Chapter I: Part THE FIRST

PAGE Map of the work which had to be done in the 19th Century _Frontispiece_

Jerusalem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Map of Egypt, Nubia, and part of Arabia _To face woodcut of Jerusalem_

Portrait of Burckhardt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

"Here is thy grave" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Merchant of Jeddah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Shores and boats of the Red Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Map of English India and part of Persia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Bridge of rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

"They were seated according to age" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Beluchistan warriors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

"A troop of bayaderes came in" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Afghan costumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Persian costumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

"Two soldiers held me" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

"Fifteen Ossetes accompanied me" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

"He beheld the Missouri" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Warrior of Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

A kafila of slaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Member of the body-guard of the Sheikh of Bornou . . . . . . . . . 73

Reception of the Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Lancer of the army of the Sultan of Begharmi . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Map of Denham and Clapperton's journey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Portrait of Clapperton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

"The caravan met a messenger" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

"Travelling at a slow pace" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

View on the banks of the Congo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Ashantee warrior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Rene Caillie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

"He decamped with all his followers" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Caillie crossing the Tankisso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

View of part of Timbuctoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Map of Rene Caillie's journey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

"Laing saw Mount Loma" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Lower Course of the Niger (after Lander) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Mount Kesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

"They were all but upset" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Square stool belonging to the King of Bornou . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Map of the Lower Course of the Djoliba, Kouara, Quoora, or Niger
(after Lander) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

"It was hollowed out of a single tree-trunk" . . . . . . . . . . . 141

View of a Merawe temple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

The Second Cataract of the Nile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Temple of Jupiter Ammon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

"Villages picturesquely perched" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Map of the Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Circassians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

"Excelling in lassoing the wild mustangs" . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Map of the Sources of the Mississippi, 1834 . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

View of the Pyramid of Xochicalco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168