla 8

Female Gorilla and Young 9

Front View of the Skull of the Gorilla 10

A Family of Gorillas 13

Face of the Gorilla 15

Palm of the Foot of Young Gorilla--Back of the Hand of Young
Gorilla 16

Side View of the Skull of Gorilla 17

The Teeth of the Gorilla 20

Skeleton of the Gorilla 21

Throat of Gorilla 22

Forest in the Gaboon Country--The Land of the Gorilla 24

Bones of the Fore-arm and Arm of the Gorilla--Side View.
Shoulder or Blade-bone 25

Hand-bones of the Gorilla 28

Hunting the Gorilla 32

Bones of the Ankle and Foot of Man--Bones of the Ankle and
Foot of Gorilla 33

Young Gorilla and Dog 38

The Nschiego Mbouvé 40

Skeleton of Nschiego 41

Skull of Nschiego 42

The Koolo-Kamba 44

Portrait of a Young Soko 47

A Soko Hunt 48

The Chimpanzee 49

A Village in the Gaboon Country 52

Sick Orang-utan 53

Brain of Chimpanzee 57

Orang-utans _To face page_ 61

Front and Side Face of the Orang 61

The Orang at Bay 64

A Family of Orang-utans 65

The Orang and its Nest 68

A Young Orang 69

The Air Pouches of Orang--The Brain of Orang 71

Wrist-bones of Orang 72

The Siamang 73

Skeleton of the Siamang 76

Group of Siamangs and Gibbons _To face page_ 77

The White-handed Gibbon 77

Skull of Hoolook 79

The Hoolook 80

The Wooyen Ape 81

The Agile Gibbon 82

Jaw of the Gibbon--Back of Jaw of the Agile Gibbon 83

Face of the Black-crested Monkey 85

The Negro Monkey 88

The Long-nosed Monkey 89

Young Long-nosed Monkey 90

Stomach of the Long-nosed Monkey 91

The Sumatra Monkey 92

The Douc 93

The Crowned Monkey 93

The Priamus Monkey 97

Colobus Verus 100

The Guereza 101

The Diana Monkey 104

Face of the Diana Monkey 105

The White-nosed Monkey 109

The Head and Shoulders of the Talapoin 110

The Gorilla _To face page_ 111

The Red-bellied Monkey 112

The Mangabey--The Foot and Hand of the Mangabey 113

The Common Macaque 116

The Toque 117

The Bhunder, and a Bonnet Monkey 120

The Moor Macaque 121

The Pig-tailed Macaque 124

The Magot 125

Wrist-bones of the Magot 126

Face of the Wanderoo 127

The Wanderoo 128

Cynocephalus 131

Judgment Scene from an Egyptian Monument 132

Baboons upon an Ant-hill 133

Brain of the Baboon 136

The Chimpanzee _To face page_ 137

View in Abyssinia 137

The Sacred Baboon 140

Young Hamadryas 141

A Village in Nubia 142

The Pig-tailed Baboon 145

Skull of the Chacma 147

Skull of the Anubis Baboon 149

The Anubis Baboon 152

The Common Baboon 153

The Mandrill 156

Young Mandrill 157

Skull of the Mandrill 158

The Drill 160

The Black Baboon 161

The Skeleton of the Mandrill 162

A Group of Howlers 165

Bones of the Tail of the Howler 167

Section of Head and of Air Sac of the Howler--Upper Part of
Breast-bone and Collar-bones of the Howler--Brain of the
Howler 168

Yellow-tailed Howler and Young 169

The Caparro 170

Group of Spider Monkeys _To face page_ 173

Brain of the Spider Monkey 173

Jaw of the Spider Monkey--Hand of the Spider Monkey 174

The Coaita 176

The Chameck 177

The Black and Variegated Spider Monkeys 179

The Hooded Spider Monkey 180

The Brown Capuchin 181

The Cai 184

The Callithrix Amictus 188

Arm-bone of Owl Monkey 189

The Red-footed Douroucouli 190

Brain of Monk 192

The Monk 193

The Couxio 194

The White-headed Saki 196

The Common Marmosets 197

Hand-bones of Marmoset--Foot-bones of Marmoset 198

Deville’s Midas 201

Skull of Marmoset 202

Head of the Black Howler 205

Young Orangs 209

Anubis Baboon _To face page_ 211

Lemuroids at Home in Madagascar 212

Head of Indris (Propithecus) Verrauxii, to show Lemuroid
Nostrils 213

Eye of Lemuroid, showing Contraction and Dilatation of
Pupil--Upper Surface Brain of Lemur Catta 214

Side View and Under Surface of the Tongue of a Lemuroid 215

Garnett’s Galago 216

Skull of Black Indris, showing Adult Dentition--Milk
Dentition of Indris 219

The Diadem Indris and the Woolly Indris 220

The Black or Short-tailed Indris 221

The Weasel Lemur 224

The Grey or Broad-nosed Lemur 225

Ring-tailed Lemurs _To face page_ 227

The Mongoose Lemur, or Woolly Macaco 229

The Ruffed Lemur 230

Skeleton of the Ruffed Lemur 231

Head of the Black Lemur 232

The Forked-crowned Cheirogale 234

The Maholi Galago and the Senegal Galago 236

Ears of Maholi Galago, contracted and open 237

The Muscles and Tendons of the Tail of Grand
Galago--Foot-bones of Grand, or Thick-tailed Galago 238

Monteiro’s Galago 239

Palm of Hand of Garnett’s Galago--Sole of Foot, with long
heel, of Garnett’s Galago 240

The Potto in its Sleeping and Waking Attitudes 241

The Angwántibo 242

Hand and Foot of Arctocebus 243

The Slow Loris 244

Rete Mirabile--Slow Loris 245

The Slender Loris, showing its Attitudes and Habits 247

The Tarsius 249

The Aye-Aye 251

Forest Scene in Madagascar 253

Bones of the Hand and Foot of Aye-Aye 256

Skull of the Aye-Aye (side and front view) 257

Marsh Bat 258

Skeleton of the Mouse-coloured Bat 260

The Sternum of Flying Fox 261

Barbastelle Walking--Head of Long-eared Bat 263

Head of the Spectacled Vampire 264

Head of the Kalong 266

Fruit Bats of Ceylon at Home _To face page_ 267

Dentition of the Egyptian Fruit Bat 267

Representation of a Fruit Bat on an Egyptian Monument 269

Collared Fruit Bat with Young 270

Kalong 272

Head of the Maned Fruit Bat--Head of the Grey
Fruit Bat 273

The Roussette 275

Head of the Margined Fruit Bat 276

The Hammer-headed Bat 277

Teeth of the Dwarf Long-tongued Fruit Bat 278

The Black-cheeked Fruit Bat 279

Hairs of Bats, Magnified 280

Head of the Greater Horseshoe Bat 281

The Greater Horseshoe Bat 282

Head of Lesser Horseshoe Bat 283

Head of the Mourning Horseshoe Bat 284

The Orange Bat 285

Head of the Male and Female Diadem Bat 286

Head of the Persian Trident Bat 287

Head of the Lyre Bat--Teeth of the Lyre Bat 288

Head of the Cordate Leaf Bat--Head of the African Megaderm 289

The African Megaderm--Head of the Desert Bat 290

The Desert Bat 291

Dentition of the Thick-legged Bat 292

British Bats at Home _To face page_ 293

Long-eared Bats in Flight 293

Long-eared Bat Sleeping 294

Head of Barbastelle 295

Ear and Head of Townsend’s Bat 296

Geoffroy’s Nyctophile 297

Pipistrelle in Flight 298

Head of Noctule 299

Head of Parti-coloured Bat 301

Head of Temminck’s Bat--Welwitsch’s Bat 303

New Zealand Bat 304

Head of Mouse-coloured Bat 305

Black and Orange Bat 307

Skull of Harpy Bat--Skull of Red Bat 309

Foot and Thumb of the Brown Pig Bat 311

Head of Straw-coloured Bat 312

Dentition of Striped Sack-winged Bat--Wing of Striped
Sack-winged Bat, from below--Arm of Striped Sack-winged Bat,
from above 313

The Mountain Bat 314

Skull of Tomb Bat--Dentition of Tomb Bat 315

Head of Male and Female Long-armed Bat--Head of Male and
Female Black-bearded Bat--Skull of Rhinopome 316

Egyptian Rhinopome--Head of Great Hare-lipped Bat 317

Skull and Front Teeth of Cestoni’s Bat 318

Head of Cestoni’s Bat 319

Head of Collared Bat 321

The Collared Bat 322

Head of New Zealand Short-tailed Bat--Teeth of New Zealand
Short-tailed Bat--Thumb and Foot of New Zealand Short-tailed
Bat 323

The New Zealand Short-tailed Bat 324

Skull of Javelin Bat 325

Mouth of Spectacled Stenoderm--Head of Blainville’s Bat 328

Skull and Dentition of Blainville’s Bat--Blainville’s Bat 329

Head of Owl-faced Bat 330

Head of Javelin Bat--Head of Vampire Bat 331

Head of Soricine Bat 333

Redman’s Bat 334

Skull of Desmodus 338

Desmodus 339

Stomach of Desmodus--Stomach of Long-eared Bat--Stomach of
Pteropus 340

Low’s Ptilocerque 342

Skeleton of Shrew--Dentition of Hedgehog 343

Hind Foot of Colugo--Bones of Hind Foot of Colugo 345

Lower Incisors of Colugo--Colugo 346

Skull of Colugo 347

Dentition of Ferruginous Bangsring--Tana, Golden-tailed
Variety 348

Sole of Right Hind Foot of Elephant Shrew--Elephant Shrew 351

Sole of Right Hind Foot of Petrodrome--The Rhynchocyon 352

The Hedgehog 354

The Bulau 358

1. Tendrac; 2. Telfair’s Tendrac; 3. Tanrec _To face page_ 359

Dentition of Tanrec 359

The Agouta 362

Upper Jaw of West African River Shrew 363

Lower Jaw of West African River Shrew--The West African River
Shrew 364

Skull of Golden Mole--Dentition of Golden Mole 365

Sternum of Golden Mole--Fore Foot of Golden Mole 366

The Common Mole 367

Dentition of Common Mole--Fore Limbs of Common Mole--Sternum
of Common Mole 368

Mole’s Fortress 370

Side View of Snout of Star-nosed Mole--Front View of Snout of
Star-nosed Mole 372

Dentition of Desman 375

1. Pigmy Shrew; 2. Common Shrew; 3 and 4. Water Shrew
_To face page_ 377

Dentition of Common Shrew 377

Rat-tailed Shrew 379